100+ Clinical Cases in Pediatrics R Arvind
INDEX
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, and t refer to table.
A
Abdomen 561, 599
distension of 159, 189, 262
plain X-ray 177
X-ray of 160
ABO incompatibility 227
Abortion, spontaneous 423
Abscess
formation 85
hepatic 185
metaphyseal 477
multiple 185
periannular extension of 99
peritonsillar 44
retropharyngeal 497
ruptures 477
subphrenic 187
Absolute eosinophil counts 19
Acellular pertussis 516
Acellular vaccines 514
Acetabular dysplasia 689
Acetabular fossa 564
Acetabular index 689
Acetabulum 687
Acetazolamide 332
Achalasia 198
Achondroplasia 717
Acid-base
balance 576
homeostasis 576, 585
status 133
Acid-fast bacilli 492, 695
special staining for 76
Acidosis 131, 191, 538, 551
correction of 24, 396
metabolic 137, 192, 378, 434, 527
Acne 413, 717
Acoustic reflectometry 53
Acrodermatitis enteropathica 717
Acrodynia 616
Actinomycin D 661, 662
Activated partial thromboplastin time 210
Activated prothrombin complex concentrates 213
Acute respiratory distress syndrome 460
Acyclovir 456, 510
intravenous 444
Adalimumab 684
Adenoid facies 717
Adenoma, pituitary 386
Adenosine monophosphate 512
Adenovirus 31, 62, 109, 455
Adrenal androgen production, disorders of 370
Adrenal enzyme defects 378t
Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital 369, 370, 372, 374, 375, 377f, 378t, 405, 409, 412, 415
Adrenal insufficiency 151, 377, 538
signs of 377
Adrenoleukodystrophy 717
Adriamycin 626, 627, 634, 651
Aedes aegypti 434
Aedes africanus 419
Air hunger 44
Airway
management 497
obstruction, severe 454
Alanine aminotransferase 170, 186, 595
Albinism 717
Albumin 526, 547, 598
infusion 551
Albuminemia 290
Albuminuria 303
Algid malaria 717
Alicylate index 549
Alkalemia 585
Alkaline phosphatase 187, 606, 611
Alkalosis, metabolic 131, 577
Allergy tests 19, 58
Alpha-antitrypsin deficiency 31
Alport's syndrome 717
Amebiasis 187
Amebic liver abscess 186
treatment of 188
Amenorrhea 14, 204, 421
Amikacin 81, 84, 100
Amiloride 295
Amino acid imbalances 598
Amino aciduria 611
Amino glycosides 63, 64, 84
Aminophylline, role of 24
Aminotransferases 187
Amniocentesis 6, 547
Amniotic fluid 517
Amoxicillin 55, 56, 63, 84, 304, 504
Ampicillin 63, 84, 100, 103, 505, 516
Anagrelide 247
Anakinra 684
Anaphylactoid purpura 182, 220, 276, 282
Anaplasia
diffuse 662
focal 662
Androgen
endogenous 369
insensitivity 370
treatment 417
Anemia 98, 99, 115, 120, 187, 227, 258, 282, 423, 450, 602, 615, 623, 631, 633, 679, 683, 717
aplastic 172
correction of 121
dimorphic 615
microangiopathic 726
microangiopathic-microcytic 281
microcytic hypochromic 240, 242, 266
onset of 240
severe 228, 460, 503, 631
progressive 265
Angiocardiography 120, 126
Angioedema, acute 44
Angiomatous lesion 569
Aniridia 371, 659, 660
Anisocytosis 717
Ankle jerks 326
Ankyloglossia 558
Anomalous auricles 3
Anopheles mosquito 458
Anorectal manometry 177
Anorexia 32, 53, 144, 171, 172, 186, 241, 467, 472, 486, 598
Anoxic brain damage 515
Anoxic spell 119, 120, 718
Anthropometric measurements 414, 500
Antibiotic 45, 145, 146, 223, 306, 306t, 492, 589
choice of 49, 63t
intravenous 493
Antibiotic therapy 56, 100, 187, 360, 479, 481, 504, 515, 671
duration of 493
specific 362
Antibody 394, 437
antineural 115
antinuclear 679, 718
maternal 472
monoclonal 698
tests 449
Anticholinergics 23
Anticonvulsant therapy 536
Antiepileptic drug 322-334
enzyme-inducing 334
Antigen detection test 504
Anti-inflammatory
agents 671
therapy 671
Anti-müllerian hormone 369
Antileprosy therapy 700
Antimicrobial therapy 187
Antiplatelet antibodies, removal of 235
Antipyretics 488
Antireflux 168
Antisecretory drugs 139
Antisickling agents 261
Antispasticity drugs 322
Antistaphylococcal agent 492
Antistreptolysin O 275, 666
Antitrypsin deficiency 205
Antitubercular treatment 81
Antituberculous drugs 84
Antiviral drugs 444, 510
Antiviral prophylaxis 451
Anus 563
Aorta, coarctation of 14, 91, 92
Aortic aneurysm 704
Aortic regurgitation, severe 706
Aortic root 704
dilation 706
Aortic surgery 706
Aortopulmonary septal defect 107
Apert syndrome 149
Apgar score 521, 718
Aphasia 310
Aphonia 44
Aplastic crisis 228, 257, 718
Apnea 38, 191, 514, 515, 578
Apneic spell 39, 718
Appendicitis 141, 142
chronic 146
Appetite, loss of 66, 184, 357, 621
Apt test 217
Aqueous crystalline penicillin G 431
Aqueous vasopressin 391
Arachnodactyly 703
Arachnoid villi 346
Arginine vasopressin 387
Arnold-Chiari malformation 718
Aromatase deficiency 369
Arrhenoblastoma 370
Arrhythmia 265
cardiac 498
development 99
Artemether-lumefantrine 464
Arterial blood gas 21, 65
Arterial thrombosis 308
Arteriovenous malformation 308, 311, 349
Arthralgia 223, 426, 434, 666
Arthritis 205, 221-223, 420, 426, 616, 666, 667, 678
asymmetric 679
chronic erosive 685
development of 680
juvenile 678
idiopathic 490, 677, 684
oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic 679
pyogenic 489, 491
reactive 490
systemic juvenile idiopathic 680
Arthrogryposis multiplex 718
congenita 714
Arthroscopic lavage 493
Arthrotomy 489
Arthus reactions 499
Articular cartilage 493
margins of 678
Ascaris 570
Ascites 85, 202
Ascorbic acid 614
Aspartate aminotransferase 186, 419
Aspartate transaminase 258
Aspergillosis, allergic bronchopulmonary 31
Asphyxia 314, 580
causes of 518, 519
control of 551
pathophysiology of 518
Aspiration 20, 493
pneumonia 164, 197
pneumonitis 156
Aspirin 247, 683
Asplenia 251
Asthma 31, 64
acute exacerbation of 21t
chronic 164
classification of 27t
mild episodic 27
mild persistent 27
moderate persistent 27
Ataxia 315, 424, 509
telangiectasia 319, 629, 630, 718
Ataxic cerebral palsy 318
Atelectasis 513, 515, 581
Atelectatic theory 32
Athetosis 548, 718
Atovaquone-proguanil 464
Atresia, esophageal 3, 154, 196, 197, 722
Atrial septal defect 3, 86, 87, 110, 117
Atropine 526
Attack
acute 339
secondary 466
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder 5
Auditory abnormalities 548
Auerbach's plexuses 175
Autism 424
Azathioprine 235
Azithromycin 55, 64, 671
Azoospermia 11
Azotemia 276, 718
B
Babinski's sign 718
Baby mass index 718
Bacillus subtilis 97
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin
adenitis 82
test 78, 718
vaccination 698
Backache, severe 248
Baclofen 498
Bacteremia 96, 100, 252, 355
persistent 99
Bacteria 130, 185, 489
intestinal 543
Bacterial disease 509
Bacterial endocarditis, subacute 273
Bacteriuria, asymptomatic 301
Bacteroides fragilis 185
Bag and mask 522
ventilation 524
Ballard method, maturity rating 555b
Balloon angioplasty 93
Barbiturates 529
Bariatric surgery 595
Barium
enema 177
study 150
swallow 93, 165, 166
Barlow's test 688, 718
Barrett esophagus 166
Bartonella henselae 476
Bartter syndrome 718
Becker muscular dystrophy 325
Beckwith's syndrome 558, 718
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome 539, 641, 659
Behavior, change in 404
Bell's palsy 557f
Benzathine penicillin 671, 672
Benzodiazepines 340, 536
Benzthiazide 539
Berger's disease 222
Beriberi 718
Beta-2 agonists 22
Beta-blockers 706
Beta-lactamase inhibitors 84
Betamethasone 516
administration of 591
Beta-thalassemia major 263
Bile duct atresia 3
Bilevel positive airway pressure 320
Bilious vomiting 161
Bilirubin
albumin complex 543
conjugated 542
encephalopathy 549
risk of 547
metabolism 542
Biochemistry 282
Biopsy 85, 166, 177, 640
prechemotherapy 644
specimens 698
subtle 166
Birth asphyxia 517, 518
Birth trauma 558
Bisphosphonates 710, 712
Black water fever 459, 460, 719
Bladder
incontinence 365
neurogenic 366
paralysis 486
Blalock-Taussig shunt 121, 122
Blast cells 629
Bleeding 229
diathesis 578
gastrointestinal 217
gum 615f
intracranial 210
prevention of 211
severity of 213
site of 213
subarachnoid 529
tendencies 632
types of 210
Bleomycin 626, 651
Blindness 430
Blood 384
brain barrier 548, 549
culture 63, 98, 187, 503
positive results of 191
disorders 572
examination 290
glucose, monitor 396
stream invasion 355
studies 338
tests 303
urea nitrogen 65, 572, 660, 684
Blood loss 238, 242
chronic 240
Blood pressure 42, 50, 289, 465, 571, 664
diastolic 525
low 192
maintenance of 397
Blood transfusion 78
role of 260
Bloom's syndrome 630, 719
Blueberry muffin lesions 423
Blue-gray sclera 708
Blunt trauma 185
Body
iron 238
mass index 592
sudden cooling of 518
Bone
age 411
aspiration and biopsy 479
cells 708
deformities 606
deformities of 609
lucencies 423
pain 650
structure, permanent loss of 481
Bone marrow 232, 246, 261, 631
aspiration 625, 643
dysfunction 459
examination 232, 241
indications for 633
failure 631
hypercellular 266
transplantation 259, 270, 637, 646
Borderline leprosy 695
Bordetella 512
parapertussis 512
pertussis 511
Borrelia burgdorferi 359
Botulinum toxins 495
Bow legs 609f
Bowel perforation 223
Bowel sounds 155, 189, 452
Bradycardia 502, 533
Brain
abnormalities 388
abscess 120
dysplasia of 4
magnetic resonance imaging of 276
maldevelopment of 314
Brainstem auditory pathways 547
Branchial cyst 560f
Breast 554
bilateral enlargement of 9
engorgement 561f
milk 216, 707
jaundice 542, 544, 545
Breastfeeding 129, 135, 299
Breath
nitric oxide 19
shortness of 110
sounds 60
Breathing
acidotic 131
difficulty in 42
periodic 39, 728
Breathlessness 16, 36, 59, 91, 116, 153, 189, 244
Brittle bone disease 707
Brodie abscesses 478
Bronchial asthma 16, 17, 39, 44
acute attack of 22t
long-term management of 26
Bronchiectasis 30, 31, 85
acquire 32
congenital 31
Bronchiolar obstruction 38
Bronchiolitis 20, 36, 37, 39, 41
obliterans 41
Bronchitis 504
Bronchoalveolar lavage 76
Bronchodilator therapy 24
Bronchopleural fistula 719
Bronchopneumonia 44, 60, 515
Bronchopulmonary infection, recurrent 164
Bronchoscopy 33, 76
flexible 34
Bronze baby syndrome 550
Brushfield's spots 4f, 719
Buccal muscles 495
Bulk disease 651
Bulky nodal disease 625
Bullous impetigo 719
Bumetanide 295
Buphthalmos 719
Burkitt's lymphoma 453, 460
Burning micturition 300
Burr cells 719
Butyrates 270
C
Cafe-au-lait 719
Calcaneovalgus feet 715
Calcitriol 612
Calcium 294, 576, 596
Campylobacter jejuni 130, 342
Canakinumab 684
Candida
albicans 298
arthritis 489
Cannon ball appearance 650
Capreomycin 84
Caput succedaneum 557f, 719
Carbamazepine 332, 333
Carbenicillin 100
