Manual of Heart Failure Management Harikrishnan S
INDEX
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table.
A
Abdominal distension 339
Acarbose 101
Acetazolamide 327
Acid-base abnormalities 123
Acidosis 386
Acute coronary syndrome 36, 324, 402, 417
Acute decompensated heart failure 8, 46, 91, 103, 107, 108, 121, 329, 344, 380
management 54f
Acute dyspnea 44
evaluation of 47, 48t, 50fc
Acute heart failure 69, 82fc, 84, 112, 324, 329, 380, 381, 402
ultrafiltration in 329
Adenosine diphosphate 417
Adrenaline 381
Adrenergic system 71
Aerobic capacity 262
Aerobic exercise, regular 282
African–American Heart Failure Trial 94
Airways disease 44
Alanine transaminase 413
Alcohol 192, 290, 308
septal ablation 174
Alcoholic cardiomyopathy 192194
epidemiology of 193
natural history of 193
Aldosterone
antagonists 66
blockers 78
receptor
antagonists 67
blockade 262
Allograft rejection, acute 154
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors 101
American College of Cardiology 23, 137, 139, 189, 206, 235, 356, 432
Foundation 216
guidelines 432
American Diabetes Association 308
American Heart Association 23, 63, 137, 139, 160, 189, 216, 235, 414
guidelines 34t, 93, 432
Amiodarone 118, 119, 448
Amphetamines 402
Amphotericin B 97
Amyloid 181
cardiomyopathy 376
light-chain 181, 184
amyloidosis 184
transthyretin 181
amyloidosis 180
Amyloidosis 180, 185
diagnostic evaluation of 184fc
types of 180, 181t
Anemia 272, 290, 368, 386, 396, 429
Angiography 394
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 4, 60, 63, 94, 159, 163, 166, 204, 224, 242, 254, 305, 318, 385, 387
inhibitors 55, 56, 60, 61, 90, 93, 99, 123, 127, 160, 208, 246, 339, 359, 380, 384, 385, 394, 436
Angiotensin-receptor blocker 56, 63, 63t, 64, 90, 93, 94, 99, 123, 127, 159, 160, 208, 246, 295, 318, 327, 339, 359, 385
Angiotensin-receptor-neprilysin inhibitor 4, 5, 33, 35, 55, 56, 64, 68, 84, 123, 127, 145, 159, 246, 295, 339, 347, 359
in-hospital initiation of 85
Anorexia, symptoms of 288
Anterior descending artery, left 414, 436
Anthracycline agents 253, 254
Antialdosterone 384
Antiarrhythmic drugs 380, 385, 431
Antiarrhythmic medications 96
Anticancer
medications 97
therapy 184, 253
Anticoagulant 380, 385
therapy 408
Antidiabetes medications 96
Antidiabetic drugs 99, 100t
Antidiuretic hormone 414
Anti-infective medications 97
Anti-inflammatory
agents 261, 401
effects 247
medications 96
treatments 247
Anti-ischemic role 382
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis 94
Antiplatelets 380
Antipsychotics 98
Antirejection drugs 153
Anti-renin–angiotensin therapy 262
Antistreptolysin O 24
Anti-viral therapies 247
Anxiety 445
Aorta 260
coarctation of 370, 421
critical 366
Aortic dissection 344
flap 227
Aortic regurgitation 220, 222, 223t, 224, 239, 366, 382, 383, 415, 429
acute 225, 227
Aortic root disease 220
Aortic stenosis 213, 216, 239, 387, 421
setting of 215
Aortic valve
area 216
disease 213
replacement 215, 217, 225
Aortopulmonary collateral arteries 429
Aortopulmonary window 389, 439
Apoptosis antigen 1 39
Aquapheresis 335fc
Arginine vasopressin 121, 329
antagonists 122
Arrhythmia 110, 118, 160, 187, 196, 301, 367, 370, 408, 429, 431
induced cardiomyopathy 166, 368
management 118
treatment for 190
Arrhythmogenic ventricular
cardiomyopathy 372, 377
dysplasia 26
Arterial blood gas 380
Arterial hypovolemia 330
Artery stenosis 64
Arthralgia 94
Arthritis 399
Aspirin 415
Asplenia 387
Asymptomatic mitral stenosis 235t
Atrial arrhythmias 188, 430
Atrial fibrillation 36, 37, 109, 119, 159, 167f, 194, 203, 214, 232, 241, 245, 258, 260, 342, 350, 357
development of 118
Atrial flutter 232
Atrial natriuretic peptide 32, 39, 40
Atrial septal defect 238, 376, 439, 441f, 442f
Atrial tachyarrhythmias 375
Atrial tachycardia 168f
Atrioventricular nodal
disease 375
reentry tachycardia 167, 367
Atrioventricular septal defect 389, 391
Atrioventricular tachycardia 167
Atrioventricular valve 251
regurgitation 421, 435
Auscultation 240
Autoimmune diseases 245, 368
Azathioprine 190
B
Bacterial sepsis 406
Balloon aortic valvuloplasty 217, 204
Barth syndrome 366
Basal measurements 346
Beck depression inventory 301
Bentricular septal defect 379
Benzathine penicillin 204
Benzothiadiazides 76
Beriberi 429
Beta-adrenergics 103
Beta-agonists 103, 104t
Beta-blockers 56, 71, 73, 87, 93, 119, 159, 163, 174, 208, 242, 263, 310, 339, 380, 385, 446
agents 263
evidence-based doses of 72t
prescription 275
therapy 72, 106, 224
Bevacizumab 253
Bicuspid aortic valve 224
Bidirectional Glenn procedure 421
Bioprosthetic valves 242
Biopsy 189
Bisoprolol 72
Bleeding disorder 115
Blood pressure 103, 111, 159, 190, 272, 318, 335, 340, 380, 404, 446
control 58
diastolic 224
low 150
normal 447
systolic 104, 111, 112, 115, 203, 335, 447
Blood urea nitrogen 79, 150, 320, 358
BNP, applications of 34
Body mass index 37, 308
Body surface area 115, 380
Bone tracer cardiac scintigraphy, role of 183
Borg dyspnea scale 346, 346b
Bosentan 380
Bradyarrhythmias 120, 435
Bradycardia 23, 91, 448
Brain natriuretic peptide 3436, 39, 40, 42, 48, 50, 133, 159, 215, 258, 270, 300, 325, 357
Braking phenomenon 331
Breastfeeding 161
Breathing, sleep-disordered 307, 309
Breathlessness 238
Bromocriptine 160
regimens 161f
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome 153
Bumetanide 326, 331, 384
C
Calcium 290
antagonists 443
gluconate 126
Calcium-channel blockers 97, 119, 169, 174, 204
Canadian Cardiovascular Society 99, 100
Cancer 342
Captopril 60
Carbamazepine 98
Carcinoid heart disease 230
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy 154
Cardiac amyloidosis 27
Cardiac arrest 112
Cardiac arrhythmias 91, 301
Cardiac cachexia 288
Cardiac catheterization 30, 223, 233, 251, 351, 394
Cardiac damage, stages of 213f
Cardiac dysfunction 244
chemotherapy induced 356
severe 8
Cardiac function 290
heart failure, treatment of preserved 262
