A
Abdominal abnormalities 330
Abdominal cavity 245
Abdominal scan 203
Abnormal early pregnancy, evaluation of 279
Abruption, chronic 436
Absent central hyperechoic 206f
Absent corpus callosum 382f
Abstinence 6
Acidemia 459
Acidosis 459
Acquired thrombophilia 150
Active married life 4
Acupuncture 131
Adenomyomas 209
Adenosine triphosphate 447
Adnexal diseases 230
Adnexal malignancy, detection of 245t
Adnexal mass 285
Adrenal glands 16
Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital 123
Adrenocorticotropic hormone 16
Agonists 33
Alpha-fetoprotein 445
Alyce's forceps 69
American Fertility Society 138
American Thyroid Association 159
Amniotic band syndrome 334
Amniotic membrane 291
Anastrozole 42
Androstenedione 16
Anechoic myometrial cysts 213
Anemia 338
Aneuploidies 351
Angiomode 484
Angular pregnancy 504f
Antagonist-agonist protocol 55
Anteverted anteflexed uterus 189f
Anteverted retroflexed uterus 189f
Antiandrogenic properties 26
Antibodies, presence of 73
Anticytokine effect 145
Antiestrogenic agent 26
Antigen-receptor interactions 155
Anti-inflammatory drugs 126
Antiserotonin agents 126
Antithyroid antibody 147
Aortic arch 298
Aortic end-diastolic flow, absent 453f
Apert syndrome 366
Aplastic uterus 207
Arginine 129
Artifacts 183
Artificial insemination, failed 63
Ascites 334
Aseptic technique 73
Asthenospermia 128
Atypical endometrium 253
Autocrine-paracrine mechanism 127
Autoimmune diseases 441
Autosomal recessive trait 150
B
Basal body temperature chart 87
Baseline scoring system 49t
Basic probe movements 186
Basic transvaginal sonography 173
Benzyl alcohol 90
Bicarbonate 75
Binocular diameter 307
Biopsy attachment 185f
Bird's nest appearance 235f
Blake's pouch cyst 372
Blastocyst transfer 51
Bones, short long 351
Bowel atresia 351
Brain development 387
Breast and ovarian cancer 30
Breast cancer, risk of 30
Butterfly sign 387
C
Caffeine 120
Calculating risk 353
Captopril 126
Cardiac anomaly 352
Cardiac disease 435
Cardiovascular abnormalities 323
Carotenoids 131
Carpenter syndrome 366
Cell-free fetal deoxyribonucleic acid 354
Central hyperechoic mucosa 242
Centrifuge machine 78
Cephalometric analysis 309
Cerebellar hypoplasia 372
Cerebellar transverse diameter 375
Cerebral hypoxia 453
Cerebral index 441
Cerebroplacental ratio 451
Cervical
anomalies 199
aplasia, unilateral 207
factor, counseling for 5
fibroid 227f
glands 191
incompetence 144
index 144
mucosa 191
polyps 227f
pregnancy 285f
secretions 6
Chaotic vascular architecture 239
Chocolate cyst 234
Chorionic tissue, abnormal 221
Chorionic villus sampling 357
Chromosomal markers 334
Cilia, movements of 7
Cingulate gyrus 382
Cirrhosis 472
Clinical pregnancy rate 55
contraindications 27
cycles 13
indications of 26
mechanism of action 26
monitoring 28
resistant 39
risks of 30
side effects 29
treatment
alternatives 31
regimes 27
Cogwheel sign 245
Collagen vascular disease 435
Common testicular abnormalities 469
Congenital anomalies 30
Congenital infections 351
Congenital uterine abnormalities 504
Conjoined twins 503
Contingent sequential screening 358
Corifollitropin alpha 56
Coronal spine 386f
Cranial abnormalities 493
Cranial sutures 494f
Craniofacial variability index 496
Cryptorchidism 469
Cyclopia 328
Cyproheptadine hydrochloric acid 126
Cystic atrophy 225f
Cytochrome 38
D
Degenerated heterogeneous fibroid 211f
Dehydroandrosterone 16
Density gradient methods 79
Dexamethasone 31
Dextrocardia 294
Diencephalon, development of 494
Doppler angle 181
Doppler assessment, technique of 448
Doppler findings, obstetric management on 459
Double intrauterine insemination 68
Down's fetuses 340
Dual trigger 99
Ductus arch 298
Duodenum, dilated 500f
E
Echogenic cardiac focus 349
Echogenic mass 238f
Echogenic walls 247f
Effervescent progesterone vaginal tablets 92f
Eight weeks pregnancy 292f
Ejaculation, disorders of 123
Ellis-Van creveld syndrome 372
Empiric therapy 124
Encephalocele 325f
End-diastolic flow in umbilical artery, absent 452f
Endocrinological reports, normal 8
Endometrial carcinoma 221
Endometrial grading 265
Endometrial malignancy 221
Endometrial mass 224f
Endometrial metaplasia 223
Endometrial morphology 189
