IAP Textbook of Tropical Diseases
INDEX
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table.
A
Abacavir 314, 315
Abdomen
acute 272
computed tomography of 530f
sonography of 249
ultrasonography of 715
Abdominal pain 212, 247, 348
causes of 12
Abdominal wall defects 165
Abortion 722
spontaneous 79
Abscess
eosinophilic 521
localized 213
parapharyngeal 254
Absolute eosinophil count 434
Academic organizations, role of 57
Acalvaria 503504
Acanthamoeba 411, 412, 420424
cysticidal 424
keratitis 412, 422, 422f
manifestations of 412
Accredited Social Health Activist 25, 163, 188, 194
capacity building of 191
counseling family 189f
diary 190f
filling diary 190f
kit 190f
role of 194t
Acellular pertussis vaccine 256
Acetylsalicylic acid 556
Achondroplasia 497, 498f
Acid-fast bacilli 286, 297, 329
Acidosis 117, 393, 636
Acinetobacter 117, 156, 158
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 4, 25, 233, 245, 309, 404, 663
prevention and control of 316
Acrodermatitis enteropathica 96
Acrodynia 649
Actinomadura 467
Acute diarrhea 219
causes of 220t
Acute encephalitic syndrome 273, 325, 326, 328, 330, 330t, 331
diagnosis of 327t
Acute malnutrition, community-based management of 70
Acyclovir 363
infusion, intravenous 364
Adefovir 337, 366
Adenosine monophosphate 221
Adenosylcobalamin 574, 575f
Adenovirus 229, 324, 590, 662
Adhatoda vasica 652
Adipocytes secrete proinflammatory peptides 104
Adipose tissue 61
Adjunctive therapy 262, 556
Adjuvant therapy 673
Adolescent International Travelers 708
Adrenocorticotropic hormone 404, 566, 567
Adverse drug reactions 725
Aedes
aegypti 10, 12, 344, 351, 356, 685, 707
albopictus 10, 12, 344, 351, 543, 707
niveus 344
polynesiensis 344
Aeromonas hydrophila 389, 391
Aerophobia 606
African trypanosomiasis 6
Agglutination test 248, 264
microscopic 264
Air pollution 527
household 697, 698
Airborne infections 247
Airway 164, 632, 694695
disease, reactive 229
maintenance of 255, 274
tracheobronchial 675
Alanine
aminotransferase 348, 668
transaminase 106, 289, 366
Albendazole 11, 418, 439
single dose 69
Albumin 141
synthesis 62
Alcohol 607, 634, 690
overdose 675
Aldehyde oxidase 97
Algid malaria 394, 400
Alkaline phosphatase 201
Alkalosis 628
All India Ophthalmological Society 583
Allergens, peculiarities of 548
Allergic diseases 473
Allergic disorders 547
spectrum of 547
Allergic reactions 654
Allergic rhinitis 527, 548
pharmacotherapy of 548t
seasonal 548
Allergy 54
diseases, spectrum of 548
factors affecting 547
pediatric 547
Alpha-adrenergic agonists 635
Alpha-linolenic acids 135
Alphavirus 356, 663
Alveolar bone 598
Amantadine 358
Amastigote 402
Ambient air pollution 697, 698
sources of 698
Amblyopia 494495, 584
anisometropic 584
isoametropic 584
Amebic meningoencephalitis 424
primary 411, 420
American Academy of Pediatrics 126, 245, 245t, 676
Dentistry 595
American Board of Pediatrics 5
American Heart Association 555
American Society of Hematology 515
American trypanosomiasis 14
Amikacin 292
Amino acid
formulas 135
precursors, gluconeogenic 132
sulfur containing 97
Aminoglycoside 121
Amoxicillin 216, 265
clavulanate 238
high-dose 237
oral 65, 71
Amphetamines 634, 636, 693
Amphotericin B 406, 469, 471, 472
deoxycholate 407
lipid
complex 406
formulations of 406
Ampicillin 121, 215217
Anamnestic reactions 215
Anaplasmosis 267
Ancylostoma 588
duodenale 11, 436, 438
Ancylostomiasis 438
Anemia 156, 200, 404, 646
autoimmune hemolytic 260
hemolytic 261
iron resistant sideroblastic 96
prevalence of 37, 39
severe 70, 393, 400
Anesthesia, general 676
Anganwadi
center 44
services 43
worker 27, 44, 188, 194
Angioedema
causes of 550t
hereditary 550
Angiosarcomas 646
Angiostrongylus cantonensis 220
Angular cheilitis 464
Animal bite 605
wound, management of 606
Annual blood examination rate 688
Anopheles 13, 433, 682
culicifacies 392
fluviatilis 392
mosquitoes 12, 706
stephensi 392
Anorexia 212, 404, 649
nervosa 73
Anthelminthic treatment 96, 99, 100
Anthrax 272
disease 714
Antibiotic 65, 126, 220, 223, 227, 231, 255
antirickettsial 274
associated diarrhea 223
chloramphenicol, topical eyedrops of 69
overuse of 724
resistance 235
therapy 214, 265
completion of 214
use of 217, 223t
Antibody
anticapsular 234
competitive immunoassay 40
detection of 405
Antibotulin toxin 220
Anticholinesterase drugs 634
Anticonvulsants 633635, 694, 695
tricyclic 632, 633, 639
Antidiabetics, oral 633
Antidotes 638
Antiemetic drugs 223
Antiendotoxin therapy 244
Antiepileptic 274, 453, 634
drug 204
Antifibrinolytics 514
Antifungal therapy 471, 472
Antigen
detection of 234, 405, 409, 417
test 243
Antiglobulin 248
Anti-herpes virus agents 363
Antihistamines 588, 634, 635
Antihypertensive agents 634
Antimalarial combination therapy 396
Antimalarial drug prophylaxis 126
Antimicrobial resistance 718
Antimicrobial sensitivity testing 215
Antimicrobial therapy 216, 218, 673
inhibits cell 673
Antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody
absence of 552, 553
associated vasculitis 564
Antinutrients, contents of 55
Antinutritional factors 55
Antiobesity drug 653
Antiparasite agent 224
Antipsychotic 104, 634, 635
drug, history of 693
Antirabies vaccines 606, 608
Antiretroviral drugs 313, 367
classification of 315t
side effects of major 315t
toxicity of 368
Antiretroviral therapy 70, 140, 367, 663
indications of 367
Antiretroviral treatment 309, 317, 319
regimen 316t
Antirickettsial
drugs 274t
therapy 274
Antiscabetic agent 386
Antiscabetic drugs 380b
Antiseptic, application of 607
Anti-snake venom serum 613
therapy, endpoint of 613
Antistreptolysin O 559, 579
Antitetanus prophylaxis 607
Antithyroid peroxidase antibody 569
Antitoxins 220
Antituberculosis drug dosages 284t
