Practical Urology (Instruments, Pathology, Radiology): A Comprehensive Guide Sujata K Patwardhan, Ravindra B Sabnis, Arvind P Ganpule, Abhishek G Singh, Abhijit P Patil, Rohan S Batra
INDEX
Page numbers followed by f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table.
A
Abdomen 269f
Absolute neutrophil count 335
Access devices 96
Access needles 48, 48f
Access sheath 153, 156t
Accessories 79, 87, 137
channel 9
sterilization of 171
Acucise endopyelotomy 80, 80f
Adapters 14f
Adenomas 269
Adequate lymph node dissection 306
Adrenal adenoma, percentage of 319
Adrenal gland 318f
Adrenal mass 268, 318
Adrenal oncocytoma 319
Adrenal tumor 318, 318f
Adrenalectomy 374
complications 377
laparoscopic 376
preoperative preparation for 374
Adrenocortical carcinoma 271
chemotherapy for 346
diagnosis of 319
Advance bipolar systems 126
Air
drying 169f
well termination 205
Airseal 103f
Alanine aminotransferase 334
Albarran lever 7, 8f
Alcohol 164
Aldehyde 165
Alken dilators 50
over alken rod 53f
Alken needle 158f
Alken telescopic metal dilator 53f
Allergic reactions 330
Allport clips 112f
Alpha-adrenergic receptor blockers 374
Ambu® ascopeTM 16f
Amino acid 164
Amlodipine 376
Amplatz dilator 50, 52f
entering calyx 53f
Amplatz fixed core guidewire 141
Amplatz renal dilator set 51
Amplatz sheath 46, 58f
Anderson–Darling test 396
Anesthesia, general 220
Angioedema 345
Angioembolization, indications for 256
Angiomyolipoma 254
medical management for 256
Angle tipped ureteric catheter 138, 138f, 139f
Antireflux surgery, principles of 369
Antiseptics 160
Argon
beam coagulator 132, 132f
properties of 132
Armamentarium 91
Aspartate aminotransferase 334
Atenolol 376
Atraumatic graspers 92
Autosuture and ethicon veress needles 97f
Axitinib 336, 338, 340
B
Bacillus Calmette–Guérin 328
contraindications 329
dose and schedule 329
indications 329
mechanism of action 328
toxicity 329
Balanitis xerotica obliterans 216, 355
Balfour retractor 174
Ball electrode 17
Ball tip fiber 206
Balloon dilator 50, 54
parts of 55f
Balloon ureteric catheter 138
Bar chart 417f
Baskets devices 150
Baumrucker system 30
Benign prostatic hyperplasia 199
management of 199, 210
Bias 429
allocation 430
ascertainment 430
attrition 430
Berkson's 430
channeling 429
chronology 429
citation 430
Hawthorne effect 430
in clinical trials, types of 429t
information 430
instruction 429
lead time 430
length 430
Neyman 430
observer effect 430
performance 429
recall 429
selection 429
Bioabsorbable stent 144
Biopsy 260, 263, 267, 309, 312
forceps 17
sample 313
Biostatistics 393
Bipolar
button electrode 41
circuit 126f
electrode 38
technology, limitations of 39
Bisected radical nephrectomy 300
Bisected radical nephroureterectomy 304f, 308
Bladder 262, 304, 307
cancer
chemotherapy for 327
immunotherapy for 333
palliative chemotherapy for 332
capacity 217, 235
carcinoma, types of 305
diseases, benign 225
diverticulum 225
evacuator, modification of 36f, 37
mass 265, 266
mucosa 361
neck
absence of 373
involvement 323
tumor, treatment for 304
Bland thrombus 259
Bleeding 354
Bleomycin 342, 343
Blinding 432, 434t
types of 433t
Blobbogram 439
Blue-light flexible cystoscopy 17
Blunt dissection 372
Blunt tipped obturator 104
Bonferroni test 409
Bookwalter retractor 174, 174f
Bowel leak 374
Box and whisker plot 420f
Bridge 3, 8
parts of 8f, 9
types of 9
Broken loop 32
Bugbee electrode 20, 20f, 190f
Bugiogram, disadvantages of 221
Bulbar urethra 216, 223
Bulldog clamp 177, 177f
Bulldog clip applier 114
Burst laser therapy 207
C
Cabazitaxel 335