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 351
Carboplatin 656, 662
Carboxyhemoglobin 542
Cardiac catheterization 106, 120, 126
Cardiac defects, congenital 7
Cardiac disease 668
Cardiac failure 39
congestive 61, 93, 106, 127, 261, 290, 668, 674
Cardiac murmur 98
Cardiac tamponade 112, 113
Cardiobacterium hominis 96
Cardioesophageal junction 572
Cardiomyopathy 258, 326
Cardiopulmonary system 247
Cardiorespiratory monitoring 498
Cardiovascular defects 245
Cardiovascular lesions 154
Cardiovascular support 574
Cardiovascular system 42, 86, 94, 108, 116, 284, 553, 561, 572, 704
Carditis 667, 668
clinical features of 668
Carey Coombs’ murmur 719
Caries 719
Carpenter syndrome 719
Cartilage-hair hyperplasia 175
Cat scratch disease 476
Cataract 421, 423, 424f, 558, 655, 660, 705
congenital 4, 7
tissue 425
Catarrhal stage 513
Catecholamines, catabolism of 643
Caustic injury 196
Cefalexin 304, 306
Cefazolin 100, 480
Cefdinir 56
Cefixime 304, 505
Cefotaxime 63, 64, 304, 505
Cefpodoxime 56
Cefprozil 304
Ceftazidime 304
Ceftriaxone 55, 63, 64, 304, 505
Cefuroxime 55, 56, 63, 64, 304
Celiac disease 237
Cell
membrane 665
wall carbohydrate 666
Cellular damage 550
Cellulitic phase 481
Cellulitis 719
Central nervous system 73, 115, 154, 203, 223, 251, 354, 406, 430, 448, 472, 482, 495, 529, 572, 583, 705
disorders 406
examination 328
involvement 203
mass 406
problems 4
prophylaxis 634
tuberculosis 73
Cephalexin 480
Cephalic tetanus 496, 498
Cephalohematoma 545, 557f
aspiration of 552
hemolytic disease 544
Cephalosporins 100, 505
Cerebellar ataxia 509
Cerebellar dysfunction 460, 464
Cerebellitis 509
Cerebral abscess 308
Cerebral atrophy 315
Cerebral embolism 308
Cerebral gangliosides 495
Cerebral hemiatrophy 312
Cerebral hemihypertrophy 309, 310
Cerebral hemorrhage 256
Cerebral infarction 256
Cerebral malaria 458f, 460, 463, 464
Cerebral palsy 313, 314, 316f, 317, 318, 498
classification of 315
dyskinetic 317
risk factors for 314t
Cerebral porencephaly 309, 310
Cerebrospinal fluid 73, 133, 338, 343, 346, 350, 358, 424, 429, 466, 472, 483, 497, 508, 654
circulation, physiology of 346
examination 133, 357
Cerebrovascular disorders 308
Cerebrovascular occlusive disease 308
Cervic sign 150
Cervical
lymphadenitis 44
lymphadenopathy 445
masses 559
vertebrae 478
Cesarean section 580
lower segment 313, 345
Cetpodoxime 304
Chelation therapy 268
Chemoprophylaxis 516
primary 84
secondary 84
Chemosis 720
Chemotherapy 81, 651, 656
agents 626
consolidation 634
cycles of 625
induction 635
intrathecal 635
maintenance 635
multiagent 620
neoadjuvant 651
postsurgical 651
prenephrectomy 662
Cherry red spot 720
Chest 559
compression 525
deformity, anterior 704
infection 127
pain 32, 46, 111
radiograph of 34, 40, 106, 112, 119, 156
syndrome, acute 253, 255
tightness 509
tubes 49
ultrasound 48, 49
X-ray 19, 49, 125, 156, 187, 276
abnormal 60
Cheyne-Stokes
breathing 720
respiration 460
Chiari malformation 347, 366
Chickenpox 440, 441
gestational 507
Chikungunya 418, 420
virus 419
Chills 171, 300, 301, 457
Chlamydia 60, 513
Chloramphenicol 63
Chloroma 631, 631f, 720
Chloroquine 463, 464
Chlorpromazine 498, 671
Chlorpropamide 539
Cholestatic syndrome 204
Cholesteatoma 54, 720
Cholesterol metabolism 614
Chordae tendineae 704
Chorea 114, 115, 669, 720
Choreiform 548
Choreoathetosis 720
Chorionic villus
biopsy 675
sampling 6, 327
Chorioretinitis 430, 545
Choroid plexus papilloma 347
Choroid tubercles 73
Choroidal coloboma 655
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 31
Ciliary dyskinesia
pulmonary 31
rimary 32
Ciprofloxacin 81, 145
Cirrhosis 75, 172
cryptogenic 202
disease 466
primary biliary 204
Cisplatin 645, 651
Citrate
agar electrophoresis 259
phosphate-dextrose 212
Clarithromycin 64, 84, 516, 671, 699
Clavicle, palpation of 559
Clavulanate 55, 56, 304
Clavulanic acid 84
Cleft lip 559f
Clinodactyly 720
Clitoral hypertrophy 369
Clobazam 332
Clofazimine 699, 700
Clonazepam 332
Clostridia septicemia 227
Clostridium
difficile 176, 177
perfringens 190
tetani 495
Clotrimazole 636
Cloxacillin 100
Clubfoot 713
Clutton's joint 720
Coagulation 282
profile 258
tests 358
Co-amoxiclav 63, 64
Coats’ disease 654
Codman's triangle 650
Coeur-en-sabot 720
Cold 36, 42, 86, 123, 195, 224, 229, 278, 328, 336
abscess 85
agglutination disease 225
chain 720
extremities 436
Collagen 708
disorders 75
Colobomas 558
Coma 469
Combination antiretroviral therapy 446
Communicable disease 465
Communication disorders 318
Complete blood
cell 62
count 62, 217
Complex cardiac disease 312
Computed tomography 77, 156, 350
scan 34, 44, 48, 49, 78, 144, 161, 210, 256
abdominal 182
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 369, 370, 372, 374, 375, 377f, 378t, 405, 409, 412, 415
nonclassic 376
salt-wasting 376
simple virilizing 376
surgical treatment 380
treatment 379
Congenital rubella 421, 423, 424, 424f, 425
complication of 424
syndrome 422, 424
Congenital syphilis 14, 427-429
clinical signs of 428
diagnosis of 430
stigmata of 431
Conjunctivitis, phylctenular 68
Conn syndrome 720
Connective tissues, formation of 614
Consciousness, loss of 119
Constipation 174, 318, 320
episodes of 176
Contact dermatitis 444
Continuous positive airway pressure 41, 320, 587
Conventional repair surgery 122
Convulsion 119, 247, 275, 337
generalized 338
neonatal 534
presentations of 532
Cooley's anemia 265
Coombs’ test 224-226, 232
negative 227, 282
Cope's maneuver 183
Copper 201
Cord
clamping of 518, 520
compression 518
Corneal clouding 675f
Cornelia-de-Lange syndrome 149
Coronary perfusion pressure 525
Cortical sensory deficits 318
Cortical vein thrombosis 140
Corticosteroid 23, 24, 28, 80, 235, 362, 455, 516, 540, 683
drops 444
injection 685
therapy 291t
Cortisol deficiency 379
Cortisol levels 385
Cotrimaxazole 306, 602
therapy 451
Cough 16, 30, 32, 36, 46, 50, 59-61, 66, 86, 123, 165, 195, 197, 224, 229, 278, 328, 336, 509
episodes of 511
irritating 513
paroxysm of 513
rhinorrhea, acute onset of 39
Counter immunoelectrophoresis 63, 358
Coxa valga 675
Coxa vara 720
Coxiella burnetii 97
Coxsackievirus 109, 474
Cranial nerve
examination of 565
nuclei 483
palsies 430, 631, 637
Craniopharyngioma 406
Craniotabes 607, 720
C-reactive protein 62, 419, 478, 489, 624, 670, 680
Creatine phosphokinase 324
Creatinine 611
Crigler-Najjar syndrome 542, 720
Crisis
abdominal 255
adrenal 375
anoxic 718
hyperhemolytic 251
Crohn's disease 145, 720
Croup 42, 43
Crouzon syndrome 720
Cryotherapy 655
Cryptococcal meningitis 359
Cryptococcus isospora 448
Cryptorchidism 415, 720
Cryptosporidium 130, 448
Cubitus valgus 720
Cushing's syndrome 382, 408
signs of 383
Cutaneous lesions 696, 696f
Cyanosis 20, 39, 40, 125, 197, 494, 582, 707
causes of 583
deepening of 118
sudden onset of 118
Cyanotic spells 119
Cyclophosphamide 235, 293, 626, 627, 645, 651
Cyclosporine 235, 294
Cyst 176
subarachnoid 406
Cystic fibrosis 20, 31, 64, 180, 514
Cystic hygroma 560f
Cysticercosis 720
Cystinosis 720
Cystinuria 721
Cystitis 301
acute 305
Cytokine storm 682
Cytomegalovirus 62, 172, 213, 273, 314, 342, 422, 440, 454, 455, 474, 531
infection 431, 633
Cytopenia 450, 634
Cytosine arabinoside 626
Cytotoxic agents 684
D
Dacarbazine 626
Dacryoadenitis 721
Dactylitis 252, 253f
Danazol 235
Dandy-Walker syndrome 347, 721
Dantrolene 498
Dapsone 699
Darting tongue 721
Daunorubicin 636
De Musset's sign 721
Deafness, high-tone 463
Deciduous tooth 213
Deferiprone 268
Deferoxamine 261, 268
Deformity, correction of 712
Dehydration 61, 62, 131-133, 135, 135t, 139, 151, 301, 601
assessment of 132, 601
clinical signs of 133t
features of 132t
moderate 418, 433, 452, 482
to severe 40
severe 136t
signs of 47
Dehydroepiandrosterone 375, 407
sulfate 407
Delinquency 721
Dendritic cells 677
Dengue
diagnosis of 437
severe 438
shock syndrome 434-436, 438
viruses 434
Dengue fever 433, 434
treatment of uncomplicated 437
Dengue hemorrhagic fever 434, 436, 438, 439
clinical diagnosis of 435
management of 438
Dengue infection
acute 436
secondary 436, 437
Dentigerous cyst 675
Deoxyribonucleic acid 430, 446, 453, 618
Depot testosterone 417
Deprivation test 390
Dermal icterus 543
Dermatitis, atopic 444
Dermatomyositis 327, 721
Desmopressin 390
Dexamethasone 591, 626
suppression testing 385
Diabetes insipidus 387-389
central 388, 391
nephrogenic 389, 392
neurogenic 392
Diabetes mellitus 265, 388, 393, 395
development of 473
diagnosis of 394
insulin-dependent 394
noninsulin-dependent 394
Diamond-Blackfan anemia 630
Diaphragm 40
Diarrhea 129, 131-133, 139, 176, 281, 504
acute 129
watery 129
chronic 71, 598, 601
complications of 139
disease 614
drugs therapy in 137
inflammatory 130
intermediate 129
malabsorption 130
management of 603
motility 130
osmotic 130
persistent 139
prolongation of 139
secretory 130
severe 504
Diarylquinoline 699
Diastasis recti 561f
Diastolic murmur 702
Diazepam 497, 535, 536
Diazoxide therapy 540
Diclofenac 683
DiGeorge syndrome 534, 721
Digoxin, cardiac toxicity of 671
Dihydrotestosterone 369
Dimercaptosuccinic acid 301, 304
Diphtheroids 97
Diplegia 318
Dipstick tests 302
Direct antiglobulin test 226
Direct fluorescent antibody 39, 443
Direct radionuclide cystourethrogram 304
Disseminated intravascular coagulation 140, 191, 192, 215, 281, 282, 721
Diuretics 295
Dolichocephaly 704, 721
Dolichostenomelia 704
Doll's eye response 721
Double collecting system 14
Double-bubble sign 161, 721
Double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid 170
Down's syndrome 1-3, 3f, 4, 5, 7, 164, 402, 556, 558, 629, 630
diagnostic features of 2
Doxapram 578
Doxorubicin 626, 645, 651, 662
Droperidol 26
Drowsiness 131
Drugs
toxicities 451
use of 525
Dry mucus membrane 131
Dubin-Johnson syndrome 721
Duchenne muscular dystrophy 324, 325, 721
Duchenne-Erb paralysis 559
Ductus arteriosus 105
Duhamel's pull-through, modified 178
Duke criteria 99
Duodenal atresia 7, 155, 159, 160
X-ray of 161f
Duodenal obstruction, congenital 159
Duodenal stenosis 151, 721
Duplication cysts 160
Duroziez's sign 721
Dysarthria 204
Dyschromia, nutritional 699
Dyselectrolytemia 139
Dysentery 129
Dysgerminomas 407
Dyskinesia, ciliary 64
Dyslipidemia 295, 450
Dysostosis multiplex 721
Dysphagia, oropharyngeal 318
Dysphoria 463, 721