Antituberculosis treatment 151, 312, 318, 319
Anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy 561
Antitussives 231
Antiviral drugs 363
Antiviral therapy 338
Anuria 264
Aorta, coarctation of 506
Aortic arch, interrupted 507
Aortic stenosis 506, 507
Aphasia 421
Aplastic anemia 512
classification of 513t
etiology of 512t
Apnea, iatrogenic 255
Apneic episodes 591
Appendix 438
Appetite test 63, 63b, 63t
Aqueous crystalline penicillin G 228
Arachidonic acid 131
Arboviral infection 714, 716
Arbovirus 158, 306, 307
Arginine 139
Arnold-Chiari malformation 504f
Arrhythmias 213, 351, 615, 632
Arsenates, lethal doses of 645
Arsenic 634, 635, 645
acute ingestion of 645
poisoning
acute 646t, 647b
late sequelae of 646t
severe acute 647b
toxicity 645b
chronic 646
Artemisinin-based combination
therapy 396
treatment 718
Arterial pressure, mean 669
Arthralgia 75, 247, 260, 613
Arthritis 214, 247, 260
juvenile idiopathic 588
peripheral 247, 250
Arthrogryposis 154
Arthropod-borne diseases 266
protection against 706
Ascariasis 8, 17, 438
Ascaris 588
lumbricoides 11, 436, 535
Ascites 151
Ascorbic acid 74
Aspartate aminotransferase 668
Aspartate transaminase 106, 348
Aspergillosis 412, 472
allergic bronchopulmonary 473, 522524
cutaneous 472473
invasive 472
pulmonary 472
Aspergillus 473
antigen 473
flavus 472
fumigatus 472, 473, 523
niger 472
spores 523
Asphyxia 137
perinatal 24
Aspiration 126, 255, 443
Aspirin 126, 638
Asplenia, anatomic 236
Asthenia 404
Asthma 260, 262, 527, 699
bronchial 348
pediatric 548
Ataxia 72, 421, 692
Atelectasis 676
Atovaquone-proguanil 707, 708, 710
Atrial fibrillation 629
Atrial natriuretic peptide 126
Atrial septal defect 506, 507
Atrioventricular septal defect 506
Atrophy, cortical 153
Atropine 634
low-concentration 584
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 173, 699
Autism spectrum disorder 173, 699
Autoimmune disorders 669
Automated blood culture systems 214
Autonomic dysfunction, evidence of 693
Autonomic nervous system 253
Auxiliary nurse midwife 27, 163, 188
Avian influenza viruses 358, 662
Axillae 149
Azathioprine 565
Azithromycin 216, 217, 227, 231, 236, 244, 262, 274, 411, 416, 716
oral 716
Azotemia 264
Aztreonam 216
B
Baby friendly hospital initiative 127, 132
Baby-led weaning 52
Bacillary index 297
Bacillus
anthracis 220
calmette-guérin 151, 554
injection of 292
vaccine 300
cereus 220
thuringiensis israelensis 683
Bacteremia 214, 236
asymptomatic transient 242
common agents of 715
major cause of 217
Bacteria
enterotoxigenic 221
multidrug-resistant 659
Bacterial index 297
Bacterial infections 209
neonatal 148
Bacterium
bordetella pertussis 229
Shigella dysenteriae 663
Bacteroides bacteremia 529
Balamuthia 411, 423
mandrillaris 420
Balloon angioplasty 534f
Bardet-Biedl syndrome 103
Bariatric surgery 107
Barium 635
Barker's hypothesis 56
Bartholin's gland abscess 259
Bartonella quintana 385
Basal cell carcinomas 646
Basal ganglia 663
Basic life support 618, 620
mass awareness of 677
Basidiobolus 469
Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome 592
Bat rabies 610
Bayley infant neurodevelopmental screener 202, 203
Bayley scale of infant development 202, 203
B-cell dysfunction 311
Beclomethasone 549
Behavior modification and social support 106
Behçet's disease 553, 565
diagnosis of 565
Belladonna alkaloids 634
Benzocaine 633
Benzodiazepines 629, 694, 695
Benzyl benzoate 381, 382
Benzylpenicillin 65, 227
Beriberi 72
Beta blockers 629, 634, 635
Beta-adrenergic agonist 126
Beta-lactam
antibiotic 238
antimicrobial agents 259
extended-spectrum 161
higher concentrations of 235
resistance, promote 236
Beta-thalassemia 498
diagnosis of 501t
Bicuspid aortic valve 506
Bilevel positive airway pressure 619
Bilharziasis 682
Bilirubin 646
Biotin deficiency 73
Birth asphyxia 117, 120, 123
Birth attendant, trained 188
Birth complications, premature 20
Birth weight 591
Bismuth subsalicylate 707
effects of 707
Bite
provoked 610
unprovoked 610
wild animals 610
Biting animal
observation of 610
vaccination status of 610
Bitot's spots 76
Black measles 266
Black piedra, clinical features of 464t
Bladder 630
Blastomycosis 475
Bleeding 163
abnormal 394
and coagulopathy, spontaneous 400
disorders 662
management of severe 348
tendency 632
treatment of acute 514
Blepharitis 585
bacterial 585
Blindness 649
Blood
clotting time, whole 611
components 669
culture 150, 214, 248, 715
collection of 669
gas 635
analyzers 180
arterial 629, 668
glucose 399
rapid 635
lead levels 643, 644
pressure 616
products 179
purifier 653
sugar 163
targets 669
transfusion 511
urea nitrogen 497
vessels 272
erosion of 212
Blood-borne
transmission 305, 306
viral infections 371
precautions for 372t
Bloodstream 236
infections, central line-associated 161
Blount disease 104
Blurred vision 611
Body louse 384
Body mass index 61, 102, 105
mean 51
Body surface area 623
total 625
Bone
and joint infections 158
formation 97
marrow 508, 513
cultures 215
depression 274
transplant 510
Borderline leprosy 296
clinical aspects of 297t
Bordetella pertussis 229
Bordet-Gengou culture 231
Borrelia recurrentis 385
Botulism 634, 635
Bovine milk 135
Bowel disease, inflammatory 236
Bowel irrigation, whole 637
Bowen's disease 646
Bradycardia 509, 510, 615, 629, 630, 633635, 666
Bradypnea 633, 634, 666
Brain
abscess 158, 214
bacterial 412
development 79, 81
hemorrhage 117
Brainstem 663
dysfunction, prominent signs of 354
evoked response audiometry 198
Breast crawl, concept of 47
Breast milk 130, 134
expressed 134
fortification of 136
Breastfeeding 46, 49, 51t, 52, 93, 130, 132b, 316, 596
contraindications for 51
counseling guides 46
duration of 46, 48
improves cognition 46