Endometrial stroma 225
Endometrial synechiea 143f
Endometrial thickness 278
Endometrial tuberculosis 7
Endometrioid tumors 237
effects of 223
mature 264
normal multilayered 190f
persistently thin 215
poor 32
thick 216f
thin 217f
Endoscopy, normal 8
Epidermal growth factor 84
Epididymal ductal ectasia 477f
Epididymal lesions 473
Epididymis 467f
Equipment settings 173
Estimated fetal weight 438
Estradiol benzoate 88
European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology 139
F
Facial abnormalities 490
Facial angle, inferior 309
Facial anomalies 327
Fallot's tetralogy 329
Feet, normal 501f
Female genital tract anomalies, classification of 139t
Fetal blood pressure, continuous rise in 446
Fetal cardiac output, continuous rise in 446
Fetal central nervous system 495
Fetal faces 490f
Fetal head-brain, primary assessment of 363
Fetal heart rate 455
Fetal kidneys 333
Fetal organ biometry 441
Fetal pole 290
Fetal spine, qualitative evaluation of 374
Fetal thrombophilia 151
Fetal well-being, assessment of 458
Fetus scratching ear 497f
Fibrinogen deficiency 150
Fibrinolytic factors 149
Folate 127
Folic acid 128
Follicular atresia 257
Follicular growth, monitoring of 273
Follicular maturation 56
Follicular maturing drugs 159
Follicular maturity 13
Follicular volume 512
Folliculogenesis 38
Follitropin alpha 53
Forearm, absent 502f
Frozen embryo transfer 94
Functional rudimentary horn 206f
G
G sperm 77
Generalized cystic pattern 257
Genetic scan 323
Genital tuberculosis 479
Genitourinary anomalies 332
Genomic hybridization, comparative 152
Germ cell failure 22
Giant mitochondria 84
Glutamine, substitution of 150
Glutathione 129
addition of metformin to 109
agonist 113
antagonist protocol 112
deficiency, severe 56
low doses of 106
stimulated cycles 97
theory, two-cell-two 56
types of 52t
and antagonist, role of 65
Great arteries, transposition of 330
Growth restriction intervention trial 458
Gynecological couch 184
H
Haematococcus pluvialis 128
Hairballs in cyst 238f
Hampered villous microcirculation 446
Hand, movements of 497f
Hands and fingers, normal 501f
Helicobacter pylori 145
Hemivertebrae 386
Hepatitis C 145
Heterogeneous myometrium 214f
Heterogeneous testis, small 471f
Hormone-dependent cancers 40
Human chorionic gonadotropin 32, 41, 47f, 48f, 55, 64f–66f, 85, 86, 99, 112f, 124, 125, 152, 166, 264, 510
disadvantages of 95
trigger 98
Human serum albumin 74
Hydrocephaly, severe 369
Hydrosalpinx 243
Hydrothorax 334
Hyperandrogenism 253
Hyperhomocysteinemia 150
Hyperplasia 215
Hyperstimulation, suspected risk of 14
Hypervolemia 339
Hypoechoic cervical glands 192f
Hypoechoic heterogeneous testis 472f
Hypopituitary disorders 472
Hypoplastic uterus 201f
Hypoproteinemia 338
Hypoxemia, stage of 450
I
Idiopathic infertility, treatment for 8
Idiopathic normogonadotropic oligozoospermia 125
Idiopathic oligozoospermia 125
Immature follicles 257
Immunization, active 155
In situ hybridization, multiplex fluorescence 152
In vitro maturation 116
Inadequate corpus luteal function 272f
Inadequate trophoblastic invasion 446
Indomethacin 126
Infertile women, investigations for 11
Infertility 509
backbone of 3
drugs 166
investigations 167
meaningless for 11
prescription 169
procedures 168
ultrasonography 169
Infrequent anomalies 207
Innate immune system 154
Insemination, timing of 68
Intact hypoechoic endometriomyometrial junction 190f
Intensive luteal support 99
Intercourse, continuous unprotected 4
Internal carbohydrate complexity 53
International ovarian tumor analysis 230
Intramuscular progesterone 90
Intraovarian cystic lesion 241f
Intraovarian lesion 231f
Intrauterine adhesions 144
Intrauterine contraceptive device 221
Intrauterine gestational sac 285
Intravenous immunoglobulin 148
Intravenous pyelography 138
Ishidori's regimen 167
Isoechoic walls 247f
Isomerism 330
L
L-acetylcarnitine 129
Laparoscopic ovarian drilling 114
Laparoscopic tubal ligation 8
Laparoscopic-assisted myomectomy 144
Last menstrual period 435
L-carnitine 129
Left ventricle, echogenic focus in 349f
Lemon sign 378
Lenses 298
characteristics of 39
doses 40
indications 39
side effects 41
step-up protocol 41
stimulated cycle 97