Dysplasia 687
bronchopulmonary 589
developmental 687
multiple fibrous 405
Dysplastic pinnae 5
Dyspnea 44, 60, 69, 118, 509
Dysrhythmias 127
Dystonia 204, 721
medications for 322
Dysuria 300
E
Ear 55, 554, 558
Ebstein anomaly 722
Ecchymosis 232, 722
Echinococcus granulosus 185
Echocardiography 93, 106, 120, 126
two-dimensional 89, 99
Eclampsia 571
Ectopia lentis 704
Ectopic testes 415
Eczema 722
Edema 202, 272, 274, 286, 289, 295, 296, 707
acute pulmonary 275
angioneurotic 276, 290, 601
generalized 131, 287f, 597
presternal 472
pulmonary 460, 581
subglottic 44
Edward's syndrome 722
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 705, 722
Eikenella corrodens 96
Eisenmenger syndrome 125, 722
Ejaculatory duct 415
Ejection systolic murmur 89
Electrocardiogram 89, 112, 402
Electroencephalogram 319, 338
Electrolyte 65, 574, 611
abnormalities 575
disturbance, management of 136
equilibrium 486
imbalance, correction of 602
Electromyogram 327
Electron microscopy 202
Embolic phenomena 98
Emphysema 513
Empyema 46, 47, 48
subdural 361
Encephalitis 443, 510
Encephalocele 365, 722
Encephalomyelitis 485
Encephalopathy
acute bilirubin 547
hepatic 205
hypertensive 275
hypoxic ischemic 314, 530, 725
neonatal 529
signs of 529
syndrome 275
End-expiratory lung volume 585
Endocarditis 100, 668
culture-negative 97
fungal 102
infective 94-96, 120, 127
nonbacterial thrombotic 96
prophylaxis 706
Endocrine, management for 413
Endocytosis 495
Endogenous erythroid colonies growth 246
Endoluminal techniques 168
Endoscopy 166
Endothelial cell 434, 677
tropism 422
Endotoxin 489
Endotracheal tube 524
location for 524
End-tidal carbon monoxide 542
Enophthalmos 704
Enoxacin 84
Entamoeba histolytica 130, 132, 186
Enteral feeding 576
Enterocolitis 182
Enterohepatic circulation 542
Enteroviruses 109, 483
Enthesitis 679
Enuresis 722
Enzyme immunoassay 449, 473
test 503
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 40, 77, 241, 358, 419, 514
Epidermolysis bullosa 722
Epigastrium 433
Epiglottitis 44
Epilepsy 318, 328, 329, 333t
idiopathic 329, 334
imaging in 331
juvenile myoclonic 331
partial childhood 334
surgery 334
Epinephrine 526, 540
Epiphyseal cartilage 491
Epiphyseal dysgenesis 401
Epipodophyllotoxins 629
Epistaxis 213
Epithelial cell 272, 423
Epithelium
esophageal 164
pigment 423
Epsilon-aminocaproic acid 214
Epstein-Barr virus 172, 230, 273, 440, 453
infections 630
Erb's palsy 560f
Erythema 191, 488, 490, 647
infectiosum 722
local 649
marginatum 669, 722
measurement of 78
multiforme 722
necroticans 697
nodosum 68, 697
leprosum 697, 700
progression of 509
toxicum 569, 722
Erythrocytapheresis, automated 260
Erythrocyte 542
plasmodium-infected 458
sedimentation rate 33, 47, 62, 99, 236, 478, 489, 670
Erythrocytic schizogomy 458
Erythrocytic schizont 458
Erythromycin 64, 516, 671, 672
Erythropoiesis 239, 458, 722
Erythropoietic tissue, hypertrophy of 264
Escherichia coli 130, 145, 190, 192, 298, 354, 361, 476
Esophagitis 165
eosinophilic 196
Esophagus, biopsy of 166
Estrogenic influence, evidence of 406
Ethambutol 80, 81
Ethionamide 81
Ethosuximide 332
Etoposide 626, 645
Eustachian tube 51
dysfunction 51
Ewing's sarcoma 617-620, 640, 650
Ewing's tumor 618, 619
treatment of 620
Exacerbations, acute 20
Exanthema, childhood 442
Excessive adrenal androgen 370
Excessive oral secretion 197
Exchange transfusion 551
complications of 551
indications of 551b
technique 551
Excretory urogram 303, 640
Exostosis 722
Expiratory lung volume 586
External genitalia, normal 11
Extracellular matrix 703
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 156, 157
Extragonadal germ cell tumor 11
Extremities 564
Extubation 590
Eye 558, 572
deviations 532
yellowish color of 200
Eyelid edema 454
F
Face, swelling of 91
Facial hair 11
Facial oxygen 522
Facial palsy 54, 54f
Failure to thrive 127, 164, 177, 722
Fallopian tube 369, 373
Fallot's tetralogy 723
Familial cortisol resistance syndrome 407
Fanconi's anemia 630, 723
Fanconi's syndrome 205
Fatigue 20, 171, 221, 227, 240
duration of 455
Febrile convulsions 336
Febrile infections, acute 305
Feeding 133
difficulties 576
intolerance 191
Felty syndrome 680
Femoral head, avascular necrosis of 254
Ferriprox 268
Fetal alcohol syndrome 640
Fetal anoxia 314
Fetal cells 5
Fetal hemoglobin 266
Fetal lungs 518
Fetal luteinizing hormone 371
Fetal tests 5
Fetal umbilical blood sampling 5
Fever 36, 42, 46, 59, 66, 86, 94, 110, 123, 128, 141, 169, 171, 184, 195, 229, 252, 276, 297, 300, 301, 307, 328, 336, 353, 484, 500, 683
fulminating course of 44
persistent 98
Fiberoptic endoscopy 161
Fibroblasts 677
Fibroelastosis, endocardial 722
Fibrosis
chronic 85
endomyocardial 460
Filariasis 290
Fine end-inspiratory crackles 39
Fine-needle aspiration cytology 78
Fingers, clubbing of 32, 32f
Fistula, bronchoscopy detects orifice of 198
Fite-Faraco stain 698
Flaccid paralysis 498
Flag sign 600, 600f, 723
Flat cornea 704
Flexner-Wintersteiner rosettes 653
Floppy 116, 723
Fluid 133, 135
and electrolyte 575
balance 586
therapy 391, 396
types of 438
Fluorescent antibody 443
Fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption 698
Fluoroquinolones 699
Folate coenzymes 364
Follicle-stimulating hormone 408
Fontanelle, anterior 605
Food, regurgitation of 165
Foramen ovale 87
Fosphenytoin 535
Foster Kennedy syndrome 723
Foul smelling sputum 32
Fragility, osmotic 227
Frank dislocation 686
Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin 241
Fresh frozen plasma 212
Friedreich's ataxia 640, 723
Fröhlich's syndrome 595, 723
Frusemide 295
Fungemia 99
Fungi 97
Furunculosis 723
G
Gabapentin 332
Gait 324
disturbances 310
Galactorrhea 401
Galactosemia 538
Galeazzi sign 688, 689
Gallium scan 625
Gallop rhythm 723
Gallstone 227
formation 258
pigmentary 227
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 495
Gamma-globulin levels 424
Gamma-glutamyl transferase 187
Gamma-herpesvirus 453
Ganciclovir 456
Ganglia 442
Ganglion cells 148, 640
Ganglioneuroblastoma 640
Ganglioneuroma 640, 646
Gangrene 183
Gastric inhibitory peptide 593
Gastric lavage 76
Gastric peristalsis 148f, 161
Gastric ulceration 498
Gastroenteritis 128, 180
acute 128
eosinophilic 149
Gastroesophageal reflux 151, 162, 163, 167, 196, 198, 318
disease 64, 151, 156, 162, 199
Gastrointestinal system 572
Gastrointestinal tract 237, 575
anomalies of 3, 5
full thickness necrosis of 194
Gastroplication techniques 168
Gene manipulations 270
Genetic disorders, group of 707
Genetic predisposition syndromes 660
Genetic studies 379
Genetic testing 319
Genital ambiguity 416, 417f
cause of 370
Genitalia 563
abnormal 369f
ambiguous 368, 369f, 371, 564
external 369, 370, 554
Genitourinary abnormalities 659, 660
Gentamicin 100, 304
intraventricular administration of 360
Genu valgum 594, 609f
Genu varum 610f
Germ cells 653
Germinal cell maturation 407
Germinomas 388
Germline mutations 648
Gestational age 190, 555
assessment 554, 554t
evaluation of 573
large for 539
Gianotti-Crosti syndrome 454
Giant cells 466, 507
Giardia 448
lamblia 130
Giardiasis 237
Gigantism 723
Gilbert syndrome 542
Gingival hypertrophy 615f
Gland
adrenal 614
pituitary 594
Glaucoma 654, 705
congenital 423, 430
infantile 423
Gliosis 723
Globin chain electrophoresis 259
Glomerular filtration rate 272
Glomerulonephritis 99, 290, 455
acute 91, 272, 276, 277, 282
postinfectious 272
poststreptococcal 271
membranoproliferative 273
poststreptococcal 272
Glomerulosclerosis, focal segmental 285, 289, 292
Glossitis 600f
Glucagon 540
Glucocorticoid 296, 362, 379, 385
antenatal 591
treatment 379
Glucose 134, 526, 576
concentration 358
tolerance test 385, 537
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 225
deficiency 545
testing for 545
Glucuronic acid, conjugation with 542
Glutamic acid decarboxylase 394
Glycine substitutions 708
Glycosaminoglycans, uexcretion of 675
Glycosuria 611
Goiter 14
Goldberg-Shprintzen syndrome 175
Gonadal dysgenesis 369
Gonadal function 369
Gonadal response, screen for 372
Gonadotropic stimulation, evidence of 406
Gonadotropin 11, 409
deficiency 413
endogenous 415
pituitary 380, 407
releasing hormone 376, 406
therapy 417
Goodpasture syndrome 223
Gower's sign 325, 325f, 326, 723
Graf technique 689
Graft versus host disease 270
Gram staining 63, 358
Granulation tissue 72
Granuloma
eosinophilic 620
inflammatory 308
Granulomatous disease, chronic 64
Granulomatous disorders 699
Grasp reflex 723
Graves’ disease 723
Greenstick fracture 723
Grey-Turner's sign 723
Growth 296, 723
hormone 712
retardation 240
Guillain-Barré syndrome 341-343, 454, 473, 485, 723
treatment of 344
Gum hypertrophy 615f
Guthrie's test 723
Gynecomastia 11, 723
H
Haemophilus
aphrophilus 96
infection, treatment of 64
influenza 47, 51, 62, 228, 252, 342, 354, 448, 469, 476, 489, 490
pneumonia 62
Halofantrine 464
Haloperidol 671
Hamartoma 406
functions 406
hypothalamic 410
Hamstring contracture 318
Hand-foot syndrome 254, 258
Harrison's groove 724
Harrison's sulcus 608f
Headache 91-93, 171, 278, 310, 328, 341, 457, 484, 500
Hearing assessment 7, 712
Hearing defects 4
Hearing impairment 577
Hearing loss 53, 424, 548
diagnosis of 577
Hearing problems 318
Heart
block 99
defects, congenital 5
hyperactive 127
valve 666
Heart disease 276, 308
congenital 3, 37, 117, 423
Heart failure 93
acute 110
congestive 39, 99, 602
Heinz bodies 258
Helicobacter pylori 230, 237, 342
Hemagglutination inhibition, estimation of 425
Hemagglutinin 37, 472
Hemangioma 724
capillary 719
subcutaneous 569
Hemarthrosis 209f, 211, 213, 724
Hematemesis 217
Hematological disorders 578
Hematoma
chronic subdural 351, 557
subdural 529
Hematopoietic stem cell 261
transplantation 261, 269, 656
Hematuria 98, 214, 272, 275, 289, 290, 301, 303, 615
Hemianopia, bitemporal 719
Hemianopsia 724
Hemiparesis 309, 724
Hemiplegia 120, 430
acute 307
Hemochromatosis 724
Hemoglobin 217, 249, 445, 595
Hemoglobinuria, paroxysmal nocturnal 630
Hemolysis 250
copper-induced 205
Hemolytic anemia 202, 282
congenital 225
Coombs’-negative 203
isoimmune 227
Hemolytic disease 544, 546
Hemolytic uremic syndrome 140, 276, 278-280, 724
pathogenesis of 280
Hemophilia 180, 207, 208
A 208, 213, 214
B 208, 213, 214
types of 208
Hemopoiesis 724
Hemoptysis 32, 724