initiation of 63
late preterms 133
optimal duration of exclusive 139
practices 63, 126
rates 124
techniques 47
Breathing 164, 632, 694695
British anti-lewisite 643, 644, 647
Broad-spectrum antibiotics 237, 668
Bronchiectasis 527, 676
Bronchiolitis 324
necrotizing 648
obliterans 261
Bronchitis 260
Bronchoalveolar lavage 317, 320, 472, 478, 521
Bronchodilators 231
Bronchopneumonia 237
eosinophilic 521
Bronchoscope, flexible 676
Bronchoscopy 624
fiberoptic 630
instruments 675
Bronchus intermedius 675
Brucella 220, 246, 247
abortus 246
infection 248, 249
melitensis 246
smooth lipopolysaccharide antigen 248
Brucellosis 246, 246t, 247, 716
specific focalized forms of 250
treatment of 249t
Brugia malayi 13, 521
Brugia timori 13
Bruxism 601
Bubonic plague 714
Budd-Chiari syndrome 532, 533f
management of 534t
Budesonide 549
Buffalopox 308
Bulging eyes 230
Bungarus caeruleus 611
Bunyavirus 663
Burkholderia pseudomallei, gram-negative pathogen 662
Burn 622
contact 622
critical 623
electrical 622
injury 623t
pathogenesis of 623
minor 623
moderate 623
septic shock in 625
superficial 623
wound management 627
Burrow ink test 379
Buruli's ulcer 8, 14, 17, 714
C
Caffeine 634
Calciferol 77
Calcium
channel blockers 634, 635
disodium ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid 643, 644
supplementation 126
Calf muscle tenderness 264
Caliciviruses 220
Calories, amount of 51
Camellia sinensis 652
Campylobacter jejuni 220, 223, 707
infection 540
Candida
albicans 462, 470, 588
infections 154
parapsilosis 462
Candidiasis
chronic mucocutaneous 464, 465
disseminated 471
neonatal 466f
oral 464, 464t
Capillary refill time 123, 667
Capsular opacification, posterior 589
Carbamates 634, 635
pyrethroids 685
Carbamazepine 104, 505, 635, 638
Carbapenems 627
injectable 217
Carbohydrate 97, 139
Carbon dioxide, end-tidal 619
Carbon monoxide 634, 635, 698
poisoning 624
Carboxyhemoglobin 636
Carboxyl 648
Carcinogenesis, hepatic 335
Cardiac arrest 630
Cardiac bypass 630
Cardiac depression 624
Cardiac drugs 633
Cardiac failure 242
congestive 96, 260
Cardiac preload, reduces 616
Cardiocirculatory failure 666
Cardiocirculatory system 668
Cardiomyopathy 618
Cardiovascular disease 35, 96, 104, 275, 483, 690, 691
Cardiovascular system 62, 73, 170
Carnitine 74
Caroli disease 529
Case-fatality rate 253, 254
Caspofungin 471, 472
Cataract, pediatric 589
Catecholamines 624
Cathinones 636
Cefixime 216
fluoroquinolones 716
oral 215
Cefotaxime 121, 216, 235, 237, 244, 265
Ceftriaxone 215217, 235, 237, 244, 265
parenteral 215
Cefuroxime 235
Cell culture vaccines 608
Cellular redox state 97
Cellular systems, integrity of 97
Cellulitis 149, 236, 614, 668
Cementum 598
Center for Disease Control and Prevention 8, 9t, 231, 240, 645
Central nervous system 72, 96, 152, 235, 260, 272, 310, 325, 331, 411, 420, 429, 447, 449, 451, 472474, 544, 575, 585, 601, 616, 633, 639, 643, 645b, 654, 659, 692, 693
disease 664
Central venous pressure 616, 669
Cephalosporins
intravenous 235
third-generation 215, 216, 265
Cerebellar ataxia 214
Cerebellar syndrome 351
Cerebellum 663
Cerebral atrophy 577f
Cerebral cortex 663
Cerebral edema 237, 242
Cerebral infarction 158, 242
Cerebral malaria 393, 400
Cerebral myiasis 387
Cerebral palsy 157, 649
Cerebral venous thrombosis 158
Cerebritis 158
Cerebrospinal fluid 152, 157, 234, 243, 254, 263, 272, 307, 326, 331, 332, 357, 364, 411, 421, 449, 452, 472, 667
examination 217
latex agglutination test 234
Cerebrovascular disease, prevention of 512
Cervical
lymphadenopathy 260
spine injury 619
Chagas disease 6, 8, 14, 17, 682
Chalazion 585, 586
Chandipura virus 357
Chelation therapy 509
Chemical agents 587
Chemical burns 622
Chemical compounds 641
Chemical control 400
Chemical injury 587
Chemical nerve agents 634
Chemical pneumonitis 624
Chemical pollution 641
effects of 641
Chemiluminescence, direct 40, 41
Chemoprophylaxis 228, 244, 245, 299, 479, 706, 707, 713
antimalarial 708t
efficacy of 703
postexposure 265
Chemosis 588
Chemotherapy 275, 443, 591
antimalarial 398
preventive 17
Chest
circumference 170
physiotherapy 371
retraction 324
X-ray 282, 291, 478, 715
Chick embryo cell vaccine, purified 608
Chickenpox 153, 307, 714
Chikungunya 6, 8, 12, 153, 342, 347, 350, 356, 663, 682, 712, 714, 715
fever 662
virus infection 352
Child traveler, returning 717fc
Childhood diseases, burden of 8
Childhood illness, neonatal integrated management of 160
Chlamydia 330, 662
pneumoniae 260
trachomatis 149, 586
Chlamydial infections, chronic 587
Chloral hydrate 636
Chloramphenicol 215217, 274
Chlorhexidine 122
gluconate 607
Chlorinated hydrocarbons 635
Chloroform 635
Chloroquine 392, 633, 708
sensitive areas 707
Chloroxylenol 607
Chlorpheniramine 613
Chlorpromazine 255
Chlorpropamide 639
Cholangiohepatitis 534
Cholangiopancreatography 535
endoscopic retrograde 432
Cholangiopathy, portal 531f
Cholecalciferol 77
Choledochal cyst 529
Cholera 706
vaccine 224
Cholestasis 139
Cholesterol 105
Choline-binding proteins, surface-located 233
Cholinergic 634, 635
Chopra's antimony test 404
Chorea 250
Choreoathetosis 635, 649, 693
Chorioretinitis 153, 156
Chromium, significance of 97
Chromoblastomycosis 467, 468f
Chromosomal defects 506
Chromosomal disorders 505, 506t
Chronic diarrhea 219221, 311
causes of 220t
management 224
noninfectious causes of 221t
Chronic pulmonary
disease 236
infections 524525
Chrysomya bezziana 387
Churg-Strauss syndrome 564, 565
Ciliary dyskinesias, primary 521, 522
Ciprofloxacin 244, 716
Circulation 164, 632
Cirrhosis, focal biliary 523
Cladosporium carrionii 467
Clarithromycin 227, 231, 236, 262, 274, 292, 416
Cleft lip 596
Cleft palate 596
Clevudine 337
Clindamycin 237, 673
Clofazimine 292, 299
