Operations in Obstetrics and Gynecology: Text and Atlas B Ramesh
INDEX
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table
A
Abdominal cerclage 666
in situ 666f
procedure 666
Abdominal entry 710
and port placement 189, 253
Abdominal hysterectomy 17, 157, 447, 476
technique of 447
Abdominal incision 723f
closure of 650
Abdominal surgery 723
history of 91
Abdominal wall 5, 260f, 369f, 494f
hematoma 431, 435
vessels 443
management 443
prevention 444
recognition 443
Abortions, recurrent 283
Abscess 129131
formation 133
small unruptured 129
Accidental burn, prevention of 618
Accidental vascular injury 446
Acetic acid 55, 56f
test 57
Acetowhite appearance 57f
Acetowhite area, mild degree of 59f
Acetowhite positive 57f
Acrylic olive 316f
ball 321f
Activated partial thromboplastin time 265, 316
Adenocarcinoma, stages of 132
Adenomyoma 267f, 275, 275f, 276f, 277
bed
after excision, apperance of 269f
suturing of 279f, 280f
dissecting upper portion of 267f
electromechanical morcellation of 274f
enucleation of 268f, 269f
fixing 279f
focal 629
inconspicuous cleavage plane of 276f
irregular bed of 276f
left lobe of 268f
ragged incision of 275f
sutured edges in 277f
suturing bed of 269f271f
Adenomyomectomy, classic technique of 278f
Adenomyosis 158, 447, 627
diagnosis of 627
diffuse 264f
focal 263f
symptoms of 627
transvaginal sonographic features of 262
types of 627
ultrasonographic appearance of 262
Adenomyotic uterus 265f
laparoscopic appearance of 262f
Adhesiolysis 237, 242f, 253, 353f
extensive 442
laparoscopic 413
with scissors 356f, 588f
Adhesions 597f
adnexal 256f
diagnosis 413
formation
leads 412
prevalence of 303
mild 587, 613
moderate 587, 613
nonsurgical treatment 413
pathogenesis 412
prevention 421
score 413
severe 587, 613
surgical treatment 413
Adnexa, sigmoid adhesions with 418f
Adnexal dissection, bilateral 500
Adnexal lesions 752
Adnexal masses 157, 158
Adnexal torsion 120, 217
Adnexectomy 165, 232, 258
laparoscopic 304
Air embolism 432, 433, 594f
hyperechoic area 433f
positioning after 433f
Alcohol sclerotherapy 132
Aldridge's technique 89, 90f
Alexis wound retractor 714, 717f
Allis clamp 143145
Allis forceps 22, 23f, 90, 499f, 659f, 686f
Allis tissue holding forceps 644
Amenorrhea 587
American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists 157
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 214
American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 157
American Fertility Society 567
American Society for Reproductive Medicine 567
Ammonia
excess of 593
plasma concentrations of 593
Amoxicillin 129
Ampullo-ampullary anastomosis 353f
Ampullo-ampullary segments 347
Ampulloisthmic anastomosis 352f
Ampulloisthmic segments 347
Anal mucosa, repair of 685
Anal sphincter
repair of
external 685
internal 685, 686f
Anastomosis, types of 347
Anesthesia 91, 652f
regional 651f, 652f
Anterior abdominal wall 212f, 421f, 423f, 424f
adhesions 428f
Anterior longitudinal ligament 378f, 380f, 381f
Anterior placenta 661
previa 661
Anterior vaginal wall 134, 142f, 248f
prolapse 142
Antibiotics 685
adjunct broad-spectrum 129
Anticoagulants 421
Anti-Müllerian hormone 229
Antioxidants 412
Antitubercular treatment 621
side effects of 621
Antral follicle count 229
Aortic bifurcation 37f, 38f, 238f, 240f, 515
Aortic node dissection 515
Appendectomy 722
Appendicectomy 736
Arcuate pubic ligament 641
Areolar tissue dissected 257f
ART procedures and oocyte retrieval 698
complications 698
difficulties in ovum pickup 698
embryo transfer 698
technique 698
Artery
forceps 26, 26f, 457f, 537f
hemostatic 645
inferior mesenteric 238f
unternal pudendal 44
Artificial psoas 379f
loop 378
Aseptic precaution 130
Asherman's syndrome 587, 588
Aspirate follicles 691f, 700f
Aspiration needle 10, 11f
Autoclave 31f
sterilization 552
Autonomy laparo-angle instruments 720
Ayre's spatula 26, 27f
Azotemia 332
B
Babcock's forceps 23, 23f, 90, 644
Backloading technique 75
Bag, morcellation in 197f
Bakri balloon tamponade 680
Bandage scissors 26, 26f
Barbed suture 50, 50f, 77f, 192, 748
loop of 77f
Bariatric procedures 726
Bartholin's abscess 129
Bartholin's adenocarcinomas, treatment of 132
Bartholin's cyst 128, 128f, 129, 130
diagnosis of 128
excision intact, steps of 132f
Bartholin's duct cyst 128, 129, 129f
marsupialization of 131f
Bartholin's gland 128, 129, 131, 133
accumulation of 128
adenocarcinoma 129
cyst 129, 131
function of 128
surgery 128
anatomy 128
etiology 128
symptoms 129
treatment options 129
swelling of 129f
Baseball stitch 80f
completion of 80f
Baseball suturing 82f, 192f
Bench surgery 541f, 544
Bicornuate uterus 97, 97f, 282, 600
appearance of 284f
bilateral tubal ligation of 98f
laparoscopic unification of 282
surgery, laparoscopic unification of 303
Bidirectional barb suture 192f
Big para-aortic node 489f
Biopsy
endometrial 15
hysteroscopic 629
Bipolar
circuit 65, 66, 66f
coagulation 443, 608
electrocoagulation technique 92
electrosurgical unit, advantage of 580
resection 580f
Bladder 146f
defect 324f
development of 161
dissection 163f, 449f, 509, 510f
with sharp scissors 449f
fistula 259
flap
development of 287f
full-thickness 307
heals 77
injury 170
concomitant 330
extensive 307, 328
lesion 323
mobilization preserving vascularity 181f
mobilized 306f, 326f
mucosa 176f
neck 138f, 139f
part of 46
peritoneal tumor 484f
prevent injury of 325
repair 323, 323f
suture with vicryl continuous suture 324f
wall, layers of 341f
Blake's uterine curette 22, 22f
Blastocyst 696f
stage 694f
Blastomere 696f
single 696f
Bleeding 28, 147, 597, 597f, 698
control of 435
massive 100
intraoperative 330
time 160
Blind retrohymenal pouch 313
Blind vagina 312, 321f
Blind vaginal pouch 313f
Blood
transfusion, hemorrhage requiring 209, 281
vessels, abnormal 64f
B-lynch suture 680, 683f
method 680
steps of 680
Boari flap procedures 309
Boari tubularized bladder flap 307, 327
Body mass index 372
Bone, bits of 611f
Boney hard immature teratoma 492f
Bonner's myomectomy clamp 23, 24f
Bony deformities 372
Boot stirrups, use of 432
Bowel
adhesions 413, 424f
lysis of 238, 243f, 254f, 255f
anastomosis 441f
ends freshened up 441f
fistula 259
injury 148, 170, 215, 281, 437, 438, 439f
diagnosis 215, 439f
in laparoscopic surgery 437, 442
incidence 215
management 215, 437
prevention 215
recognized 438f
repaired 439f
sustained during laparoscopy 438
integrity restored 441f
laceration 439f
loops 120
mesenteric tumor, multiple small 486f
necrosis, evidence of 213f
pathology 413
preparation facilitates operative maneuvers 442
regimen 685
rent recognized intraoperative 438f
repaired with
interrupted suture 439f
vicryl suture 440f
sounds, hyperactive 435
thermal injury of 437
Brachial plexus injuries during laparoscopy, risk of 432
Bradycardia 582, 618
Breast
benign tumors of 498
fibroadenoma of 498, 498f
Breech 639
Breisky-Navratil retractors 151f
Bright golden sunset arc 581f
Broad ligament 38, 157, 448f, 540
both sides of 668f
fibroid of 185f
peritoneal closure 496f
tumor 23
Bruhat's method 99
Bupivacaine 168, 708
Buttram classification 567
C
Camera, three-dimensional 348f
Carbon dioxide 475, 594
gas 347
sign of 594
insufflation 594
Carbon monoxide 594
Carboxymethylcellulose absorbable barrier 424
Carcinoma 308
Cardiac overload 618
Cardinal ligament 40, 142f, 157, 165
Cardiorespiratory illness, severe 263
Carotid revascularization endarterectomy versus stenting trial 347
Catgut suture 48, 48f
Caudocranial direction 528f
Cavity, abdominal 363, 446, 597, 707, 744
Cellular edema 593
Cellulitis, presence of 128
Central nervous system 710
Central pain pathways 708
Cerclage
complications of 673b
methods of 673
stitch 664
types of 664
Cerebral edema 618
Cervical
biopsy 15, 58
canal 613
sessile polyp in 554f
carcinoma 15
cerclage 662
aftercare 673
approach to management 663
clinical findings 662
diagnosis 663
ideal candidate for 663
indications for 662
morbidity and mortality rates 673
pathophysiology 662
preoperative preparation 664
risks 673
dilatation 613
stepwise 614f
ectopy 62f
erosion 15
fibroid 184f
insufficiency, history-based diagnosis of 663
intraepithelial neoplasia 55
ligament, ligation of 450f