Hemorrhage 209, 211, 223, 529, 600, 642
cerebral 515
gastrointestinal 85, 191, 221, 504
intracranial 217, 231, 234, 308, 439, 529
intraventricular 347, 520, 572, 577
life-threatening 214
mild 213
petechial 483
primary subarachnoid 530
severe 232
splinter 98
subarachnoid 359
subdural 530
subperiosteal 614, 615
types of 530
Hemorrhagic disease 215, 216
Hemorrhagic manifestations 436
Hemorrhagic varicella 509
Hemosiderosis 265
Henoch-Schönlein purpura 180, 220, 221, 222f, 273, 285
Hepatic copper overload syndrome 205
Hepatic disease 203
Hepatic failure 204
acute 204
fulminant 172, 204
Hepatitis 169, 205, 285, 423, 443, 450, 455
A virus 170-173
infection, acute 172
acute 170
B 273
virus 170
C 273
virus 170
cholestatic 172
chronic 172
active 204
D virus 170
E virus 170
F virus 170
G virus 170
treatment of 552
Hepatoblastomas 407
Hepatomas 407
Hernia
bilateral inguinal 562f
congenital diaphragmatic 154, 155
diaphragmatic 153, 154
hiatal 151, 165, 166, 198, 724
umbilical 562, 562f
Herniation 154
internal 182
Heroin 529
Herpes simplex 508f
infection 443
vesicles 441f
virus 440, 531
Herpes zoster 440, 442
complications of 443
rash 441f
Heterophile antibodies 455
High blood oxygen tension 522
High-arched palate 2, 14
High-frequency oscillatory ventilation 157
High-pitched wheezes 39
Hilar adenopathy 60
Hilgenreiner line 689
Hills sign 724
Hindfoot, forefoot to 715
Hip
aseptic necrosis of 261
click 688
clunk 688
developmental dysplasia of 7, 686
dislocated 564, 567, 688
dislocation 686, 688f
congenital 686
infection of 493
joint 491
deformity in 686
examination 567
subluxation 318
unstable 567
Hirschsprung's disease 2, 3, 156, 174-177, 192, 640, 641, 724
Histamine-2 receptor antagonists 168
Histiocytosis 724
Hodgkin's disease 621-624, 625t
classification of 624t
clinical staging of 624
Hodgkin's lymphoma 622
Holt-Oram syndrome 87
Homeostasis 578
Homocysteine 705
Homocystinuria 705, 724
Homovanillic acid 642
Hookworm infestation 266
Hormone
adrenocorticotropic 333, 375, 383
antidiuretic 387
Horner's syndrome 559, 642, 724
Horse-shoe kidney 14
Host's immune system 489
Howell-Jolly bodies 258
Human chorionic gonadotropin 6, 369, 372, 391
Human growth hormone 401
Human immunodeficiency virus 31, 64, 172, 285, 442, 445, 446, 474
antibody 449
infection 75, 447, 448
Human leukocyte antigen 637, 677
Human mononuclear phagocytes 434
Hunter syndrome 675
Huntington's chorea 115
Hurler's syndrome 351, 673, 674f, 674
Hurler-Scheie syndrome 675
Hutchinson's teeth 429, 724
Hyaline membrane disease 156, 580, 581
risk factors for 581
Hydration 259
Hydrocele 563
congenital 563f
Hydrocephalus 319, 345, 346, 348, 349f, 366
pathophysiology of 346
severe 557
Hydrocortisone 540
Hydronephrosis 661
Hydroxybenzyl ethylenediamine 270
Hydroxychloroquine 464
Hydroxyurea 247, 259, 269
Hyperalgesia 435
Hyperbilirubinemia 149, 172, 227, 247, 527, 542, 545, 549
pathological 542
Hypercalciuria 487
Hypercapnia, permissive 574
Hypercyanotic episodes 118, 120
Hyperesthesia 435
Hyperglycemia 395, 450, 539, 576
management of 383
Hyperinflation chest 39
Hyperinsulinemia 540
Hyperkalemia 374, 378
Hyperkeratosis, epidermolysis 722
Hyperlipidemia 285-287, 289, 290
Hypernatremia 137, 390
Hyperosteoidosis 711
Hyperplasia 148, 247, 501, 655
adrenal 375, 383
erythroid 227, 266
Hyperpnea, paroxysmal 118
Hyperreflexia 315
Hypersensitivity
duration of onset of 77
pneumonitis 20
Hypertension 93, 272, 275-277, 283, 308, 314
malignant 279
portal 202, 729
pulmonary 90, 125, 157, 255, 513
arterial 106
transient 274
Hyperthermia 649
Hyperthyroidism 115
Hypertonia 547
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 148, 151
Hypertrophy 148, 264
cardiac 614
Hyperventilation 157
Hyperviscosity syndrome 257
Hypervolemia 438
Hyphema 654, 724
Hypoalbuminemia 201, 285, 289, 290, 436
Hypocalcemia 247, 527, 530, 534, 535, 550, 601, 602
symptomatic 612
treatment of 576
Hypochondrium, right 433
Hypochromia 265
Hypogammaglobulinemia 64
Hypogastric pain 300
Hypoglycemia 247, 329, 395, 460, 527, 530, 531, 534, 537, 539, 551, 598, 602
causes of 538
clinical features of 538
development of 538
etiology of 540
neonatal 537
refractory 540
risk of 539
severe 576
symptomatic 539
Hypogonadism 11
Hypokalemia 137
Hypomagnesemia 533, 534
Hyponatremia 136, 374, 378, 434, 573, 575
correction of 136
Hypophosphatemia 606
Hypopituitarism, congenital 538
Hypoplasia 176
ciliary muscle 704
midface 5
pulmonary 155-157
Hypoplastic iris 704
Hypoproteinemia 177
Hypospadias 724
Hypotension 436, 586
maternal 518
Hypothalamic dysfunction 371
Hypothalamic pulse, premature activation of 408
Hypothalamus, neoplastic lesion of 594
Hypothermia 538, 602
Hypothyroidism 398, 399
acquired 401
congenital 399, 399f, 402
juvenile 403
primary 399
congenital 401
severe primary 409
Hypotonia 2, 7, 703, 725
generalized 5
Hypotonic syndromes 318
Hypoventilation syndrome 641
Hypovolemia 289, 438
Hypoxemia 44, 518
Hypoxia 519, 538
perinatal 529, 530
physiological 518
I
Ibuprofen 112, 683
Ichthyosis 725
Icterus 161
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 210, 229, 230, 279
acute 233
chronic 234, 235
Ifosfamide 627, 651
Ileus 131
Iliac spine, anterior superior 688
Immature brain 529
Immaturity
biochemical 580
structural 580
Immune
dysregulation, severe 448
system, role of 286
thrombocytopenia 230, 425, 633
purpura 623
Immunity
acquire 484
cellular 622
local 484
Immunization, active 173, 499
Immunofluorescence assay 449
Immunoglobulin 173
G 473, 572
intravenous 232, 344
M 422, 677
platelet associated 230
Immunosuppression 235
Immunotherapy 28
Imperforate anus 2, 725
Impetigo 274f, 725
contagiosa 444
Indian Academy of Pediatrics 53, 81, 82t, 599
Indian Childhood Cirrhosis 205
Indomethacin 112, 392, 586, 683
Infections 31, 190, 295, 296, 314, 413, 466, 530, 572, 598, 602
adult 448
bacterial 138, 469, 509, 510, 530, 531
childhood 448
congenital 347, 423
evaluation for 545
extrapulmonary 61
fungal 448
inapparent 484
intracranial 531
intrauterine 446
neonatal 578
nonbacterial 531
pyogenic 109, 468
signs of 491, 578
sources of 502
syphilis 530
theory 32
toxoplasmosis 530
viral 530
Infectious mononucleosis 452
cause of 453
Infective endocarditis 94-96, 120, 127
prophylaxis 107
treatment of 101
Infertility 11, 14
Inflammation 190
Inflammatory disease, acute 43, 44
Infliximab 684
Influenza 109, 448, 474
Inguinal canal, upper part of 415
Inguinal pouch, superficial 415
Insect bite 276
Insulin 396
Intellectual disability 4
Intensive care
management 25
unit 25, 255
Intercostal drainage 49
Intercostal recession 39
Intercostal retraction 62, 560
Interferon 725
Intermittent positive pressure ventilation 588
weaning of 590
International League Against Epilepsy 329
Interstitial air 581
Interventricular septum 435
Intestines, dilatation of 192
Intra-abdominal pressure 415
Intracranial pressure 348
monitoring 351
Intraocular disease 655
Intrauterine growth
restriction 421, 571
retardation 153, 244, 579, 707
Intravenous anti-D therapy 233
Intravenous fluid 24, 590
therapy 136t
Intussusception 179-181, 223
chronic 182
Iritis, asymptomatic 681
Iron 596
absorption, intestinal 239
deficiency 237, 240, 243, 614
anemia 177, 236, 239, 266
dextran, bolus injection of 243
overload monitoring 268
poor dietary intake of 240
requirement 237
second stage of 239
stores, low 578
supplementation 242
therapy 240
Irritability 39, 53, 131, 244
Irritation, meningeal 356
Ischemia 190
mucosal 190
Ischemic stroke 311
prevention of 311
treatment of 311
Isoniazid 79, 81
Isovolumetric exchange transfusion 551
J
Janeway lesion 98
Jaundice 170-172, 186, 226, 227, 265, 300, 398, 544, 545t, 577
biochemical 546
evaluation of 544
neonatal 541, 568
pathological 542, 543, 543f
prolonged 544
purpura 602
severe 544
Jaw thrust 725
Jitteriness 533, 566, 725
causes of 533
Joint
aspiration 489
repeated 493
fluid analysis 491
hyperflexible 2
laxity 703, 709
metacarpophalangeal 669
pain 276, 419
pus, aspiration of 491
stability of 567
subluxation of 5
swelling of 207
Jones criteria 667
Jugular veins, distension of 110
K
Kanamycin 84
Kangaroo mother care 725
Kaposi sarcoma 181
Kartagener's syndrome 31, 725
Kawasaki disease 223
Kayser-Fleischer ring 200, 201f, 203
Keloid 569f
Kenneth Jones diagnostic criteria 78, 79t
Keratitis, interstitial 429, 430, 432
Keratoconus 725
Keratomalacia 600, 725
Kernicterus 314, 547, 725
clinical classification of 548
risk factors for 549b
symptomatic levels for 549b
Kernig's sign 353, 725
Ketamine 26
Ketoacidosis
diabetic 396
managing 396
Ketoconazole 412
Ketonemia 395
Kidney 563
disease 450
injury, acute 279
multicystic disease of 661
tissue 661
Kingella 479
diagnosis of 479
kingae 96, 490
Klebsiella pneumoniae 54
Klinefelter syndrome 9, 10, 369, 371
Klisic test 688
Klumpke paralysis 559
Knee chest position 121
Knee joints 488, 664
Knock-knee 610f, 725
Koebner phenomenon 680
Koilonychia 240, 725
Koplik's spots 465, 467, 467f, 725
Kupffer hyperplasia 458
Kussmaul breathing 396, 725
Kussmaul respirations 460
Kussmaul sign 109
Kwashiorkor 290, 599, 600
Kyphosis 725
L
Labia majora 563
Labyrinthitis 54
Lactate dehydrogenase 48, 258, 324, 632
Lactic acid 492
Lactic acidosis 450
Lactobacillus rhamnosus 138, 139
Lactose intolerance, secondary 139
Lamotrigine 332, 334t
Landau Kleffner syndrome 334
Langerhans cell histiocytosis 619
Larva migrans 725
Larval granulomatosis 654
Laryngeal diphtheria 44
Laryngeal spasm 498
Laryngitis 43
Laryngoscope 524
Laryngotracheobronchitis 43
acute 469
Laryngotracheobronchoscopy 166
Larynx 43
Latex agglutination 63, 358
Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome 594, 725
Learning disabilities 11
Left ventricular hypertrophy 106, 126
Leg ulcer, chronic 261
Legg-Perthes syndrome 725
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome 331, 334, 725
Lepromin
reaction 693
test 698, 725
Leprosy 78, 692
cardinal signs of 694
complications of 701
course of 696
deformities of 701
diagnosis of 699
dimorphous 695
indeterminate 694
intermediate 695
lepromatous 693, 695
manifestations of 694
multibacillary 693, 699
ocular complications in 694
treatment of reactions in 700
Leptin 594
Lethal mutations 708
Lethargy 191, 300
irritability 424
Leukemia 2, 5, 11, 78, 180, 285, 616, 628-630, 661