Clomerulonephritis, infection-related 543
Clonidine 629, 633, 634
Clonorchiasis 8
Clonorchis 428
sinensis 13, 431, 535
Clostridioides 410
Clostridium
botulinum 220
difficile 220, 223
perfringens 220
tetani 149, 252, 253
Clumsy movements 629
Cobalamin 73, 134
Cocaine 634, 636
overdose of 693
Coccidioides immitis 326
Coccidioidomycosis 475, 476
Cochlear implants 236
Cochliomyia hominivorax 387
Codex alimentarius 57
Coenzyme A 575
Cogan's syndrome 553
Cold extremities 615
Colitis, fulminant 409
Collagen, biosynthesis of 74
Colloid 669
Colonoscopy 410
Colostrum 132
Coma 692
Common cold 321
Communicable diseases 9, 529
Communication 122, 163
Community chemoprophylaxis, large scale 265
Community health
center 26, 175, 185
workers 23, 27, 188
Community participation 28
Complement fixation test 261
Complementary feeding 51
history 63
Complete blood count 121, 150, 214, 264, 314, 404, 625, 629, 715, 718
Complex neuroendocrine interactions 102
Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey 38, 40, 484
Compression 592
Cone beam computed tomography 597
Congenital tuberculosis, Cantwell diagnostic criteria for 150b
Congestion 588
Conjugate vaccine 245, 705
Conjunctiva 226
Conjunctivitis 149, 243, 587
allergic 547, 587
giant papillary 588
Connective tissue disorders 243, 590, 669
Consciousness 632
alteration of 613, 662, 663
loss of 611
Constipation 247
fear of 52
Contact dermatitis 460, 463, 547
Continuous positive airway pressure 123, 164, 172, 176, 619
Continuous renal replacement therapy 669
Contraceptive pill, oral 496
Convulsion, febrile 93
Coombs test 248
direct 125
Copper 96, 134
Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, activity of 96
Cordylobia 389
anthropophaga 387
rodhaini 388
Coronary artery
abnormalities, development of 553
right 556
Coronavirus 321, 662
Corrosive ingestion 535t
management of, acute 536t
Corrosive injury
clinical manifestations of 536t
management of 536t
Corticosteroids 231, 333, 565
inhaled 547
use of 217
Corynebacterium 225
diphtheria 225, 227f, 587
Coryza 260
Costochondral beading 74
Cotrimoxazole 217, 317, 469
preventive therapy, indications of 318t
prophylaxis 70
Cough 390
chronic 646
Counterimmunoelectrophoresis 244
Coxsackie 153
virus 307
Cranial nerve
involvement 248, 250
palsies 253, 421
Cranial neuropathy 214
Craniocervical junction constriction 498
Craniorachischisis 504, 504f
C-reactive protein 39, 150, 273, 554, 667
Creatinine 629, 646, 715
phosphokinase 611
Cricothyroidotomy 676
Crimean-Congo
hemorrhagic fever 304, 662, 682
virus 308
Crohn's disease 220
Crotamiton 381, 382, 386
Crusted scabies 378
Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis 553
Cryotherapy 591
Crypt hyperplasia 220
Cryptococcal-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome 474
Cryptococcosis 412, 473
Cryptococcus neoformans 326, 473
Cryptosporidia 413
Cryptosporidiosis 408, 413, 414f
Cryptosporidium 220, 223, 311, 413, 414, 416, 417, 707, 715
parasites, life cycle of 414f
parvum 413
oocysts 415f
Crystalline penicillin 265
Crystalloid 669
Culex quinquefasciatus 13
Cup feeding technique 47
Cushing's syndrome 105
Cutaneous candidiasis, neonatal 465
Cyanide 632, 634, 635
Cyanosis 230
Cyclophosphamide 565
Cyclopia 596
Cyclospora 715
cayetanensis 220
Cyclosporine 565
Cyclozoonoses 306
Cypermethrin 685
Cysteine 139
Cystic fibrosis 521, 523
transmembrane conductance regulator 523
Cysticercosis 8, 13, 412, 445, 447
Cysticidal drugs 451
contraindications for 452
Cystoid macular edema 592
Cysts, dermal 248
Cytokine
inflammatory 673
mediated cardiac dysfunction 242
mediated injury 667
production 673
release of 242, 671
storm 667
Cytomegalovirus 147, 151, 243, 311, 326, 363, 373, 714, 718
disease 365
infection 312
resistant 320
Cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase 98
D
Daboia russelii 611
Danger signs 63
Dapsone 638
Darrow's fluid, half-strength 66
Deaf mutism 84
Deafness 649
Deaths, global number of 114
Deep vein thrombosis 158
Dehalogenation 80
Dehydration 64, 65, 222
assessment of 65
hypernatremic 124, 133
hyponatremic 694695
management of 66f
severe 66, 222
Delhi Neonatal Infection Study 147
Delirium 213, 629, 692
Deltamethrin 401, 685
Delta-tocopherols 77
Dementia 73
Demyelination 451, 574
Dendrite formation 82
Dengue 342, 343f, 346, 682, 714
Control Programme 686
fever 8, 100, 272, 342, 662
classic 346
undifferentiated 346
hemorrhagic fever 304, 356, 714
development of 344
infection, neonatal 345
serology 716
serotypes 343t
severe 8
shock syndrome 304, 356
virus 153, 342, 663
infections 356
isolation of 347
Dental abscesses 252
Dental caries 597, 597f
treatment of 597, 598t
Dental decay 597, 597f
Dental fluorosis 600, 600f
causes of 600
prevention of 600, 601t
Dental plaque 598
Dental problems 596
Denver development screening test 202, 203
Deoxyribonucleic acid 151, 233, 313, 336, 337, 338, 511, 575
recombinant 298
ribosomal 261
Depression 214
reduces symptoms of 108
respiratory 632
Dermatitis 73
atopic 459, 547, 549
physical signs of symmetric 73
Dermatobia hominis 387, 388f
Dermatophyte
classification of 458t
infections, management of 467t
Dermatophytid 462
Dermatophytosis 458
Dermatoscope 380
Dermatoses, bullous 379
Dermoscopy 379
Desmopressin acetate 514
Dexamethasone 217
intravenous, dose of 324
Dextrose 630
Dharmendra scale 297
Diabetes 275
Diabetes mellitus 236, 238, 368, 566, 570
insulin-dependent 570
malnutrition modulated 570
non-insulin-dependent 570
Diaper rash, candidal 464, 465f
Diarrhea 24, 50, 62, 70, 73, 76, 219, 223t, 663, 693
pathophysiology of 221t
persistent 78, 219, 223, 417
Diarrheal disease 15, 219, 220, 222, 662
acute 223
agents of 305
etiology of 305
group of 222