orifice, internal 613
perforation 21, 28
polyp 15, 555f
preparation 574
region 614f
stenosis 615f, 620f
management of 613
tear 15, 21
tracing 648f
Cervicitis, chronic 15
Cervicoisthmic junction 381f
posterior 380
Cervicovaginal epithelium 141
Cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin 663
Cervix 47, 52f, 540, 618, 625f
anatomy of 52
anterior lip of 664f
excessive dilatation of 21
exposure of 450f
inspection of 544
junction of 150f
outside introitus, decent of 134
posterior
lips of 63f, 665f
surface of 379f
posthysterectomized 382
postmenopausal 63f
repair of 641
side of 671f
to vagina, decent of 134
up to introitus, decent of 134
visualizing 615
Cesarean scar
defect 387
syndrome 387
Cesarean section
anesthesia 651
complications 658
delivery, rate of 650
epidemiology 650
history 650
in placenta previa and accreta 661
indications 651
perioperative care 658
preoperative consideration 651
primary 651
repeat 651
scars 260
rate of 410
sites of 410
surgical techniques 652
Charged coupled device 732
Chest radiography 265, 316
Chip-on-the-tip endoscope, design of 732
Chlamydia trachomatis 561
Cho's suture 680
Cholecystectomy 485f, 722, 736
laparoscopic 723
Choledocolithiasis 723
Chopstick effect 75
Chromic catgut
advantages of 48
disadvantages of 48
Chromopertubation, channel for 14
Chronic endometritis 623
appearance of 624f
Cidex 91
plus 32
Clamp forceps, straight long 24
Clavulanate 129
Claw forceps 10, 11f
and tenaculum 11f
Cleave cells 697f
Clip 92
applicator 12, 12f
Cloaca 311
C-loop 75
Clotting time 160
Coagulopathy, dilutional 208
Cobbler's needle 369f
holding mesh 369f
Cold perforation 616
Cold scissors 243f, 255f, 558f, 572f
septal resection with 572f
Collagen tissue, abnormal 662
Collin's knife 549f, 569f, 570f, 608
Colpomicroscopy 15
Colpoperineorrhaphy 143
Colpopuncture 15, 19
Colporrhaphy
anterior 16, 19, 141, 143
posterior 145, 152f
Colposcopic appearance, normal 56f
Colposcopic findings, abnormal 59
Colposcopy 15, 52, 55, 56f, 63f
abnormal 25
recovery after 62
unsatisfactory 56f
Colpotomy 15, 19, 165, 166f, 509, 515f, 736
advantages of 736
closure of 202f
disadvantages of 736
in laparoscopy, incision of 202f
incision 537f, 737f
posterior 538f
plan for 537f
posterior 197, 537f
Columnar epithelium 55f
Coma 582
Combined oral contraceptive pills 249
Common iliac artery 43
bifurcation of 38f, 39f
Common iliac vein 595
Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome 314
Complete blood count 568, 621
Complete perineal tear 684, 688
diagnosis 684
incidence and definition 684
management 684
postoperative management 685
risk factors 684
Complex biliary disease 723
Complex surgical procedures 752
Compression, release of 103f
Conception
products of 609f
retained products of 609
Condyloma 57
Cone biopsy 58, 59f
Constipation 236
Contraception 86
Controlled cord traction 657f
Cooper's ligament 41
Copious irrigation 418
Coplin jar 27, 27f
Cord double clamped 657f
Cornua 602f
Corticosteroids 421
Cowper's glands 128
Cremasteric fascia 472
Cryoablation 498
Cul-de-sac, posterior 142f
Culdoscopy 19
Culdotomy 14
Curcillo and King technique 707
Curved scissors 10, 10f
Curvilinear incision 498f
Cusco's speculum 16, 16f
Cyclical hormone replacement therapy 303
Cyst 130, 131
adenomyotic 627, 627f
asymptomatic 129
contents of 231f
left endometriotic 230f
wall 116, 228f
fulguration 229
Cystadenocarcinoma 119
Cystadenomas 120
Cystectomy 224, 229
ovarian reserve following 225
Cystic degeneration 186f
Cystic lesion, hemorrhagic 628f
Cystic teratomas, mature 109
Cystocele 15, 135, 139, 141, 142, 148
diagnosis of 143fc
management of 143fc
rectocele repair 141f
repair 155f
Cystoscopy 173f
Cystotomy 181f
Cystourethrography, importance of 137
Cytokines
angiogenic 223
inflammatory 223
Cytology collection 479f
Cytoreductive surgery, part of primary 490f
D
da Vinci robotic surgical system 474
Davydov procedure 317
De novo voiding symptoms 148
Deaver's retractor 17, 17f, 90, 643, 643f
Deep vein thrombosis 170, 281, 431
Defecation disorders 372
Delee's universal retractor 17, 17f
Dendritic vessels 392f
Dense bowel adhesions 372
Dense omental adhesions 254
Dermoid cyst 109, 110f
bilateral coexistence of 110f
complications 119
differential diagnosis 119
epidemiology 109
location 109
pathology 109
preoperative evaluation 111
radiographic features 109
surgical equipment 112
treatment prognosis 111
Deschamps ligature 151f
Dextrose 593
Diaphragm
central tendon 486f
deposit excision 487f
peritoneal deposit excision 488f
Diethylstilbestrol 312
exposure in utero 662
Diluted vasopressin, injection of 227f
Dinoprostone 597
Disinfection
low level 29
methods of 31
types of 29, 29t
Dispersive electrode pad 434
Disseminated intravascular coagulation 675
Distal tube
adhesiolysis of 356f
proximal part of 359f
serosa, adhesiolysis of 353f
Distal ureteral injuries 305, 325
Diverticulum 387
level of 409f
repair 400
Donor surgery 541f
Doppler sounds 433
Dorsolithotomy position 284
Double-flap technique 277, 278f
Double-J stent 307f, 328f
Doxycycline 624
Doyen's myoma screw 24
Doyen's retractor 643, 644f
Drain abscess 537f
Drop test 4
Dubin and Amelar classification, grading system of 470t
Duct cyst 128
Ductus deferens vein 469
Dysgerminoma
early stage 479f
recurrent 494, 494f
resection of recurrent 494f
Dysmenorrhea 387, 587, 609, 627
Dyspareunia 128, 129, 314
deep 627
Dysplastic cells 59f
Dysuria 280
E
Ectoderm 109
Ectopic endometrial tissues 263
Ectopic pregnancy 100, 283, 736
diagnosis of 99
Ectopic sac, removal of 102f
Edema 129
frothy 618
Egg follicles 692f
screened 692f
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 662
Elastic abdominal retractors 197
Elective laparoscopic adhesiolysis 418
Electrode, bipolar 551f, 567, 629
Electromechanic robotical systems 721
Electromechanical morcellator 13, 14f
Electronic suction 549
Electrosurgery 65, 70
evolution of 65
principles of 65
tissue effects of 66
Electrosurgical unit 65
complication
bipolar 593
monopolar 593
evolution of 68
isolated 68
physiology of 65
Ellis forceps 455f
Embolic gas 594
Embryo 693
biopsy 696f
different stages of 693
quality 695
transfer 699
procedure 699
timing 699
ultrasound-guided 702f
Empty follicle syndrome 698
En bloc
abdominal peritonectomy 488f
pelvic 488f
Endobag 737
Endocervical
ablation 410
brush 27f
canal, sessile polyp in 554f
polyp 555f, 613, 618
Endoderm 109
Endoeye 728, 733, 733f
technology 734
Endomat 549f
Endometrial cavity 601f
Endometrial dislocation 28
Endometrial glands, presence of 252
Endometrial polyp 553, 618
diagnosis of 553
Endometrial scarring 619f, 620f
Endometrioma 119, 231, 698
excision of 260f
surgical treatment of 232
Endometriosis 158, 223, 224, 236, 248, 252, 330, 412, 447
development of 221
diagnosis 223
diagnostic laparoscopy 223
etiology 223
excision of 158
minimal to moderate 224
operative laparoscopy 223
severe 157, 752
surgical treatment of 223, 249
Endometriotic cyst
fulguration of 224, 227f
right 227f
Endometriotic implants 251
coagulation of 224, 226f
excision of 224, 225f
Endometriotic lesions, surgical management of 249
Endometritis 28
Endometrium 157, 279, 315f, 588, 600, 620f
bizarre pale 619f
irregular 628f
malignant hyperplasia of 553
thin 630
transcervical resection of 158, 600, 603f, 618, 629
Endomyometritis 660
Endoscopy in endometriosis, role of 252
Endostitch 748, 749
device 748
jaws of 749f
Endowrist 474, 476
Enseal 69
longer version 720f
tissue sealer 69f
Enterocele 15, 135, 139
Enucleation, continuation of 190f
Epididymal sperm aspiration, microscopic 702
Epigastric vessels, suture ligation of inferior 444f
Epinephrine 708
Episiotomy 636, 636f, 649f, 685
Epithelial ovarian cancer, early stage 478f
Epithelium 410
lower third of 59f
upper layers of 59f
Equipment 547
diagnostic hysteroscopes 548
distending media 548
hysteroscope 547
hysteroscopic sheaths 548
light source 548
office hysteroscope 548
optics 548
Erythema 129
Eschar formation 69
Espinosa flores operation 673
Ethylene oxide sterilization 32f, 552
European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy 186, 573
European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology 567