acute 636, 637
lymphatic 629, 633, 634, 636t, 638
lymphoblastic 630
myeloid 629, 632, 635, 636t
promyelocytic 632
chronic myeloid 629
congenital 629, 629f
cutis 632
diagnosis of 632
juvenile myelomonocytic 629
lymphoblastic 625
Leukemic blasts 631
Leukemic cell infiltration 631
Leukocoria 654f, 655
Leukocyte 443
dysfunction 512
Leukocytosis 40, 47, 98, 115, 187, 282, 303, 489
Leukodystrophy 319
metachromatic 351, 726
Leukomalacia, periventricular 314, 577
Leukopenia 455, 508, 680
Levamisole 293
Levothyroxine 402
dose of 403t
Leydig cells 11, 369
Libido, lack of 11
Li-Fraumeni syndrome 648
Ligamentum laxity 703
Limb, abnormal movement of 278, 328, 338
Lipooligo saccharide 512
Lips, bluish color of 116
Listeria monocytogenes 97, 354
Liver 562
abscess 184, 185, 504
pyogenic 185
biopsy 204
cell damage 171
cryptogenic 185
disease, chronic 213
disorders, chronic 598
enlargement 226
function tests 186
abnormal 425
hemosiderosis 265
ultrasound 187
Loeffler's syndrome 726
Lomefloxacin 84
Loose motion 128, 179, 278
Lorazepam 534, 536
Lorber criteria 726
Lordosis 726
Lowe syndrome 726
Lower esophageal sphincter 162
Lower extremity 476
paraparesis 366
joints of 490
Lower respiratory tract infection 37, 230
Lucey-Driscoll syndrome 545
Lucio's phenomenon 697
Lumbar puncture 332, 338, 482
Lumen, obstruction of 143
Lung
abscess 187
development 581
low compliance of 588
normal 588
tissue, consolidation of 61
Lung disease 255, 342, 359
chronic 37, 261
suppurative 31
Lung function 587
test 584t
Lupus erythematosus 679
Luteinizing hormone 369, 405
Lymph node 622
biopsy 623
enlargement of 623
mesenteric 501
regional 660
tuberculosis of 70
Lymphadenitis, mesenteric 180
Lymphadenopathy 271, 414, 678
Lymphedema 13f, 14
Lymphocytes 623
infection of 453
Lymphocytic pleocytosis 508
Lymphoid hyperplasia, intestinal 180
Lymphoma 11, 180, 285
Lysosomal hydrolyses 678
M
M cells 501
M protein 665
MacEwen's sign 726
MacLeod syndrome 39
Macrolide 52, 63, 84
antibiotics 671
Macrophage activation syndrome 682
Magnesium sulfate 25
Magnetic resonance
angiography 310, 311
imaging 276, 310, 350
venography 311
Malabsorption syndrome 290
Malaise 60, 75, 285
duration of 455
Malar hypoplasia 704
Malaria 457, 504
congenital 460
severe 459
uncomplicated 462
Malarial parasite, life cycle of 458
Malnutrition 204, 318, 599
acute 598
clinical signs of 601
infection, cycle of 598
precipitation of 139
severe 78
acute 601
treatment of mild to moderate 604
Malrotation 3, 155, 192
Mangoloid facies 5
Manometry 165
esophageal 165, 166
Mantoux reaction 726
Mantoux test 67, 77, 78, 602
false-positive 78
positive 79
Maple syrup urine disease 534
Marasmus 599, 601, 726
nutritional 599
Marfan's syndrome 702, 702f, 703, 726
diagnosis of 703
management of 705
Mass, abdominal 659
Mast cell stabilizers 28
Mastoiditis, acute 54, 55
McBurney point 143, 726
McCune-Albright syndrome 408-411, 726
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 236, 240
concentration 227, 236
Mean corpuscular volume 236, 240
Measles 31, 465, 468
croup 44
mumps, and rubella 426
treatment of 469
virus 466
Mechlorethamine 624
Meckel's diverticulum 156, 182, 726
Meconium ileus 180
Meconium plug syndrome 192
Mediastinal compression 623
Mediastinal mass 632
Medroxyprogesterone acetate 412
Mefloquine 464
Megakaryocytes 232
Megalencephaly 726
Megalocornea 726
Meiotic nondisjunction 2
Meissner's plexuses 175
Melena 217
Melphalan 656
Meningism 359
Meningitis 44, 308, 353, 497, 534
acute bacterial 357, 358t, 359
acute pyogenic 359
aseptic 359, 454, 485
bacterial 354, 358, 359
initial treatment of 360t
signs of 310
Meningocele 365
anterior 176
Meningococcemia 223, 726
Meningomyelocele 363, 364f
Menorrhagia 232, 233
Mental retardation 2, 5, 11, 318, 659, 726
Mental status 565
Meperidine 259
Merozoites 459
Mesangial proliferation 285
Mesenchymal cells 618
Metabolic disorders 530, 538, 572
Metaphysis 481, 490, 648, 726
Metastasis 649
pulmonary 651
Metastatic disease 641, 643, 646
Metastatic infection 99
Metered dose inhaler 29
Methadone 529
Methemoglobinemia 266, 726
Methenamine mandelate 306
Methotrexate 626, 651, 683
Methyl iodobenzylguanidine 643
Methylxanthines 578
Metolazone 295
Metronidazole 145
Microalbuminemia 726
Microalbuminuria stage 397
Microcytosis 265
Micrognathia 557, 681, 704, 705
Microorchidism 11
Micropenis, causes of 371
Microphthalmia 423
Microvascular injury 280
Micturating cystourethrogram 301, 303
Midazolam 498, 535
Milia 569
Miliary tuberculosis 72, 82, 727
Milkmaid's grip 669
Milkmaid's sign 727
Miller-Fisher syndrome 342
Mineralocorticoids 380
Minocycline 699
Minor blunt trauma 476
Mitral regurgitation 668
murmur of 668
Mitral valve prolapse 95, 704
Molluscum contagiosum 727
Mongolian spots 568f, 727
Mongoloid facies 727
Mononeuritis multiplex 460
Mononuclear pleocytosis 431, 472
Mononucleosis 342
infectious 452
Monotherapy 334
Monozygotic twins 245
Moon face 384, 601, 727
Moraxella catarrhalis 51
Morbillivirus 466
genus 465
Morgagni hernia 154
Moro's reflex 2, 567, 727
Morphine 259
Morquio syndrome 675
Motor axonal neuropathy syndrome, acute 342
Motor functions 565
Motor nerve conduction velocities 343
Mounteir-Kunn syndrome 31
Mouth 558
Moxifloxacin 699
Mucocele 558
Mucosa, esophageal 166
Mulberry molar 429, 727
Müllerian inhibitory substance 369, 727
Müllerian system 371
Multiple endocrine neoplasm 2 syndrome 175
Multisystem disease 665
Mumps 471
control of 474
diagnosis of 474
disease 473
infection, diagnosis of 473
meningitis 473
virus 471, 473
detection of 473
Murmur
mid-diastolic 664
significant 561
Muscle
antagonistic 495
relaxants 498
spasms 495
Muscular detects 126
Muscular dystrophy 319
Myalgia 60, 434
Mycobacteria 67, 80
nontuberculous 31
Mycobacterial growth indicator tube system 76
Mycobacterial infection 109
chronic 692
Mycobacterium 677
leprae 81, 692
tuberculosis 52, 67, 74, 109, 476
Mycophenolate mofetil 294
Mycoplasma 512, 513
pneumoniae 37, 60, 255, 342
Mycotic aneurysms 99
Myelodysplasia 687, 714, 727
Myeloid
cell tumor 632
precursor 630
Myelomeningocele 364, 364f, 365
Myocardial absceses 98
Myocarditis 110, 112, 171, 455, 504, 668, 681, 683
Myoclonic encephalopathy, early 529
Myoclonus 424
Myringosclerosis 53
N
Nadas criteria 727
Nalidixic acid 306
Naproxen 112, 683
Nasal block 50
Nasal discharge 50
Nasal flaring 44
Nasogastric suction 146
Nasogastric tube 192, 588
Nasopharyngeal aspiration 514
Nasopharyngeal epithelial cell invasion 355
National Wilms’ Tumor Study Staging 661
Natural killer cells 453
Nausea 143, 171, 278, 310, 463
Neck 559
Necrotizing enterocolitis 189-191
Neisseria
gonorrhoeae 97, 492
meningitidis 109, 252, 354, 489
Neocyte transfusion 267
Neonatal intensive care unit 189, 571
Neonatal seizures 528
syndromes 531
therapy of 534
types of 531, 532
Neoplastic cells 648
Neoplastic disease 112
Nephritic syndrome 448
acute 272
Nephritis 430
acute interstitial 273
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 389, 392
causes of 389
treatment of 392
Nephropathy, hereditary 273
Nephrosis 430
Nephrotic syndrome 204, 223, 275, 276, 284, 285, 285f, 288, 289, 292, 296, 601
congenital 14
diagnosis of 289
minimal change 285, 286
relapse of 292
Nerve deafness 432
congenital 399
Nervous system 565
Neural tube
defects 364, 565, 727
formation, disorders of 363
Neuraminidase 37
Neuritic leprosy 696
Neuritis, peripheral 485
Neuroblastoma 175, 639, 640, 642, 646, 661
diagnosis of 643
etiology of 640
high-risk 645
staging of 643
symptoms of 641
tumors 640
Neuroblasts 640
Neurocristopathy 175
Neuroenteric cells, migration of 175
Neurofibromatosis 175, 629, 727
Neurohypophyseal tract 388
Neurologic disease 203
Neurological dysfunction 283
Neuronal cell membrane 495
Neuronal migration defects 406
Neurosurgery 321
Neurosyphilis, congenital 431
Neurotuberculosis 82
Neutropenia 436, 623, 632, 636, 727
Neutrophil 461, 640
Night time splinting 685
Nikolsky's sign 727
Nissen fundoplication 168, 727
slippage of 166
Nissl substance, chromatolysis of 483
Nitrazepam 332
Nitric oxide 158, 434
Nitrofurantion 304, 306
N-methy1-D-aspartate 333
Nocardia israelli 97
Nodules, subcutaneous 668
Noisy
breathing 42
respiration 59
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 620, 622, 625, 634, 640, 727
Non-lymphoid malignancies 622
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
agents 112
drugs 223, 253, 667, 683
Noonan syndrome 727
Norepinephrine 595
Norfloxacin 84
Normocytes 727
Nucleic acid tests 449
Nucleoside 450
Nucleotide 450
Nutrition 139, 320, 575
Nystagmus 532
optokinetic 566
O
Obesity 296, 592, 593f
endogenous 594
exogenous 594
Obstruction 223
luminal 142
Obstructive hydrocephalus, shunt procedure for 85
Obstructive sleep apnea 4
Obturator internus signs 144
Ocular lens, dislocation of 704
Ocular tumor 654
Ofloxacin 84, 699
Oligoarthritis 679, 684, 685
Oliguria 131, 274, 276, 281, 290, 448
Olympian brow 727
Omphalitis 545
Omphalocele 154
Onion peel periosteum 431
Ophthalmic artery 656
Opisthotonus 548
Opsoclonus-myoclonus-ataxia syndrome 642
Opsomyoclonus 642, 727
Optic
atrophy 430, 727
neuritis 728
Oral acyclovir 444
Oral antibiotics 100
Oral cavity, tuberculosis of 71
Oral clindamycin 480
Oral feeds 576
Oral iron 242
therapy 242
Oral quinine plus doxycycline 463
Oral rehydration solution
composition of 134
limitations of 134
maintenance dose of 134, 135
Oral rehydration therapy 133
Oral thrush 600f
Orchitis 455
bilateral 473
Organ infiltration 631
Organic anion transporter protein 542
Orlistat 595
Oropharynx 507, 508
Orthodox athetosis 548
Orthopedic management 321
Orthopedic surgery 214
Orthotopic liver transplantation 206
Ortolani's maneuver 728
Ortolani's test 688
Osler node 98
Osteitis 431
Osteogenesis 712
imperfecta 707, 708, 709f, 710, 710f, 711, 712
tarda 708
Osteoid 606
formation 650
Osteolysis 477
Osteomyelitis 475-478, 481, 490, 616, 618, 620, 650, 690
acute 481
chronic 481
diagnosis of 478
exogenous 476
hematogenous 478
nonhematogenous 476
signs of 477
Osteopenia 684
Osteopetrosis 728
Osteoporosis 385
immobilization 712
Osteosarcoma 620, 647-649, 651
development of 648
diagnosis of 648
incidence of 648
juxtacortical 649
treatment of 650, 651
Ostium
primum defect 87
secundum defect 88