Cardiac glycoside digoxin 90
Cardiac index 54, 110, 112
Cardiac lipotoxicity 287
Cardiac magnetic resonance 26, 171173, 189, 245, 359
imaging 24, 26, 28f, 159, 183, 223, 295, 377, 381
Cardiac output 110, 421
low 381t
Cardiac rehabilitation 284, 285
Cardiac resynchronization therapy 5, 26, 11, 120, 142, 143, 160, 197, 208, 276, 285, 295, 358, 437
Cardiac sarcoidosis 27, 187, 189
management of 189
Cardiac transplantation, acute rejection after 112
Cardiac-stretch biomarkers 260
Cardiogenic shock 105, 111, 112, 401
acute 115
Cardiology community 49
Cardiomyocyte injury, indicator of 40
Cardiomyopathy 150, 368, 372, 377, 379
evaluation of 377
Cardiomyoplasty, passive 137
Cardiopulmonary exercise test 110, 283, 344
Cardiopulmonary surgery 106
Cardiorenal syndrome 105, 324, 326t
classification 324t
Cardiotoxicity, type 1 253
Cardiovascular collapse 448
Cardiovascular deaths 3, 87
Cardiovascular disease 3, 307
development of 290
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging 178
Cardiovascular system, inflammatory disorders of 398
Cardioverter defibrillator, indication for 246
Carditis 401
Carnitine deficiency 366
Carvallo's sign 241
Carvedilol 72
Catecholaminergic agents 103, 381, 394
Catecholamines 381, 402
Catheter ablation 190
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 193
Central venous pressure 105, 112
Cerebrovascular disease 308
Chagas disease 402
Chemotherapy
management of 254
regimen 255
Chest
computed tomography scan of 155
pain 238, 373
radiograph 350
X-ray 23, 188, 203, 206, 222, 227, 232, 376, 380, 391, 407, 441
Child–Pugh score 37
Chills 445
Chlorthalidone 76, 81
Chronic aortic regurgitation 221, 225
natural history of 224
Chronic constrictive pericarditis 249, 252
clinical presentation 250
diagnosis 250
differential diagnosis 251
etiology 249
pathophysiology 249
physical examination 250
treatment 251
Chronic heart failure 71, 78, 112, 119, 145, 324, 383, 402
management of 55
Chronic kidney disease 64, 217, 260, 288, 304, 307, 310, 324, 327, 342, 350
prevention of 310
Cilostazol 97
Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy 197
Cisplatin 253
Cognitive behavioral therapy 302
Combination therapy 331
Commissurotomy 234
Comorbid conditions, treatment of 395
Complete blood count 190, 380
Complete heart block 430
Computed tomography 171, 404
Conduction defects 408
Congenital heart disease 3, 150, 365368, 373, 379, 387, 420, 435, 439
clinical classification of 439t
treatment of 5
Congestion
signs of 269
symptoms of 269
Congestive heart failure 72, 192, 396
Connective tissue diseases 220
Constrictive pericarditis 376
Continuous venovenous hemofiltration 332
Contraception 162
Corona virus infection 306
Coronary angiogram 110
Coronary angiography 24, 217
Coronary artery 413
abnormalities 414
aneurysm 408
thrombosis in 417
bypass graft 28, 105, 136, 178, 210
dilatation 408
disease 110, 214, 233, 239, 307, 308, 316, 342, 359, 367, 368
left main 414
right 414, 436
surgery study 137
thrombosis 417
Coronary blood flow, portion of 221
Coronary compression 376
Coronary revascularization 137, 261
Coronavirus disease, pandemic of 406
Corticosteroids 189
COVID-19 49, 317, 406, 408t
related lung injury 49
vaccination 306
C-reactive protein 399, 404, 407, 413
Creatine kinase 407
myocardial band 402
Creatine phosphokinase-myocardial band 377
Creatinine 320
Critical pulmonary stenosis 367
Cyanotic congenital heart diseases 428
diagnosis of 375
Cyanotic heart disease 390, 392
Cyclophosphamide 253, 402
Cyclosporine 125
Cytomegalovirus 152, 401
Cytoplasmic inclusion 411
D
Dallas criteria 244
Dasatinib 253
Daunorubicin 253
De novo heart failure, acute 78
Decompensated dilated cardiomyopathy 382
Decongestive therapy 352
Defibrillator shocks 150
Deoxyribonucleic acid 247
Depression 274, 301
prevalence of 274
Derive left ventricular mass index 21
Derive tricuspid regurgitation velocity 20
Device therapy 59, 142, 142fc, 143, 179
Dexrazoxane infusion 254
Diabetes 288, 307, 308
mellitus 17, 68, 99, 342
type 2 312
Diaphoresis 370
Diarrhea 238
Diastolic dysfunction 36, 261, 420
assessment of 17
grading of 17, 17fc
presence of 256
Diastolic function, echocardiographic assessment of 17
Diastolic pressure gradient 349
Diastolic pulmonary gradient 110, 352
Dietary sodium 308
restriction 57, 330
DiGeorge syndrome 387
Digitalis 125, 264
Digoxin 58, 9092, 118, 159, 380, 385
dosage of 91t
Dilated cardiomyopathy 24, 28f, 162, 192, 318, 368, 372, 373, 376, 377, 379, 383,
Dilated pulmonary artery 241, 376
Diltiazem 55, 97
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 100
inhibitors 101
Direct-acting oral anticoagulants 216
Disease management system 315
Disopyramide 96, 174
Diuretic 57, 174, 206, 261, 380
agents 204
infusion therapy 80
resistance 80
use of 308
Diuretic therapy 76, 81, 81fc, 261
doses of 395
optimization of 341
stepwise 326t
Dizziness 94, 445
Dobutamine 103106, 326, 352, 381, 382, 394, 445
low dose 27
stress echocardiography 216
Docetaxel 253
Domiciliary diuretic therapy 394
Dopamine 103105, 326, 381, 382, 394, 445
Double outlet right ventricle 428
Down's syndrome 389
Doxazosin 97
Doxorubicin 253, 254
Doxycycline 184
Dronedarone 97
Drug
administration of 445t
effects, mechanisms of 294
withdrawal, premise of 293
Drug therapy
chronic 436
de-escalation of 293
Duchenne muscular dystrophy 366
Durable left ventricular assist devices, indications for 113
Durable mechanical circulatory support 113
contraindications for 113
indications for 113
strategies in 115
Dynamic cardiomyoplasty 137
Dyslipidemia 307
Dysmetabolism 260
Dysplastic tricuspid valve 376
Dyspnea 52, 330, 373
acute severe 47
appearance of 234
causes of 24
level of 47
E
Early Fontan failure 421
Ebstein's anomaly 238, 241, 376
severe neonatal 377
Echocardiogram 182, 232, 351, 414
Echocardiography 14, 23, 158, 171, 172, 177, 188, 204, 215, 227, 377, 380, 392, 424
Ectopic atrial
rhythm 375