Diarrheal toxins 220
Diazepam 255
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane 80, 392, 400
use of 685
Diet 222
therapy 106
Dietary goitrogens 81t
Diethyltoluamide 706
Digestive system 73
Digital radiographs 597
Digits, gangrene of 270f, 272
Digoxin 634, 636
Diiodotyrosine 79
Diloxanide furoate 410
Dimercaptosuccinic
acetate 157
acid 563
Diphtheria 225, 231, 257, 705, 714
antitoxin 225, 227, 228
doses of 228t
case-fatality rate of 227
common complications of 226
control of 228
cutaneous 226
infant 256
pertussis-tetanus, course of 228
prevention of 228
tetanus toxoids and whole cell vaccines 256
Diphtheroids 326
Diphyllobothrium latum 445
Diplococcus intracellularis meningitidis 241
Dipylidium caninum 445
Direct agglutination test 405
Direct fluorescent antibody 320
test 231
Dirofilaria immitis antigen 522
Disability adjusted life years 4, 5f, 10t, 20, 41
Disposable delivery kit 189
Disseminated disease 289, 290
Disseminated infection 412
Disseminated intravascular coagulation 123, 151, 214, 236, 260, 346, 356, 394, 614, 615, 666, 671, 690, 692
Disulfides 80
Diuretics 690
Dobutamine 668
Docosahexaenoic acid 48, 131
Donor human milk 130, 134
Doppler ultrasonography 530
Dot enzyme immunoassay 215
Down syndrome 103, 491493, 493f, 589, 590
Doxycycline 249, 262, 274, 292, 707, 708, 716
single dose 265
Dracunculiasis 8, 14, 17
Dracunculus medinensis 3, 14
Drowning 617
risk factors for 617b
victim 620b
Drug
rash 643, 714
rational use of 724, 727
reactions 272
susceptibility testing 234
therapy, quality of 725
withdrawal states 634, 635
Dry cough 212
Dry skin 83f
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 509
Duck embryo vaccine, purified 608
Dysarthria 692
Dyselectrolytemia 62, 68, 618
Dysentery 219, 220, 223t
amebic 721
bacillary 219
Dyslipidemia 104
Dyspepsia 417
Dysphagia 254, 606, 622
Dysplasia
bronchopulmonary 51, 77, 157, 196, 199, 203, 521
chondroectodermal 595
Dyspnea 390, 622
unexplained 676
Dysrhythmias 77
Dystonia, facial 125
E
Earlobe, gangrene of 271f
Ebola
disease, control 360
virus 359, 663
Ecchymosis 390f
Echinacea 654
Echinococcosis 8, 14, 441
Echinococcus
granulosus 14, 326, 441, 442, 445
life cycle of 441f
multilocularis 14, 441
oligarthrus 14
vogeli 14, 441
Echinostoma 430
Echis carinatus 611
Echoviruses 153
Economy class syndrome 721
Ecthyma diphtheriticum 226
Ectoparasites 377
Eczema 588
Edema 220, 273
anticerebral 274
bilateral pitting 71
disappearance of 69
heightens, presence of 61
infantile
acute hemorrhagic 560
hemorrhagic 561f
mild-to-moderate 63
Efavirenz 314, 315
Ehrlichioses 267
Electrocardiogram 226
Electroencephalogram 180
Electrolyte 635, 715
disorders 690691
disturbance 214
imbalances 67
Elek's test 227
Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome 595
Empyema 234
Emtricitabine 337, 368
Encephalitis 353, 592
granulomatous amebic 411
viral 332t
Encephalitis syndrome
microbiological tests in acute 331t
viruses causing acute 326t
Encephaloceles 503504
Encephalomyelitis
acute disseminated 214, 325, 326, 330
catatonic 214
Encephalopathy 123, 351, 615
hypoxic ischemic 93, 123, 163, 175, 204
syndrome 693
Endocarditis 250, 471
Endocrine system 62
Endophthalmitis 213
End-organ dysfunction, treatment of 694695
Endoscopic therapy 531
Endoscopy, flexible 678
Endothelial glycocalyx injury 667
Endotracheal tube 676
Energy drink 222
Energy metabolism, neuroendocrinology of 102
Entamoeba histolytica 219, 220, 223, 408, 410, 707
Entecavir 337
Enterobacter sakazakii 136
Enterobiasis 436
Enterocolitis, necrotizing 51, 77, 93, 126, 132, 155, 157, 197
Enteroviral exanthemas 272
Enterovirus 153, 229, 305, 307
infection 153
Envenomation, severe 613
Environmental pollution 697
Enzyme
disruption of 648
immunoassay 261, 518
test 215
reverse transcriptase 310
sulfite oxidase 97
Enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot 450
technique 449
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 152, 249, 264, 273, 298, 329, 331, 354, 405, 449, 450
Eosinopenia 214, 404
Eosinophilia 387, 715
Epidermal growth factor 50
imbalance 575
Epidermophyton floccosum 460
Epididymitis 243
Epididymo-orchitis 433
Epilepsy 438
Epiphora 589
Epiphyseal dysgenesis 84
Epistaxis 390
Epstein-Barr virus 326, 329, 587, 714, 718
Equine rabies immunoglobulin 607
Eristalis tenax 388
Erythema
infectiosum 307
multiforme 260
recurrences of 365
Erythematous papular lesions 248, 250
Erythematous patches 406
Erythrocyte 404
folate 41
sedimentation rate 64, 273, 404, 522, 554, 667
Erythroderma 714
Erythromycin 227, 231, 265
Escherichia coli 117, 121, 156, 220, 223, 244, 248, 410, 413, 417, 625
enterohemorrhagic 218
enteropathogenic 718
enterotoxigenic 707
pathotypes 707
Esmolol 637
Esophageal candidiasis 311
Ethanol 444, 634636, 638
Ethylene glycol 634, 635, 638
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 718
Euglycemia, maintain 333
Eukaryotic aerobic organisms, group of 457
European League Against Rheumatism 552, 562
European Society of Pediatric Nephrology 552
Exanthem subitum 307
Exhaled nitric oxide, fraction of 521
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 165, 630, 662
Extrahepatic portal venous obstruction 529, 530f, 531f
Extrauterine growth retardation 136, 199
Eye 152
movements, dysconjugate 125
problems 69
Eyebrows 622
Eyelid
infections 585
retraction 125
F
Facial dysmorphism 105
Facial expression, distinctive 254
Facial weakness 611
Failure to thrive 523
Faine's criteria, modified 264
Fannia canicularis 389
Fasciola 428
hepatica 13, 431
life cycle of 431f
Fascioliasis 8
Fasciolopsis buski 430
life cycle of 430f
Fat mass 103
Feeding
initiation of 138
methods 137
obturator, fabrication of 596, 597f
tolerance and progression 138fc
