FOGSI Focus: Adolescent Intervention for Future Reproductive Health Alok Sharma, Rohan Palshetkar, Nandita Palshetkar, Girish Mane
INDEX
Page numbers followed by f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table.
A
Abdominal pain, symptoms of 12
Abdomino-pelvic pain, chronic 17
Abnormal uterine 36
bleeding 4, 37, 40, 61
Abortion 42, 43
unsafe 2, 44, 64
Absolute uterine factors 1
Abstinence 61
Acne 36
Acquired anatomical abnormalities 1
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 54, 71, 74
Acute bleeding, management of 37
Acyclovir 57
Adenomas 12
Adolescent friendly health services 73
Adolescent health 65
programs 46
Adolescent pregnancy 44, 49
Adolescent reproductive program 2
Adolescent responsive quality healthcare 2
Adolescent-friendly health clinics 74
Adult endometriosis 32, 33
phenotype of 33t
Affect future fertility 39
Age-related fecundity decline 1
Alcohol and drugs 75
Alkylating agents 23
Alpha-fetoprotein 24
Alpha-hydroxylase deficiency 1, 12
Alpha-reductase deficiency 12
Amenorrhea 11
causes of primary 11, 13t, 14t
evaluation of primary 12, 14fc
primary 11, 12, 13, 15
Ampicillin 58
Anal sex 70
Androgen insensitivity syndrome 1, 12, 15
Androstenedione 3
Anemia 15, 48
causes of 48
global burden 48
management of 51, 51t
mild 51
moderate 51
presentation of 49
prevention of 49, 50fc
severe 51
signs and symptoms of 49
treatment of 50
Anogenital warts 2
Anomalies affecting uterus 16
Anorchia 1
Anorectal malformations 1
Anorexia nervosa 12, 15
Antepartum hemorrhage 60
Antiandrogens 72
Antifibrinolytics 39
Anti-müllerian hormone 3
Anxiety 2
Arcuate uterus 16, 16f
Aromatase deficiency 1, 12
Artificial ovary 26
Asherman's syndrome 1
Autoimmune ovarian insufficiency 2
Azithromycin 57
B
Bacterial vaginosis 54, 57
Balanced diet 49
Barrier contraception 61
Benzathine penicillin G 58
Bichloroacetic acid 57
Bicornuate uterus 16, 17f
Bilateral cryptorchidism 1
Blood pressure 3
Body mass index 3
Bone age, tests for 3
Borderline ovarian tumors 24
Boredom 69
BRCA mutation 25
Breast
absent 13
development 3
present 13
Breastfeeding difficulties 45
Bruising, history of 37
C
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis 55
Cancer
adolescents with 5
diagnosis 22
Carcinosarcomas 25
Cardiac disease, end-stage 2
Cefotetan 58
Ceftriaxone 57, 58
Central nervous system 13
Cerebral palsy 1
Cervical
atresia 1
inflammation 55
Cervicitis 57
Chancroid 54, 55
Chemotherapy 23
Child friendly procedures 67
Children from Sexual Offences Act, protection of 60, 66
Chlamydia 2, 37, 54
infection 54, 57
trachomatis 54
Clindamycin 57
Combined oral contraceptive pill 33, 38, 61
Community education 45
Complete blood count 51
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia 1
adult-onset 12
Congenital anomalies 16
Congenital central nervous system defects 1
Congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia 12
Congestive cardiac failure 49
Contraception 45, 60, 62
injectable 62, 72
Contraceptives
choice of 72
long-acting reversible 61
Craniopharyngioma 2, 12
Cryotherapy 57
Cushing's disease 12
Cushing's syndrome 2
Cyclic hormone thermotherapy 35
Cyproterone acetate 72
Cystic fibrosis 1
Cytomegalovirus 54
D
Danazol 33
Dating violence 2
Davydov procedure 21
Deep vein thrombosis 38
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate 3, 13, 38
Delivery and postpartum 45
Deoxyribonucleic acid 23
Depression 2, 74
Desogestrel 72
Diabetes
mellitus 2
screening for 3
Diarrheal diseases 74
Down's syndrome 1
Doxycycline 57, 58
Drospirenone 72
E
Eating disorders 2
