Yearbook of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery-3 (2021) R Sekhar
INDEX
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSTUVWXYZ
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table.
A
Abdomen 178
venous duplex of 58
Abdominal pain, causes of 16
Adjunctive modalities 78
Adjunctive therapy 80f
Advanced trauma life support principles 195
Adventitia 142
Aesculus hippocastanum 37
Air embolization 199
Albumin 132
Alcoholism 93
Aldosteronism 147, 148
ALN filter 216f
Alpha-benzopyrone 31, 34, 35
Alternative therapeutic method 265
Amino acids 132
Amputation 66
Anaphylaxis 180
Anastomosis
end-to-side distal 161
occlusion 93
revision of 107
Anastomotic pseudoaneurysms 185
Anastomotic stenosis 103f
Aneurysm 17, 101, 228, 257
etiology of 239
infected 238
primary 228
rupture 239
sac 260
tissue 230
Angel catheter 222
Angioplasty, primary 21
Angiosome 279, 280
affected 279
concept of 279
applications of 282
functional 280
Angiotensin receptor blockers 146, 151
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor 146, 151
Ankle arteries 282f
Ankle-brachial index 68
Antegrade celiac bypass 17
Antegrade femoral access 250f
Anterior tibial artery 280
puncture 252f
Anthocyans 31
Antibiotic 132, 240
impregnation 237
therapy 234
Antibiotic-resistant organisms 240
Anticoagulants 6
revascularization 2t
Anticoagulation
bleeding complications of 4t
complications of 206
expectations from 3t
therapy 1, 273, 274t
Antideoxyribonuclease 128
Antigen-antibody reaction 124
Antihypertensive drugs 153
Antihypertensive medication 151
Antihypertensive therapy 151
Anti-inflammatory effects 32
Antimetabolites 139
Antioxidants, circulating 78
Antioxidative properties 32
Antiplatelet 6
agents 9, 12
and anticoagulant therapies, strategies of 11
vascular evaluation 5
Antiseptics 40
Antithrombotic therapies 6, 7fc
Antithrombotic treatment 1fc, 7t
Antithrombotic trialists’ collaboration 2
Anxiety 87
Aorta 142
abdominal 130, 131, 175, 239
arch of 130
ascending 130
calcific 134
descending thoracic 130, 193f, 200, 202
infrarenal 17
mechanisms of injury to 190
supraceliac 17
surgery for ascending 198
thoracic 125, 239
Aortic anastomosis 161
Aortic aneurysm
etiology of infected 231f
infected 228, 236f
managing infected 228
risk factors for infected 228
signs of infected 233f
size 134
treat infected 235fc
Aortic arch 126
Aortic bifurcation 132f
Aortic crus level 132
Aortic injury 193f
classification of 191
Aortic isthmus 133f
Aortic patch plasty 19f
Aortic root 190
Aortic stenosis, correction of 19f
Aortic tears, complex 200
Aortoaortic shun 199f
Aortobifemoral bypass 19
Aortoduodenal fistula 231
Aortoenteric fistula 236f
Aortography 194
Aortorenal bypass 157, 161
Arch injuries, surgery for 198
Arterial access, duplex guidance for 250f
Arterial anastomotic sites 185
Arterial aneurysms, primary infected 228
Arterial obstruction 129
Arterial segment, focal dilatation of 228
Arterial territories 174f
Arterial tissue 228
Arterialized vein, stenosis of 103f
Arterioles 153
Arteriotomy 23
Arteriovenous fistula 102, 104f, 118, 232, 249
Arteriovenous graft 102
stenosis 114
Arteriovenous malformation 251
embolization 257f
high-flow 256f
Arteritis
dysplasia 21
obliterating 284
Artery
antegrade brachial 265f
aortic 231
autologous hypogastric 161
axillary 183
brachial 183
carotid 130
cavernous 84
common carotid 130
coronary 128, 142
dorsal penile 90
dorsalis pedis 280
gastroduodenal 162
hypothermic branch renal 163
infected left femoral 187f
inferior epigastric 90
inferior mesenteric 16
internal carotid 131f
intrarenal 153
lateral plantar 280
left renal 135f, 137
medial plantar 280
panbrachiocephalic 129f