External genitalia 310
development of 312
Extracorporeal stitch 77
Extragenital presacral teratoma 495f
decompression 495f
excision 495f
Extragenital sacrococcygeal teratoma 495, 495f, 496f
Extraperitoneal gas insufflations 431
Eye piece 55
F
Falciform ligament 435
Fallopian tube 38, 86, 91, 95f, 106f, 354, 477, 536, 561
cancer of 477t, 491f
left-sided 352f
near isthmic portion 95f
obstruction 561
right-sided 349f
torsion of 217
unfeasible 354f, 361f
Falope ring 92, 92f
over loop 95f, 97f
Fascia 40, 151
careful closure of 435
overlying 653f
Fascial defect, support 371f
Fascial dehiscence 431
Fast-absorbing gut 51
Fatty fluid, hypoattenuating 109
Fatty tissue, overlying 373f
Febrile morbidity 170
Female genital tract 323
classification of 312t
Female pelvis 138f
Female sterilization 86
laparoscope for 91
methods of 93
permanent 86
Fertility following laparoscopic conservative surgery 229
Fertility management, future 231
Fertilized zygote 694f
Fetal
bones 609
genital systems 310
head
cup applied on 639f
delivery of 636, 636f
malpresentation 639
membranes 656f
urinary systems 310
Fiber-optic endoscope 732
Fibrin 412
Fibroadenoma 498, 498f, 499f
bed 499f
excision of 498
Fibroblasts, activated 412
Fibro-fatty tissues 515, 525f
Fibroid 275, 568, 573, 600
classification of 183
degeneration of 207f
hysteroscopic removal of 573
intramural 185f
management of 187
polyp 553
characteristics 553
etiology 553
management 553
posterior wall of 184f
resection capsule to capsule 582f
tissue retrieval in 731t
uterus 188f
wandering 184f
Fibroleiomyoma 183
Fibromuscular cords 313
Fibromyoma 183
Fibrotic margins 181f
Fibrotic tissue 388, 396f
excision of 397f
resection of 403f
Figure-of-eight 85f
suturing 83f
completion of 83f
vicryl suture 324f
Filshie clip 92, 92f
Fimbriectomy 89
Fistula 173f
infratrigonal 172
Fixing transobturator tape 466f
Foamy blood, aspiration of 433
Foley's bulb 324f
Foley's catheter 386, 399f, 588, 592f
confirming place of 592f
tamponade 444f
Follicle, matured 700f
Follicle-stimulating hormone 470
Follicular density 231
Follicular fluid 692f, 703f
aspirated 692f
Foramen of Winslow 485f
Forceps 644
application
prerequisites for 646
technique of 646
atraumatic 114f, 319f, 383f
bipolar 226f
dissecting 26f
over skin 370f
parts of 646, 646f
trial of 649
types of 644f
Foreign body 608
effect on wound healing 76
reaction, density of 77
transcervical resection of 612
Formaldehyde 32, 91
sterilization 30
Fornix, anterior 46
Forward-oblique telescope 6
Frazee operative laparoscope 708f
Frozen embryos 695
Fulguration 67, 117f, 224, 227f
Full high-definition camera 7f
Full-thickness suturing technique 387
Fundal depression 569f
Fundal fibroid 183f
Fundal polyp 556f, 557f
resection 558f
Fundo-anterior region, myometrial suturing in 298f
Fundus 157, 602f
G
Gallbladder
dissection of 724f, 725f
visualization of 724f
Gas
aspiration of 433
embolism 433f, 594
risk of 433
insufflators 187, 315
sterilization 30
Gastrointestinal stromal tumor 490f
Gastrointestinal tract injury 660
Gellhorn's cervical biopsy forceps 25, 25f
Gelport and Gelpoint system 714
Gelseal cap 714, 715f
Genital development, phase of 310
Genital malignancies 412
Genital tract, development of 310
Genital tuberculosis 412, 619
management 621
Genitalia, female external 312f
Germ cell layers 109
Gerota's fascia 515
Gestational sac, removal of 106f
Gland
abscess 128
bed of 133f
Glutaraldehyde 9, 32, 91, 552
solution 32f
Glycine 549, 582, 593
toxicity 593
prevention of 617
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 260, 574, 595
agonist 574, 629
role of 251
analog 281
inhibits cell proliferation 251
Granulosa cell tumor ovary, early stage 479f
Grasper
and suction cannula 102f
atraumatic 235f, 237f, 241f
Grasping forceps 8
Growing teratoma syndrome 492, 493, 494f
falciform ligament 493f
liver deposit 493f
pelvic
deposits 493f
peritoneal deposit 493f
peritoneal deposit 493f
spleen deposit 493f
Gynecologic
endoscopy 730
surgery 323
Gynecological
and obstetric techniques 323
and surgical procedures 722
endoscopy 561
laparoscopic procedures 432
ligation 87
oncology, robotics in 476
procedures, laparoscopic 160
surgery and surgical trauma 412
tract, female 310t
Gynecology, robotics in 474
H
Halogen 7
bulb, yellow light of 7
Hands poised method 636
Harmonic scalpel 729
Hasson's technique 113
Hayman's suture 680
Haywood Smith's ovum forceps 21, 22f
Heart
disease, decompensated 91
failure 593, 618
strain, right 433
Heavy menstrual bleeding 600
Hefner cerclage 673
Hegar's dilator 21, 21f, 283f
Helium and neon, mixture of 72
Hematocolpos, drainage of 222f
Hematoma 496f, 596f
formation 208, 280
Hematometra 587
Hemorrhage 122, 170, 208, 280, 618
intraoperative 209f
posthysteroscopic perforation 596f
Hemostasis 447, 515, 729
instruments for 720
Hernia sac, visualization of 365f
Hernial content 363f
Hernial defect 365f, 366f
Hiatus hernia 91
Hidradenoma papilliferum 129
High level disinfection 29, 31
methods of 33t
High uterosacral ligament fixation 382
postoperative care 386
preoperative procedure 382
steps 382
High-intensity focused ultrasound 187
High-resolution lens system 593
Hip rotation, minimal external 432
Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate 544
solution 539f
Homemade port-wound retractor and surgical glove 728
Hook scissors 9f, 10
Hormonal therapy 588
Hormone
luteinizing 470
replacement therapy 568
Huge cyst, laparotomy for 126
Huge cystocele repair with vaginal mesh 143
Huge ovarian mucinous tumor 483f
Hulka uterine elevator 14
Hulka-Clemens clips 87, 92f
Human chorionic gonadotropin 99, 698
Human embryo, urogenital sinus of female 282f
Human immunodeficiency virus 568
Human papillomavirus 55
test 62f
Hyaluronan gel 597
Hydrogen peroxide 32
plasma 32
advantages of 33
disadvantages of 33
sterilizers, applications for 33
Hydrosalpinx 698
Hydroxyprogesterone caproate 664
Hyperbaric oxygen 132
Hypercarbia 431
Hyperkeratosis 57, 58
Hyperplasia, endometrial 553
Hypertension, arterial 618
Hyperventilation 433
Hypogastric nerve 483
Hypogastric plexus, superior 236, 240f
Hypokalemia 617
Hypomenorrhea 587
Hyponatremia 582, 593, 617
acute 594
dilutional 593
Hypo-osmolality 617
Hypoxia, role of 412
Hysterectomy 93, 447, 600, 736
analyzing 387
intrafascial 167f
laparoscopic supracervical 158
number of 158
type of 731t
Hysterolaparoscopic guidance 561
Hysterolaparoscopy 303
second-look 303
Hysterosalpingocontrast sonography 561
Hysterosalpingography 28, 561, 628
Hysteroscope 263, 283, 551, 616f, 627
placement of 615f
Hysteroscopic cannulation 561
diagnosis 561
examination 561
guidewire for 550f
interventional treatment 566
management 561
procedure 566
Hysteroscopic instruments, OT table arrangement for 614f
Hysteroscopic management 629
Hysteroscopic myoma resection 576f
steps of 575
Hysteroscopic procedure 552f
Hysteroscopic resection 389, 554, 573
Hysteroscopic septal resection 567
steps of 569
Hysteroscopic technique 588
Hysteroscopy 15, 70, 284, 545, 561, 587, 593, 609, 613, 619, 628
diagnostic 554, 593
endometrial thickness 566
instruments 547
troubleshooting in 613
Hysterotomy 24
I
Iatrogenic ureteral injuries 305
Ileum 309
Iliac artery 483
external 38f, 43
internal 43f, 304, 544
Iliac fossa pain, right 34
Iliac node dissection 474
Iliac vein
external 38f, 445f, 374f, 469, 481f
left common 38f
Iliac vessels 446
external 379f, 515, 517f, 525f
internal 526f
Iliococcygeal fixation 151
benefits 156
complications 152
technique 151
Iliococcygeal muscle, deformity of 140f
Iliopectineal ligament 372
bilateral 376f
Immature metaplasia develops 53
Immature teratoma 119, 492f
early stage 479f
Imperforate hymen 221
In situ hysterectomy 661
In vitro fertilization 347, 630, 692f, 695
laboratory 691
operation theater 691
techniques 691
workstation 699f
In-bag morcellation, steps of 194
Incision
catheter 130f
closure of 728
level of 387
over
myoma 190f
vaginal mucosa 131f
types of 712
Incisional hernia 435
Incompetent cervix 662
causes of 662
Indian Council of Medical Research 650
Infection 55, 148
level of 133
Inferior epigastric artery 37f, 444f
injury 443f
Inferior epigastric vessels 37f, 443, 443f