Otalgia 53
Otitis media 44, 50, 51, 53, 180, 515
acute 51, 52, 56t
chronic suppurative 54
recurrent 57
Otomycosis 728
Otorrhea 53
Ovarian tumors, malignant 408
Oxacillin 492
Oxygen
requirement 574
saturation 20
therapy 573, 587
Oxytocin reflex 728
P
Paget's disease 466, 648, 728
Pagophagia 728
Pain 94
abdomen 301
abdominal 141, 143, 169, 179, 184, 223, 224, 278, 297, 433, 660, 681
intermittent 180
Pallor 39, 226, 240
gradual onset of 239
Palmar crease, single 3, 3f
Palpitation, history of 702
P-aminosalicylic acid 20
Panarteritis nodosa 728
Panbronchiolitis-bronchiectasis, diffuse 31
Pancarditis 666
Pancreas, annular 160, 718
Pancreatic cells, infection of 424
Pancreatitis, acute 171
Pancuronium 590
Pancytopenia 225, 728
Papilledema 357, 460, 631, 728
Paracetamol 469
Paradoxical embolism 120
Parainfluenza virus 448
Paralysis 485, 495
acute flaccid 717
Paralytic poliomyelitis 484, 486
Paramyxovirus 466
Parasites 130
Paraspinal sympathetic ganglia 641
Parathyroid
glands 408
hormone 611
Parenchyma 584
Parkin method, aturity rating 555b
Parosteal osteogenic sarcoma 649
Paroxysmal colicky pain, severe 182
Parrot paralysis 429
Parrot radial scars 429
Partial thromboplastin time 208, 215, 216
Parvovirus 109, 273
Passive immunization 173
Pasteurella multocida 31
Patau syndrome 728
Patchy black pigmentation 423
Patent ductus arteriosus 3, 95, 104, 105, 107, 155, 423, 581
diagnosis of 104
Paterson-Kelly syndrome 240
Paucibacillary leprosy 699
Pavlik harness 690
treatment 689
Peak expiratory flow rate 19
Pectus carinatum 608f
Pectus excavatum 728
Pediatric intussusception 180
Pediatric renal tumors, staging of 661
Pefloxacin 84
Pel-Ebstein fever 728
Pelvic
appendicitis 144
dysplasia 2
Pemphigus 728
Penciclovir 456
Pendred's syndrome 402, 728
Penicillamine 205
Penicillin 52, 100, 187, 432
allergic patients 497, 671
G 497
benzathine 672
treatment 431
V 672
Penicillinase-resistant oral penicillin 444
Penoscrotal hypospadias 416, 417f
Percutaneous aspiration 187
Percutaneous biopsy 711
Percutaneous drainage 188
Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling 546
Perforation, intestinal 504
Pericardial effusion 110
Pericardial friction rub 110
Pericardiocentesis 113
Pericarditis 108, 111, 112, 668, 680, 683
chest pain of 111
constrictive 85
purulent 112
Perineal urethra 371
Periodic acid-Schiff reaction 618
Periosteal osteogenic sarcoma 649
Periostitis 431
persistent 430
Peripheral blood smear 258, 461f
Peripheral isosexual precocity 408
Peritoneal dialysis 283
Peritonitis 71, 187
signs of 192
Perkins line 689
Perlman syndrome 659
Persistent asthma, severe 27
Perthes’ diseases 690
Pertussis 31, 512, 728
classic 513
diagnosis of 514
toxin 512
treatment of 515
uncomplicated 513
vaccine 516
Pes planus 704
hypermobile 715
Petechiae 569
Peutz-Jeghar syndrome 180, 408, 409
Peyer's patches 501
hypertrophy 180
Phakomatoses 728
Pharmacotherapy 167
Pharyngitis, acute 672
Pharynx, tuberculosis of 71
Phenobarbitone 332, 535, 550
Phenytoin 332, 534, 535
equivalents 535
Pheochromocytoma 642
Philadelphia chromosome 630
Phimosis 728
Phlebotomy 247
Phosphorus homeostasis 576
Photon-emission computed tomography 331
Photophobia 419
Phototherapy
contradictions of 550
dose of 550b
indications for 549
mechanism of action in 549
side effects of 550
technique of 550
Physiotherapy 322
Pica 728
Pierre-Robin syndrome 728
Pigeon chest 608
Pilonidal sinus 729
Piperacillin 145, 304
Piroxicam 683
Pituitary dysfunction 371
Placental abruption 518
Plantar fasciitis 729
Plasma
borne infections 213
cells 623
colloids 438
compartment 241
cortisol concentrations 384
infusion 283
regain, rapid 430
testosterone 372
concentrations 416
transfusion 212
Plasmapheresis 235, 283, 344
Plasmodium falciparum 459
malaria 462, 463
Plasmodium vivax 459
Platelet
count 232
transfusion 438
Platybasia 729
Pleocytosis, hemolytic 425
Pleuritis 681
Plumbism 729
Plummer-Vinson syndrome 240
Pneumatocele 729
Pneumatosis intestinalis 190, 192
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 58
Pneumococcal pneumonia 62
Pneumocystis carinii 636
pneumonia 448
Pneumocystis jiroveci 448
pneumonia 447
Pneumonia 59, 60, 60t, 61-63, 65, 423, 443, 454, 498, 504, 516, 608
alba 429
bacterial 39, 504, 516
congenital 156, 585
diagnosis of 63
interstitial 60
lobar 60
persistent 60
recurrent 60
severe 62
World Health Organization Grading of 62
Pneumonitis 60
Pneumothorax 44, 513, 649
Podocyte, role of 286
Poikilocytosis 729
Poliomyelitis 482, 497, 616
abortive 484, 485
acute phase 483
antiviral treatment for 485
bulbar 486
neuropathy of 483
nonparalytic 484, 485
Poliovirus 483
neutralizing antibodies 484
Polyarteritis
microscopic 273
migratory 667
nodosa 223
Polyarticular arthritis
juvenile 680f
idiopathic 679
Polycystic kidney disease 389
Polycythemia 244, 538, 542, 545
acquired 246
congenital 246
hyperviscosity 530
vera 245
World Health Organization diagnostic criteria for 246
Polydipsia 387
psychogenic 395
Polyhedral cell 618
Polyhydramnios 161, 729
Polymerase chain reaction 37, 63, 76-78, 113, 172, 358, 425, 436, 462
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte 483
infiltration 272
Polymorphonuclear leukocytosis 33, 49, 497
Polyneuritis 327
Polyneuropathy, acute inflammatory demyelinating 342
Polytherapy 332
Polyunsaturated fatty acids 604
Polyuria 387, 395, 448
differential diagnosis of 395
Pompe disease 729
Popcorn appearance 710
Popliteal fossa 697
Port-wine stains 568f, 729
Positive end-expiratory pressure 256, 588
Positive nitroprusside test 705
Positive pressure ventilation 520
Positive ventilation devices, types of 523t
Positron emission tomography 331, 332
Postabortal vaccination 426
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome 254
Postnatal lung maturation 582
Postpericardiotomy syndrome 110, 113
Postresuscitation care 527
Postural talipes 564
Pott's shunt 121
Pott's spine 85
Potter's facies 729
Prader-Willi syndrome 371, 594, 595, 729
Precocious puberty 404, 405
causes of 405
classification scheme for 408
Prednisolone 81, 291, 292, 625-627, 634
treatment with 456
Prednisone 233, 332
Preduodenal portal vein 160
Pre-erythrocytic schizogony 458
Pre-existing organic heart disease 98
Prematurity 314
apnea of 578
Priapism 256, 258
Primitive reflexes, absence of 566
Probiotics 139
Procaine penicillin G 431
Procarbazine 625-627
Proguanil prophylaxis 463
Prokinetic agents 168
Prophylactic antibiotics, indications for 306
Prophylactic antimicrobial therapy 469
Prophylactic therapy 214
Prophylaxis 339, 464
antepartum 546
postpartum 546
Proptosis 729
Prosthetic device dysfunction 99
Protease inhibitors 451
Protein
A 580
acute phase 717
B 580
C 580
conservation 594
D 580
energy malnutrition 597
management of 601
severe 616
losing enteropathy 204
phosphorylation, inhibition of 547
rich synovial fluid 678
Proteinuria 274, 288
Proteolytic enzymes 477, 489
Prothrombin complex concentrates 213
Prothrombin consumption test 217
Prothrombin time 207, 215
Protozoal infections 138
Protrusio acetabuli 704
Pseudobulbar palsy 318
Pseudohermaphroditism
female 370
male 370, 373, 375
Pseudohypertrophy 325
Pseudomonas 97, 477, 480
aeruginosa 47, 145, 304, 354, 476
Pseudoparalysis 616
Psoas 144
Psoriatic arthritis 679
Psychiatric disorders 5
Puberty 729
central precocious 405, 406
delayed 11, 204
development of 10
idiopathic central precocious 406
idiopathic true precocious 412
peripheral precocious 407
precocious 404, 405
progresses 406
pseudoprecocious 405
Pubic hair 413
Pulmonary artery 423, 704
balloon dilation of 121
pressure 582
Pulmonary function tests 19, 32
Pulmonary vascular
congestion 581
obstructive disease 125
Pulse oximetry 21, 40, 63
monitoring 520
Pulsus paradoxus 729
Puncture wounds 476
Pupils, abnormal 678
Purpura 231f, 423
fulminans 509
Purpuric rashes 281, 357f
Pyelography, intravenous 303, 660
Pyelonephritis 300, 661
chronic 389
Pyloric duplication 151
Pyloric muscle 150
Pyloric stenosis 3, 148, 149
congenital hypertrophic 147
Pyloric wall thickness 150
Pyloromyotomy
extramucosal 151
incomplete 152
Pylorus, appearance of 148
Pyoderma 476
Pyrazinamide 80, 81
Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone 270
Pyridoxine 534
dependent seizures 534
Pyuria 301, 303
Q
Q fever 97
Quadriplegia 318
Quantitative buff coat 461
Quinolones ciprofloxacin 84
R
Rachitic dwarfism 609
Rachitic rosary 729
Radial streak 729
Radiation therapy 645
principles of 662
Radiography 350
Radioimmunoassay 77, 241
Radionuclide
bone 655
imaging 303
studies 479
Radiotherapy, principles of 626
Railroad calcification 729
Ramstedt's operation 729
Ranitidine 168
Ranula 729
Rapid antigen detection test 63
Rapid diagnostic tests 358, 461
Rapid direct tests 77
Rash 220, 221, 229, 276, 508f, 678
macular 468
maculopapular 468, 468f, 502
petechial 231f
pleomorphic 507f
Rectal prolape 563f
Red blood cell 225, 245, 249, 546, 458
transfusions 260
Red cell
distribution width 241
indices 241
lifespan 542
Red reflex 729
Reed-Sternberg cells 625, 730
Reflexes 567
grasp 567
neonatal 553
rooting 567
Reflux 163
esophageal 163
esophagitis 164
Refsum disease 730
Rehabilitation 322
Reiter's disease 679
Relapse 626
treatment of 464, 505, 637
Renal anomalies 155
Renal biochemical parameters, abnormal 282
Renal biopsy 276, 282
indications for 276, 290
Renal cell carcinoma 659
Renal defects 204
Renal disease, chronic 223
Renal disorders 395
Renal failure 99, 172, 205, 261
acute 275, 296, 460
Renal insufficiency 281
Renal parenchyma 662
Renal tuberculosis 72
Renal tubular acidosis 205, 611, 730
Respiratory academia 585
Respiratory acidosis 39, 40
Respiratory distress 156, 191, 514, 629, 631
causes of 583
severity of 583t
syndrome 579, 580, 583
Respiratory infections 62
recurrent 32
Respiratory insufficiency 516
Respiratory paralysis 343
Respiratory rate 368, 500
Respiratory status 556, 575
Respiratory symptoms 440, 509
Respiratory syncytial virus 448
Respiratory system 36, 42, 86, 123, 195, 434, 445, 511, 553, 571, 572, 579, 597, 605, 673
Respiratory tract infection 106, 197
cause of 513
recurrent 32
Respiratory viruses 40
Resuscitation
indications for 521
steps in 521
Reticulocytosis 227, 228, 258
Reticuloendothelial system, blockade of 235
Reticulosis 227