Femoral epiphysis, slipped capital 104
Fetal growth restriction 169
Fever 662, 663
acute 714
arboviral hemorrhagic 373
causes of 713t
enteric 347
hemorrhagic 354, 659
high-grade 297
infections causing 715t
returned travelers with 714
undifferentiated 347
Fibrocalculus pancreatic diabetes 570
Fibrosis, hepatic parenchymal 335
Filariasis 426, 432
Fimbrial proteins 2 229
Fine needle aspiration cytology 286, 468469
First meningococcal conjugate vaccine 245
Fixed-drug combination 457
Flatworms 426
Flavivirus 12, 154, 307, 355, 543, 663
fibricus 306
Flavonoids 80
Flocculation, limits of 228
Fluconazole 411, 412, 471, 472
Flucytosine 412
Fluid
electrolyte balance 97
intercellular 97
management 222, 625
resuscitation 672
Flukes 426
Fluorescent in-situ hybridization 496
Fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption test 298
Fluorescent polarization immunoassay 249
Fluorides 635
Fluoroquinolones 215, 217, 274, 716
Folate
deficiency 37, 41
good dietary sources of 74
Folic acid 74, 188, 194, 601
deficiency 505
Folinic acid 157
Fonsecaea pedrosi 467
Fontanelles, nonclosure of 592
Food
allergy range, symptoms of 54
classification 53
groups, classification of 54t
preparation, traditional methods of 55
ready-to-use 63, 64, 68
safety 87
to-food fortification 53
Food Allergy Herbal Formula-2 550
Food and Drug Administration 338, 386, 648
Food and Drug Association 366
Foodborne
disease 428
infections 246
trematodiasis 8, 9, 13
Footpad culture 297
Foreign bodies
laryngotracheal 675
swallowed 677
tracheobronchial 675
Formogel test 404
Formula 100 feeds, composition of 68t
Foscarnet 365
Francisella tularensis 248
Fresh frozen plasma 614, 673
Frog posture 74
Full blood count 612
Fungal infections 8, 154, 455, 714, 715
classification of 457t
management of superficial 466
superficial 458t, 464t
cutaneous 457
subcutaneous 457
Fungal prophylaxis 471472
Furazolidone 418
G
Gallbladder
disease 104
invasion 212
tissue 415f
Gamma amino butyric acid 253
Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase 432
Ganciclovir 365
Gas chromatography 636
Gasoline 635
Gasterophilus 388
Gastric
acidity, reduce 707
aspirate 282
lavage 637
ulceration 244
Gastrodiscoides 430
Gastroenteritis 217, 220t, 371
acute 544
hemorrhagic 647
Gastroesophageal reflux 138, 140
disease 140, 201, 521
Gastrointestinal disorders 652
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage, severe 677
Gastrointestinal system 62
Gastrointestinal tract 137, 260, 677
perforation of 470
symptoms 221
viruses infecting 305
Gastrostomy tube 205
Gene disorders, single 507
Genetic 103, 499
Genetic counseling 498, 502, 503, 505
Genetic disorders 105, 491, 505, 522
burden of 491
classification of 491, 492t
Genetic hemoglobinopathies 39
GeneXpert 151
Genital ulcers 714
recurrent 565
Genitourinary infections 243
Gentamicin 217
Geosentinel Surveillance Network 703
analysis 712
German measles 307
Gestational age 137, 591
small for 169, 172, 699
Ghrelin 141
Giant cell arteritis 553
Giardia 416, 417, 707, 715
duodenalis 416
lamblia 220, 223, 416f
Giardiasis 408, 416
treat 418t
Gingiva 598
Gingivitis 598
Gingivostomatitis 649
Glasgow coma
scale 619, 620, 666, 693
score 327
Glaucoma 422, 589
pediatric 590
primary congenital 590
Glial cell multiplication 82
Global enteric multicenter study 408, 413
Glomerular filtration rate 62, 666
Glomerulonephritis 213, 248, 250, 260, 543, 545
necrotizing 565
Glomerulosclerosis, focal segmental 545
Glossina 14
Glossitis 73
Glucocorticoids 104, 236
Glucose 241
6 phosphate dehydrogenase 124, 268, 394, 517, 546
deficiency, variants of 517
control 630
disturbance 137
intolerance 471
tolerance
impaired 106
test 497507
Glutamate gamma-aminobutyric acid 381
Glutamic acid
codon 502
decarboxylase 570
Glutathione
peroxidase 96, 268
reductase 268
Glycopeptide resistant 673
Glycosides
cardiac 635
cyanogenic 80
Glycyrrhiza glabra 652
Goiter 83, 83f, 568
endemic 568
rate, total 81, 84
simplified classification of 85t
Goitrin 80
Goitrogens 80
inhibit intrathyroidal oxidation 80
interfere 80
Golden hour, concept of 48
Good healthcare delivery system 724
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 50, 513
Granuloma annulare 461
Granulomatosis 564
eosinophilic 564, 565
Graves’ disease 84
latent 88
Great arteries, D-transposition of 506
Gross motor function classification system 203
Growth charts 105
Growth hormone 495, 566, 567
deficiencies 566
isolated 566, 567
therapy 498
Growth plate, margin of 74
Guillain-Barré syndrome 214, 322, 351, 559
history of 704
Guinea-worm disease 14
Gum bleeding 74
H
H1N1 662
Haemadipsa zelanica 389
Haemophilus influenzae 231, 237, 257, 326, 510, 587, 705
Hallermann-Streiff syndrome 595
Hammersmith infant neurological examination 202
Hand disinfection, alcohol-based 418
Hand rubs, alcohol-based 370
Hand-foot-mouth disease 307
Hansen's disease 294
Hantavirus 354, 662
infection 354
pulmonary syndrome 355
Hartley's media 214
Headache 273
severe 663
Health
extension program 29
extension workers 26
statistics and information systems 9
tourism 719
Healthcare
primary 23
system 724
tourism international accredits 722
Hearing
abnormalities 105
evaluation 201
Heart
disease 4
chronic 238
congenital 506, 506t, 507t
cyanotic congenital 165
malformations, nonsyndromic isolated 507
rate 66
Heat burns 622
Heat cramp 691
Heat edema 691
Heat exhaustion 691, 692t
Heat injury 691
Heat stress 691
Heat syncope 691
Heat-related illnesses, minor 691
Heatstroke 692, 692t
classic 692
exertional 692
Heavy metal poisoning 642
Heimlich maneuver 619, 676
Helicobacter pylori
infection 100
tests 535
Helminthic infections 426
Helminthic infestations 39, 93
Hemagglutinin 304