Embryo cryopreservation 22
Emergency contraception 61, 62
Emergency medical care 68
Empty sella 2
turcica 12
Endocrine disrupting chemicals 2
Endocrinological disorders 15
Endometriosis 1, 5, 31f
classification of 34f
pathophysiology of 32f
Enzyme deficiencies 12, 15
Epididymitis 57
Epithelial ovarian cancer 23
Epithelial tumors 25
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 3
Erythromycin 57
ethylsuccinate 57
Ethinyl estradiol 38
Ethynodiol diacetate 72
Eugonadotropic eugonadism 12, 15
European Society for Medical Oncology 25
European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology 26
F
False complaint 67
Famciclovir 57
Female intersex 12
Feminine sprays 2
Fertility awareness method 62
Fertility preservation 26fc
facilities 2
Fertility-sparing
methods 22
strategies 25fc
surgery 23, 25
Fertiprotective agents 23, 26
Fetal growth restriction 17
Fibroids 1, 28
Folic acid supplementation 50
Follicle-stimulating hormone 1, 11, 12, 14
Forbes-Albright syndrome 12
Fragile-X permutation 1
Frasier syndrome 14
G
Galactosemia 1, 12
Genetic disorders 12
Genital herpes 55
simplex 57
Genital mutilation 1
Genital tract examination 3
Genital trauma and mutilation 2
Genital tuberculosis 2
Genital warts 55, 57
Germ cell
damage 26
tumors 2, 22, 23
Gonadal dysgenesis 1, 11, 13, 14
Gonadoblastoma 14
Gonadotoxic chemotherapy 2
Gonadotropin levels, classification on 11
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone 13, 14, 23, 26, 35
agonists 33
deficiency 1, 12
receptor mutation 12
Gonadotropin-resistant ovary syndrome 12
Gonococcal infections 57
Gonorrhea 53, 54
prevalence of 54
Granuloma inguinale 54, 55
Gynecological cancers 22
H
Haemophilus ducreyi 55
Health concern 43
Hematocolpos 20
Hematometra 20
Hematosalpinx 20
Hemivagina 17
Hemoglobin 38, 48
Hemogram 3
Hepatitis 54
Herpes simplex 54
Hirsutism 36
signs of 3
Hookworm
prevention of 50
treatment of 50
Hormonal medical therapy 39
Human chorionic gonadotropin 38
Human immunodeficiency virus 43, 54, 60, 68, 69, 74
Human papillomavirus 53, 58
infection 2, 54, 55
Human rights, universal declaration of 64
Hymen, anomalies of 18
Hyperandrogenemia 4
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism 11, 13
Hypergonadotropic states 14
Hyperprolactinemia 2, 15
Hyperthyroidism 2
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 2, 15
Hypogonadotropic states 14
Hypopituitarism 1
Hypothalamic dysfunction 36
Hypothalamic hypogonadism 12
Hypothyroidism 2
Hysterectomized women 26
Hysteroscopic metroplasty 16
I
Imiquimod 57
Imperforate hymen 1, 12, 15, 18, 19f
In vitro ovarian follicle
growth 26
maturation 26
Infection 2, 43
Infertility 43
Inguinal canal, examination of 3
Insulin-like growth factor-1 13
International Conference on Population and Development Programme of Action 64
International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics 23
Interpersonal violence 74
Intrauterine
balloon 39
contraceptive device 62, 72
device 70, 71
system 62
Ipsilateral renal agenesis 17
Iron
deficiency anemia 48, 50
requirement, increased 48
supplementation 49
Ivermectin 57, 58
J
Juvenile Justice Act 66
Juvenile police unit 60
K
Kallmann's syndrome 1, 12, 15
Kidney function test 3
Klinefelter's syndrome 1
L
Leiomyomas, etiology of 28
Leptin deficiency 2
Levofloxacin 57
Levonorgestrel 72
intrauterine system 62
Lichen planus 2
Lichen sclerosis 2
Liver
disease, end-stage 2
function test 3
Local irritants, use of 2
Lung disease, end-stage 2
Luteinizing hormone 1, 13, 14, 23
Lymphadenopathy 3
Lymphoblastic leukemia, acute 2
Lymphogranuloma venereum 54, 55, 57