tachycardia 367
Edema 150, 272, 365
Eisenmenger syndrome 134, 390, 439, 441f
Ejection fraction 7t, 15f, 142, 150, 158, 163, 167, 172, 318, 356, 387
normalization of 358
reduced 63, 88, 254, 256, 260, 293, 327
regardless of 87
ventricular 66
Electrical cardioversion 118
Electrocardiogram 23, 124, 125, 177, 182, 188, 195, 203, 206, 215, 222, 227, 232, 245, 350, 359, 380, 392, 414, 424, 441, 442
Electrocardiography 158, 171, 341, 375
Electrolyte 55, 123
disturbances 128
imbalance 334
Electrophysiology 431
study 190
Elevated C-reactive protein 402
Elevated pulmonary artery 150
Emerging therapeutic strategies 247
Emotional stress 232
Enalapril 60
Endogenous catecholamines 71
Endomyocardial biopsy 24, 31, 153, 189, 243, 244, 377
End-organ
dysfunction 150
function 326
hypoperfusion 111
perfusion 326
Endothelin receptor antagonists 353, 443
Endoventricular repair 138f
Enoximone 103
Eosinophilic myocarditis 402
Epinephrine 103, 104, 445
Epirubicin 253
Eplerenone 57, 67, 68t, 69, 276, 384
Epoprostenol 97
Epstein–Barr virus 401
Eradicate pharyngeal streptococcal infection 400
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 399, 402, 413
Estimated glomerular filtration rate 57, 61, 68, 99, 126, 184
Ethanol 192
European Coronary Surgery Study 137
European League Against Rheumatism 404
European Society of Cardiology 20, 26, 90, 139, 158, 173, 234
guidelines 34t, 93, 105, 132
Euvolemia 101
Exercise
benefits of 282
training, types of 283
Exertional dyspnea 222
Extracellular volume fraction 183
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 113
Extracorporeal modalities 332t
Extracorporeal therapy 332
Extravascular pulmonary fluid 333
F
Failing heart 287
Fatigue 238, 373
Fatty acid
normal delivery of 287
oxidation 287
Ferric carboxymaltose 133, 134, 134t
Ferumoxytol 133
Ficks's principle 352
Filling pressures, surrogate for 262
Fixed-dose combination isosorbide dinitrate 95
Flecainide 96
Fluid 122
reinforcement of 342
restriction 287
volume 333f
Fluorodeoxyglucose 190
positron emission tomography 188
Fontan failure 419, 421, 423t, 424
causes of 425t
management of 424, 425
pathophysiology of 421fc
Fontan physiology 419
Food and Drug Administration 64, 98, 101, 128, 137, 380
Frusemide 77t, 80
Fulminant myocarditis, acute 112
Functional mitral regurgitation 179
Functional pulmonary atresia 377
Furosemide 77t, 82, 326, 331, 384
therapy 394
G
Gamma-glutamyl transferase 413
Gastroesophageal reflux disease 152
Gastrointestinal bleed 325
General anesthesia 432
Generate adenosine triphosphates 287
Gentamicin 325
Global longitudinal strain 15, 258, 358
Global ventricular function 14
Glomerular filtration rate 38, 79, 85, 121, 329, 350, 358
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists 100, 102
Glucocorticoid 67
Glucose-insulin 126
Glycated hemoglobin 340
Graft dysfunction, primary 154
Great arteries
congenitally corrected transposition of 435
transposition of 428, 435, 437
Growth failure 365
Guideline-directed medical therapy 5t, 54, 82, 93, 320, 359
initiation of 341
Gynecomastia 69
H
Haemophilus influenza 387
type B vaccine 386
Hannover protocol 161f
Headache 445
Heart 27
block 71, 73
defects, congenital 389
dysfunction of 324
transplantation 148150, 154155, 352b, 353, 437
Heart disease 350fc
end-stage 150
Heart failure 1, 4, 4t, 5, 12t, 14, 26, 36, 39t, 43, 54, 63, 63t, 71, 72t, 76, 87, 90, 96, 96t, 100, 118120, 125, 131, 145, 145b, 155, 163, 168f, 179, 188, 203, 206, 214, 224, 230, 238, 243, 255, 269, 271, 273, 275t, 277, 287, 289, 290, 301, 324, 326t, 332t, 344, 356, 370, 372, 387, 389, 391f, 401, 429, 431
acute
decompensated 339t
primary 380
advanced 8, 104, 106
biomarkers of 39
burden of 6
causes for
pediatric 368t
shunt-related 389t
classification of 7t, 372t
clinic 315, 318f, 320, 321, 322b
components of 316
clinical manifestations of 308
conditions causing 387t
data 149
decompensated 76
development of 288, 308, 310, 311, 438
diagnosis of 11, 32, 256, 257f
diastolic 66, 262
drugs, stop 293
epidemiology of 3
etiology of 367t
pediatric 366t
evaluation of 215, 232, 243
exercise in 282
high risk of 307
hospitalization for 84
incidence of 66, 315
indications for drugs in pediatric 387t
initiation 63
laboratory analysis 33
management of 11, 51, 58, 123, 216, 234, 243, 253, 254, 287, 300, 301, 315, 324
acute decompensated 54
depression in 301
mechanical circulatory support for 110
mechanism of alcohol-induced 194
medical
management of 330
stabilization of 394
therapy 234
medication adherence in 297
method of managing 321
monitoring 64
treatment of 380
natural history of 150
number of 275
outcome of 373
pathophysiologic of 230
pharmacological treatment for 260, 295
pharmacotherapy
regimens, duration of 163fc
safety of 159t
phosphodiesterase inhibitors in 103, 107, 264, 353, 382, 443
physical activity training in 282
physiology 32
prevention of 5, 307, 308t, 309, 311, 312
prognosis in 288, 331
readmission risks in 275, 276f
reducing 271
readmissions in 271
rehabilitation program 342
related hospitalizations, predictive of 274t
revascularization trial 27
risk factors of 309
risk for 311
treatment 67
role in 26, 63, 263
setting of 329, 331t
severe 291
shunt-related 389
signs of 11, 273
stable 8
stages of 9t
statins in 265
subacute 402
surgical
management of 136
therapy 234
survival score 150
symptom complex 232
symptomatic 301
symptoms of 11, 273
to ejection fraction 7
treating pediatric 379, 379t
treatment of 287, 315
systolic 87
triad 23
types 7
undernutrition in 287
vaccination in 304, 305
with improved ejection fraction 356
with preserved ejection fraction 256, 260, 261, 285, 330t, 346, 348, 350, 353, 356, 422
with recovered ejection fraction 356, 359
with reduced ejection fraction 330t, 342, 348, 350, 356
Heart Failure Association 258f
Heart rate 71, 118, 266, 295, 318, 335, 340
high 150
optimal 87
Heart Rhythm Society 188
Heavy alcoholism 193
Helminthic infection 402