peroneal 280
posterior tibial 280
pulmonary 128
reconstructive procedures 160
viscerorenal 126
Arthritis 125
Aseptic precautions 179
Aspergillus 230
Aspirin 3, 6, 10
effect of 3
Assisted reproductive technology 269
Atherosclerosis 16, 126t, 229, 284
absence of significant 229
prevalence of 142
Atherosclerotic disease 151, 155
Atherosclerotic lesions 142
Atherosclerotic origin, complications of 3
Atherosclerotic plaque 153, 229, 230
Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis 151
Autoimmune disorder 124
Autologous graft material 235
Axillofemoral bypass 237
B
Bacteremic seeding 229
Baker's cyst 96
Balloon
angioplasty 105
maceration 257
Bariatric surgery 211
Barotrauma 111
Basilic vein 103f
transposition 109, 110
Below-knee amputation 74f
Beta-blockers 156
Betamethasone 40
Betrixaban plus aspirin 9
Biodegradable polymer wraps 118
Biofilms 67
Bleeding, types of 4
Blindness 66
Blood
flow, decreased 147
pressure 141, 151, 166
products 132
sinusoids 84
Bloodstream infections, catheter-related 223
Blunt aortic injuries 191
Blunt traumatic aortic injuries 199f, 202
Body mass index 212
Bovine heparin 180
Bovine pericardial patch 180
Bovine pericardium patch angioplasty 108f
Bridge therapy 188, 240
Brucella 231
Buck's fascia, compartment of 84
Burkholderia 231
Bypass thrombosis 8
C
Cadexomer iodine 40
Calcium
alginate 70, 73
dressing 73f
dobesilate 37
Campylobacter 231
Candida 230
Capillary endothelium 57
Captopril scintigraphy 148
Carbon dressing 75, 75f
Cardiovascular risk reduction 152
Carotidynia 125
Catastrophic atheroembolism 125
Catheter
double-curve 21
venography 98
Ceftriaxone 234, 240
Celect filter 217, 217f
Celect platinum filters 213
Celiac trunk stenting 23
Centella asiatica 37
triterpenic fraction of 37
Central vein
catheter 222f
post venoplasty 117f
stenosis 116, 117f
stenotic lesion balloon angioplasty 117f
Cephalic arch stenosis 109, 111f, 112
lesions 114
open surgery for 113
Cephalic arch stenting 111f
Cephalic vein 112f
transposition 113
technique 113f
Cerebrospinal fluid 136
Cesarean section, thromboprophylaxis after 269
Channel blockers 156
Charcoal 71
Chest radiography 192
Cholecystectomy 229
Chronic complex wound, management of 75
Chronic mesenteric ischemia, anatomical basis of 15
Chronic pelvic pain, differential diagnosis of 61
Chronic venous
disease 44
management of 39
disorder 28, 29t, 30
medical management of 43
insufficiency 28, 29f
Cilostazol 6
Citationid 213, 217
Citrus fruits 42
Clamp-and-sew technique 198
Clavicular trauma 182f
Clopidogrel 3, 6, 8, 10
plus aspirin 6
Cobalt-chromium alloy 213
Collagen dressing 76, 77f
Collateral blood supply 280
Collateral circulation, development of 125
Colorectal surgery 229
Combined intracavernosal injection 87
Compression therapy 40
Compression ultrasonography 271
Computed tomography angiography 148, 150
Concomitant injuries 195
Concomitant popliteal artery entrapment 98
Congestion-fibrosis syndrome 54
Congestive cardiac failure 146
Conservative treatment 98
Contralateral kidney 144, 146
Coronary heart disease 146
high risk of 1
Corpora cavernosa 84
Corynebacterium 230
Coumarin 30, 31
Coxiella burnetii 230
C-reactive protein 128
Critical limb ischemia 11, 279, 283
Critical stenosis 15
Cross-sectional computed tomography 60
Cryptococcus 230
Cutting balloon 106
angioplasty 107, 111, 118
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate 38
D
Decompensation, acute 154
Deep dorsal vein 90
Deep vein thrombosis 36, 95, 205, 206, 209, 210, 265, 267, 271, 271fc
treatment of 272
Denali filter 213, 216, 216f
Depression 87
Diabetes 87
mellitus 66, 93
Diabetic arterial disease 280
Diabetic foot 76