Cabozantinib 337
Calcium channel blockers 375
Calyceal stone, lower 237f
Camera control unit 91, 93
Cannula 92, 100
Capacitative coupling 134, 135f
Carbon dioxide
cylinder 92
pressure regulator valve 92
Carboplatin single agent adjuvant 341
Carcinoma
penis
conditions of 312
types of 312
prostate, chemotherapy for 334
testis, incidence of 316
Case–control study 422
advantages 423
design of 423f
disadvantages 424
Catecholamine synthesis blockade 376
Catheter, loss of 372
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Guidelines 161
C-flex 143
Charge-coupled device 15, 16, 86, 93
Chemical
agents 164
disinfectants, aldehyde group of 164
Chemotherapy 347
adjuvant 332
Chip-on-the-tip principle 86
Chi-square test 409
Choriocarcinoma 316
Chylous ascite 386
Circle nephrostomy tubes 150
Cisplatin 340, 343, 345, 346
Clip applicator and staplers 91, 108
Close-end catheter 137
Clutton metallic bougie 182
Coaxial cable laparoscopes 115
Cohen's cross trigonal technique 389, 390f
Cohort study 424
design of 424f
Color code disk 4, 7
Compact operating fiber ureterorenoscope 78
Complementary metal oxide semiconductor 16
image sensors 15, 86
Cone tipped ureteric catheter 137, 138f
Continuous flow resectoscope 27f
Continuous irrigation sheath 23, 26, 57
Continuous laser 199
Contralateral testicular biopsy, role of 316
Conventional fiberoptic flexible ureteroscope, parts of 82
Conventional rod-lens system 13, 13t
Cook flexor access sheath 155f
Cooley vascular clamp 178, 178f
Councilman catheter 149
Creatinine 232, 233
Cryotherapy 133
Culp-DeWeerd spiral flap 368
Cystectomy 304306
Cystogram 220, 226f
Cystolithotomy, laparoscopic 46
Cystolithotripsy
adapter 46f
percutaneous 46
Cystolithotrity instruments 43
Cystoprostatectomy 304, 304f, 307f
Cystoscope 3
beak 6
types of 6f
color coding for 11f
obturator 3
parts of 4f, 13f
sheath 35, 5f
urethroscope sheath 189, 189f
Cystoscopies, sterilization of 172
Cystourethroscope 186, 186f
adolescent 188f
types of 10
D
D'Agostino–Pearson normality test 406
Dangler stents 144
Data
analysis 436
continuous 438
detecting normalcy of 397f
dichotomous 438
extraction 436
Gaussian 396f
homogeneity of 437
non-normal 396f
non-symmetrical 396f
normal 396f
normalcy of 397f
symmetrical 396f
type of 438
De Pezzer catheters 150
Debakey vascular
clamps 178, 179f
forceps 179, 180f
Deflux 195
injection, instruments for 194
needles, cystoscope for use with 189
Denis brown abdominal retractor 175, 175f
Desiccation 125
Desjardins forceps 179, 180f
Dextérité surgical system DEX® 116, 116f
Diagnostic tests 407
validity of 407
Digital cystourethroscopes 15
Digital flexible ureteroscope 86
advantages of 87
disadvantages of 87
parts of 84
Dilators 182
Diode laser 200, 211
Direct coupling 134, 134f
Disengageable ratchet 106
Disinfection 160, 161
Dissection
hook 92
template of 300f
Distal bulbar stricture 217
Distal hypospadias 350
Distal tubularized incised plate repair 350
Distal ureteric tumor 308, 309
Distal urethra
dissection of 358
incision of 358
Diverticulum 226
acquired 227
cause of 226
congenital 227
Docetaxel 335
Double J stents 142, 144f, 153
Double lumen ureteric catheter 138
Doxazosine 376
Doxorubicin 346
Drug-eluting stents 144
Dual-operating channel ureteroscope 78
Dunnett's post-hoc test 409
E
Echo-tipped ureteral catheter 139f
Ectopic kidney, calculus in 246
Ejaculatory dysfunction 387
Electrocautery 122
Electrodes 193
Electrosurgery 122
Electrosurgical
cutting 125
generator 123
tissue effect 125, 125f
Ellik evacuator 36, 36f
Embolization, preoperative 364