M
Maintenance therapy 40
Malaria 2
parasite testing 51
Malnutrition 12, 15, 73
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome 1, 12, 15, 20, 20f
Mcindoe
procedure 15
vaginoplasty 20
Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 68
Medroxyprogesterone acetate 13, 62
Menses, normal and abnormal 36
Menstrual abnormalities 36, 40
Menstrual bleeding 36
pathophysiology of 11
Menstrual hygiene 2, 65
Mental and psychological state 2
Mental health 74
disorders 74
Metabolic and endocrinological problems 1
Metronidazole 57, 58
Mixed connective tissue disease 2
Mosaicism 14
Mosaics 11
Mucopurulent cervicitis 55
Müllerian agenesis 13, 15, 20
diagnosis of 4
Müllerian anomalies 1, 4, 15
Müllerian development
absence of 12
normal 12
Müllerian ducts 19
Mullerian dysgenesis 1
Müllerian tumors 25
Multiple partners 70
Mumps 2
Myeloid leukemia, acute 2
Myxedema 49
N
National Commission for Protection of Children's Rights 66
Neisseria gonorrhoeae 4, 55
Neoplasia 2
Neuroblastoma 2
Nondysgerminomatous tumors 24
Nongonococcal urethritis 55, 57
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 2
Nonobstructed cervix 17
Nonpharmacological management 39
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 33, 35, 38
Norethindrone 72
Norgestimate, third-generation 72
Norgestrel, second-generation 72
Nutrition and micronutrient deficiencies 75
O
Obesity 1, 36, 75
Obstetric complications 43
Ofloxacin 57
Oocyte
cryopreservation 22
immature 22
Oophoropexy 23
Oral contraceptive 39, 70, 72
Ovarian cancer 22, 25
Ovarian cryopreservation 22
Ovarian cysts 5
Ovarian deficiency, primary 1
Ovarian failure
premature 2
prevention of chemotherapy-associated 23
Ovarian germ cell tumors, malignant 23
Ovarian hyperstimulation, controlled 22
Ovarian reserve, predicting 23
Ovarian teratoma, immature 24
Ovarian transposition 23
Ovarian tumors 2, 22, 23
Ovulatory dysfunction 36
P
Pediculosis pubis 57
Peer pressure 69
Pelvic examination 13
Pelvic inflammatory disease 54, 55, 58, 60
chronic 2
Pelvic irradiation 2
Pelvic pain, chronic 43
Perineal wash 2
Periodic abstinence method 62
Peripheral blood smear, examination of 51
Permethrin 57, 58
Physical activity 75
Pineal gland tumors 12
Piperonyl butoxide 57
Pituitary adenoma 2
Pituitary hypoplasia 12
Platelet count 3
Podofilox 57
Polycystic ovary syndrome 1, 4, 12, 38, 61
Poor perineal hygiene 2
Poor socioeconomic status 2
Postabortal sepsis 2
Prader orchidometer 3
Prader-Willi's syndrome 2
Pregnancy
hypertensive disorders of 60
prevention of 70
unwanted 64, 69, 70
Premarital sex 69
Premature deliveries 60
Progestins 33
Prolactinomas 12
Prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors 39
Pseudohypoparathyroidism 2
Psychological stress 2
Puberty 53
completion of 36
Pulmonary embolism 38
Pure dysgerminoma 24
Pure gonadal dysgenesis 11, 14
Pyrethrins 57
R
Radical surgery 25
Radiotherapy 23
Receptor and enzyme defects 1
Renal disease 49
end-stage 2
Reproductive age, women of 26fc
Reproductive tract anomalies 4
Respiratory illness 49
Rheumatoid arthritis 2
S
Salpingectomy 25
Savage syndrome 12
Scabies 54, 58
Septate uterus 16, 16f
Serum
alpha-fetoprotein 24
anti-müllerian hormone 23
estradiol 3
thyroid-stimulating hormone 13
Sex
and drugs 70
chromosomes
abnormal 11, 13
normal 11
cord stromal tumors, malignant 24
paying for 70
safe 69
unprotected 69, 70
unsafe 69, 70
Sexual abuse 44
Sexual activity, unprotected 69
Sexual and reproductive health 64
Sexual attraction 69
Sexual characters, development of 12
Sexual health 71
program 2
thieves of 1