neuroischemic 283
ulcer 66
Diabetic population, rate of 283
Diabetic subjects, chronic 284
Diaphragm 190
Diarrhea 16
Digital subtraction angiography 234
Dihydroxyethylrutosides 36
Direct arteriovenous graft 261f
Direct femoropopliteal graft puncture 262
Direct graft puncture 260f
Direct sac puncture 264f
Disease process, reactivation of 125
Distal femur 95
Dorsal artery exposure 90
Downstream factors 101
Dressing 40, 41
advanced 76
antimicrobial 67
multifunction 71, 76, 77f
occlusive 42
types of 69, 70t
Drug-eluting balloon 118
angioplasty 107
E
Edema, postoperative 93
Ejaculation, premature 86
Emergency thoracotomy 201
End-arterial occlusive disease 284
End-diastolic velocity 16
Endocrine neoplasia, multiple 148
Endoleak 264f
Endothelial cells 32
Endotracheal tube, double-lumen 200
Endovascular intervention 24, 196
Endovascular procedure 116
planning 21
Endovascular techniques 181, 240, 282
role of 237
Endovascular therapies 6, 155, 180, 237, 240
Endovascular treatment 20, 24, 62
role of 154
Enzymatic agents 41
Epidermal growth factor 41
Epigastric artery, harvesting inferior 90
Erectile dysfunction 83, 86, 88
history 86
severity of 87
Erectile function, index of 87
Erection physiology 86f
Erythema 271
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 128, 231
Escherichia coli 76, 231
Esophagus 194
Excretory dysfunction 157
Extra-anatomic bypass 237
Extracellular polysaccharide 67
F
Far-infrared electromagnetic radiation 117
Female varicocele 54
Femoral artery 176, 187f, 200
access, superficial 252f
infected aneurysms 231
pseudoaneurysm 178f, 180
stent puncture 252f
Femoral vein, common 60
Femoral-popliteal deep vein 237
Femorodistal reconstructions 10
Femorofemoral bypass 200
Femoropopliteal bypass graft, left 185f
Femoropopliteal steno-occlusive disease 126
Fibromuscular dysplasia 21, 141, 142, 157
Fibroplasia, medial 143
Fibrosis, stage of 125
Fibrotic nonyielding lesions 129
Film dressing 72, 72f
Filter
data 215
design 213
fracture 216
migration 216, 218
penetration 215
placement 205
retrieval 218
techniques 221
Flank exposure 159
Flash pulmonary edema 127, 146, 154
Flavonoids 30–32, 34
Fluocinolone 40
Fluoroquinolone 234, 240
Fluoroscopic guidance 266
sac puncture 263f
Foam 71, 73
dressing 74f
with silicone 73
dressing 74f
Foot
arteries 282f
infection 68
classification 68t
Free oxygen radicals 145
Fungus vegetations 228
Furlow-Fisher technique 92
Fusiform dilatation 193
G
Gadolinium 150
Gangrene
partial 9
warrants 279
Giant aneurysm 160f
Glans hyperemia 93
Glasgow coma scale 211
Glomerular filtration rate 145, 151
Glucocorticoid therapy, chronic 228
Glycosaminoglycan 39
Graft
failure, high risk of 4
patency of 12t
Gram stain 232
Gravid uterus 268f
Great saphenous vein 28, 237
Growth factors 41
Günther tulip filter 213
H
Haemophilus influenzae 231
Harikrishna periwound skin classification 67t
Hauri technique 91, 92f
Heart 194, 221
bypass, left 199
disease 66
valve, mechanical 270, 273
Hematoma 93, 175f, 198, 215
groin 175f
intramural 194
periaortic 194
Hemodialysis 249
chronic 260
Hemodynamic blood flow analysis 88
Hemodynamic changes 56, 56b
Hemorrhage 206
intraoperative 136
venous 192
Hemostasis 132
Heparin
allergy, anticoagulation in 274
lower dose of 196
therapy 272
Hepatorenal bypass 162
Hesperidin methylchalcone 44
High-pressure balloon 105, 106f
Hindfoot angiosomes 280
Honey dressing 76
Horse chestnut seed extract 45
Human keratinocytes 32
Hybrid interventions 254
Hydrocolloid 70
dressing 72, 73f
Hydrofiber 71
dressing 75, 75f
Hydrogel 42, 70
dressing 72, 72f
Hydroxyethylrutoside 36
Hypercoagulability 267
Hyperlipidemia 87, 93
Hyperplasia, medial 143