Endocameleon 115
EndoclipTM multiclip applier 112
Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline 374
Endopyelotomy stent 144, 144f
Endoscopic management 46, 216
EndoTIP port 103f
Energy
sources 66, 122
transmission 205
Enseal 128f
Enucleation, techniques of 211
Epididymoorchitis 222
Erectile dysfunction 372
prevention of 373
Ergonomic body support 117, 117f
Ethicon endosurgery generator 128
ETHOSTM platform 117, 118f
Ethyl alcohol 164
Ethylene oxide 89, 164, 173
gas 163
sterilization 163
Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene 206
Etoposide 342, 343, 345, 346
Everolimus 338
Excision 355
Exophytic component 254f
Exophytic mass 260f
Extended length cystoscope-urethroscope 10
Extension cord 92
Extracapsular extension 322
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 248
Extragonadal germ cell tumor, chemotherapy for 345
Extrarenal pelvis 254
Eyepiece 76, 82
lateral 194
types of 79f
F
Fairhurst formula 217
Fan retractor 106
Fascial dilator 50, 51f
Fever, persistent high-grade 330
Fiber 206
cystourethroscope 187f
hub 204
size 206
Fiberoptic
cystourethroscopes 13
flexible ureteroscope 81
telescope 62f
ureteroscope 86
Fistula, urethrocutaneous 354
Flaps
epilation of 355
vascularity of 355
Flexible biopsy forceps 17, 18f
Flexible cystourethroscopes 13, 14f, 16t
advancements in 15
advantages of 15
indications of 15
Flexible fiberoptic ureteroscope, basic design of 82
Flexible ureteroscopes 81, 82f, 84, 172
evolution of 81
tip of 83f
types of 81
Fluorouracil 340
Foley adapter 217
Foley catheter 23, 145, 146, 148f, 149, 216, 217, 361, 368
color coding for 147t
simple 146
types of 146
Forceps, types of 157
Formaldehyde 164, 166
Frequency spectrum 123, 123f
Fulguration 125
anticipate after 233
Funnel plot 438
G
Gapometry index 221
Gelpi retractor 175
Gemcitabine 328
contraindications 328
indications 328
Genitourinary system 345
Germ cell tumor 315, 316
Germicide 160
Gibbons catheter 145
Gil vernet hilar retractor 176, 177f
Glans wings, adequate mobilization of 353f
Gleason's grade 322
Glenn–Anderson technique 388, 389f
Glutaraldehyde 164, 165
Gonadal tumor, chemotherapy for 345
Gorget 183, 185f
Grasping forceps 17
Green light laser 200, 211
Guidewire 140
parts of 141f
types of 141f
Guy's STONE score 242f
Gyrus loop 40f
Gyrus PK tissue management system 127
H
Harrington retractor 175
Hassan trocar 104
Haygrove sound 183, 184f
Hematological reasons, dose modification for 335t, 346t
Hematoma 273, 354, 365
Hematopoietic tumor 315
Hematuria catheters 146
Hem-O-lok clip applicator 109, 110, 110f, 111
Hemorrhage 300f, 373
Hemostasis 363
Hemostat style ratchet 106
Hendrickson's classical lithotrite 45f
Heparin 144
Hepatic dysfunction, dose modification to 334t
Hexaminolevulinate 17
High frequency cable 33, 35f
High pressure reflux 235
High watt holmium laser 204, 207
Histogram 419f
Holmdahl formula 217
Holmium laser 200, 210
lithotripsy
pulse frequency in 207
pulse variation in 208
Holmium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser 200, 202, 202f
Hook electrode 189f
Hopkins rod-lens system 12, 13, 13t
Hormone refractory prostate cancer 335
Hounsfield unit 240
Human prostate tissue 322f
Hutch diverticulum 196
Hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization 162
Hydronephrosis 263
bilateral 246
classify 252
Hydrophilic coating 156
Hyperoxaluria, types of 244
Hyperplasia, prostatic 322f
Hypersensitivity reaction 344
Hypospadias 350
Hypotension 345
Hypothyroidism 337
Hysterectomy, steps of 373
I
Ifosfamide 343, 345