therapy, extended 41
Leuprolide acetate 54
Lissencephaly, absence indicates 373
Localized fluid collection 195
Low birth weight 435
Low pulse repetition frequency 183f
Low resistance ovarian stromal flow 259f
Lower limbs, fusion of 334
Low-molecular-weight heparin 147
Luteal gap 98
Luteal phase estradiol 85
Luteal support, duration of 101
Lycopene 131
Lymphatic drainage, development of 338
M
Macroadenoma 15
Magicut 485f
Male subfertility 62
Marfan syndrome 366
Maxilla, plane of 307
Maxillary plane 297
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome 207
Meckel-Gruber syndrome 372
Meconium ileus 351
Mega cystitis 324
Meigs’ syndrome 236
Meiotic division 45
Meningocele 386f
Mesencephalon, development of 494
Microadenoma 15
Microlithiasis 472
Midline vessels on Doppler 383f
Midluteal serum progesterone 14
Miscarriage 30
Misconception 6
Modern infertility practice 7
Modulating secretory transformation 84b
Motile sperms 73
Motility, decrease 79
Müllerian malformations 205
Multiple anomaly syndromes 436
Multiple follicles 14
Myocardial performance index 461
Myomas 142
Myometrial calcification 217f
Myometrial cysts 215
Myometrial lesions 208
N
Natural cycle, luteal support in 96
Negative predictive value 235
Neural tube anomalies 324
Neuromuscular defects 338
Nonapoptotic sperm selection 82
Non-assisted reproductive technology 167
Non-hyperactivated sperms 79f
Non-in vitro fertilization 95
Nonseptated clear cysts 231
Noonan's syndrome 340
Nostrils 308f
Nuchal fold thickness 339
Nuchal scan 488
Nuclear channel system 84
O
Occupational and environmental hazards 120
Oligoasthenospermia, antioxidants for 128t
Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia 21
Oligoasthenozoospermia, role in 129
Oligomenorrhea 160
Oligospermia 128
Omega-3 fatty acids 131
Oocyte numbers, reduced 12
Optimal fertility 17
Oral sustained-release tablets 89
Outpatient department 3
Ovarian area 258
Ovarian artery perfusion 273
Ovarian cancer 242t
Ovarian causes, counseling for 8
Ovarian cysts 507
Ovarian fibroma 236f
Ovarian follicular development 26
Ovarian stromal flow, measurement of 261
Ovarian suppression, assess 13
Ovarian torsion 237f
P
Panhypopituitarism 22
Paramesonephric ducts 198
Parental lymphocyte immunization 156
Partial mole 221
Partial septum-subseptate uterus 202
Pedunculated fibromas 236
Pelvic mass 188
Pelvis 205f
Pentoxifylline 129
Peritoneal ectopic pregnancy 286
Periurethral cysts 478
Placental apoptosis, induction of 145
Placental bleeding 436
Placental growth factor, low 445
Placental infarct 435
Placental infections 436
Placental mosaicism, confined 436
Placental perfusion, reduced 446
Placental vasculature on angiomode, normal 484f
Placental vessels, widening of 446
Placental villi, continuous maturation of 446
Platyspondyly 387
Pneumonia 145
Polymerase chain reaction 7
Positive predictive value 235
Postcurettage endometrial collection 220
Postmenopausal bleeding 221
Pouch of Douglas 271
Power Doppler 178
Predominant hyperechoic stroma 257
Pregnancy
abnormal first-trimester 277
abnormal location of 284
confirmation of 279
first trimester of 277
growth of 287
location of 279
monitoring 154
normal 154
normal first-trimester 277
six weeks 291f
twelve weeks 293f
Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A 322
Pre-human chorionic gonadotropin endometrial parameters 67f
Prenatal tests, noninvasive 354
Preovulation luteinizing hormone 84
gel 93
in luteal phase, role of 84b
induced blocking factor 159
injectable 90
micronized 34
natural micronized 91b
preparations 89
production of 85fc
resistance 100
vaginal effervescent tablets 92
Prostatic cysts 478f
Prostatic inflammation 479
Prothrombotic states 435
Pulmonary atresia 330
Pulmonary hypoplasia 330
Pulsed wave Doppler 179
Punctures, number of 115
Puresperm 81
R
Radial aplasia 333
Recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid 49
Recombinant luteinizing hormone 57
Rectal placement 184
Rectovaginal septum 234
Recurrent pregnancy loss, causes of 137
Region of interest 179
Renal disease 435
Renal pelvic diameter, assessment of 313f
Residual endometrial cavity 280f
Resistance index 212
Retroflexed fundus 188