Inferior hypogastric plexus 483, 483f, 504
anterior portion of 158
intermediate portion of 158
Inferior rectal nerve 641
Inferior vena cava 469, 482, 497, 515
Infertile chromopertubation 34
Infertility 217, 388, 587, 623
causes of 566
secondary 609
Inflammation 60f, 76
Infraovarian 38
Infraumbilical-curved incision 727
Infraurethral incision suturing of 466f
Infundibulopelvic ligament 38, 39f, 46f, 233f, 258f, 500, 503f, 542
bilateral 243f
Injection needle 12, 12f
Injury
electrosurgical 431, 434
sites of 330
types of 437
Instrumental delivery 685
incidence of 641
Instruments 187f, 718
and ports 713
and telescope 710f
autoclavable 29
bipolar set of 580
claw forceps 187f
cleaning of 30f
dilute vasopressin 187f
graspers 187f
insufflations tube 187f
light cable 187f
maintenance of 551
mechanical 549, 549f
myoma screw 187f
port closure needle 187f
rinsing of 31f
roticulator 720
scissors 187f
standard laparoscopic 718
sterilization of 551
straight laparoscopic 718
suction irrigation cannula 187f
telescopes 187f
trocars 187f
veress 187f
Insufflation
machine 594
pressure 4
volume per minute 4
Insufflator tube 4, 4f
Insulation failure 68, 434
bowel injury to 434f
Interleukin-1 223
Internal square knot 745f
Interval cerclage 666f
Interval ligation 87
Intestinal clamp 441f
Intoxication 594
Intra-abdominal pressure 4, 443
Intracorporeal knotting 670f
technique 744, 749f
Intracorporeal suture technique 376f
Intracorporeal twist knot-tying technique 744
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection 693f, 702
machine 693f
Intraligamentary ureter courses 45
Intramuscular abdominal wall hematoma 435
Intraumbilical veress placement 188f
Intrauterine adhesions 568, 587, 597, 618
classification 587
management 587
objectives of treatment 587
surgical treatment of 588
symptoms 587
techniques 587
Intrauterine balloon 347
Intrauterine contraceptive device 608
Intrauterine device 91
hormonal 281
insertion of 588
Intrauterine gestation 28
Intrauterine infection 22
Intrauterine pathology 593
diagnosis of 625
management of 625
Intrauterine synechiae 22
Intravasation, lymphatic 28
Intravascular injection 642
Ipsilateral psoas muscle 306f, 326f, 327f
Ipsilateral suturing 75
Irrigation
cannula 255f
pressure pump 549, 616f
tube 13
Irving method 88f
Irving technique 88
Ischial spine 149, 149f, 154f
Ischiopubic ramus 451
Isthmic-isthmic segments 347
Isthmocele 387, 387f, 388, 394f
cesarean-induced 387
diagnosis of 388
fibrotic margins of 392f
hysteroscopic resection of 389
laparoscopic repair of 394
level of 396f
presence of 388
prevalence of 388
resection of
lower margin of 390f
superior margin of 389f
Isthmoplasty 410
hysteroscopic 410
Isthmus, level of 671f, 672f
J
Jackson's speculum 16, 16f
K
Kelly's operation 16
Khanna's sling operation 17
Knot in uterine artery, tightening of 81f
Kocher's clamp 23, 24f, 448f
Koilocytes 59f
Kroener's technique 89, 89f
Krukenberg's tumor 491
ovary 491f
specimen of 491f
Kymography 28
L
Labia majora 131
Labor
active management of third stage of 638
cardinal movements of 635
first stage of 635
fourth stage of 638
second stage of 635
stages of 635
third stage of 638, 638f
Laceration 437
Landons bladder retractor 18, 18f, 643, 643f
Langenbeck retractor 18, 18f
Laparoendoscopic single-site 727, 731t, 736, 736t, 751
concomitant procedures 722
extracorporeal knotting technique for 745, 745
future of concurrent surgery in 725
hysterectomy 731
indications of 731t
instruments in 718
myomectomy 729, 737f
optics options for 733
surgery 707, 713, 718, 722, 726, 732, 742
suturing 742
techniques in 742
total laparoscopic hysterectomy 729
Laparoscope 5, 6f, 91, 500, 732
conventional 733
hemorrhage detected following insertion of 444
modified 733
Laparoscopic abdominal cerclage 666
over vaginal cerclage, advantages of 673
technique of 672
Laparoscopic adenomyomectomy 262, 263, 280
complications of 280, 281b
instruments for 264f
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, conventional 723
Laparoscopic clip applicator 12
Laparoscopic hysterectomy 13, 47, 158
advantages of 170
anesthesia 160
complete 158
instruments 159
types of 158t
Laparoscopic instruments 29, 283f
sterilization of 29
Laparoscopic myomectomy 13, 183, 187, 215
complications of 208, 209t
Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy, technique of 112
Laparoscopic pectopexy 372, 377
method 372
Laparoscopic pelvic anatomy 36
Laparoscopic port 668f
Laparoscopic procedure 99
high-risk segment of 437
Laparoscopic properties 303
Laparoscopic repair 410
Laparoscopic resection 13
Laparoscopic scissors 264
Laparoscopic sterilization
advantages of 92
disadvantages of 92
techniques 91
Laparoscopic surgery 170, 315, 323, 437
advanced 442
complications of 437
course of 443
via single incision 707
Laparoscopic suturing 75
clinical application of 77
principles of 742
Laparoscopic tubal
occlusion 86
reanastomosis, indications for 347
Laparoscopic video monitor 6, 7f
Laparoscopy 474, 561
conventional 742
diagnostic
indications 34
instrumentation 34
technique 34
disadvantages of 170
general complications in 431
instruments 3
second-look 248
sleeve for 3
Laparotomy 91
adhesiolysis 418
conversion to 170, 208, 280
Large bowel, injury to 431
Large fistula 181f
cystoscopic appearance of 180f
Large retroperitoneal vessels 444
management 444
presentation 444
prevention 445
Laser-assisted hatching 693, 695, 695f
Lasers
different types of 71
effect, mechanism of 73f
mechanism of 72f
Lasers in gynecology 71
applications of 72
cost of procedure 74
mechanism of action 72
postprocedure care 74
preprocedure checklist 73
side effects 74
Lasmar classification 574f
Lateral pelvic wall 208f, 373f
triangle 233, 235f, 256f
L-carnitine, combination of 470
Leech Wilkinson's cannula 27, 27f
Left unilocular serous cyst 121f
Leiomyoma 158
classification of 183, 183t, 186
transcervical surgery for 574
uterus 183
indications 186
preoperative evaluation and treatment 186
surgical anatomy 183
Leiomyomatosis, diffuse 185f
Leukoplakia 57, 58
Leukorrhea 15, 623
Levator ani muscle 381f
bilateral 380f
Levator hiatus, vertical descent of 138
Levator plate 138, 138f, 139f
Levator sling 138f
Levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine device 249, 629
Lidocaine hydrochloride 451
Ligamentous, partial rotation of 217
Ligaments
side of broad 669f
torsion of 217f
Ligasure 69
vessel sealer system 69f
Light cable 8, 8f
Light source 7, 187
Lighting system 91
Lipoma 129
Liquid hydrogen peroxide 32
Lithotomy 554
position 150f
Liver
function test 568, 621
injury to 431
Long clamp forceps 25f
Long uterus 600
Loop electrosurgical excision procedure 58
history of 662
Loop excision 58, 58f
Loose uterovesical peritoneum 654f
Low malignant potential tumors 122
Low semilithotomy position 382
Low temperature steam 30
Lower abdominal pain, severe 62
Lower flap
bite in 80f
delivering needle in 79f
stitch on 78f
thick bite in 84f
with barbed suture, stitch on 78f
Lower genital tract, development of 311
Lower insufflation pressure 751
Lower segment 184f
cesarean section 94f, 680
transverse incision 655f
Lower uterine segment 397f, 401f, 407f, 682f
Lugol's iodine 55, 56f
appearance 57f
test 57
Lumbosacral plexus 44f
Lymph nodes
aortocaval 534f
group of 515
preaortic group of 532f
M
Mackenrodt's ligament 40, 157, 161
Madlener's technique 89, 90f
Male varicocele, management of 469
Mannitol 593
Marfan syndrome 662
Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz operation 17
Maryland
forceps 317f319f
tunneling 319f
Mass
abdominal 538f
inflammatory 536
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome 310, 312, 314, 497, 497f
type 1 314f
Mayo scissor 644f, 645
McBurney's point 4
McDonald stitch 664
Medical devices, spaulding classification of 29
Menopause, genitourinary syndrome of 73
Menorrhagia, management of 600
Menstrual abnormality 587
Mersilene tape 669f672f, 380f
ends of 670f
needle of 669f
Mesh
erosion 377
placement 375f
retroperitonization of 377f
Y-shaped 381f
Mesoderm 109
Mesonephros 310
Mesosalpinx 38, 39f, 44, 99, 353f, 354
after injection vasopressin 101f
approximation of 354f
sutures 352f
Metabolism 593
Metanephros 310