dose modification for 344t
Iglesias outer sheath with nephroscope 46
Ileus 374
Incidentaloma 270
Indoscope 89f
Inguinal orchiectomy 314
Initial puncture needle 49, 50
Inlet and outlet vent 4, 7
Inlet channel 23
Inner preputial skin graft 353f
Instruments 1, 48
insert of 105
laparoscopic 91
Insufflators 92, 96
types of 96
Insulation failure 134, 135f
Integrated ultrasound and advanced bipolar generators 131
Interlacing video 95
Interlocking clips, types of 111
Intracavernosal injection therapy 372
Intraductal carcinoma 322
Intrarenal holmium laser lithotripsy 208f
Intravenous pyelogram 142, 229, 240f
Intravenous urogram 252f
Iodophors 167
Ipilimumab 339
Isopropyl alcohol 164
Isotope renogram 253
K
Karl Storz
bipolar resectoscope loop 40
cystoscopes sheaths 3t
endoscopes, specifications of 77f
semirigid ureteroscope 76
Kaye's tamponade balloon 149
Kelly retractor 175
Keyhole sign 232
Kidney 246, 273, 307
mass 254f
nonfunctional 196, 266
Kilian septum speculum 183, 184f
Kink resistant sheath 156
Koff's formula 217
Kolmogorov–Smirnov test 396
Koraitim's Golden triad 358
Kurtosis 399
L
Lambert–Kay vascular inferior vena cava clamp 179, 180f
Laparoscopes 115, 115f, 116f
Laparoscopic camera 92, 93f
Laparoscopic dissecting instruments 91
Laparoscopic instruments 91
sterilization of 171
Laparoscopic needle holder 92
Laparoscopic scissors 92, 107, 108
parts of 101f
types of 108f
Laparoscopic video monitor 94
Laparoscopy 370
instruments 91
new platforms for 117
Laser 199
beam production in holmium laser, mechanism of 201
fiber
anatomy of 204, 205f
configuration of 206
freshen tip of 212
lithotripsy 212
settings 207
techniques of 210
properties and mechanism of action 200
system 204
Latzko repair 361
Leich–Gregoir extravesical approach 390
Lesion, differential diagnoses of 312
Leusch obturator 28
Lich–Gregoir technique 391f
Li–Fraumeni syndrome 272
Ligasure 126, 127f
devices 126
Light
amplification by stimulated emission of radiation 132, 199
cable 3
pillar 13
source 91
transmission fiberoptic cable 91
Linear regression analysis 413
Linear trend, test for 409
Lister's dilators 182f
Lister's metallic bougie 183
Lithoclast master 69f
Lithoclast
mechanism of action of 67f
with suction 68, 68f
Lithotripsy 198
Lithotripter 67
Lithovue 88f
Logic type flexible ureteroscope 82f
Loops
classification of 31
control mechanism 29
types of 33, 34f
Low power suction with drainage 65f
Lower polar exophytic large mass 259
Lower ureter, filling defect in 262f
L-size clip color code 110f
Ludwik's straight knife waveform 22
Lymph node 306, 311
status 311
Lymphadenectomy, regional 366
Lymphocele ascite 386
Lymphoid tumor 315
M
Malecot catheter 145, 149, 149f
Malleable retractor 174
Manhes style ratchet 106
Mann–Whitney test 410
Manual ventilation bags 164
Marberger compact operating fiber ureterorenoscope 78
Mauermayer stone punch 44, 45f
Meatal
retrusion 355
stenosis 354
Meatotomy scissor 17, 18f
Medial lobe resection 211
Medium-flow rates 97
Megaureter, etiology of 231
Memokath deployment, steps of 143
Mesenteric artery, inferior 278
Meta-analysis 436
methods 438t
Metal cannula 104f
Metallic bougie 182
use of 183
Metallic serial telescopic dilators 53
Metallic stent 143
Metastatic disease 257
Michel ureteroscope 78
Microperc 60, 62f, 66
Microwave ablation 133
Micturating cystourethrogram 216, 219f, 222f, 223, 223f, 224f, 232f, 234f
anteroposterior plate 228f
Mid ureteric stone stent 247
Millin's self-retaining bladder retractor 175, 176f
Miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomies 63
Minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy 60, 63f
Minimally invasive surgery 134
Miniperc 58
accessories 61f
Mitomycin C 327
contraindications 327
indications 327
Mitotane 346
Monopolar circuit 124, 124f
Moses technology 207
Multiload applicator 112f
Muscle
invasive bladder
cancer, chemotherapy for 330
tumor 304
invasive disease, high-grade 267
N
Narrow band imaging 16
Necrosis with cystic changes 300f
Needle
driver, parts of 107
holder 107
parts of 107f
types of 49, 49f
Needloscopes 115
Negative predictive value 408
Nelaton catheter 145, 149, 150f
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy 330
advantage of 331
Neobladder, contraindications of 306
Neodymium:yttrium aluminum 200
garnet 199
laser 199, 202
Nephrectomy 362
preoperative evaluation 362
segmental 364
simple 362
Nephrocalcinosis 243
types of 244
Nephrometry score 260
Nephroscopes 46, 55, 56f, 58
grips of 57f
types of 55
Nephrostomy 245
tubes 148
Nephroureterectomy 306, 309
specimen of 307f
Nerves, preservation of 385
Nesbit system 29
Neuroblastoma 319
Neuroendocrine tumors, chemotherapy for 345
Neurogenic bladder 227, 228
type of 228
Newman's test 409
Nickel 143
Nifedipine 376
Nitinol core hydrophilic guidewire 141
Nivolumab 339
Non-functional adrenal incidentaloma 320
Non-germ cell tumors 315
Noninterlocking titanium 109
Nottingham urethral dilator 154f
O
Obstructive megaureter, bilateral primary 229
Obturator 9, 22, 101
specifications of 9
types of 10f, 10t
Ocular lens 82
Olympus
electrode 40f
Turis system 39
ureteroscopes 79
One-tailed test 402
Onlay island flap technique 351f
Online sample size calculator 404f, 405f
Open abdominal surgery 370
Open adrenalectomy 376
Open cystolithotomy 46
Open end catheter 137, 145
Open surgery 122, 123
retractors 174
Open urology instruments 174
Optical system 82
Optiview 102, 102f
Orthophthalaldehyde 166
Orthotopic kidney 247
Otis maurmyers urethrotome 21, 23, 24f
P
P value 399
Paclitaxel 343
dose modification for 344t
Pan anterior urethral stricture 215
Pancreatic injuries 365
Paragangliomas, assessment of 271
Paraureteric diverticula 235
Parenchyma 239
Partial nephrectomy 261, 363
complications of 364, 365
indications 363
procedures 363
relative contraindications 363
Partial orchiectomy 381
procedure 381f
Partial penectomy 311, 313, 378
specimen 312f
steps in 379f
Passive dilators 153
Passive element, advantages of 31
Pazopanib 337
Pearson's correlation 410, 415
and simple linear regression, difference between 411t
Pearson's normality test 396
Pediatric
cystoscope-urethro-fiberscope 189f, 190f, 196f, 197
cystourethroscope 188f
endourology instruments 186
instruments 47
operating cystourethroscope 189
optical urethrotome 190, 190f
resectoscope 191, 191f, 192f
uretero-reno-fiberscope 196, 197f
ureterorenoscope 193, 193f, 197t
urology 186, 229
Pelvic
stone, right 237f
ureteric junction obstruction 250
Pelvicalyceal system 240f, 258
Pelvis 269f
Pelviureteric junction 142, 308
obstruction, diagnose secondary 235
Pembrolizumab 333, 336, 340
exclude 333
indication 333
Penile length, stretch of 310
Penile
mass 310, 378
tumor 310
urethra 216, 223
abnormal 353f
stricture 356
Penis 340
carcinoma 311, 312
Penoscrotal junction 223
Per acetic acid 167
Percuflex 143
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy 48, 157, 173, 440f
accessories 157
forceps 171
instruments 48
tract dilators 50
Percutaneous universal nephroscope 56
Perineal urethroplasty, progressive 357
Perineal urethrostomy 379
Peritoneal incision, marking of 383f
