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In patients with a short neck, intraoperative visualization of levels may be difficult and this can be improved by strapping the shoulders caudally. Decompression and dissection laterally beyond the medial margins of longus colli risks injury to the vertebral artery. Landmarks such as the medial margin of the uncus, and the medial margin of the longus colli muscle should be used to maintain midline orientation. After the posterior third of the body is reached, diamond burrs must be used to avoid