filamentous 229
Hemarthrosis 75
Hematemesis 390
Hematocrit 172
Hematological disorders 508
Hematopoiesis, extramedullary 509
Hematopoietic stem cell
infection 311
transplantation 509
Hematuria 264, 390, 646
Hemiparesis 421
Hemiplegia 615
Hemodialysis 638
use of 265
Hemodilution 404
Hemoglobin 66, 491, 502, 668
A1C 509
C
disease 500
trait 500
D carriers 500
glycosylated 106, 487
H disease 508
synthesis 96
Hemoglobinuria 394, 618
Hemolysin 253
Hemolysis 615
intravascular 546
Hemolytic uremic syndrome 214, 272, 543, 662
Hemoperfusion 638
Hemophilia 513
Hemoptysis 390
Hemorrhage 404
adrenal 243f
conjunctival 695
fetal 591
intracranial 72, 124
intraventricular 175, 591
pulmonary 123, 559
severe intraventricular 204
subperiosteal 75
Hemorrhagic bullae 558f
Hemorrhagic dengue, severe 10
Hemorrhagic disease 517
Hemorrhagic fever, viral 714
Hendra virus 353
Henipavirus 354
Henoch-Schönlein purpura 243, 272, 552, 557, 557f, 558f, 559, 559t, 560
Hepatic dysfunction 368, 624
Hepatic vena cava syndrome 534
Hepatitis 554
A 220, 305, 709, 714
virus 373
B 257, 305, 335, 337, 385, 709
chronic 335, 336f, 338t, 366
chronic active 367
core antigen 336
envelope antigen 337, 338
infection 372
surface antigen 314, 336338
transmission of 709
vaccine infection, prevention of 154t
B virus 153, 335338, 366, 373
genome, mutations of 336
genotypes 335
infection, diagnosis of 337t
surface antigen 142
C 306, 339
chronic 366
clinical course of 340
modes of transmission of 340b
transmission of 709
viral 373
virus 314, 337, 339, 339f, 340, 373
E 305
virus 373
initial presentation of viral 213
viral 213, 335
virus, enteric 305
Hepatobiliary system 62
Hepatocellular carcinoma, risk of 336
Hepatotoxicity 654
Herbal medicines 651, 652, 652t
coding of 655
recording of 655
toxic effects of 654
Hernia
abdominal 230
congenital diaphragmatic 165, 180
inguinal 200
umbilical 83f, 568
Herpes encephalitis 364
Herpes simplex 714
encephalitis 325, 330332
suppression 364
virus 149, 152, 324, 326, 363, 586, 714
Herpes virus 158
human 326, 329
Herpes zoster 714
hemorrhagic 714
keratoconjunctivitis 587
High-performance liquid chromatography 40, 501, 511
Hilar lymphadenopathy 262
Histoplasma 475
Histoplasmosis 412, 475
Holocrania 503
Home-based newborn care 187, 189, 190
program, monitoring of 192
Hookworm 11, 438
infestation 8, 9, 17
Hordeolum
externum 585, 586
internum 585, 586
Hormone biosynthetic pathway 83
Hormone
corticotropin-releasing 103
deficiencies 567t
Horner-trantas dots 588
Hortaea werneckii 458, 463
Hospital Drug Policies 725
Host cell 267, 268
invasion of 267
Host defense
mechanisms 233
system 247
House dust mites 547
Human african trypanosomiasis 14, 17
Human blood index 688
Human brucellosis 246
Human diploid cell vaccine 608
Human immunodeficiency virus 15, 25, 62, 63, 70, 97, 134, 140, 147, 155, 221, 233, 241, 294, 305, 306, 309, 313fc, 314, 316, 318, 319, 326, 363, 368, 372, 369, 373, 378, 385, 404, 479, 530, 543, 663, 704, 714, 718
associated nephropathy 544, 545
diagnosis of 312
disease 97
infection 4, 96, 154, 313, 317
causes of 309
natural course of 311
prevention 371
and control of 316
protease enzyme 310
staging of 312b
treatment 316
variability 311
Human leukocyte antigen 509
Human metapneumovirus 320
Human milk 50t
banking 141, 142
bioactive component of 49
fortifiers 136, 199, 200
Human papillomavirus 25
Human rabies immunoglobulin 607
Human tetanus
hyperimmunoglobulin 256
immune globulin, administration of 255
Hyaline membrane disease 117
Hyaluronidase 390
Hydatid cyst 442
staging 443t
Hydatid disease 441
Hydrocarbons 698
Hydrocele 433
Hydrocephalus 156, 158, 498, 592
Hydrogen peroxide 259
Hydrophobia 606
Hydroxychloroquine 707, 708
Hydroxyurea 510, 512
Hygroma, cystic 494f
Hymenolepis nana 445
Hyperbilirubinemia 120
Hypercalcemia 77
Hypercalciuria 77
Hypercarotenemia 75
Hypercholesterolemia 96, 139
Hyper-cyanotic blue spell 93
Hypergammaglobulinemia 404
Hyperglycemia 107, 124, 126, 368, 628
insulin 630
Hyperhomocystinemia 574
Hypericum perforatum 654
Hyperimmune antisera, reference of 264
Hyperinflation 324
Hyperkalemia 628
Hyperkeratosis 380, 646
Hyperlipidemia 368
Hypermetropia 494, 495, 584
Hypernatremia 62, 120
Hyperparasitemia 394, 400
Hyperphosphatemia 694, 695
Hyperpigmentation 220
Hyperpyrexia 400
Hyperreflexia 154
Hypersensitivity 260
Hypertension 104, 254, 615, 633, 654
gestational 107
portal 529
Hyperthermia 633, 634, 636
malignant 635
Hyperthyroidism 566
Hypertonia 154
Hypertriglyceridemia 139
Hypoalbuminemia 268, 539
Hypocalcemia 124, 126, 172, 242, 244, 255
Hypoderma 388
Hypoglycemia 48, 64, 65, 68, 117, 126, 133, 172, 176, 242, 393, 400, 629, 632
management of 64f
suspected 630
Hypoglycemic, oral 634
Hypokalemia 62, 242, 244
Hyponatremia 244
Hypoperfusion, system 666
Hypophosphatemia 242
Hypopituitarism 566
causes of 567b
neonatal 566t
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 506
Hypoproteinemia 438, 539
Hypopyon 422
Hyporesponsiveness 245
Hypotension 137, 242, 618, 629, 630, 633, 662, 667
rapid-progressive 671
Hypothermia 64, 65, 117, 120, 163, 172, 618, 629, 630, 633, 634
accidental 628
management of 619
mild 120, 176, 630
moderate 120
neonatal 120
Hypothyroid cretinism 569t
Hypothyroidism 83f, 84, 496, 566, 568, 629
acquired 568
congenital 568
fetal 83
Hypotonia 649
Hypoventilation 255, 613
Hypovitaminosis D
high prevalence of 77
management of 77
Hypovolemia 618, 628
intravascular 667
Hypoxemia 618, 634
drowning-induced 617f
Hypoxia 170
Hypoxic-ischemic injury, perinatal 592
I
Ichthyosis 549, 592
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 272
Imipenem 216, 292
Immune
dysfunction 62
function, impaired 40
mediated disorders 522