Peritoneum 373
Phaeochromocytoma, assessment of 271
Phenoxybenzamine 375, 376
Pheochromocytoma 376t
diagnose 269
metastatic 319
tumors 269, 319
Pie chart 418f
Pig tail ureteric catheter 138, 145, 149f
Pirads scoring 323
PK system 127f
Plasma
aldosterone concentration 271
kinetic resection loop 40
renin activity 271
sterilization 162
Politano–Leadbetter technique 387, 388f
Polymer 143
clips 109
Polytetrafluoroethylene 50
Polyurethane 143
stents 143
Polyvinylchloride 145
Positive predictive value 407
Posterior urethra 220f, 222, 223
Post-hoc tests 409
Post-traumatic posterior urethral injuries 218
Potassium titanyl phosphate 199, 200
laser 202
Prednisolone 335
Primary pelviureteric junction obstruction 254
Propanolol 376
Prostate
bipolar transurethral resection of 38, 39
carcinoma 323
chips 36
enlarged 227
instruments, transurethral resection of 25
removal of 370
sparing radical cystectomy 305
syndrome, transurethral resection of 35
transurethral enucleation of 42f
transurethral resection of 10, 25, 34, 38, 38f, 173
transurethral vaporization of 41
Prostatic urethral length 5
Proximal penile urethra 223
Pubectomy, inferior 358
Pulse
energy 207
energy, use of 204
Pulsed laser 199
P-value 400f
Pyelolithotomy, laparoscopic 249
Pyeloplasty 367
Q
Quasi-bipolar 39
R
Rack and pinion system 29
Radiation therapy, complications after 374
Radical cystectomy 305, 372
complications 373
Radical inguinal orchiectomy 380f
Radical nephrectomy 366
indications 366
Radical orchiectomy 380
complications 382
Radical penectomy 310, 311, 313
specimen 310f
Radical prostatectomy 321, 369, 373
complications 371, 372
specimen 321, 321f
surgical technique 370
Radiofrequency 122
ablation 133
energy 162
Radiopacity, differential diagnosis of 247
Randomization 431
types of 431t
Randomized controlled trials 426, 427fc
advantages of 428
disadvantages of 428
types of 428, 428f
Rectal injury 371, 373
Red rubber catheter 145
Re-entry catheter 150, 150f
Reflux
disease 230
primary 234
secondary 234
Regression analysis 413
types of 414t
Renal angiography 261
Renal calculi, bilateral 237
Renal cell carcinoma 175, 264, 336
adjuvant therapy for 336
metastatic 336
Renal dysfunction 366
Renal exploration 278
Renal imaging 250
Renal injury 276
Renal mass 256, 258, 258f
right 257f
Renal oncocytoma 319
Renal reconstructive surgery 278
Renal trauma 274f, 275f, 278
classification of 276
indications for
nephrectomy in 279
surgery in 277
management in 277
postoperative complications of 279
radiological investigations for 276
role of angioembolization in 277
severity of 276
Renal tubular acidosis 244
types 244
Renal tumors, differential diagnoses in 302
Renal vein thrombus 264f
Renovascular injuries 279
Resectoscope 25, 27, 27f, 191
electrodes 193f
external end of 28, 28f
obturator 29f
parts of 25
sheath 25
parts of 28
Retracting instruments 91
Retrocaval ureter 279, 279f, 280
types of 280
Retrograde endopyelotomy, instruments used in 79
Retrograde intrarenal surgery 393, 440f
Retrograde urethrogram 215, 215f, 217f, 219f, 220f, 222f224f
Retroperitoneal approach, instruments used for 104
Retroperitoneal hematoma 277
Retroperitoneal lymph node 175
dissection 382, 384f, 385f
preoperative planning 382
steps 382
types 382
Retropulsion devices 150, 152
types of 151f
Retrospective cohort study 425
design of 425f
Reusable flexible ureteroscopes 85t
Reusable trocars 104
Richard wolf ureteroscopes 78
Rigid biopsy forceps 19, 19f
Rigid neonatal cystourethroscope 186
Ring retractor 176, 176f
Road traffic accident 273