Hypertension 87, 93, 143, 151
angiotensin-mediated 144
intractable 127
jumps 147
moderate 147
nonvolume-dependent 144
paroxysmal 147
portal 61
refractory 154
renovascular 141, 144, 146, 166
resistant 147
severe 147, 156, 157
Hypertensive encephalopathy 155
Hysterectomy 62
I
Iatrogenic pseudoaneurysms 175
Idiopathic aortoarteritis 142
Idiopathic bilateral adrenal hyperplasia 147
Iliac artery 17, 231
Iliac stent implantation 253f
Iliac vein 59f, 61
Iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis 210
Iliofemoral thromboses 273
Immunity, impaired 228
In situ reconstruction 237
Indirect endovascular intervention 284
Indolent situations 128
Infected aneurysm, diagnosis of 232
Infection 93, 101, 223
antecedent 228
contiguous 229
incidence of 139
primary 237
Inflammation
chronic 80
stage of 125
Inflammatory aortic aneurysm 231
Inflow stenosis 116
Infrainguinal autogenous vein graft 4
Infrainguinal revascularization 2t, 3, 9, 12
Infrarenal aortic
aneurysm 126, 238f
occlusion 19
Inguinal ligament 176
Initiate graft lysis 262f
Injury severity score 208
Interposition graft 108, 116
Interventional therapy 129
Intimal fibroplasia 143
Intractable cerebral edema 130
Intractable renovascular hypertension 138f
Intraoperative duplex sonography 164
Intravascular ultrasound 194
Intravenous heparin therapy 273
Intravenous therapy, completion of 235
Ionic contrast agent 150
Irrefutable diagnosis 147
Ischemia 68, 68t, 235, 280
chronic mesenteric 15
duration of 163
end-organ 239
Ischemic cardiac events 10
Ischemic diabetic foot 284
revascularization of 283
Ischemic kidney, ipsilateral 144
Ischemic leg 187f
Ischemic nephropathy 141, 145, 156
pathogenesis of 145fc
pathophysiology of 145fc
Ischemic risk, reduced 10
Ischemic stroke 10
Ischemic ulceration 9
Isolated arterial control 163
J
Jugular vein, external 115f
Juxta-anastomotic
segment 102
stenosis 104, 105, 105f
treatment for 105
stenotic lesions 108
K
Kidney
disease, chronic 142
disease, end-stage 142
function 153
size, asymmetry in 147
Klebsiella 231
Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome 258f
Knee
amputation, left above 187f
extension 96
L
Lactococcus cremoris 230
Laparoscopy 61
Laser therapy, low-level 79
Left ventricular systolic function 165
Leg
and foot, angiosome anatomy of 281f
arteries 281f
heaviness 45
pain 45
wounds, managing 66
Lesions 161
Leukotriene synthesis 39
Ligamentum arteriosum 190
Limb
events, high risk for 8
ischemia 101
acute 11
salvage 10, 284
Listeria 230
Lobelenz 90
technique 92f
Local extrinsic causes 57
Low paraplegia rate 200
Low-adherent gauze dressings 42
Lower limb 28, 131
ischemia 9
varicose veins 64
vascularization 279
Low-molecular-weight heparin 9, 272
Lumbar spine procedures 175
Lung 194, 221
Lymphatic drainage 38
Lymphatic dysfunction 32
Lymphovenous malformation 258f
M
Magnetic resonance
angiography 150
venography 60, 97
May-Thurner
anatomy 267
syndrome 55, 56, 57
Mean arterial pressure 102
Mediastinal abnormalities 192
Mediastinal hematomas 192
Mediastinal pleura 201
Melena 16
Mesenteric artery 126
angioplasty and stenting 23
bypass, aortosuperior 19f, 20f
Mesenteric hematoma 21
Mesenteric ischemia
chronic 16t
symptomatic chronic 15
Mesenteric revascularization 17, 24
interventions in 24
Mesenteric vessel occlusions, chronic 17
Mesoglycan 39
Methotrexate 128
Michal technique 91f
Microarterial bypass 91
Microbiology 230
Microcurrent therapy 78
Micronized purified flavonoid fraction 32, 33
Microvascular dysfunction 279
Middle aortic syndrome 130
Milka Greiner's classification 57b
Minilaparotomy 23
Monohydroxyethylrutosides 36
Monotherapy 6
Motor vehicular accident 193f, 197f