Metaplasia 60f, 223
process of 53
Metaplastic cells
immature 54f
mature 54f
Metaplastic squamous epithelium 55f
Metastatic ovarian cancers 491
Methotrexate 99
Methylene blue testing 181f
Meticulous hemostasis 131
Metroplasty 24
hysteroscopic 568
Metrorrhagia 280
Metzenbaum 645
scissor 131, 644f
Micropinpoint cautery 99
Micropolyps with stromal edema 623f
Microtip scissors 10
Midurethral slings 451
advantages 451
disadvantages 451
procedure 451
Mill-Wheel murmur 433
Minilap, mobius retractor for 201f
Minilaparotomy 87, 196, 213f
advantages of 87
incision 197
over laparoscopy, disadvantages of 88
steps of 201f
Minimal access surgery 742
Minimal uterine manipulation 666
Minimally invasive surgery 751
concept of 726
techniques 309
Miscarriage 567
Misoprostol 574, 597
Modern cesarean operation, development of 650
Molecular bond 77
Monocryl 3-0 subcuticular sutures 168
Monofilament
polypropylene type 1 mesh 375f
sutures 48
Monopolar circuit 65, 66, 66f
waves 67f
Monopolar needle 102f
Monopolar resectoscope 551f
Monopolar system 69
Morbid obesity 158
Morbidity after vaginal delivery, causes of 688
Morcellation inside endobag 212f
Morcellation, final steps of 194f
Morcellator injury 208, 213, 280
Morris retractor 17, 17f
Mosaic vessel, fine regular pattern of 55
Moschcowitz operation 17
Mucin 122
Mucinous bigger tumor 483f
Mucinous cystadenoma 119
Müllerian duct 282
abnormal development of 312
anomalies, incidence of 282
caudal portions of 314
development 312
fusion of 311
Müllerian tube defects 662
Multiload copper-T, misplaced 608f
Multiloculated cyst 122f
Multiple bowel mesenteric tumor 485f
Multiple fascial incision 707
Multiple pelvic surgery 330
Multiport laparoscopy
surgery 729
suturing in 742f
Muscle
closure done 659f
fiber arrangement 614f
relaxation 435
Muscular support 157
loss of posterior 139
Mycobacterium 619
tuberculosis 32, 621
Mycoplasma 623
hominis 561
Myolysis 187
Myoma 183, 190f, 275f, 276f, 277f, 584f
bed sutured 585f
broken 213f
clean-cut incision of 275f
clear cleavage plane of 276f
excision 203f, 584f
large 209f
extraction of 192
fragments of 573
from uterus 586f
grasper 586f, 597
morcellation 197f
myometrial junction 189f
preoperative management of 573
recurrence of 214
removing bits of 212f
retrieval of 738
screw 10, 11f, 24f, 263, 500, 584f
retrieval of 213f
uterine fixation with 500f
small fragments of 197f
smooth bed of 276f
strips, extraction of 201f
vessel of 210f
Myomectomy 24, 187, 731t, 736
hysteroscopic 574
laparoscopy assisted 186
posthysteroscopic 579f
robotically-assisted 187
suturing in 77
types of 186
Myometrial fibers 571f
arrangement of 387
Myometrial suturing
anteriorly 300f
posteriorly, first layer of 296f
Myometrium 157, 279
healthy 410
suturing of 82f
N
Nabothian follicles 54f
Nasogastric tube 442
use of 442
National Family Health Survey 650
Natural ligamentous avulsions 382
Natural orifice
surgery, concept of 751
transluminal endoscopic surgery 751
Needle
delivering of 84f
holder 10, 10f, 26, 26f, 644, 743
injury 332
loader 748
piercing retrohymenal pouch 317f
Nelson scissors 645
Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser 71, 72
Neostoma 337f
Neovagina, creation of 310, 315
Neovaginoplasty
laparoscopy assisted 310
method, types of 310t
Nerve
injury 148
sparing technique 259
Nervous elements 44
New ureteric opening 307f, 326f
No touch technique 625
Nociceptive system 708
Nodule
adenomyomatous 627
blackish discoloration 260f
caseous 622f
Nonabsorbable sutures 376f
Nonpalpable varicoceles 470
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 248, 574
Non-tooth grasper 9f, 364f
Novy Cook catheter 565f
Nulliparous prolapse, high incidence of 378
Nylon 50
suture 51f
O
O'Conner's method 180, 182
Obstetric forceps 646
complications of 647, 649t
contraindications 646
indications of 646, 646t
postoperative care 647
Obstetric hysterectomy 675
Obstetrics and gynecology, regular instruments in 643
Obstructive voiding symptoms 136
Obturator 14
artery proceeds 43
fossa 525f
anterior aspect of 481f
Office hysteroscope 629
Okabayashi space 509f
Omental adhesion 253, 425f, 429f
Omental and bowel adhesions 421f
Omental cake 484f
Omental flap placed 307f, 327f
Omental herniation 435f
Omentectomy 480f
Omentum, blunt dissection of 364f
Oocyte
aspiration 699f
pickup needle 698f
retrieval 698
Oophorectomy 120, 125f, 736
laparoscopic 219f
laparoscopy assisted 123
role of 252
Oophoropexy, laparoscopic 219f
Open surgery instruments 15
Opening prongs 94f
Operating technique, ease of 65
Operation room setup 187f
Operation theater 68
and laboratory setup 691
setup 315f, 613f
Operative hysteroscopy 593, 594
assembling instruments for 613f
Operative laparoscope 707, 708f
in single-port laparoscopy, use of 707
Operative procedure, laparoendoscopic single-site 708
Optics 719f
Oral contraceptive pills 87, 260, 281
Organ harvest surgery 539
Original Vecchietti dilator 321f
Ortho-phthalaldehyde 32
Osada technique 280f
Osseous material, hysteroscopic retrieval of 609, 610f
Ovarian artery
emerges 44
tubal branches of 39f
Ovarian cancer 484f, 487f
advanced 483f, 484f
classification of 477b
early stage 479f
infiltrating 487f
primary 123
staging laparotomy for 477, 478
Ovarian closure 118
Ovarian cortex 116f, 227f, 231
Ovarian cyst 142, 142f, 227f
hemorrhagic 119
lining 738f
Ovarian cystadenocarcinoma 120
Ovarian cystectomy 17, 736
Ovarian cystoscopy 224
Ovarian dermoid cyst 109
Ovarian drilling needle 12, 12f
Ovarian endometriosis 224
Ovarian epithelial tumor 478f
types of 120
Ovarian follicle, matured 691f
Ovarian fossa 39
Ovarian Hilus
fulguration of 117f
using bipolar 229f
Ovarian ligament 38, 39f, 232f, 258f
Ovarian malignancies 330
Ovarian mucinous cystadenoma 122, 122f
Ovarian reconstruction 114, 117f, 119f
steps of 118f
Ovarian serous
cystadenoma 120
left 120f
tumors, spectrum of 120
Ovarian teratomas, mature 111
Ovarian torsion 217, 218
clinical features 218
diagnosis 218
differential diagnosis 218
etiology 218
management 218
Ovarian tumor 23, 91, 158, 478f, 487f, 497, 497f
bilateral borderline 479f, 480f
borderline mucinous 480f
cystadenoma, 480f, 481f
Ovarian vessels 38, 39f, 698
Ovary 234
cancer of 477t
causes twisting, torsion of 217
gangrenous 219f
melanoma deposit in 491f
normal anatomy of 217, 217f
part of normal 480f
postadnexectomy 259f
rare tumors of 491
Overlapping flap technique 279f
Ovum pick-up 691
Oxford technique 88
Oxidized regenerated cellulose 310
absorbable barrier 424
P
Pain
abdominal 280
relief 476
Palmer's point 113, 188f, 475
Pampiniform plexus 469
Pap smear 64f, 160
Para-aortic
area 42
lymph nodes 531f
lymphadenectomy 497f, 517
nodal clearance 489f
nodes, enlarged 482f
Paracervical ring preserving 165
Paracolic gutter after peritonectomy 489f
Paralytic ileus 372
Paramesonephric ducts 282
Parametrial node 482
Paraovarian cystectomy 736
Pararectal space 42, 505f
entry, right 507f
Parasitic fibroid 185f, 212f
postmyomectomy 212f
Paravesical space 41, 42
Parkland technique 89
Pectopexy, choosing 372
Pedunculated cervical fibroid 185f
Pedunculated lipoleiomyoma 119
Pedunculated polyp resection 558f
Pedunculated submucosal fibroid 185f
Pelvic abscess 536
development of 536
differential diagnosis 536
epidemiology 536
investigations 536
management 536
prognosis 536
signs 536
symptoms 536
Pelvic adhesions 330, 428f
postlaparoscopic myomectomy 213
Pelvic anatomy 490f
distorted 330
restoration of 566
Pelvic autonomic nerve plexus 483f
Pelvic bleeding 412
Pelvic brim 38, 235f
right 39f
Pelvic cellular tissues 40
Pelvic floor 185f
anatomy of 135f
normal appearance of 138
weakness 137
Pelvic iliac veins 482f
Pelvic infection 28
Pelvic inflammatory disease 34, 158, 412, 447, 561
complications of 536
Pelvic lymph nodes 42, 42f
Pelvic lymphadenectomy 481f, 515, 517
distal limit of 481f
Pelvic malignancies 34
Pelvic masses 34
Pelvic nodes dissection 482
Pelvic organ 34
prolapse 134, 372, 378
female 136
high incidence of 378
quantification system 135
six site-specific 136t
stages of 136t
Pelvic pain 34, 136, 609, 623
acute 609
chronic 627
Pelvic peritoneal excision 490f
Pelvic peritonitis 28
Pelvic procedures 722f
Pelvic sidewall 38