Robinson catheter 145
Robotic
devices 118
drapes 119
instrumentation 119
instruments 91
surgery 117, 123, 370
systems 120, 121
trocars 119
working instruments 119
Rod-lens system 11, 12f
Roizen criteria 375
S
Sachse's optical urethrotome 21, 21f, 23
Saline, transurethral resection in 39
Satinsky forceps, laparoscopic 114
Satinsky vascular clamp 92, 177, 178f
Scardino spiral flap 368
Scatter graph 419f
Scintigraphy, dynamic 311
Scissors
parts of 108
types of 212
Screw dilators 50, 51, 52f
Scrotal skin lymphatic drainage 314
Self-retaining catheters 145
Seminal vesicles 323
Seminoma 341
Semirigid ureteroscope, parts of 76f
Semirigid ureteroscopy 74
classification 75
Sensor wire 142
Sepsis 233
Serial teflon ureteral dilator 153, 154f, 218
Shah superperc sheaths 65f
Shapiro–Wilk normality test 396
Sheldon staging system 305
ShockPulse and lithoclast master 70t
ShockPulse lithotripter 70f
mechanism of action of 71f
ShockPulse, shockwaves of 71f
Shockpulse-SETM lithotripter 69
Silicone 143
Foley catheters 146
stent 143
Siliconized latex Foley catheters 146
Simple rubber catheter 145
Single-use flexible ureteroscopes 86t, 87
Sinusoidal obstructive syndrome 349
SIOP staging system 303
Skewness 399
Small renal mass 260, 261
Small testicular carcinoma 314f
Snodgrass repair 350
Sober ureterostomy 231
Solid state lasers 200
Spatula blade 130
Spermatocytic tumor 316
Spiral tip ureteral access catheter 140
Splenic injury 365
Squamous cell carcinoma 305, 312
chemotherapy in 340
Stacked bar chart 418f
Staghorn stone 238, 241
common composition of 241
Stainless steel core guidewire 140
Stapler
laparoscopic 113
parts of 113f
Statistical test 406fc, 410t
paired data 406fc
unpaired data 405fc
Steam sterilization 161
Stents
length of 144f
removal forceps 19, 19f
types of 143
Sterilization 160, 161, 165, 170, 171
different methods of 161
methods 173t
steps of 167
Stethoscopes 164
Stone 240, 244
basket 17
burden 241
catcher 66f
clinic effect 238
crushing forceps 43
holding forceps 114, 179
management, laser for 199
score 242t
score, types of 241
Storz and Wolf instrument 106f
Storz camera hub 93f
Storz miniperc dilator 58f
Storz nephroscope 59f
Storz new minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy system 63
Storz pediatric cystourethroscope 187
Straight distending obturator 28
Stricture disease 215
Stripping fiber 206
Study design, types of 394fc
Study subjects, selection of 425
Substitution urethroplasty 356
Suction cannula 157, 157f
Suction irrigation
apparatus 92
cannula 92
Sulfhydryl enzymes, alkylation of 164
Sunitinib 336, 337
Super hi-vision system 95
Suprapubic catheter 220
Suprapubic cystolithotomy 180
Suprapubic cystolithotripsy 46
Surgery 122
laparoscopic 122, 123
Survival analysis Kaplan–Meier curves 421, 421f
Swiss lithoclast master 67, 68
shockwaves of 69f
Symphysis pubis, umbilicus to 372
T
T test 408
Telescope 3, 11, 92
basic structure of 13
channel 9
laparoscopic 91
parts of 13
sterilization of 172
Telescopic metal dilators 50
Temsirolimus 339
Teratoma syndrome 317
Testicular
cancers, chemotherapy in 341
mass 314
tumor 314
types of 315
Testis, carcinoma of 316, 380
Thiersch–Duplay technique 352
Thompson walker suprapubic cystolithotomy forceps 179, 181f
Three dimensional video technology 96f
Three-incision technique 211
Three-way
catheters with color codes 148f
Foley hematuria catheters 147
hemostatic catheters 146, 147
Thromboembolism, venous 374
Thrombus, venous 259
Thudicum 183, 184f
Thulium fiber laser 200, 203, 203f, 204, 211, 212
advantages of 204