Hemochromatosis 187
diagnosis of 26
Hemoconcentration 270
Hemodynamic criteria 111
Hemodynamic parameters 110
Hemoglobin 134, 340, 386
Hemogram 55
Heparin 125
Hepatic function 110, 152
Hepatitis
B 152
C 152, 401
Hepatomegaly 370
Herpes simplex 152
Hibernating myocardium 27
High intensity interval training 283
Holiday heart syndrome 194
Holter monitoring 188
HRIDAY card 319f
Human herpesvirus 6 401
Human immunodeficiency virus 152, 249
Human leukocyte antigen 152
Hydralazine 58, 9395
Hydrochlorothiazide 81
Hydroxychloroquine 190
Hyperkalemia 57, 68, 125
etiopathogenesis of 125
severe 126
Hyperlipidemia 308, 310
Hypertension 256, 308, 342, 386
stop 309
treatment of 308
Hypertonic saline 122
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 27, 115, 171, 173, 318, 372, 374, 376, 377, 385
management of 173
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy 239
Hypoalbuminemia 423
Hypocalcemia 423
Hypokalemia 123
etiopathogenesis of 123
Hyponatremia 76, 121, 273
management of 121
pathophysiology of 121
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 435, 437
Hypotension 104, 445, 448
Hypothyroidism 368
Hypovolemia 101
Hypoxia 333
chronic 366
I
Ibutilide 96
Idarubicin 253
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy 27
Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension 134, 350, 439
Ifosfamide 253
Imatinib 253
Immune-mediated myocarditis 402
Immunoglobulins 247
Immunohistochemistry 184
Immunomodulatory therapy 247
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator 5, 11, 120, 160, 179, 189, 197, 276, 285, 310, 359, 374
Indapamide 76
Induction therapy 153
Infections 152, 154, 342
Infectious disease 37, 386
specialists 406
Infective endocarditis 207, 372, 428, 429
risk of 431
Inferior vena cava 105, 270
Inflammation, chronic 290
Inflammatory cardiomyopathy 401
Inflammatory disorders 398
Infliximab 97, 190
Influenza 304, 387
vaccine 305, 386
Inotropes 103, 107, 326, 380
infusions 446
types of 103
Inotropic dependency 106
Inotropic therapy 105
Insulin 101
Intensive care unit 161
Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support 110, 111
Interatrial septal thickness 27
Interleukin 404, 411
International Society of Heart and Lung Transplantation 149
Interstitial fibrosis 221
Interstitial lung disease 50
Interstitial pneumonias 44
Intra-aortic balloon pump 114, 156, 208
Intrauterine growth restriction 159
Intravascular hypervolemia 330
Intravenous
diuretics 325, 333, 335fc
drug administration, practical tips for 445
immunoglobulin 247, 387, 403, 411, 415
inotropes 381
iron therapy 133, 347
potassium supplementation 124
vasodilators 382
Iron 290
deficiency 131, 134
anemia 131
consequences of 131
sucrose 133
therapy 132
Ischemia mitral regurgitation, pathophysiology of 138f
Ischemic cardiomyopathy 27, 176, 177, 341
Ischemic heart disease 5, 36, 150, 318
prevalence of 360
Ischemic heart failure 27
surgical treatment for 137
Isolated postcapillary 349
Isolated pulmonary hypertension 48
Isosorbide dinitrate 58, 94, 94t, 95
Istaroxime 109
Itraconazole 97
Ivabradine 87, 88, 159, 380, 386
dosage adjustment of 88t
initiation of 88
maintenance of 88
role of 87
J
Jones criteria, revised 399t
Jugular venous
pressure 11, 238, 250, 269, 335, 391
pulse 238
wave 240t
Junctional ectopic tachycardia 430
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis 415
K
Kawasaki disease 367, 368, 376, 406, 411, 416
arteriopathy 412
atypical 413
incomplete 413
Kidney injury, acute 324
L
Lactate dehydrogenase 407
Laplace law 221
Late fontan failure 422
Late gadolinium enhancement 27, 27t, 172, 173, 189, 245
Left atrial
abnormalities 375
compliance 232
enlargement 206
hypertension 230
severe 232
myxoma 230
volume
assessment of 20f
index 19, 258
Left bundle branch block 18, 23, 142, 143, 188
presence of 341
Left circumflex 414
artery 436
Left heart
disease 348
failure 242
Left ventricle
decompensates 221
diastolic function 377
dysfunction 254
systolic function 255, 377
Left ventricular
assist device 103, 156, 352
dilation 307
dysfunction 49, 131, 166, 176, 222, 224, 408
contraindication 225
ejection fraction 23, 55, 94, 100, 115, 131, 142, 158, 161, 178, 192, 207, 216, 253, 260, 295, 356
end-diastolic pressure 259
end-systolic diameter 207
failure 231
function, recovery of 162
hypertrophy 36, 171, 173, 214, 324, 350, 376
mass index 258
outflow tract obstruction 171, 174, 373
remodelling, reverse 357
systolic
dysfunction 158
pressure 432
Legs, swelling of 339
Levosimendan 103, 105109, 381, 445, 447
Life-threatening
arrhythmias 243
cardiogenic shock 243
Lipocalin 335
Lisinopril 60
Liver
cirrhosis of 37
disease 342
transplantation 184
Loop diuretic 76, 159, 261, 326, 384
characteristics of 334t
resistance, mechanisms of 80f
therapy, initiation of 78
Loop of Henle 76, 330
Low dietary intake 289
Low molecular-weight heparin 417
Luminal myofibroblastic proliferation 412
Lung
biopsy, transbronchial 154
crepitations 269
disease 288, 348
assessment of 344
impedance 270
inflammation of 45
injury, acute 44, 45
sonography 52
white 45
M
Macrophage activation syndrome 406
Magnesium 290
Magnetic resonance imaging 168, 341, 404
Maintenance therapy 153
Marfan's syndrome 220
Massive pericardial effusion 377
Maternal morbidity 162
Maternal mortality 162
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 404
Mean corpuscular volume 134
Measles 387
Mechanical assist device 437
Mechanical circulatory support 54, 110, 113, 114, 116, 161
Medical therapy, management of 424
Medication nonadherence
patterns of 297
reasons for 298, 298t
Mediterranean diet 289
Medium-chain triglyceride supplementation 424
Messenger ribonucleic acid 287
Metabolic disorders 372
Metabolic remodeling 287
Metformin 99
Methotrexate 190
Metolazone 76, 77, 327
Metoprolol succinate 72
Micronutrients 289
Microribonucleic acid 198
Midmyocardial late gadolinium enhancement 28f
Milrinone 103, 105109, 352, 381, 382, 445, 448