Reticulum cell sarcoma 618
Retinal damage 261, 550
Retinal detachment 655, 730
Retinal dysplasia 654
Retinal folds, congenital 654
Retinal hemangioma 654
Retinal hemorrhages 460, 631
Retinal whitening 460
Retinitis 443
pigmentosa 730
Retinoblastoma 648, 652, 653, 657
bilateral 649
protein 653
Retinopathy of prematurity 654, 655
Retractile testes 416
Retraction apnea 40
Retraction pockets 53
Retrocollis 548
Retro-orbital pain 419
Retroperitoneal lymph nodes 623
Retropharyngeal abscess 44
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction 468, 474
Reye's syndrome 510, 730
Rh isoimmunization 546
Rhabdomyosarcoma 730
Rheumatic fever 75, 115, 210, 665-667
acute 112, 664-666
laboratory diagnosis of 670
treatment of 670
Rheumatic heart disease 95
Rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile 112, 676, 677
Rheumatoid nodules 680
Rhinitis 50, 428
Rhizomelia 711
Rhonchi 40
Rib 559
Ribavirin 469
Ribonucleic acid 422, 436, 446, 471
single stranded 170
Rickets 405, 605-607
diagnosis of 610
nutritional 611
pathology of 607
rosary 606, 607f, 730
types of 611
Rifabutin 84
Rifampicin 79, 80, 81, 84, 699
Rifapentine 84, 699
Right middle lobe syndrome 31
Rigors 300, 301, 457
Riley-Day syndrome 730
Rilonacept 684
Ringer's lactate 601
Risus sardonicus 495, 730
Robinow syndrome 371
Rocephin 55
Rolandic epilepsy 334
Rose spots 501, 502
Roseola infantum 730
Rotavirus immunization 139
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass 595
Rovsing sign 143
Rubella 422, 455
antibody 425
congenital 421, 423, 424, 424f, 425
herpes simplex virus 314
infection 422
intrauterine 422
panencephalitis, progressive 424
virus 422
Rubula virinae 471
Rudimentary skin tags 564
Ruptured sinus of Valsalva 107
S
Sabre tibia 730
Saccharomyces boulardii 138, 139
Saddle nose 730
deformity 428
Salicylate 510, 671
saturation index 549
therapy 510
Saliva 474
drooling of 318
Salivary gland 472
ducts 472
Salmon patch 569f, 730
Salmonella 448, 477, 501-503
enterica 501
hirschfeldii 501
paratyphi 501
schottulleri 501
typhi 273
Salt and pepper retinopathy 421
Salt-wasting, diagnosis of 378
Sandifer's syndrome 164
Sanfilippo syndrome 675
Scarlatiniform rashes 454
Schaumann disease 730
Scheie syndrome 675
Schwann cells 693
Sciatic nerve 495
Scintigraphy 165, 166
Sclerosing panencephalitis 424
subacute 469
Sclerosis, multiple 466
Scoliosis 318, 608, 709, 730
Scorbutic rosary 615, 730
Screening tests 5, 217
Scrotal swelling 223
Scrotum 416, 563
palpable gonad in 371f
Scurvy 613
Seborrheic dermatitis 444
Sedation 590
Seizure 131, 300, 310, 329, 333t, 360, 498, 529, 531, 533, 536, 577
absence 330
causes of 530
clonic 532
complex
febrile 337
partial 330
disorders 430
epileptic 532
familial neonatal 530
febrile 340
generalized 329, 330
tonic-clonic 330, 331
myoclonic 330, 532
neonatal 528
nonepileptiform 536
partial 329, 330, 334
persists 535
recurrent nonfebrile 331
refractory 536
simple partial 330
subtle 532
Selective dorsal rhizotomy 321
Seminal vesicle 415
Seminiferous tubules 416
Seminoma 416
Sensorineural deafness 423
permanent 424
Sensorineural hearing loss 547
Sensorium 310
Sensory
examination 567
function 567
Sepsis, treatment of 552
Septic arthritis 44, 210, 479, 488, 489, 491, 492, 690
development of 489
Septicemia 183, 192
Septo-optic dysplasia 371
Sequestrum 730
Seroconversion syndrome 448
Serologic testing 432, 473
Serotonin 595
Serum
17-hydroxyprogesterone 411
aspartate aminotransferase 454
bilirubin 542, 547, 551t
chloride 384
cholesterol 401
erythropoietin level, subnormal 246
estradiol 411
ferritin 241
glucose 535
glutamic
oxaloacetic transaminase 172, 200
pyruvic transaminase 172, 200
gonadotropins 411
growth hormone 401
iron 241
muscle enzymes 497
screening 6
sickness 497
testosterone 411
Sex
chromosome abnormalities 416
development, disorders of 372
steroids 411
Sexual abuse 413
Sexual characters, secondary 404
Sexual development, disordered 377
Sexual differentiation, embryology of 369
Sexual maturation 381
Sexual precocity 408
family history of 404
Sharp dry cough 39
Shenton line 689
Shigella dysentery 138
Shimada classification 644
Shingles 441
Shock 182, 191, 193, 300
septic 388
Shoulder
aseptic necrosis of 261
joints 491
Shunt nephritis 273
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome 630
Sibutramine 595
Sickle cell 258, 258f
anemia 248, 266
dactylitis, acute 258
disease 249, 252, 260
nephropathy 389
pain 252
trait 251
Sickle erythrocytes 249
Sickling test 258
Simian crease 5, 5f, 730
Simple virilizing disease 376
Single lesion paucibacillary disease 699
Sinus
formation 82
venous thrombosis of 308
Skeletal deformities 708
Skeletal maturation 401
Skeletal system 704
Skeletal tuberculosis 71
Skin
abnormalities 568
color 555
infections 600
involvement 696
lesions 221, 271
manifestations, classical 98
smears 697, 698
texture 555
tuberculosis 72
Skin-prick testing 19
Sleep problems 318
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis 650
Slit ventricle syndrome 352
Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome 149, 175
Sneezing 39
Snowstorm appearance 73
Snuffles 428
Sodium
bicarbonate 526
valproate 332, 333
Soft orthotics 685
Solitary liver abscesses 187
Solubility test 258
Sore throat 44, 275
Sparfloxacin 84
Spasmodic laryngitis 43
Spasms seizures 532
Spastic cerebral palsy 315
Spastic diplegia 316
Spastic quadriplegia 317
Speech therapy 322
Spermatic cord torsion 416
Spherocytosis 226, 227
hereditary 224, 225
Spina bifida occulta 365
Spinal cord lesions 319
Spinal muscular atrophy, chronic 327
Spinal respiratory muscle paralysis 486
Spindle cell
malignant 648
tumor 650
Spirometry 19
Spironolactone 295, 412
Spleen 562
enlargement 226
Splenectomy 234, 235, 269
guidelines for 228
indications for 228
Splenic sequestration 257
Splenomegaly 98, 227
Sputum examination 34
Squamous hyperplasia, reflux-associated 166
Staphylococcal pneumonia 62
Staphylococcus
aureus 47, 95, 96, 101, 109, 176, 185, 252, 253, 354, 448, 476, 480, 489, 490, 492, 509
infections 441
epidermidis 352
pneumoniae 65
saprophyticus 298
Staple sign 730
Status epilepticus 334, 730
management of 335
Steatorrhea 730
Stem cell transplantation 656
Stenosis
pulmonic 117
subglottic 44
Stensen's duct 472
Sternocleidomastoid muscle tumor 560f
Steroid 84
dependent nephrotic syndrome 292
doses of 509
hormone production, enzymes of 370
resistant nephrotic syndrome 292
sensitive nephrotic syndrome 291
therapy 78
Still's disease 730
Stillbirth 730
Stools 503
microbiology of 133
Strabismus 558, 730
Strawberry hemangioma 568f, 569f
Streak ovaries 14
Streptococcal infection 480
eradication of 671
Streptococcus
agalactiae 476
infection 670
mitis 96
mutans 96
pneumoniae 228, 252, 279, 296, 354, 448, 469, 476, 480
pyogenes 109, 480, 490, 509
infection 455
sanguis 96
viridans 95, 101
Streptomycin 81, 100
Stridor 44, 730
Stroke 256, 308, 310
childhood 312
hemorrhagic 311
ischemic 311
Stromal cells 648
Struge-Weber syndrome 308
Subchondral bone 678
Sublaxative hip 687
Sugar salt solution 133
Sulbactam 84
Sulfadiazine 672
Sulfamethoxazole 304, 306
Sulfisoxazole 304, 306
Sunflower cataracts 203
Sunken anterior fontanelle 131
Sunset sign 730
Supraglottitis 43
Suprapubic aspiration 302
Supraventricular arrhythmias 704
Surfactant delivery, modes of 586
Surfactant replacement therapy 586
Surgery 57, 121, 146, 168
Sweating 262
Swelling
erythema 481
subperiosteal 615
Swenson's pull-through 178
Swollen tissues 472
Swyer-James-Macleod syndrome 31
Sydenham's chorea 114, 669-671
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone 391, 527
Synovial tissue 489, 677
Synovitis, inflammatory 678
Syphilis 616
chronic meningovascular 430
congenital 14, 427-429
early congenital 428
late congenital 428, 429
latent 428
Syphilitic pneumonitis 429
Systemic lupus erythematosus 115, 223, 273, 279, 466, 669
T
Tachycardia 39, 110, 226, 434, 436, 579
Tachypnea 39, 61, 509, 631
transient 156, 584
Talipes 713, 731
equinovarus 714f
congenital 713
Tamponade, acute cardiac 110
Tandler's theory 160
Tarsal coalition 715
Tay-Sachs disease 351, 731
Tazobactam 145
Telangiectatic osteosarcoma 649
Temporomandibular joints 680
Tenderness 488
abdominal 191
Tendon reflexes 565
Teratoma 176, 565
Terbutaline, intravenous 25
Testicular adrenal rest tumor 407
Testicular atrophy 473
Testicular descent, process of 415
Testicular dysfunction 371
Testicular failure, idiopathic 370
Testicular gonads 372
Testicular relapse 637
Testicular sonography 411
Testosterone 369, 370
action, defects in 370
synthesis 369, 370
abnormalities in 370
Testotoxicosis 412
Tet spells 118
Tetanospasmin 495
Tetanus 495, 498
antitoxin 497
immunoglobulin 497
management of 497
neonatal 495, 496f, 499
neonatorum 494
picture of 496
toxin 495, 497
phenomenal potency of 495
toxoid 494
Tetrahydrofolic acid 614
Tetralogy of Fallot 3, 95, 116, 117
Thalassemia 262, 263
intermedia 265
major 265
minor 265, 266
syndrome 263
trait 266
Thalidomide 700
Thelarche 410f
premature 410, 410f
Theophylline 28
Thermal injury 227
Thermoneutral temperature 731
Thiacetazone 81
Thiazides 295
Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen 279
Thoracic lymphadenopathy 70
Thoracocentesis 63
diagnostic 48, 49
Throat
culture 670
pain 224
Thrombocytopenia 99, 192, 232, 281, 282, 423, 426, 436, 458, 469, 503, 623, 631, 633, 731
Thrombocytopenic purpura 434, 469
Thromboembolism 295
Thrombogenesis 96
Thrombopoietin 232
Thrombotic microangiopathy 279
Thromboxane inhibitors 158
Thyroglossal duct cysts 559, 560f
Thyroid
antibody 401
aplasia 400
dysfunction 424
dysgenesis 400
dyshormonogenesis 400
ectopy 400
failure 626
function test 7
gland 402
hormone 411
synthesis 399
hypoplasia 400
stimulating hormone 399, 408, 595
Tibial nerve, posterior 696
Tibialis anterior tendon 715
Ticarcillin 84
Tinnitus 463
Tiredness 16, 86, 91, 94, 108
Tobramycin 304
Tocilizumab 684
Todd paralysis 731
Tongue, geographic 559f
Tonic neck reflex 731
Tonic seizures 532
Tooth extraction 213
Topiramate 334
Topotecan 645
Total iron-binding capacity 239, 241
Total parenteral nutrition 574
Total serum bilirubin 543
Toxic ileus 139
Toxin, single 495
Toxocara
canis 570
cati 570
Toxoplasmosis, other agents, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes 347, 544, 731