Thulium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser 200, 203, 212
Tiemann catheter 148, 149f
Tissue ischemia 353
Titanium alloy 143
Toomey syringe 36f, 37
Toothed grasper 92
Torqueable tip ureteral access catheter 139f, 140
Toxicity 343, 344, 346
Tract dilators 50
Transitional cell carcinoma 133, 263, 264
Transurethral cystolithotripsy 46
Transurethral resection syndrome 39
Transverse preputial island flap 351
Trauma, abdominal 277
Trocars 91, 92, 99
classification 99f
Tumor
benign 263
in ureter, types of 262
malignant 263
metastatic 317
origin of 310
paratesticular 315
stages of 302
T stage of 257
thrombus 259
triphasic nature of 301
type of 313
Turkey's test 409
Turner Warwick 185f
needle holder 185
retractor set 176
Two-tailed test 402
U
Ultramini percutaneous nephrolithotomy 60, 62f
Ultrasonic
devices 131
dissectors 129, 130
generator 129, 129f
hook 130
Ultrasonography 171
Ultrasound
instruments 164
physics of 129
Ultrathin ureteroscope 79
Unpaired T test 408
Upper urinary tract 74
Urachal carcinoma, stages of 305
Ureter
bilateral 373
pathology 304
Ureteral balloon dilator 153
Ureteric catheter 137, 138f
types of 137, 145
Ureteric dilator 153
Ureteric injury 371
Ureteric mass, lower 262
Ureteric stone
bilateral 244
right 245f
Ureterocalycostomy 368
Ureterocele 196
Ureteropelvic junction, abnormal 367
Ureteroresectoscope 79
Ureteroscopes 78,172
evolution of 74
semicritical item, sterilization of 171
Ureteroscopy 154f
Urethra
posterior 220f, 222, 223
prostatic 304
supracorporal rerouting of 359
tubularization of 352
Urethral balloon dilators 153
Urethral catheters 145
Urethral diverticulum 354
Urethral length gain 359
Urethral stricture 354, 356
anterior 216, 355
Urethral surgery, instruments used in 181
Urethral tumor 310, 311
treatment 311
Urethral valve
anterior 223
posterior 233
Urethrectomy, indications of 306
Urethroplasty 218
Urethrotome knifes 191f
Urethrotomy 23f, 219
Urinary catheter 145
Urinary tract
infection 196, 222
symptoms 227
Urine leak 365, 374
Urinoma, drainage of 368
Urolithiasis 237
Urologic laparoscopy, armamentarium required for 91
Urological malignancies, chemotherapy in 327
Urology 199
lasers in 199
Uroradiology 213
Urothelial bladder cancer 332
Urticaria 345
V
Vaginal repair 360, 361
Valves, types of 233
Vancouver and Harvard style of referencing, differences between 442t
Vapor pulse coagulation 127
Vascular instruments 177
use of 179
Vena cava
inferior 175, 258
thrombectomy, inferior 387
Veno-occlusive disease 349
Ventilators 164
Veress needle 92, 97, 98, 100f
mode 96
parts of 98f
Vesical end knob 9
Vesicoureteric junction 142, 306
Vesicoureteric reflux, causes of 369
Vesicovaginal fistula repair 360
Video monitor 91
Video output 94, 94f
Video resolution and pixels 94, 94t
Video-imaging armamentarium 91
Vinblastine 345
Visiport 101, 102f
Visual internal urethrotomy 21, 218
blades, types of 22f
Voiding dysfunction 196
W
Waveform 124f
Weiss criteria 319
Whistle tip catheter 138
Whitish infiltrative growth 310f
Wilms’ tumor 300, 302
chemotherapy for 347, 348, 348t
origin of 301
types of 301
Windsock sign 233
Wolf and Storz nephroscopes, major differences in 56
Wolf miniature compact fiber cystourethroscope 186
Wolf miniperc
dilators and sheath 59f
nephroscope 60f
Wolf pediatric
optical urethrotome 190
ureterorenoscope 194, 194f
Wound
infection 354
separation 354
X
X-ray pelvis anteroposterior 221f
Y
Yttrium aluminum garnet 199
Y-V plasty 367
Z
Zebra guidewire 142
×
Chapter Notes

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