Mineralocorticoid receptor 66
antagonists 5, 55, 57, 68, 81, 90, 125, 127, 159, 163, 261
Mitochondrial biogenesis 253
Mitochondrial diseases 366
Mitoxantrone 253
Mitraclip percutaneous therapy assessment of 179
Mitral annular calcification 18, 230
Mitral regurgitation 136, 139, 206, 239, 375, 376, 382, 383, 415
acute 206
chronic 208
severe 18
Mitral stenosis 18, 204, 230, 232235, 375, 376, 385
hemodynamic staging of 233t
setting of 232
symptomatic 235t
Mitral valve
area 233, 235
diastolic closure of 228
disease 242
incompetence of 206
orifice area 230
prolapse 207
repair 209
replacement 209, 233, 234
surgery 138
Moderate continuous training 284
Moderate renal dysfunction 324
Molecular evaluation 243
Monitoring renal function 79
Monoarthritis 399
Monoclonal protein 183
Morphological spectrum 435
Moxonidine 97
Multimorbidity syndrome 260
Multiorgan dysfunction 260, 406
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome 406, 407t
management of 408t
Multivalvular heart disease 377
Muscle strength 284
Mycophenolate 153
mofetil 190
Myocardial band 39
Myocardial dysfunction 370, 414
sepsis-induced 366
Myocardial edema 401, 402
Myocardial factor 231
Myocardial infarction 72t, 136, 417
acute 91, 112, 176, 344
Myocardial ischemia 261, 290
Myocardial necrosis 402
evidence of 403
Myocardial tissue, analysis of 244
Myocardial wall stress, effect of 33f
Myocardiocytolysis markers 245
Myocarditis 27, 243245, 247, 366368, 373, 377, 379, 401, 429
acute 112, 344
causes of 245
diagnostic criteria of 244
Myocardium 131, 401
functional recovery of 28
Myocyte
injury 39
necrosis 401
stress 39
N
National Cholesterol Education Program 308
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 90
Natriuretic peptide 23, 32, 35, 36, 270, 325
B-type 377
C-type 32
estimation 37
Nausea 445
symptoms of 288
Nebivolol 72
Nephrotoxic agents 68
Neprilysin 35
inhibitors 84
Neurohormonal cascade 329
Neurohumoral activation 334
Neurohumoral blockers 295
Neurological disorder 406
Neuromuscular disorders 368
Neuropsychiatry medications 98
Neutrophil gelatinase 335
Neutrophilic leucocytosis 404
New York Heart Association 9t, 93, 111, 132, 162, 235, 320, 357, 372
Nitrate 93
Nitrate-hydralazine combination 93, 94, 327
Nitric oxide 154, 352, 383
Nitroglycerin 352
Nitroso-redox balance 93
Nitrroglycerine 447
N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists 302
Nonanthracycline agents 254
Noncardiac conditions 283
Noncatecholaminergic agents 107, 107t
Noncompaction cardiomyopathy 377
Nondihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker 90
Non-heart failure situations 36
Noninvasive test 17
Nonischemic cardiomyopathies 27
Nonpathological faint 45
Nonpharmacological treatment 260
Nonspecific aortoarteritis 318
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 68, 80, 90, 98, 125, 127, 325
Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia 109, 120, 143, 172
Nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants 204
Noonan syndrome 366
Noradrenaline 381
Norepinephrine 103105, 445
Novel oral anticoagulants 119
N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide 33, 34, 40, 184, 258, 371, 377
Nutrition 386, 395
Nutritional requirement 288
O
Obesity 17, 110, 288, 308
Obstructive airway disease, chronic 316
Obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic 50, 238
Oedema 238
Omecamtiv mecarbil 108
Omega-3 fatty acids 289
Open surgical commissurotomy 234
Optimal medical therapy 160, 178
Optimizing medical therapy 276
Oral anticoagulation 204
Oral iron salts 132
Oral potassium
chloride 124
supplementation 124
Oral therapy 81
Organ dysfunction 287
Organ hypoperfusion 104
Organic disease, primary 241
Organic tricuspid valve disease 231
Orthopnea 215, 222, 238, 339
Orthostatic blood pressure measurement 340
Osmotic agents 97
Overcome diuretic resistance 331
Oxygen 352
saturation 345, 375, 380
therapy 443
P
P wave abnormalities 375
Packed cell volume 134
Paclitaxel 253
Palliative therapy 106
Pallor 445
Palpitation 238, 445
Panel reactive antibodies 152
Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation 172
Paroxysmal dyspnea 232
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 215, 222, 232, 339
history of 238
Patent ductus arteriosus 366, 389, 393f, 429, 439
Patiromer sorbitex calcium 128
Peak oxygen consumption 282
Pediatric heart failure 363, 370, 379fc
causes of 379
clinical features 370
diagnostic workup of 375
etiology of 365
evaluation of 375
Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome 406
Pediatric intensive care unit 382
Pediatric Rheumatology European Society 404
Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization 404
Pediatric vasculitis activity score 405
Pentoxyphylline 161
Percutaneous balloon mitral commissurotomy 234
Percutaneous coronary intervention 311
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy 162
Percutaneous mitral balloon commissurotomy 235
Percutaneous pulmonary valve replacement 432
Percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy 233
Perhexiline 161
Pericardial effusion 376
Pericarditis 344
Pericardium 251
Peripartum cardiomyopathy 158, 161f
diagnosis 158
management 158
Peripheral arterial disease 308
Peripheral occlusive vascular disease 98
Peripheral vascular
disease 342
system 110
Peripherally inserted central catheter 124
Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia 167, 375
Persistent pulmonary hypertension 383
Pharmacotherapy 216
Phenylephrine 97
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor 383, 394
treatment of 447
Physical inactivity 308
Plastic bronchitis 422
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 304, 305
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 304
Pneumococcal vaccination 305
Pneumococcal vaccine 304, 305, 386
types of 305
Pneumothorax 44
Pneumovax 305
Polyarthralgia 399
Polyarthritis 399
Polymerase chain reaction 403