Multidetector computed tomography 97, 192
Multiple layer bandages 40
Mycobacterium
bovis 230
tuberculosis 236f
Mycotic aneurysm 228–230
symptomatic 229
Mycotic splenic artery pseudoaneurysm 186f
Myocardial infarction 155
N
National Kidney Foundation 106
Native vein patch 180
Necrotic tissue 235
Nephrectomy 152
Nephrologist's perspective 153
Neuraxial anesthesia 273, 274t
Neuropathic pain 232
Nickel-titanium alloy 213
Noninflammatory vascular disease 142
Noninvasive tests 58
Nonvenoactive drugs 38
Nuclear medicine 234
Nutcracker syndrome 55, 56
diagnosis of 61
O
Obesity 93
Obstructive sleep apnea, treatment of 153
Obturator bypass 186
Open operative management 165
Open surgery 107, 116
registry 135t
treatment 17
Optease filter 218, 218f, 219
Oral anticoagulant 2
Oral anticoagulation treatment 40
Oral direct thrombin inhibitors 273
Organ dysfunction 138
Organic erectile dysfunction, etiology of 83t
Original Mobin-Uddin filter 205f
Orodental infections 228
Ostial
disease 161
endarterectomy 161
lesion 23
Ostioproximal occlusion, bilateral 138f
Ovarian embolization, bilateral 63
Ovarian varicocele, waveform of left 60f
Ovarian vein, left 56, 59, 59f, 63f
Ovarian venous plexus 59
Oxerutins 36
Oxidative stress 101
Oxygen
therapy 81f
wound therapy 81
P
P2Y12 inhibition 10, 12
Pain 271
Palpable supraclavicular hematoma 192
Paraplegia 196, 199
Patch angioplasty 107, 116
Peak systolic velocity 16
Pelvic arteriovenous malformations 61
Pelvic congestion 54
symptoms 55
syndrome 54, 64
Pelvic pain, chronic 54, 55
Pelvic sonography 58
Pelvic vein 55, 59f
Pelvic venous
disorders 54
insufficiency, chronic 54
reflux 57b, 64
Pelvis 178
venous drainage of 55
Penile
erection 89t
hypervascularity 93
numbness 93
shortening 93
tumescence 83
vascular anatomy 84
venous anatomy 86fc
Penile arterial
anatomy 85fc
occlusion 89
Penile revascularization surgery 83, 89b, 93
candidacy for 89
complications with 93t
techniques 90t
Pentoxifylline 38, 39, 46
Percutaneous access 254
Percutaneous graft access 254
Percutaneous transfemoral technique 254
Percutaneous transluminal
angioplasty 20, 106, 108, 112, 115, 118
balloon angioplasty 110
Periaortic fibrosis 126
Perineum 56
Peripheral arterial
disease 1, 1fc, 7fc
interventions, management of 6
Peripheral blood plasma renin activity 148
Peripheral cutting balloon 107
Peripheral vascular
beds 142
disease 146, 249
Peritubular capillaries 153
Periwound skin 67
Permanent filters, types of 207
Perspiration 147
Pharmaco-penile duplex ultrasonography 88, 88t
Phenylephrine 88
Pheochromocytoma 147
Phlebotonic agents 30
Photobiomodulation therapy 79
Pickering syndrome 146
Pinus pinaster 35
Piperacillin 234, 240
Plain balloon angioplasty 23, 105
Plantar flexion 96
Plaque 25
Plasma
aldosterone concentration 148
renin activity 149
Platelet count 206
Polyester vascular graft 136
Polymeric membrane dressing 71, 76
Polymicrobial biofilm formation 69f
Polypropylene sutures 180
Polytetrafluoroethylene 102, 105, 161
Popliteal adventitial cystic disease 95
Popliteal artery entrapment 95
Popliteal vein 95
access 265f
entrapment 95, 99
Popliteal venous entrapment 95
clinical features 95
diagnosis of 98
etiology 95
management 98
primary 95
surgical treatment 99
Post-endovascular aneurysm repair 249
Post-mechanical thrombectomy 261f
Postpartum
anticoagulation resumption in 274
venous thromboembolism 270t
Pre-existing aneurysms 229
Pregnancy imposes 267
Pregnancy thromboembolism characteristics 267
Pressure alteration 57
Pressure natriuresis 144
Proanthocyanidins 31, 32
Procyanidins 35
Proglide femoral access 250f
Prophylactic indications 208
Prosapogenin 37
Prosthetic bypass graft 132f
Prosthetic graft 186