Pelvic strain 140f
Pelvic surgery 36
Pelvic tumor 308
excision 490f
Pelvic ultrasound 109
Pelvic viscera
movement of 138f, 139f
nerve plexuses 45f
Pelvis
after peritonectomy 490f
avascular spaces of 41
elevating uterus out of 448f
laparoscopic inspection of 222f
Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration 702
Perihepatic deposit 484f
excisable 484f
excision 484f
Perimetrium 157
Perineal lacerations, classification of 684t
Perineal nerve 641
Perineal tear
prevention of complete 684
repair 687f
of complete 685
Perineorrhaphy 147
Perineum, incision of 636, 636f
Peripheral pain pathways 708
Peritoneal cancer, primary 488f
Peritoneal carcinomatosis index chart 489f
Peritoneal cavity 4, 5, 75, 158, 214
Peritoneal endometriosis, superficial 224
Peritoneal folds 36
Peritoneal implants 224, 224f
Peritoneal surfaces, injury to 412
Peritoneal tissues 145f
Peritonectomy, abdominal 488f
Peritoneum
cancer of 477t
identification of 471f
opening closed 380f, 381f
posterior 36
rectovaginal fold of 157
separation of 654f
uterovesical fold of 157, 475f, 661
Peroneal nerve, superficial 483
Pfannenstiel incision 447f
Phrenic nerves 435
Placenta
accreta 661, 661f, 675
previa 661
Placental curette 24, 25f
Placental separation 657f
Plasma sterilizer 32, 33f
Plasminogen activator activity 412
Pleural fluid aspiration, Veress for 3
Pneumomediastinum 431
Pneumopericardium 431
Pneumoperitoneum 188f, 347, 431
creation of 3
establishment of 196f
induction of 433
prevent escape of 14
Pneumothorax 431
Poliglecaprone 49, 49f
Polyamide 50
Polycystic ovarian disease, aspiration of 537f
Polydioxanone 51, 154f
disadvantages 49
suture 49f
Polyester suture 50, 50f
Polyethylene glycol 424
Polyglactin 910 suture 48
Polyglycolic acid suture 49, 49f
advantages 49
disadvantage 49
Polyp 553, 554f, 568, 600
at cornua 555f
at ostia 555f
recurrence of 554
resection at base of 559f
Polypectomy 15
Polypoidal endometrium 560f, 601f
Polypropylene 51
mesh 146f, 366f
Pomeroy's method 87, 88f, 90
Pomeroy's technique 88
POP-Q classification 136
Port
closure needle 13, 13f
multichannel access 710
placement 189f, 349f, 363f, 500f
self-retaining 715, 715f
site hematoma 435
site hernia 435
site metastasis 431, 436
step-by-step closure of 211f
Porta hepatis 485f
Postabortal ligation 87
Postbladder repair 324f
Posthysterectomy vault prolapse 15
Postmenstrual bleeding 387
Postmyomectomy adhesions 211f
Postpartum hemorrhage, management for 680
Postsalpingectomy status hemostasis, mechanical compression 104f
Postseptal resection 572f
uterine cavity 572f
Post-tubal sterilization syndrome 93
Post-tubectomy 349f
status 355f
Postureterolysis 236f, 257f
Potassium titanyl phosphate 71
Pouch defect 387
Pouch of Douglas 418f, 488f, 500, 736, 752
Povidone-iodine 160
Pregnancy
complications 283
interstitial 99
laparoscopic cerclage in 667
loss, recurrent 282, 567
rates 232
scar dehiscence during 280
Preimplantation genetic screening 693
Premenarchal squamocloumnar junction 53f
Preperitoneal insufflation 431
Presacral fat deposition 372
Presacral neurectomy 236
complications 236
indications 236
steps of 236
vascular injuries 236
Presacral space 42
Presacral teratoma 495f
Presacral tumor 496f
Pressure cuff 549
Preterm delivery 283
Prevent ovarian cancers 161
Primary trocar 368f
placement 113f
site 429f
Procidentia 135, 149, 153f
Progesterones 260, 573
Prolapse 135f
procedures for 140
repairs 17
Prolene 51
suture 51f
Proliferating stromal tissue 122
Pronephros 310
Prostaglandin 574
E2 analogs 597
peritoneal fluid concentrations of 223
Proteases 223
Protozoan 561
Proximal tube 502f
cannulation 561
occlusion 566
Proximal ureteric
injury 308f, 327f
stump 306f, 307f, 325f, 326f
Pseudoabdomen 715
platform 714
Pseudobroad ligament 184f
Psoas
hitch 332
muscle, left side 379f
Puberty 53
changes 54f
Pubic bone 372
Pubic ramus, superior 469
Pubic symphysis 47
Pubocervical fascia 40, 40f, 143, 154f
dissection 167f
incorporation of 41f
Pubocervical ligament 157
Pubococcygeal line 138
Puborectal muscle 138f
Pudendal nerve 641
block 641, 641f
anatomy 641
complications 642
history and technique 641
supplies 641
Pudendal vein, external 469
Puerperal ligation 87
Pulley stitches 156f
Pulmonary edema 582, 618
Purulent vaginal discharge 609
Pyelogram, intravenous 305
Pyelonephritis 332
Q
Quadport 714
over triport, advantage of 714
Quinacrine 93
R
Radical hysterectomy, laparoscopic 158, 500
Realhand instruments 720
Recipient surgery 542, 544f
Reconstructive techniques 328
Rectal injury 307, 328
Rectal shaving 248, 254
Rectal-urethrovesical space 315
Rectocele 15, 135, 139
repair 143
complications 148
Rectovaginal examination 137
Rectovaginal fascia 40, 41f
Rectovaginal fibrotic nodule 250f, 258f
Rectovaginal fistula 15, 259
Rectovaginal space 42, 149, 249f, 257
development of 500
Rectum 47
Rectus fascia 727
anterior 653f
Rectus sheath 659f
Reich technique 75, 76
Renal autotransplantation 309, 332
Renal development
distinct stages of 310
stages of 311f
Renal function test 160, 265, 568, 621
Renal vein exposure level 482f
Renal venous blood, reflux of 469
Reproductive system, female 52, 52f
Resection bleeding 616
Resectoscope 70f, 549
bipolar 551f
components of 549
myomectomy 583
parts of 70f, 614f
sheath, sizes of 550f
unassembled 550f
Residual cervical canal inflamed tissue 410
Respiratory acidosis 431
Respiratory dysfunction, severe 91
Retractors 643
Retroperitoneal fibrosis 308
Retroperitoneal hematoma 642
formation 443
post-venous injury 445f
Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection 481, 482
Retroperitoneal organ, injury to 431
Retroperitoneal para-aortic nodal dissection 482f
Retroperitoneal pelvic lymph node dissection 476f
Retroperitoneal spaces, development of 256
Retropubic space 41, 41f
Right angled retractor 644, 644f
Right ureter 239f
stenting 180f
Rigid hysteroscope 547f
Rigid laparoscopic instruments 30
Ring applicator 12, 12f, 94f
Ring forceps 644
pair of 87
Ritgen maneuver 636
modified 648f
Robotic adhesiolysis 413
Robotic endowrist suturing 476f
Robotic gynecological surgery and docking, port placement for 474
Robotic hysterectomy 475, 475f
Robotic myomectomy 187, 476
Robotic port placement 475f
Robotic surgery, disadvantages of 475
Rod lenses and reversal system 732
Rokitansky syndrome 313
diagnosis of 315
genital anatomy of 313
Roller ball electrocautery 392f
Roticulator andograsp and suture technique 748f
Roticulator endograsp 747
Rotocut morcellator 188f
Round ligament 157
Rubin's insufflation cannula 87, 91
Rubin's test 28
Rudiment horn 317f
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy 644
S
Sacral artery, middle 43, 43f
Sacral promontory 43f, 237f, 378, 379f, 380, 380f, 381
opened, peritoneum over 378f
Sacral vertebra level, second 372
Sacral vessels, middle 43f
Sacrococcygeal hematoma 496f
Sacrocolpopexy, laparoscopic 372
Sacrohysteropexy 372
laparoscopic 380
Sacrospinous colpopexy 149
complications 150
indications 149
Sacrospinous colpopexy
procedure 149
symptoms and signs 149
Sacrospinous ligament 152f, 155f, 372, 642
felt 154f
fixation 149f
suspension 149
Sacrum 372
Safe laparoscopic entry techniques 445
Saline 593
infusion
sonography 567, 573
sonohysterography 553
normal 56f
Salpingectomy 736
right 163f
Salpingitis isthmica nodosa 347
Salpingography 565f
and chromotubation, selective 565f
Salpingo-oophorectomy 232, 726
bilateral 141
demonstration of 167f
Salpingostomy 99, 104, 736
contraindications 99
incision 99
mechanical compression of 103f
postoperative work-up 100
steps of 100
surgical procedure 99
Scalp, caput formation on 640f
Scar
defects, total 388
endometriosis 260
recurrent 261f
sites of 260
tissue, retrieval of 400f
Scarpa's fascia 470, 472
Schauta's radical vaginal hysterectomy 16
Schiller's iodine test 57
Scissors, types of 9
Semm vacuum cannula 14
Sepsis 675
Septa 284
Septal metroplasty 618
Septal resection, surgery for 567
Septate uterine cavity 284
Septate uterus 567, 569f
complete 567
diagnosis of 567
incomplete 567
one side of 571f
partial 567
types of 567
Septic shock, features of 438
Septum 568
Serological chlamydia examination 561
Seromuscular layer, separation of 268f