Polymorphic disease 243
Polytetrafluoroethylene 209
Pompe disease 366
Positron emission tomography 178, 190, 258
scan 404
Postarterial switch operation 376
Postcardiopulmonary bypass 366
Postcardiotomy shock 115
Post-COVID multi-inflammatory syndrome 398
Postdiuretic sodium retention 78
Postintracardiac repair, long-term complications 431
Postmyocarditis 366
Postpartum cardiomyopathy 163
Post-transplant
lymphoproliferative disease 154
surveillance biopsy 153
Postviral myocarditis situation 385
Potassium 68, 123, 290
binding agents 128t
imbalances 123
levels 92
rich foods 126t
sparing diuretics 77
Prazosin 97
Precapillary pulmonary hypertension 349
Prednisolone 153, 190
Preferred inotropes 383t
Pregabalin 98
Prehormone 32
Preserved ejection fraction 256, 257f, 259, 263266
Pretricuspid shunts 442t
Prevanar-13 305
Primary mitral regurgitation 206
stages of 207t
Progesterone 67
Proinflammatory cytokine release 404
Proposed vaccination schedule 304t
Prostacyclin
analogs 444
inhaled 352
intravenous 352
Prostaglandin 97, 352, 353
Prosthetic mitral valve 18
Protein losing enteropathy 422
Pseudoephedrine 97
Psychosocial predictors 272, 274
Pulmonary artery 113, 419, 320, 348350, 421, 435
banding 395
catheter 7
hypertension 239, 240, 348, 351t, 382, 383, 387, 439
chronic 232
clinical classification of 439t
mean pressure 349
pressures 230
right 419
systolic pressure 233, 258, 351
wedge pressure 349
Pulmonary atresia 377
Pulmonary blood flow 376, 389, 421, 439
reduced 428
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 12, 30, 54, 106, 231, 259, 350, 352
Pulmonary circulation 231
Pulmonary congestion 104, 381t
Pulmonary edema 44, 386
acute 215
Pulmonary embolism 37, 44
acute 344
Pulmonary hypertension 36, 105, 215, 242, 344, 348350, 354, 376
chronic 231
long-standing 231
progressive 374
severe 442f
types of 349
Pulmonary insufficiency 430
Pulmonary medicine 49
Pulmonary pressure 151
Pulmonary stenosis 239, 240, 437
Pulmonary thromboembolism 238
Pulmonary vascular
congestion, resolution of 333
resistance 108, 110, 152, 233, 349, 352, 382, 389, 420, 439
Pulmonary vasculature 231
Pulmonary venous
congestion 376
hypertension 214
features of 350
Pulse oximetry 375
Q
Quadrivalent influenza vaccine 304
Quality assessment 317
Quality of life 316, 344
R
Ramipril 60
Randomized controlled trials 353
Rapid atrial fibrillation, new onset 118
Readmission
predictors of 272
prevention of 275
risk of 277
Reconstructive endoventricular surgery 137
Red blood cell 134, 290
packed 396
Redo surgery, risk of 431
Refractory cardiac arrhythmias 112
Refractory disease, severe 405
Refractory heart failure 190
management of 383, 383fc
Renal blood flow 329
Renal clearance, reduction of 325
Renal dysfunction 68, 324, 325, 336
concerns of 57
prevalence of 324
severe 324, 327
Renal failure 38, 331
Renal function 38, 55, 110, 152, 327
parameters, assessment of 340
Renal impairment 57
Renal insufficiency 310, 331, 336
Renin–angiotensin
aldosterone system 32, 84, 95, 123, 127, 262, 294, 310, 329, 341, 357
system 325
Residual congestion, objective markers of 269, 270t
Residual lesions 430
Respiratory
distress 365
syndrome, acute 44, 50
infections, lower 395
problems 386
syndrome coronavirus 2, severe acute 406
Restrictive cardiomyopathy 187, 372, 374, 376, 377
Rheumatic carditis 372
Rheumatic disease 230
Rheumatic fever 230, 238, 379
acute 398, 399
management of 400fc
and carditis 366, 372
epidemiology of 399
Rheumatic heart disease 4, 307, 368, 372, 376, 379, 398, 399
Rheumatological disease 342
Ribonucleic acid 184, 411
Right atrial abnormalities 376
Right atrium 240
Right bundle branch block 188
Right heart 222, 231
catheterization 7, 152
disease 240t
failure 105, 238
Right ventricle failure, development of 222
Right ventricular
assist device 154
dysfunction 115, 143, 373, 382
end-diastolic volume 432
function 15
hypertrophy 239, 376
outflow tract obstruction 428
systolic pressure 432
Risk stratification 320f
Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health 406
S
Sacubitril 56, 262, 380
role of 84
Sac-val therapy 263
Saline, normal 447
Salt and fluid restriction 291
Salt restrictions 342
Sarcoidosis 187
SARS-COV-2 PCR testing 406
Seattle heart failure score 150
Selenium 290
Sepsis 37, 105
Sequential nephron blockade 327
Serelaxin 161
Serum
albumin 37
angiotensin-converting enzyme 188
carbohydrate-deficient transferrin 196
creatinine 324, 335
rise in 335
fibrinogen, raised 404
glutamic pyruvic transaminase 416
iron
profile 24
status, evaluation of 341
Severe left ventricular
dysfunction 243
systolic dysfunction 108
Sexual intercourse 232
Shock 104, 406
Shone's complex 376
Shunts
post-tricuspid 442t
simple 439
Sildenafil 94, 352, 380
Single-photon emission computed tomography 177
Sinus
rhythm 258, 295
tachycardia 23, 118, 375
Sleep apnea 342
syndrome 17
Smartphone application 321f
Smoking 308
Sodium 290
and water, removal of 334
bicarbonate 126
chloride 134
concentration, delivery of 329
nitroprusside 208, 352, 447
polystyrene sulfonate 128
zirconium cyclosilicate 128
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 100
inhibitors 99, 163, 263, 312
role of 58
Soluble cyclic guanylase stimulators 265
Soluble guanylate cyclase 353
Sonological interstitial syndrome 43
Sonological sign 42
Sorafenib 253
Sotalol 97
Sphygmomanometer 346
Spironolactone 57, 66, 67, 68t, 69, 276, 384
therapy 67
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 415
Stenotic mitral valve 231
Steroids 96
Stevens–Johnson syndrome 415
Streptococcal scarlet fever 415
Streptococcal shock syndromes 406
Streptococcus pneumoniae 305
Stress
echocardiography 177
test 245, 259fc
Stroke 342
Subpleural interstitial edema 44
Sudden cardiac death 124, 172, 173, 189, 246
risk of 386
Sulfonylureas 101
Sunitinib 253
Supportive care 442
Supportive therapy 368
Supravalvular pulmonary stenosis 428
Supraventricular tachycardia 109, 167, 375, 379