Proteins, heparin-binding 272
Proteinuria 145
pathogenesis of 145fc
pathophysiology of 145fc
Pseudallescheria boydii 230
Pseudoaneurysm 130, 174, 174f, 175, 177f, 180, 186, 188, 194
access site 176f
groin 181f
infected 186
large 176
majority of 179
repair, surgical options for 181f
traumatic 183
Pseudocoarctation syndrome 192
Pseudomonas 231
Pulmonary edema 155
Pulmonary embolism 95, 206, 209–211
Pulmonary vein, left inferior 199
Pulsatile graft 19
Pulseless disease 124
Pycnogenol 35
R
Radial artery
pseudoaneurysm 175f
puncture 253f
Ray's amputation 79
Reactive oxygen species 145
Reflux pathology 57
Renal arterial stenotic disease, treatment of 155
Renal artery 126
aneurysm, repair of 160f
atheromas 161
bilateral 143
disease 156
dissection 158
left and right 159f
lesions, stenting for 154
reconstructive procedures 158
reimplantation 157, 160
right 138f, 160f
stenosis 141, 141fc, 144, 151
bilateral 144fc
stenting, efficacy of 155
Renal circulations 133
Renal denervation 166
Renal disease, end-stage 101, 280
Renal failure, end-stage 66
Renal function 136, 154
response 166
Renal insufficiency, functional acute 152
Renal parenchymal disease 157
Renal revascularization 152
Renal vascular hypertension, functional test for 148
Renal vein 149
left 55, 59
right 55, 59
Renal vessels 149
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 144
Renography, captopril-enhanced 149
Renovascular disease 141
Renovascular hypertension 152t
etiology for 142, 143t
management of 151fc, 154, 157t
pathogenesis of 144fc
Rest pain 279
severe 187f
Retrograde sheath 254
Retroperitoneal hematoma 176, 178f, 232
Retroperitoneal mass 55
Retroverted uterus 55
Rib 194
spreader 200
Rivaroxaban 5, 7, 10, 11, 12
Rotaflow centrifugal pump 200
Rothia dentocariosa 230
Ruscus aculeatus 44
S
Salmonella spp 230, 234, 237, 240
Salpingo-oophorectomy 62
Sandwich technique 62, 63f
Santorini plexus 84
Saphenofemoral junction 28
Saphenopopliteal junction 28
Saphenous vein
graft 162
lesser 251
small 251
Saponins 30, 31, 34, 44
Scalp veins, multiple 261f
Scanning electron microscopy 67
Scarpa's fascia 90
Scars, postoperative 91
Scedosporium apiospermum 230
Scintigraphy, captopril-enhanced 149
Sentry bioconvertible filter 224f
Septic emboli 229
Septic thrombosis, acute 284
Serum creatinine 153
Shunts 132
arterioarterial 90
arteriocavernosal 90
arteriovenous 90
Silver 71
dressing 75, 76f
sulfadiazine 40
Skin barrier 40
Sloughy tissues 67
Smoking 16, 93
Sophora japonica 36
Specific surgical techniques 90
Spinal cord 136
perfusion 131
Spinal ischemia 199
Splanchnic-renal bypass 162
Splenorenal bypass 162
SPY machine 79f
Standard pressure balloon 105, 106f
Staphylococcus
lugdunensis 230
Steno-occlusive disease 126, 129, 133
Stenosis 101, 102f
percentage of 110f
site of 149
Stenotic cephalic vein 108f
Stenotic lesions 20
Stenotic segment and neoanastomosis, excision of 107
Stent
choice of 22
placement 116
primary 21
Stent graft 111, 115
challenging 111
repair, endovascular 184f
Sternal fractures 192
Sternum 194
Streptococcus 78
pneumoniae 230
Stroke 66
Subclavian artery 130
pseudoaneurysm 182f
Subclavian bypass, right 135
Subcostal incisions 158
Sulodexide 39
Superior mesenteric artery 15f, 16, 22f
bypass 17, 18f, 19
stenting 23, 24f, 25f
Supra-aortic
occlusion 136
trunk artery 126
disease 130
Suprarenal abdominal aortic occlusion 138f
Suprarenal filter 212f
Surgery
principles of 89
role of 156
Surgical management 130
options of 157t
Swing segment stenosis 104
Synthetic products 34
Systemic arterial diseases 283
T
Tachycardia 147
Takayasu's arteritis 124, 125, 130, 157
Takayasu's disease 124, 126t, 127t, 134, 138, 142