Sexual history 37
Sexuality 2
education 7072
Sexually transmitted
diseases 4, 53, 60, 68
infection 2, 44, 53, 55, 56, 60, 64, 6971
Sheehan's syndrome 2
Sigmoid vaginoplasty 21
Simmonds disease 12
Social and media pressure 69
Soft tissue 2
Soil transmitted helminths 50
Sphingosine-1-phosphate 26
Spina bifida 1
Spinal injuries 1
Spironolactone derivatives 72
Spontaneous abortion 17
risk for 16
State Commission for Protection of Children's Right 66
Steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome 2
Stress 12
Subseptate uterus 16
Substance abuse 69
Suicide 74
Sulbactam 58
Swyer's syndrome 1, 11, 14
Syphilis 54, 55, 58
prevalence of 55
T
Teenage pregnancies 42, 60
management of 45
Testicular regression 1
Testicular tumors 2
Tetanus 43
Thyroid
disease 12
function tests 3
stimulating hormone 13, 14
Thyromegaly 3
Tinidazole 57, 58
Tranexamic acid 39
Transgender 2
Transverse vaginal septum 1, 12, 15, 19
types of 19f
Treponema pallidum 55
Trichloroacetic acid 57
Trichomonas vaginalis 55
Trichomoniasis 54, 58
True intersex 12
Tumor 2
marker 3
Turner's syndrome 1, 11, 13
U
Undernutrition 75
Unhygienic conditions 43
Unicornuate uterus 17, 18f
Urethral discharge, abnormal 55
Urethral inflammation 55
Urological tract examination 3
Uterine artery embolization 29
Uterine cavity 18f
Uterine evacuation 40
Uterine fibroid 28, 29
pathophysiology 29f
Uterine leiomyomas 28
Uterine leiomyomata 28f
Uterine rupture 18
Uterus 43
and vagina, congenital absence of 1
didelphys 17, 17f, 19f
present 13
transplantation 26
V
Vagina, anomalies of 19
Vaginal agenesis 20
diagnosis of 21
differential diagnosis of 20
Vaginoplasty 15
Valacyclovir 57
Vasculitis 2
Vecchietti procedure 21
Violence 74
Virilisation, signs of 3
Vision 3
Visual examination 13
Visual field 3
Vitamin A 43
von Willebrand disease 3
Vulvovaginitis 2
W
Weight loss 12
Williams surgery 15
Williams vulvovaginoplasty 21
X
X chromosome, abnormal 11
Y
Y chromosome 1
Yolk sac tumors 24
×
Chapter Notes

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FOGSI Focus: Adolescent Intervention for Future Reproductive Health
FOGSI Focus: Adolescent Intervention for Future Reproductive Health
Editor-in-Chief Nandita Palshetkar MD FCPS FICOG FRCOG (UK) Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Dr DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Past President, FOGSI, 2019 Scientific Director, Bloom IVF Editor Girish Mane MBBS DGO FICOG Director Mane Hospital, Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India Chairperson Adolescent Health Committee, FOGSI (2019–2021) Chairperson Adolescent Gynecology Committee, AMOGS Co-Editors Rohan Palshetkar MS (Obs and Gyne) FRM ART Consultant and Endoscopic Surgeon Associate Professor Unit Head Dr DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Joint Treasurer, MAGE; 2nd Joint Secretary, AMOGS Managing Committee Member, MOGS and MSR Alok Sharma MD DHA MICOG Assistant Professor Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Dr Rajendra Prasad Medical College Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India Founder Secretary Indian Menopause Society, Shimla Chapter Founder Secretary Indian Fertility Society, Himachal Pradesh Chapter
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FOGSI Focus: Adolescent Intervention for Future Reproductive Health
First Edition: 2021
9789389776492
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Dear God, whose eternal blessing and divine presence helps us to fulfil all our goals
This book is dedicated to all adolescents.