Surgical scars precipitating tachyarrhythmia 435
Surgical septal myectomy 174
Surgical ventricular restoration 137
Sweating 445
Sympathetic nervous system 32
Syncope 143, 238, 373
Systemic blood flow 389
Systemic diseases 368
Systemic hypertension 17, 214, 429
Systemic right ventricle 435, 437
dysfunction, management of 437t
Systemic vascular resistance 382
Systolic dysfunction 376, 420
Systolic function 71
assessment of 14
regional 15
T
Tachyarrhythmias 424
Tachycardia 58, 167, 370, 371, 375, 445
induced cardiomyopathy 166, 367
long-standing 166
Tachycardiomyopathy 166, 167f, 168f, 368
management 166
Tachypnea 370, 371, 390
Tacrolimus 153
Tadalafil 94
Tafamidis 184
Takayasu arteritis 398, 403
damage score 405
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy 356
Tamsulosin 97
Targeted therapy 443
drugs 442
Taxanes 253
Teaching health personnel 317
Temporary mechanical circulatory support 112, 113
benefits of 112
indications for 112
Tetralogy of Fallot 376, 428433
evaluation of repaired 431
physiology 428
postoperative 428
variants 428
Thiamine 290
deficiency, prevalence of 290
Thiazides 76, 77, 121
diuretics 76, 159
Thiazolidinediones 100, 102
Thromboembolic phenomena 374
Thrombotic disorders 367
Thyroid
abnormalities 342
diseases 386
Thyrotoxicosis 429
Tissue
biopsy 183
plasminogen activator 423
type plasminogen activator 417
Tolvaptan 122
Torsades de pointes 119
Torsemide 77t, 276, 331, 384
Total anomalous pulmonary venous
connection 376, 391, 421
return 390
Total cavopulmonary connection 419, 421, 425
Toxic
shock syndrome 406, 415
substances 245
Toxocariasis 402
Toxoplasma 152
Trandolpril 60
Transient constriction 251
Transient ischemic attack 342
Transmitral valvular gradient 230
Transplant surgery 444
Transpulmonary gradient 349, 352
Transpulmonary pressure gradient 152
Transthoracic echocardiogram 215
Transthoracic echocardiography 392
Transthyretin amyloidosis 184
Trastuzumab 253
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion 436
Tricuspid atresia 376
Tricuspid position 242
Tricuspid regurgitation 231, 239241, 259, 376, 442
jet 21f
measurement of 351
Tricuspid stenosis 231, 239241
Tricuspid valve 240
disease 238, 242, 376
treatment for 242
Tricyclic antidepressants 98
Trimethoprim 325
Triple therapy 153
Troponin 23, 39, 40
B-type natriuretic peptide 381
T-type natriuretic peptide 381
Truncus arteriosus 389, 390
Trypanosoma cruzi 402
Tuberculosis 152
endemicity of 155
Tubular injury marker 335
Tumor necrosis factor alpha 97, 190, 405, 411
Tumorigenicity, suppression of 39, 40
U
Ultrafiltration
principle of 333f
therapy 332
adjustment of 335fc
Ultrasound
A lines 43
B lines 43, 52
lung 42
comets 45, 46, 46f, 4740
Unique health identification 318
Urine
osmolality, high 327
output 335
sodium 79
tonicity 334
V
Vaccines 386
Valsartan 56, 84, 262, 380
Valsartan Heart Failure Trial 63
Valve
disease, primary 220
repair 138
Valvular heart disease 150, 203, 308, 311, 348, 350
prevalence of 203
Valvular regurgitation 390, 408
Vardenafil 94
Vascular endothelial growth factor 161
Vasoconstrictors 103
Vasodilator 380, 447
heart failure trial 94
therapy 394
Vasopressin 103
Venesection, role of 443
Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 113, 114
Venous thromboembolism 216
Ventricular arrhythmia 243, 445
Ventricular diastolic dysfunction 422, 423
Ventricular dysfunction 290, 390, 401
Ventricular dyssynchrony 435
Ventricular ectopy 375
Ventricular fibrillation 143, 187
Ventricular function, recovery of 357
Ventricular premature complex 188, 359, 375
Ventricular restoration procedures 137
Ventricular septal defect 366, 389, 391f, 393f, 439, 441f
large 115
unrestrictive 428
Ventricular septal rupture 136
Ventricular systolic dysfunction 422
Ventricular tachyarrhythmia, management of 120
Ventricular tachycardia 24, 143, 172, 187
Ventriculectomy, partial left 137
Verapamil 55, 97, 174
Viral infections 245, 415
Viral myocarditis, acute 398
Vitamin
D 290
K antagonists 204, 216
Voglibose 101
Volume overload, pathophysiology of 329
Vomiting 445
W
Walk distance, six-minute 344, 345
Walk test 344, 345
six-minute 344, 345
Wheezing 238
White cell counts 153
White coat adherence 297
World Health Organization 391, 439
Worsening renal function 290
Y
Yoga trainers 284
Z
Zinc 290
Zip locks 319f
×
Chapter Notes

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Manual of Heart Failure Management
DISCLAIMER
Medicine is an ever-changing science. The authors have taken enough care to provide the latest medical information in this manual at the time of writing the chapters. This book is to be used only for guidance to therapy by a medical practitioner or paramedical staff and the therapeutic decisions have to be made based on their own clinical discretion. Neither the author or publisher, nor any authors, contributors, or other representatives will be liable for any damages arising out of or in connection with the use of this book.
Manual of Heart Failure Management
Editor Harikrishnan S MD DM DNB FRCP Professor of Cardiology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India Foreword Robert O Bonow
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
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Medical knowledge and practice change constantly. This book is designed to provide accurate, authoritative information about the subject matter in question. However, readers are advised to check the most current information available on procedures included and check information from the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose, formula, method and duration of administration, adverse effects and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to take all appropriate safety precautions. Neither the publisher nor the author(s)/editor(s) assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to use of material in this book.