classification of 126, 127t, 129t
signs of 124
symptoms of 124
Taylor's syndrome 54
Tazobactam 234, 240
Teflon felt strips 132
Telangiectasia 28
Tenderness 271
Tetrahydroxyethylrutosides 36
Therapeutic unfractionated heparin 272
Thompson retractors 158
Thoracic aortic aneurysms 183
Thoracic aortic injury 184f
surgery for descending 198
traumatic 190
Thoracic endovascular
aneurysm repair 249
aortic repair 183, 196
graft repair 238
Thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm 131, 132f–134f, 136
Thoracophrenolaparotomy 132
Thrombocytopenia
heparin-induced 272, 274
severe 206
Thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, chronic 210
Thromboembolism 176
Thromboendarterectomy 161
Thrombolysis, catheter-directed 251, 265, 265f
Thrombosis 101
prophylaxis 268, 268t
Thrombotic load, large 25
Thrombus
demonstrate 98
reduction, role of 275
Tibial artery puncture, distal anterior 253f
Tibial vein access, posterior 265f
Tissue
hypoxia 141
infected 239
Tongue arteriovenous malformation 259f
Topical agents 40
Topical antimicrobials 40
Topical continuous oxygen therapy 80
Topical corticosteroids 40
Tortuosity, severe 197
Tracheobronchial tree 194
Transabdominalduplex 58
Transaortic mesenteric endarterectomy 20
Transaortic thromboendarterectomy 157
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement 249
Transcaval approach 259f
Transcutaneous oxygen pressure 68
Transesophageal echocardiography 194, 234
Transforming growth factors 41
Translumbar permcath 262f
Translumbar stent sac puncture 263f
Transmural incorporation 217
Transvaginal duplex
imaging 60f
ultrasound 58
Traumatic aortic injury, classification of 191f
Treponema pallidum 230
Triamcinolone 40
Trihydroxyethylrutosides 36
Triple-lumen central venous catheter 222
U
Ulcer 279
healing 41
nonhealing 283
Ultrahigh-pressure balloon 105
Ultra-pressure angioplasty 107
Ultrasound-guided
compression 178
thrombin injection 179
Uremia 284
Uterine venous reflux 56
V
Varicose veins, extensive 29f
Vascular access 101, 249
failing 118fc
Vascular dialysis access, failing 101
Vascular disease 87
Vasopressors 132
Vein 105
abdominal 59f
autologous saphenous 161
axillary 103f
cephalic arch 109
femoral 28
of lower limbs 60
ovarian 55
perforator 28
popliteal 28
quality of 104
right ovarian 59
varicose 28
Vena cava
inferior 55, 59, 205, 206t, 209, 210, 211, 219, 220f, 268f, 275
retrievable inferior 214t
Vena cava filter 219
and litigations, inferior 221
inferior 205
placement of inferior 207
Venoactive drugs 30, 34t, 45, 62
categories of 31t
individual 33
Venography, catheter-directed 61
Venous disease 42
Venous end stenosis, treatment for 115
Venous insufficiency
incidence of 30
medical management of 28
Venous pathology 57
Venous pressure 102
Venous thromboembolism 206, 209, 211, 267
family history for 269
Venous ulcers 46
types of dressings for 43t
Vertebrae 194
Vessel angioplasty, small 92
Virag technique 92, 92f
Viral fever 125
Visceral embolization 282
Viscerorenal occlusive disease 136
Viscerorenal perfusion 131
Viscerorenal steno-occlusive disease 133
Vitamin K antagonist 6
von Hippel-Lindau syndrome 148
Vulva 56
W
Warfarin 5, 270, 273
Warmth 271
Wound 68, 68t, 69f, 283
assessment 66
chronic 66
debridement 67
healing 283, 284
management 66
X
Xiphopubic incision 158
Y
Yersinia 231
Z
Zinc bandages 40
×
Chapter Notes

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Yearbook of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery-3 2021
Yearbook of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery-3 2021