– Girish Mane
Contributors President Message
Dear FOGSIANs
The theme of FOGSI this year is “We for Stree”. I would like to thank every FOGSIAN who has helped making every woman—Safer Stronger and Smarter. Through various academic and social programs, FOGSI aims to uplift the quality of care that is given to every woman who comes to us.
Adolescent health is an important part of every gynecologist practice. It can be quite challenging and pose a dilemma in our everyday practice. This FOGSI Focus aims at giving you an in-depth update on adolescent health which will help us in our day-to-day practice and also helps us improve adolescent health in the country.
I would like to thank the editors, Girish Mane, Rohan Palshetkar and Alok Sharma for their efforts for bringing out this game wonderful FOGSI Focus on Adolescent Intervention for Future Reproductive Health. I would also like to thank all the authors who have contributed towards this FOGSI Focus. I am sure that you will appreciate the effort which has gone into preparing this FOGSI Focus and find them useful in your day-to-day practice.
Wish you all a very happy reading.
Nandita Palshetkar
MD FCPS FICOG FRCOG (UK)
Professor
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Dr DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center
Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Past President, FOGSI, 2019
Scientific Director, Bloom IVF
Preface
This particular FOGSI Focus on Adolescent Intervention for Future Reproductive Health discusses the details of managing the various physical and mental issues affecting adolescents.
The main aim of this Focus is to ensure that you as gynecologists gets a quick insight and update into adolescent health by reading this focus.
We would like to thank Dr Nandita Palshetkar for giving us this opportunity to be a part of this FOGSI Focus and we hope all of you enjoy reading it as well.
Happy reading!
Thanking you
Girish Mane
Rohan Palshetkar
Alok Sharma
Acknowledgments
Giving thanks is a pleasant job, but it is, nonetheless, difficult when one sincerely tries to put such ideas into words. The following humble words of expression and gratitude cannot really convey the deep feelings of our heart. In any attempt to create and produce a textbook of adolescent gynecology, i.e., FOGSI Focus on Adolescent Intervention for Future Reproductive Health, one must be fortunate enough to have the assistance and support of many talented professionals, both within and outside the gynecology department. To begin with, we are indebted to all our authors for their generous contributions to this book; all of them, despite their busy schedules, provided recent, up-to-date, and evidence-based chapters on various aspects of adolescent health for the future perspectives in reproductive health.
We have selected contributors from different parts of India.
It again has been a pleasure to work with the dedicated professionals from M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, India. This publisher has been gracious in offering support without any interference, whatsoever, and the team has also ensured that the quality of work is superb.
We have been deeply indebted to Dr Nandita Palshetkar, Past President FOGSI (2019–2020), for her unconditional support. She has brought her considerable intelligence, energetic work ethic, and creativity to this edition. Her dedication for creating the best textbook possible equalled our efforts to produce an appropriate style for the textbook.
This textbook would not have seen the light of the day without the untiring efforts of Dr Vrishali Mane, who skilfully kept this project on track through an array of potential hurdles.
We acknowledge our respected parents, who have laid the foundation stone of literacy in us and given us the courage to face the challenges of the world by inculcating good attributes in us. We also thank our wives for their tolerance and understanding of the time, we spent away from them during editing this textbook. Their constant encouragement, moral support, and love has been a source of inspiration to us for completing this work. Finally, but certainly not last, we thank our children for their immense patience.