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Manual of Heart Failure Management/Harikrishnan S
First Edition: 2021
9789390595488
Printed at:
Resmy, Vignesh, and Vysakh
Contributors Foreword
Significant progress has been made in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease during the past several decades. Despite these advances, international statistics indicate that the incidence and prevalence of acute and chronic heart failure have been increasing globally in recent years, with evidence that hospitalization, morbidity and mortality related to heart failure are rising at greater rates than other forms of cardiovascular disease. These worrisome trends are paralleled by steady increases in health care costs related to heart failure. The heart failure epidemic is fueled by multiple factors. Heart failure is age related, with a prevalence of 1% between the ages of 50 and 59 that increases to roughly 10% above the age of 75. With aging of the population in many countries, a greater number of patients with chronic heart failure will undoubtedly occur – including heart failure with preserved as well as reduced ejection fraction. In addition, improvement in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction translates into more patients surviving with left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and thus more patients developing clinical heart failure over the course of subsequent decades. The same can be said for other major etiologic factors such as hypertension and valvular heart disease. Finally, better management of heart failure itself, with the potential for improved survival through the important recent advances in medical therapy and implantable devices, could result in the paradoxical situation in which enhanced survival might be achieved at the expense of more patients alive with debilitating heart failure symptoms. The combination of an aging population and decline in mortality from other forms of cardiovascular diseases indicates that heart failure will continue to increase in public health importance, whether in high income or low-and-middle income countries. Hence, more and more patients will need to be diagnosed and treated in the both the hospital and the outpatient setting.
Manual of Heart Failure Management, edited by Dr. Harikrishnan S, provides an in-depth, comprehensive hands-on approach to the evaluation and management of the patient with heart failure. Extensive coverage is provided regarding the epidemiology of heart failure and its presenting signs and symptoms, as well as the tools with which to evaluate left ventricular function, hemodynamics and exercise performance. The chapters on treatment recommendations are up-to-date and evidence based, consistent with current international peer-reviewed practice guidelines, with specific chapters addressing specific causes of heart failure, including congenital heart disease. Appropriate attention is placed on treatment options for the patient with advanced heart failure, including alternative therapies, emerging therapeutic alternatives, surgical approaches and devices. A highly commendable feature of the book is the considerable emphasis placed on disease management, patient education, medication adherence, and prevention of heart failure complications that will be of great practical value. The Manual of Heart Failure Management will be an indispensable resource for all internists, cardiologists, and nurses who care for children and adults with heart disease, from those who specialize in the treatment of patients with advanced heart failure to the primary team providing care in daily outpatient practice.
Robert O Bonow MD MS
Division of Cardiology
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Preface
The need for a manual in heart failure which aims at enhancing guideline-directed therapy targeting physicians, trainees and practising cardiologists in Indian settings came up during one of the discussions as part of the National Heart Failure Registry (NHFR) supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR).
The NHFR research collaboration comprising all major teaching institutions across the country was possibly the best for such an initiative.
Heart Failure Association of India (HFAI) was the second academic group to join this venture. This association which came into existence in 2014 is in the forefront of academic initiatives in heart failure with many innovative programs.
The first step was to identify the topics which was vetted by a group of trainees and practising cardiologists. Mid-way, there came a suggestion to include a section on pediatric heart failure. Dr R Krishna Kumar from Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), Kochi, Kerala, was kind enough to make the blueprint for that section. We have 81 chapters, including 12 chapters from the pediatric section. We could identify people working in specific areas of heart failure in India to contribute to this book. This definitely has resulted in a clearer presentation of the topics, which will benefit the readers.
We have tried to cover all aspects related to the management of HF taking all efforts to make the chapters simple. Whenever possible the management aspects have been described in the form of flowcharts and algorithms for better understanding.
Complying with the request of many of our colleagues, we had to retain the format of the chapters as sent to us. Though this has resulted in a non-uniform format of the manual, it has not in anyway compromised the academic content and quality of the work.
Hope that we have succeeded at least partly in this venture. Any comments or suggestions which will help to improve this book further is always welcome.
Harikrishnan S
Acknowledgments
First and foremost, I am indebted to my colleagues in the National Heart Failure Registry (NHFR) and the Heart Failure Association of India (HFAI) for making this book a reality.
The National Heart Failure registry, funded and supported by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), is the largest heart failure (HF) registry in the country having a nationally representative patient population. The need for a simple book to enhance guideline-directed therapy for HF in Indian settings was proposed and this manual has evolved from that idea. The National Heart Failure Registry team comprising top clinicians and academicians across 53 leading cardiology centers across India came together and contributed to the majority of the chapters. I thank all of them for their support.
The HFAI gave all support and encouragement in bringing out this book. I am thankful to Dr VK Chopra, the founder president of HFAI, without whose support this would not have materialized.
My sincere thanks to Professor Robert O Bonow, from Northwestern University, USA—previous Editor of Braunwald's textbook of Cardiology and one of the pioneers in HF for kindly agreeing to write the “Foreword” to this manual.
I am grateful to my Institute, the Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Thiruvananthapuram (www.sctimst.ac.in), for helping me bring out this book. Thanks are due to our former Director, Professor Asha Kishore and Professor Krishnamoorthy KM, the head of department of Cardiology who gave me permission. My colleagues in SCTIMST—faculty and senior residents who have helped me from the conceptual stage to proofreading need special mention. My project staff Mr Vineeth, Mr Kochumoni, Mr Lakshmikanth and Mr Manas Chacko have always been my support system. I am immensely grateful to them.
I sincerely thank Dr R Krishna Kumar from Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences (AIMS), Kochi, Kerala, for giving the blueprint of the pediatric section and contributing toward the book.
I thank all the contributors for the wonderful job of compiling the articles in this book.
This is the second book which I am editing with Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. The first one, a unique monograph on “Percutaneous Mitral Valvotomy” has now a second edition running. I congratulate and thank Mr Jitendar P Vij, CEO of Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, for making his firm a global brand, which increases our visibility.
I thank the Delhi team of Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd for all the support, especially Mr Sabareesh Menon, Senior Commissioning Editor. Ms Prerna Bajaj at Jaypee was exceptional. From the word go, she has been exemplary. Thanks for the hard work and dedication of her team lead by Ms Richa Saxena. Our Copy Editor at Jaypee, Mr Rajnish Kumar did a thorough professional job, sincere thanks to him. I would also like to extend my sincere thanks to Mr Arun Kumar, Territory Manager and his Kochi team for their support.
The help and support of my wife Resmy and sons, Vignesh and Vysakh cannot be forgotten as I have taken out my personal time to edit this book, I thank them for all their love and patience.