Trachea, inflammation of 44
Tracheitis, bacterial 44
Tracheobronchitis 44
Tracheoesophageal fistula 3, 149, 165, 195, 196-198, 198f
Tracheomalacia 731
Tracheostomy 498
Traction theory 32
Transcutaneous bilirubinometry 545
Transesophageal echocardiography 99
Transferrin 598
frequency of 267
Transfusion therapy 267
chronic 260, 265
guidelines for 267
Transient ischemic attacks 256
Transient myeloproliferative disorder 4
Transretinoic acid 635
Trans-sphenoidal pituitary 386
Transthoracic echocardiography 99
Transverse myelitis 454
Trauma 282, 308, 489, 497
Traumatic inflammation 594
Traumatic lumbar punctures 431
Trendlenburg gait 731
Treponema pallidum 273, 427
Triamcinolone
acetonide 683
hexacetonide 683
Triamterene 295
Trichuris trichiura 237
Tricuspid prolapse 704
Trilateral retinoblastoma 655
syndrome 653, 655
Trimethoprim 304, 306
sulfamethoxazole 504, 505
Trismus 731
Trisomy 37, 149, 154, 175
Tropheryma whipplei 97
Trophic feeding 731
True cryptorchism 415
True precocious puberty, male 405f
Trümmerfeld zone 616
Truncal tone 565
Tuberculin test 34, 77, 78
Tuberculoid leprosy 694
Tuberculosis 31, 46, 66, 75, 82, 85, 625, 690
abdominal 71
cardiac 74
childhood 79t, 82t
congenital 74
drugs for 79
drugs-resistant 84
endobronchial 69, 82
genitourinary 82
infection 68
intestinal 71
meningeal 726
mesenterica 71
pulmonary 69
screening 685
Tuberculous enteritis 71
Tuberculous granuloma 79
Tuberculous lymphadenitis 70
Tuberculous meningitis 73, 359
Tuberculous pericarditis 74
Tuberculous peritonitis 71
Tuberous sclerosis 533
Tubex test 504
Tubular necrosis, acute 389, 717
Tumor
bilateral 662
cells 655
formation 653
hypothalamic 388
necrosis factor 220, 693
nonseminomatous 416
orchiopexy 416
Tunica vaginalis 563
Turner's syndrome 12, 13, 402, 731
Tympanic membrane 51
inflammation of 53
perforation of 53, 54
Tympanocentesis 55, 57
Tympanometry 53
Tympanoplasty 54
Tympanosclerosis 53, 54
Tympanostomy tube 54
Typhidot test 503
Typhoid 75, 500
diagnosis of 501, 504
Typhoid fever 501, 503
incubation period of 502
severe 501
treatment of 504
Typical craniofacial appearance 5
Tzanck preparation 440, 731
U
Ulcer, perforation of 85
Ulcerative colitis 31
Ultrasonography 112, 150, 156, 161, 210, 303, 350
Ultrasound 5, 144
Umbilical arteries 562
single 556
Umbilical granuloma 562f
Undescended testes 155, 414-416
congenital 417
treatment of bilateral 417
Upper endoscopy 166
Upper gastrointestinal
contrast study 161
radiography 165
tract 434
Upper limbs 600
Upper respiratory tract 507
infection 51, 180, 476, 488
Uremia 112, 329
Ureteric strictures 85
Urethral catheterization 302
Uric acid nephropathy 632
Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase gene 150
Urinary antigens 63
Urinary catecholamine excretion 643
Urinary copper levels 204
Urinary excretion 377
Urinary free cortisol excretion 385
Urinary retention 343
Urinary tract
abnormalities 161
dysfunction, lower 318
malformation of 14
Urinary tract infection 75, 276, 290, 297, 298
complicated 300
diagnosis of 302t
pathogenesis of 298
recurrent 300
risk factors for 299
Urine 99, 385, 503
catecholamine 660
culture 302, 303
examination 301
microscopy 302
osmolality 389
sensitivity 303
Urogenital sinus 370
Uterus 369
Uveitis
asymptomatic 679
treatment 684
V
Vaccines 58
types of 505
Vagal neural crest cells 175
Vagina 508
Vaginal delivery, normal 488
Vaginal mucosa, examination of 410
Valacyclovir 444, 456
Valganciclovir 456
Valproic acid 334, 340
Valsalva maneuver 88
Valvar disease 672
Valvar stenosis 666
Valvular dehiscence 99
Valvulitis 668
murmur 667
Van Wyk-Grumbach syndrome 408
Vancomycin 100, 492
Vanillylmandelic acid 642
Variceal bleeding 202
Varicella 506
incidence of 442
pneumonia 509
treatment of 510
virus 507
Varicella-zoster
immune gamma globulin 510
immunoglobin, dose of 441
virus 440, 441, 443, 509
Vascular endothelium, necrosis of 423
Vasculitis 683
Vasoactive intestinal
peptide 163
polypeptide 149
Vasodilators 121
therapy 158
Vaso-occlusive crisis 254, 731
Vasopressin
analogs 391
deficiency, causes of 388
response test 391
Vein of Galen 349
Vena cava syndrome, superior 632
Ventilation 193, 523, 579
impaired 486
rates 523
strategies 157
Ventilator setting 588
Ventricular dysrhythmias 704
Ventricular septal defect 3, 117, 123-126, 155
moderate-sized 124
Vernix caseosa 556, 569
Vertebral fractures 709
Vesicoureteric reflux 731
Vesicular lesions 508
Vesicular rash 441f
Vigabatrin 332, 334, 626, 627
Vincristine 625-627, 634, 645, 662
Vinorelbine 627
Viral encephalitis 359, 485
Viral hepatitis 170
Viral infection 629, 633
intrauterine 314, 347
Viral replication 507
Viral upper respiratory tract infection 51, 52
Viremia, maternal 422
Virilization predominates 377
Virilizing tumor 410
Virologic diagnosis 436
Visceral larva migrans 570f
Vision 567
dimness of 487
Visual inspection 545
Visual problems 318
Vital data, normal 556b
Vitamin
A
deficiency 600
treatment 470
C 614
absorption of 614
deficiency 616
role of 269
D 600, 606, 607, 611, 684
deficiency 600, 606, 610, 611
resistant rickets 611
supplements 294
E 590
fat-soluble 596
K deficiency 216, 217
bleeding 216
Vitiligo 699
Vitreous hemorrhage 655
Volkmann canals 477
Volume infusion 526
Vomiting 16, 46, 61, 94, 128, 131, 141, 143, 169, 171, 179, 191, 248, 301, 307, 310, 341, 345, 353
nonbilious 150
persistent 159
von Gierke disease 731
von Hippel-Lindau disease 731
von Willebrand
disease 210, 731
factor 217
W
WAGR syndrome 659
Walking pneumonia 60
Warthin-Finkeldey cells 466
Water deprivation test 390
Waterston's shunt 121
Webbed neck edema 14
Wegener's granuloma 731
Wegner sign 431
Weight gain 32
Weight loss 66, 172
Welcome trust classification 599
West syndrome 334
Western blot 449
Wharton's duct 472
Wheeze 60, 69, 732
White blood cell 49, 253, 492, 503
White reflex 732
Whooping cough 511
Widal test 503
Williams Campbell syndrome 31
Wilms’ tumor 371, 658, 659
differential diagnosis of 661
radiotherapy for 662
treatment of 663
Wilson's disease 115, 172, 200, 201, 203, 204-206, 227
Wilsonian hepatic disease 202
Wimberger's sign 616, 732
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 732
Wolfram syndrome 388
Wormian bones 709
Wounds, contaminated 476
Wrist, widening of 609f
X
X polysomies 371
Xerophthalmia 602, 732
Y
Yeast 97
Yellow nail syndrome 31
Yersinia enterocolitica 130
Young syndrome 31
Z
Zellweger syndrome 149
Ziehl-Neelsen
method 697, 698
staining 76
Zinc 206
acetate 206
deficiency 602
oxide plaster 715
supplementation 139
therapy 139
Zithromax 55
Zoonosis 732
Zygomatic arch 557
×
Chapter Notes

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100+ Clinical Cases in PEDIATRICS
100+ Clinical Cases in PEDIATRICS
Fifth Edition
R Arvind MBBS DCH DNB Consultant Pediatrician and Neonatologist Medical Director Vathsalya Speciality Hospital Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.
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100+ Clinical Cases in Pediatrics
Fourth Edition: 2016
Fifth Edition: 2021
9789390595716
Printed at
My Beloved Father
Late Shri N Rajasekhar
PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION
100+ Clinical Cases in Pediatrics, 5th edition has been thoroughly revised and elaborated. All the possible suggestions, kind remarks from the students and readers have been taken into consideration in this edition. All the cases have been completely updated. Discussion, diagnosis and management of each case have been revised. Three new cases Henoch-Schönlein purpura, Infectious mononucleosis and Obesity have been added in this edition.
Clinical features of the cases have been illustrated with line diagrams and photographs. A comprehensive glossary has been completely revised, elaborated and updated. This helps as a ready reckoner for undergraduate and postgraduate students preparing for various competitive examinations.
This book attempts to improve the clinical and practical approach for undergraduate medical students, interns, and residents in presentation and diagnosis of clinical cases. It will be helpful for the postgraduate students and practicing pediatricians.
R Arvind
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION
With the new Medical Council of India (MCI) guidelines laying more emphasis on clinical and practical skill development rather than theoretical knowledge, there is immense need for a book on common clinical cases in pediatrics. The present book attempts to fulfill this need and aims to help the undergraduate medical students, interns, and residents in diagnosis and presentation of clinical cases. It would also be helpful to the postgraduate students and the practicing pediatricians.
The most commonly encountered and typical cases have been grouped into 12 categories that include birth defects and genetic disorders, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematological, renal, central nervous system, endocrine and metabolic, nutritional, oncological disorders, disorders of connective tissue, bones and joints, and the infectious diseases. Each case has been discussed in detail under history, clinical features, differential diagnosis, complications, and treatment. At the end of each case, multiple choice questions have been added to help the student in revision. A comprehensive and exhaustive glossary has also been included. The book is well illustrated with photographs wherever required.
I thank my wife Dr Chetana, for her suggestions and professional help. I am also thankful to Rachana and Shikhar, the gems of my family, for their cooperation.
I express my deep gratitude to M/s Cyber Avenue, for typing the manuscript.
R Arvind
Acknowledgments
I thank my wife, Dr Chetana, for her professional help. I am thankful to Rachana and Shikhar, for their cooperation. I express my deep gratitude to Mr Abhishek, for typing the manuscript.
My special thanks are due to Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Managing Director), Mr MS Mani (Group President), Ms Chetna Malhotra Vohra (Associate Director—Content Strategy), Ms Pooja Bhandari (Production Head), Dr Rajul Jain (Development Editor), and the staff of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India.