Editor R Sekhar MS FRCS (Ed) FRCS (Glasg) FVSI Consultant Vascular and Endovascular Services Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital and Medical Research Institute Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Yearbook of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery-3 (2021)
First Edition: 2022
9789390595952
Printed at
All the brave warriors of our medical profession who have made great personal sacrifices and continue to do so in the war against the corona virus.
Contributors Preface
It's a great feeling to be coming out with the Yearbook of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery-3 (2021). There were challenges enroute, with the corona virus pandemic disrupting our well being world over. The Yearbook 2016 and 2018 were very well received both in India and abroad, especially amongst the trainee vascular specialists, who found it to be a very friendly book for exam preparations.
In this edition, we have attempted to deal with some not so commonly understood topics such as pelvic venous reflux, mesenteric ischemia and its management, erectile dysfunction and popliteal vein entrapment without losing sight of common vascular issues of great practical relevance such as pseudoaneurysms and failing dialysis access problems. In addition, we have included some topics which I feel are the need of the hour in third world countries, such as tips on wound care.
I have been personally obliged to have contributions by international stalwarts such as Professors Ayman Fakhry from Egypt, Ramesh Tripathi from Australia, Edwin Stephen from Muscat and Hari Krishna Nair from Malaysia.
The Shri Chitra Tirunal Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, is the ultimate learning center for aortic diseases and I am indebted to Professor Unnikrishnan, an iconic teacher of that institute, and his worthy protégé, the unassumingly brilliant Professor Ajay Savlania from Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, India, for their contribution. Also, Professor Pinjala's insights into anticoagulation are a revelation as expected. Thanks also to my IR colleague Dr Sheorain from Medanta Hospital, New Delhi, for showcasing his amazing skills.
In this edition, we have some excellent contributions from some of the rising stars in the field of vascular work, from overseas as well, many of whom I have had the privilege to train or be associated with in various academic ventures. Their insights assure us that the future of vascular disease management is in safe and secure hands in the years to come.
I am indebted to Mrs Tina Ambani, Chairperson, Dr Santosh Shetty CEO & ED and all the members of the management of Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital where I have had the privilege to be working in what best can be described as a dream environment for professional as well as academic pursuits.
I am super thankful to all my registrars and trainees past and present, who have always been the stimulus for my academic pursuits.
Finally, I am grateful for the blessings and goodwill from all my teachers, past and present, solely because of which I have achieved whatever I have achieved professional.
R Sekhar
Acknowledgments
I am thankful to Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Managing Director), Mr MS Mani (Group President), Ms Chetna Malhotra Vohra (Associate Director–Content Strategy) and Ms Pooja Bhandari (Production Head), Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, for their untiring efforts in bringing out this book despite the challenges they faced in the face of the pandemic.
Many thanks to my family, who as usual, have been silently but steadfastly supportive of my professional and academic pursuits.