Serosa
adhesiolysis of 356f
baseball stitch of 83f
Serous cystadenoma 120, 121f
computed tomography 120
epidemiology 120
etiology 120
location 120
macroscopic appearance 120
magnetic resonance imaging 120
microscopic appearance 120
treatment and prognosis 120
ultrasound 120
Serum
electrolytes 160
sodium level 582, 594
Sessile fundal polyp 555f
Seven cell embryo 696f
Sex chromosomes, mosaicism of 313
Sexual dysfunction 148
Sexual function 140
Sexual intercourse 129
Shirodkar stitch 665f
Shirodkar's forceps 25, 25f
Shirodkar's sling surgery 378, 378f
laparoscopic 378
Shirodkar's stitch 664
Shoulder
internal rotation of 637f
pain, postoperative 435
Sigmoid adhesiolysis with scissors 415f
Sigmoid adhesion 414f
Sigmoid colon 237f, 378
Sigmoidocele 139
Silk thread, end of 319f
Silver nitrate topical 131
Sim's anterior vaginal wall retractor 18, 18f
Sim's speculum 15
double-bladed 15f
insert 142f
single-bladed 15f
Simple intracorporeal knotting technique 746f
Simpson's uterine sound 20
Single incision
but multiport technique 707
laparoscopic surgery 187
covidien port 728
kit 720
port 716
stitch articulating suturing device 749
stitch device 748
stitch, jaws of 749f
skin 707
Single-port
laparoscopic surgery in gynecology 744
laparoscopy 736
surgery 733
Single-tooth vulsellum 644
Sinister burns 598
Skene's duct cyst 129
Skin
closed subcutaneous 659f
closure, end of 499f
incision 499f, 652, 652f, 725f
Small bowel
injury to 431, 438
obstruction 372, 437
resection anastomosis 490f
Smooth muscle relaxants 413
Sodium hyaluronate 424
Somatic innervation 44
Soonawala's speculum 16, 16f
Sorbitol 593
Space of Retzius 41
Speculum 55, 699
Sperm
retrieval techniques 702
single 691
Spermatic venous plexus 469
Splanchnic nerves 158
Spleen, injury to 431
Splenectomy en bloc excision 489f
Sponge holding forceps 18, 19f, 644
Spontaneous conception 568
Squamocolumnar junction 52, 53, 53f, 54
Squamous cell
carcinoma 59f
line 52
Squamous intraepithelial lesion, high-grade 60f
Square jaw single-tooth tenaculum 644
Squaring knot 82f
SSL port 717
Standard electromechanical morcellation 192
Staphylococcus 623
Steam sterilization 30
Stem cell
hysteroscopic injection of 630
injection needle 630f
Stent, hysteroscopic appearance of 345f
Sterilization 29, 30, 87
guidelines for 86
reversal of 347
Strawberry appearance 623, 623f
Streptococcus 623
Stress incontinence 139, 139f
Stress urinary
incontinence 15, 73f, 372, 451
repair 17
Stroma mast cells, disruption of 412
Stroma outside uterus 252
Stryker endoscopy 733
Stryker-ideal eyes-HD-articulating laparoscope 735
Stuck ovary 698
Subcutaneous emphysema 431, 432, 432f
Subcutaneous fat 260f
Subcutaneous tissue 131
Subendometrium 630
Subepithelial hemorrhage 63f
Subfertility 314, 587
Subinguinal Goldstein approach 472
Submucosal fibroid 583
laparoscopic removal of 583
polyp 554
Submucosal leiomyoma 573
complications 575
contraindications 573
management of 574
postoperative care 574
treatment of 583
Submucosal myomectomy, nonhysteroscopic method of 583
Submucous fibroid 185f, 583f, 584f, 618
polypectomy 580
Submucous leiomyoma, diagnosis of 573
Submucous myoma 593
classification of 186, 573
Subperitoneal tissue 319f, 320f
Subsequent pregnancy 687
Subserous fibroid 185f
Suction and irrigation system 13f
Suction cannula 537f
and graspers 256f
Suction irrigation
cannula 231f
device 315
system 13
Suction pump 639f, 699f
Suction tube 13
Sulfamethoxazole 129
Supracervical hysterectomy 736, 678f, 741
Supratrigonal fistulas 172
Supraumbilical trocar 35f
placement 35f
Surgeon's square knot 75
Surgery
abdominopelvic 330
bipolar 550
end of 82f
principle of 567
Surgical robot, parts of 474, 474f
Suture 354, 443, 729
efficiency of 76
final transfixation of 371f
material 48, 76, 190, 685
types of 76
Suturing
baseball technique of 190
bladder 77
bowel 77
final steps of 191f
steps of 744
vertical zone 75
Swab holder 644
Swiss cheese appearance 707
Symptomatic cyst 129
Symptomatic hyponatremia 617
T
Tachypnea 618
Tall columnar cells 52
Tamponade 443
Tampons 55
Teales vulsellum 19, 19f
Telescope 5, 315
straightforward 6
Tenaculum 10, 11f, 20, 20f
uses of 10
Teratoma, recurrent immature 492, 492f, 493
Terumo guidewire 561f
Test tube 692f, 703f
Testicular artery 471f
Testicular sperm extraction 702
incision 704f
microscopic 702
Testicular vein 472f
exposed 471f
Thalidomide 312
Thermal burn 180f, 598, 598f
Thermal injury 437, 595
Thermal perforation 616
Thromboembolism prevention 215
Thumb holds 5
Thunderbeat 69
Thyroid
function test 568
status, evaluation of 160, 265
Tissue
character 66
extraction of 13
impedance systems 69
injury 412
retrieval 729, 738f
methods of 736t
Tooth grasper 8f, 9, 232f, 258f, 612f
laparoscopic 283
multiload removed 609f
Torsion, pathophysiology of 217, 217f
Total laparoscopic hysterectomy 80f, 157, 161, 170b, 180, 252, 344f
in endometriosis 252
complications 259
principles of surgery 253
procedure 253
in endometriosis preoperative
evaluation 253
preparation 253
steps of 236
suturing in 77
Total laparoscopic myomectomy 186
Traction device 316t
fixed 321f
Tranexamic acid 597
Transcervical morcellation 741
Transcervical resectoscopic myomectomy 574
Transcervical septal resection 567
Transdouglas endoscopic device 752
Transenterix spider 717
Transformation zone 52
loop excision of 58
Transgastric approach 751
Transitory ligation 207
Transobturator tape 451, 452, 452t, 453f
placement, instruments for 452f
Transperineal approach 642
Transplant surgery 544
Transumbilical electromechanical morcellation 739f, 740f
Transumbilical morcellation 741
Transureteroureterostomy 307, 328, 332
short making 307
Transvaginal approach 641, 751
Transvaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery 751f
Transvaginal oocyte retrieval 698
technique, ultrasound-guided 691
Transvaginal ovum retrieval 698
Transvaginal sonography 388
role of 215
Transvaginal tape 452, 452t
Transvaginal ultrasonography 573
Transvaginal ultrasound 553, 610, 627
three-dimensional 628
transducer 698
Transverse H incision technique 277
Transverse lie 639
Transvesical method 180
Tranvaginal ultrasound 253
Trendelenburg position 500, 595
reverse 431
Trimethoprim 129
Triple-flap method 279
Triport and quadport
access system 713
devices, drawbacks of 714
Trocar 91, 315, 437
injury 437
insertion, secondary 113f
placed through umbilicus 34f
placement of 37f, 94f, 472
secondary 113f
primary 446
sleeve
adaptor 5, 6f
and trocar 4, 4f
Trophectoderm
biopsy 697f
cells 696f, 697f
hatching out of 695f
Trophoblast, persistence of 100
Tubal diseases 566
Tubal ligation 86, 90, 94f
bilateral 97
laparoscopic bilateral 94
left side 96f
right-sided 97f, 98f
types of 87
Tubal occlusion 347
methods of 92
Tubal partial obstruction 561
Tubal patency 561
tests 15
Tubal recanalization 347, 361
preoperative considerations 347
surgical
procedure 347
technique 347
Tubal rupture 100
Tubal sterilization 347
Tube
blanching of 105f
distal end of 361f
irrigation of 103f
postadnexectomy 234f
postsalpingostomy status of 103f
specimen of 259f
Tuberculosis 620f, 621
laparoscopic findings 621
pathognomonic of 619f
Tubo-ovarian abscess 536
Tuboperitoneal fistula formation 91
Tubular cavity 619
Tubular obliterated cavity 619f
Tumor
advanced stage 483
deposit 486f
early stage 478
necrosis factor-α 223
removal, laparoscopic 13
Twist knotting, technique of 744
U
Uchida technique 88, 89f
Ulcers in cavity 619
Ultrasonic scalpel 69
Ultrasound
intraoperative 215
transducer, laparoscopic 215
use of high frequency 215
Umbilical access port 736
Umbilical adhesions, incidence of 412
Umbilical artery, obliterated 373f
Umbilical fold
lateral 37f
medial and median 37f
Umbilical hernia 362, 725f, 730
adult 362
clinical examination 362
diagnosis of 362
incidence of 362
prevalence of 362
repair
concurrent 725f
laparoscopic 362
surgical correction of 362
treatment 362
Umbilical integrity 727
Umbilical ligament, median 36
Umbilicus 36, 124f, 707, 722f
cleaning of 727
incision in 727
preparation of 710
Veress insertion through 34f
Unicornuate cavity mimics 571f
Upper abdomen 722f
Upper and midureteral injuries 307, 328
