Three-dimensional bubble study. Parasternal long-axis view
by Rakesh Gupta, Garima Arora, Navin C Nanda, HK Chopra, Satish K Parashar, Steven Bleich

Comprehensive Textbook of Echocardiography

by Navin C Nanda
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Real time three-dimensional echocardiographic (3D TTE) bubble study. Intravenous injection of agitated normal saline shows contrast echoes appearing first in the bounded echo-free space and then sequentially moving into the right atrium (RA, arrow in F) and RV (arrow in G and H). This suggests that the bounded space is the SVC. The 3D TTE video clip demonstrate the progression of contrast echoes into the RA and RV.

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