Retroverted anteflexed uterus 189f
Retroverted retroflexed uterus 189f
Ribonucleoprotein 154
Rim sign 231
Robert syndrome 366
Rokitansky's tubercle, large 238f
Rubin's test 4
Rupture of follicle, physiology of 68
S
Sagittal leg and foot 298
Saline infusion sonohysterography 198
Salpingitis 245
Satisfactory fertility 17
Scandinavian method 81
Scar tissues 190
Scrotal ultrasound 465
Secretory endometrial flow, normal 88f
Selenium 129
Semen
analysis 121
counseling for 4
normal 8
collection jar 74
normal 121t
parameters, normal 121t
complications 70
sample, collection of 73
Seminal plasma 75
Seminal vesiculitis 476
Septal defect 295f
Septo-optic dysplasia 369
Serum
albumin 75
anti-müllerian hormone 17
cortisol 23
dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate 16
estradiol 13
follicle-stimulating hormone 11
luteinizing hormone 13
thyroid-stimulation hormone 20
Shirodkar's operation 145
Simple cyst 232
Single-strand annealing 154
Single-stranded binding 154
Singleton pregnancies 33
Sirenomelia 334
Situs inversus 294
Skeletal abnormalities 333
Skeletal dysplasias 436
Sliding organ sign 195
Smoothness of contour 190
Sperm 8
abnormal 5
capacitation 76
count 5
damage 73
morphology, abnormal 160
motility 130
lower 73
laboratory 74
methods 75
Spermatid arrest 22
Spermatogonia arrest 22
Spinal abnormalities 497
Spinal canal defects 387f
Spinal defects 295
Spine 298
abnormalities, multiple 387f
coronal planes of 384f
coronal section of 315f
longitudinal 375f
normal 498f
qualitative evaluation of 364
three-dimensional ultrasound of 384f
vertebra 498f
Spiral vessels, normal 213
Split ejaculation 74
Spontaneous abortion 157
Steelman-Pohley bioassay 53
Stepwise sequential screening 358
Stimulate follicular estradiol 26
Stimulates hypothalamus 45
Stomach, dilated 500f
Strassman's operation 142
Streptomycin 75
Streptopenicillin 75
Stress, role of 158
Stricture urethra 479
Stromal abundance 253
Stromal area 258
Stromal predominance 254
Stromal volume 258
Subcutaneous aqueous progesterone 90
Subendometrial vascularity 216f
Submucous fibroid 213
Submucous myomas 142
Subnuclear glycogen deposit 84
Superovulation 63
Sylvian fissure 374
Sylvius, aqueduct of 336
Synthetic progesterones 93
Synthetic serum replacement 74
T
Tender loving care, role of 158
Teratogens 436
Testicular atrophy 470
Testicular infarction 472
Testicular neoplasms 472
Testicular sperm extraction 124
Testicular torsion 472
Testicular trauma 473
Testis, normal 467f
Thermal balloon ablation 216
Thorax 298
Thromboelastography 149
Thrombosis 150
Thumb, infolding of 502f
Timor-Tritsch sign 195
Total motile sperm 62
Total ovarian stromal area 260
Total ovarian volume 260
Total oxyradical scavenging capacity 130
Traditional Chinese herbal medicine 131
Transabdominal route 184
Transabdominal scan 195
Transcaudate coronal plane 380f
Transdermal progesterone 90
Transfrontal coronal plane 379f
Transrectal route 184
Transrectal ultrasound 473
Transthalamic coronal plane 380f
Transvaginal route 184
Tricuspid flow, normal 345f
Trimester scan, second 297
Triploidy 338
True gestational sac 279f
True sac 279t
Tubal factor, counseling for 7
Tubal inflammation 245t
Tubal ligation 8
Tuberculosis 215
Tuberculous endometritis 215
Tuberculous orchitis 479
Twin-to-twin transfusion 436
Typical bird's nest appearance 235
Typical golf-club appearance 316
U
Umbilical hypoxemia 446
Undescended testis 469
Uniparental disomies 332
Unprotected intercourse 4
Upper lip 308f
Urinary tract infection 145
Uterine aplasia 207f
Uterine blood flow 273
Uterine cornu 245
Uterine diseases, ultrasound in 198
Uterine factor, counseling for 7
Uterine malignancies 506
Uterine natural killer cells 155
Uterine pass effect, first 91f
Uterine pathologies 198
Uterine scar 225
Uterine vasodilatation, absence of 446
Uterine vessels, entry of 191
Uteroplacental dysfunction 435
V
Vaginal absorption 92f
Vaginal anomalies 199
Vaginal aplasia 207
Vaginal suppositories 90
Vascularity flow index 509
Venous congestion 338
Venous Doppler, abnormal 459
Vermis, absent inferior 372f
Vessel compliance, continuous changes in 446
Virtual organ computer-aided analysis 485
Volume transvaginal probe 185f