Upper flap
baseball stitch of 79f
stitch on 79f
suture 78f
tightening 78f
thick bite in 84f
Upper pedicles 161
clamp, bilateral 448f
Upper vagina, repair of 641
Ureaplasma 623
urealyticum 561
Uremia 332
Ureter 39f, 45, 46f, 325, 327f, 379f, 483
beneath uterine artery 46f
bladder sutured to 307f, 326f
blood supply of 46f
course of 304, 304f
dissection of 504
entering pelvis 37f
identification of 233, 234f, 256f, 382f, 504
injury to 147
Ureteral injury 304, 304f
diagnosis 305
management of 309
minimally invasive treatment of 309
surgical management for 305, 305f
Ureteral replacement, tissue for 309
Ureteral substitution 309
Ureteric damage 331
Ureteric dissection
step-by-step 343f
steps of 334f
stepwise 333f
Ureteric injury 170, 330, 331
classification 330
diagnosis 330
etiology 330
incidence of 330
intraoperative diagnosis 330
management 331
options for 332
postoperative presentation 331
recognition of 325
repair, postoperative complications of 332
Ureteric opening freshened 306f, 325f
Ureteric reimplantation 337f, 339f, 342f
Ureteric repair, principles of 332
Ureteric stenosis 323
Ureteric stent 338f, 339f
steps of 335f
Ureteric tunnel
dissection 509, 513f
left side 512f
right side 511f
Ureterocalycostomy 332
Ureteroileocystostomy 332
Ureterolysis 232, 254
steps of 233
Ureteroneocystostomy 305, 309, 325, 328
Ureteroureterostomy 307, 309, 328
Urethra, injury to 147
Urethrocele 15
Uretric reimplantation 340f
Urinalysis 265
Urinary bladder 45
Urinary frequency 136
Urinary incontinence 136, 372
surgery for 152f
Urinary retention 136
Urinary stress incontinence 16
Urinary tract
female 323
injury to 170, 323, 660
Urinary urgency 136, 236
Urine sodium concentration 594
Urogenital diaphragm 47
Urogenital sinus 311
differentiation of 311
Urogynecology, robotics in 476
Urolithiasis 308
Urologic reconstruction 307
Urological injury 323
Uterine 139, 310
anomalies, classification of 282f
axis 157
cornua 88
descent 134
distension 595
Doppler 544
enlargement 330
fibromyometrium 628
fixation 500
hemorrhage 658
leiomyoma 183, 573
leiomyomata, surgery for 186
leiomyomatosis, diffuse 183
myometrium 203f
perforation 22, 28, 583, 595, 616
sound 20f
surface 254f
transplant surgery 539
tumor 91
vein 157, 483, 540
wounds, closure of 277
Uterine artery 43, 81f, 157, 164, 483, 540
and vein 483
bilateral 676f
branches of 44f
clamped 141f
course of 44f
embolization 187
exposed 675f
ligation 81f, 208f, 209f
completion of 81f
ligation, role of 207
anterior approach 207
lateral approach 207
posterior approach 207
origin of 43f
pedicle, coagulation of 165f
squaring knot in 81f
suturing of 81f
terminal part of 44
Uterine bleeding
abnormal 141, 158, 388, 447, 553, 609, 623, 627
excessive 186
postmenstrual abnormal 388
Uterine cavity 551, 588, 585f, 591f, 592f, 600, 611f
insertion of radium into 15
postpolypectomy of 556f
Uterine fibroids 183
types of 185f
Uterine incision 187
incomplete healing of 387
Uterine manipulator 14, 14f, 91
relation of 269f
Uterine prolapse 15, 135, 158
third degree of 141
Uterine rupture 675
during pregnancy 214
prevention of 583
Uterine septum 567
development of 567
Uterine vessels
cut 245f
dissection of 475f
ligation of 507f, 508f
Uterine wall 101f
wedge resection of 277
Utero-ovarian ligament 114f, 217, 500
Uterosacral ligament 40, 41f, 142f, 147f, 157, 202f, 235f, 249f, 257f, 304, 379f, 384f, 385f, 540
clamped, bilateral 677f
identification of 383f
Uterosacral stump 247f
Uterovaginal prolapse 134
bladder evaluation 137
classification of prolapse 134
complications 147
contraindications 134
evaluation 136
imaging 137
pathophysiology 134
physical examination 137
risk factors 134
surgical management 140
symptoms 136
Uterus 150f, 157
absence of 312, 497f
adhesions of 423f
anatomy of 157f
anteflexed 614
anterior aspect of 672f
anteverted 378, 614
arcuate 567
bicornuate 97, 97f, 282, 600
bulky 265f, 667f
didelphys 282
en bloc resection of 487f
fallopian tube 96f
fixing adenomyomatic 266f
fundus of 311
laparoscopic appearance of 163f
lateral border of 681f
mesh first fixed to 375f
myomas of 573f
normal 141, 568
posterior
aspect of 376f
wall of 681f
pseudodidelphys 15
retroverted 614
rudimentary 314f
side of 671f
sigmoid adhesions with 418f
transplant 539
donor selection 539
postoperative care of 544
technique 539
version of 615f
V
Vacuum cups, types of 639
Vacuum delivery, contraindications for 639
Vagina 47, 372
apex of 152f
complete prolapse of 150f
exposure of 450f
incised around fistula 173f
lubrication of 128
total prolapse of 149
upper third of 514f
Vaginal agenesis 313f
Vaginal apex 375f
Vaginal aplasia 310
Vaginal approach 143
Vaginal artery 43
Vaginal bleeding, excessive 147
Vaginal canal, total absence of 310
Vaginal colpotomizer 202f
Vaginal cuff excised 181f
Vaginal delivery 641
operative 639
vacuum-assisted 639
Vaginal discharge 609
Vaginal epithelium 146, 146f, 151, 154f, 173f, 179f
infiltrating 153f
Vaginal estrogenization, maximum 382
Vaginal fornix, posterior 537f
Vaginal hysterectomy 16, 19, 141, 150f, 157, 170, 447
laparoscopy assisted 157, 158
non-decent 141
surgical equipment for 141f
Vaginal infection, active 752
Vaginal inspection 386f
Vaginal ligation, advantages of 90
Vaginal manipulator 237
Vaginal medications 55
Vaginal mucosa 131, 146f, 147f, 152f, 642
Vaginal paravaginal repair 143
Vaginal prolapse 90
Vaginal rejuvenation 74f
Vaginal repair 172
principles of 172
steps 180
timing of repair 180
Vaginal retractor, anterior 90
Vaginal route
advantages of 751
disadvantages of 752
single-site surgery 751
Vaginal septum, longitudinal 15
Vaginal surgeries 148
Vaginal tube
ligation 89
rim of 165
Vaginal vault 382
closure of 165
prolapse 139, 148
incidence of 149
Vaginal wall 143, 146, 625f
and ligaments, flexibility of 751
collapse 625f
cysts 15
integrity of posterior 145
posterior 134, 248f, 257, 249f
prolapse 15
visualized 626f
Vaginitis 280
Vaginoscopic approach 618
Vaginoscopic technique 625
advantages 625
procedure 625
Vaginoscopy 625
Valtchev uterine mobilizer 14
Varicocele 469, 470
idiopathic 469
prevalence of 469
secondary 469, 469b
subclinical 470
treatment of 470
types of 469
Vascular anomalies 372
Vascular complication, types of 443
Vascular endothelial growth factor 223
Vascular graft, placement of 445f
Vascular injury 170, 443
less risk of 751
major 307, 328
Vasopressin
infiltration 284f
injection 105f, 189, 189f
needle 159, 263, 283
solution 284
Vault postsuturing, appearance of 248f
Vault prolapse 149, 372
Vault suturing 80f, 515
Vecchietti operation, laparoscopic modification of 315
Vecchietti procedure 310
Vein
dilated 472f
internal spermatic 469
Venous pressure, raised 618
Venous thrombosis 436
Veress insufflation 475
Veress needle 3, 3f, 91, 113, 437, 446, 594
extraperitoneal 4f
insertion of 3f, 437
intraperitoneal 3f
perforation 437
Vesical artery, superior 43f
Vesical peritoneum 425f
Vesicocervical ligaments 40
Vesicopsoas hitch 307, 325
Vesicouterine ligaments 40
Vesicovaginal fascia 144f, 145f
Vesicovaginal fistula 15, 172, 180
repair 16
traditional 172f
Vesicovaginal space 42
dissection of 410
Vessels
abnormal 61f
injury to 431
internal pudendal 641
lymphatic 473
sealing technology 68
torsion of 217f
Vestibular mucosa 130
Vicryl bladder mucosa 176f
Vicryl suture 439f
Video camera unit 7, 8f, 187, 315
Viral markers 160, 265
Visceral injury 472
Visceral peritoneum defect 410
Vision 615, 735
and optics 728
defective 615f
hysteroscopic 388, 566
laparoscopic 113f
Visual examination of cervix 15
Visual inspection 55
Volposcope 56f
Vulva, lubrication of 128
Vulval itching, history of 62f
Vulvar pain 129
W
Water
absorption, excess 617
intoxication 617
Wertheim's operation to dissect ureter 23
Wheezing 618
White discharge per vagina 62f
White tubercles 619f
Word catheter
balloon tip of 130f
placement 130
World Health Organization 86t
Worms, bag of 469
Wound
abdominal 724f
healing 76, 77, 132, 727
infection 431, 660, 727, 730
retractor 717
and glove 717
strength of 76
X
X-cone 714, 728
Xenon 7
light source 8f
Y
Y-mesh
fixed 381f
stem of 381
upper part of 381, 381f
Z
Zona pellucida 693
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