reconstitution inflammatory syndrome 315
suppression, degree of 705
thrombocytopenic purpura 515, 516
Immune system 62
complications 494
impaired 62
neonatal 48
regulation 40
Immunity 97
cell-mediated 62, 280, 298
long-term 247
Immunization 200, 713
active 257, 339, 606
high coverage of 225
history of 63, 256, 704
incomplete 712
passive 256, 606
travel-specific 706t
Immunochromatographic test 264
Immunocompromised host 223
Immunocompromised travelers, vaccination for 704
Immunodeficiency, severe combined 477
Immunofluorescence assay 273, 414, 415
Immunoglobulin 50, 233
A 135, 260, 540, 552
vasculitis 557
administration of 608
antitetanus 150
E 260, 378, 434, 547
G 152, 432, 515, 687
M 152, 264, 687
anti-dengue 347
detection of 249
strain-specific 273
Immunomodulatory therapy 337, 579
Immunoperoxidase assay 274
Immunoproliferative small intestinal disease 539, 540
Immunosorbent assays 415
Immunosuppression 418
In situ hybridization 298
In situ polymerase chain reaction 298
In utero transfer 163
In vitro fertilization 722
India Newborn Action Plan 185
Indian Academy of Pediatrics 151, 178, 283, 489
Indian Association of Leprologists Classification 295
Indian Council of Medical Research 76, 188
Indian Public Health System 26f
Indian tick typhus 267
Indirect immunofluorescence 355
assay 405
Infant and young child feeding 99
practices 37, 40t, 62
statistics 46
Infantile tremor syndrome 572, 573f, 576f, 577f
Infection
candidal 464
control 370, 418
diarrheal 96
enteric 24, 470, 471
genital 147
healthcare associated 176
hepatic viral 363, 366
hospital-acquired 160b
neonatal 20, 147
noninvasive 625
prevention of 511
reservoir of 246
severe 666
source of 211
travel-associated 714t
travel-related 716
tropical 662
Infectious diseases 4, 22, 97, 101, 373t
epidemiology of 303
Infectious mononucleosis 272
group 714
Inferior vena cava 532534
stenosis 534f
Influenza 322, 347, 371, 662, 671
A, swine-origin 320
diagnostic tests, rapid 323
seasonal 705
virus 154, 229
surface antigen of 304
Information and communication technology enabled real time monitoring system 44
Infusion pumps 180
Injury
causes of 708
hypothalamic 629
irreversible ischemic 542
Innate cell-mediated immunity 287
Inorganic mercury salts, acute ingestion of 649
Insect bites 718
Insect repellents 706
Insecticide 634
resistant population, monitoring of 685
Insomnia 438
Insulin 634
Integrase inhibitors 314, 367
Integrated Child Development Service 87
Integrated Management of Childhood Illness Program 28, 661
Integrated vector control 681, 682
Integrated vector management 369
Intelligence quotient 83, 131, 173
lower 41
Intensive agricultural technologies 80
Intensive care unit 254, 612, 639, 666
tropical 659
Interleukin-1 233
Interleukin-6 104
International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature for Systemic Vasculitides 553b
International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders 87
International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood 548
Interstitial lung disease 521, 525
classification of 526t
Interstitial pneumonia, nonspecific 526
Intestinal fluke 430, 430f
Intestinal hemorrhage 213
management of 217
Intestinal infestations, control measures of 440
Intracranial pressure 159, 204, 592, 620
management of raised 333
raised 236
Intradermal rabies vaccination 609
Intraocular lens 589
Intrathecal amphotericin 424
Intrathoracic tuberculosis, diagnosis of 282fc
Intrathyroidal iodolactones 88
Intrauterine growth restriction 94, 120, 126, 133, 197
classification of 170t
Intrauterine growth retardation 169, 169b, 170173, 173b, 506
Intravenous fluids
maintenance 332
safe administration of 177
Intravenous immunoglobulin 126, 515, 516, 553, 556, 579, 673
resistance 556
Intubation, endotracheal 255, 256
Invasive disease, causes of 241
Invasive fungal infection 156t, 470, 476
cooperative group 470
Invasive meningococcal disease 240
incidence of 240
Invasive pneumococcal disease 236
Iodide 80, 99, 134
Iodine
content, common foods 80t
daily intake of 80
deficiency 40, 81
environmental 80
health consequences of 81
long-standing 88
maternal 81
mild-to-moderate 81, 86
deficiency disorder 79, 81, 85, 568
current magnitude of 81
etiology of 80
prevention of 86
spectrum of 82t
inorganic 80
intake, risks of excess 88
intrathyroidal metabolism of 79
nutrition 86t
global scorecard of 82f
status
assessment of 84
indicators of 85t
sufficient areas 88
Iodoaldehydes 88
Iodoquinol 410
Iridocyclitis 297
Iron 53, 134, 188, 194
deficiency 39
anemia 15, 41
lowest prevalence of 39
overload monitoring 509
oxidation 96
supplementation 100
transportation of 96
Isoniazid 73, 151, 634
preventive therapy 319
therapy 73
Isopropyl alcohol 635
Isospora 311
Isothermal amplification, loop-mediated 428
Isothiocyanate 80
Itching 588
Itraconazole 412, 469
Ivermectin 381
J
Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakaram 164
Janani Suraksha Yojana 43, 184, 192
Japanese encephalitis 8, 12, 304, 306, 325, 326, 328, 331, 332, 663, 682, 705, 706, 714
Control Programme 686
vaccine 710
virus 357, 663
Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction 265
Jaundice 126, 151, 156, 247, 264, 394, 653
neonatal 73, 117, 124
severe neonatal 124
Jodhpur disease 535
Joint committee on infant hearing 201
K
Kala-azar 402404, 406
treatment in 406
Kala-Azar Control Programme 686
Kangaroo mother care 25, 65, 120, 175, 178, 197
Kan-Kapya disease 270, 271f
Karyorrhexis 646
Katayama syndrome 426
Kawasaki disease 272, 552, 553, 556, 714
atypical 554
classic 554b
incomplete 554
Keratitis 412
amebic 424
dendritic epithelial 364
Keratoconjunctivitis 587
atopic 588
epidemic 587
herpetic 363
Keshan cardiomyopathy 96
Ketoconazole 412, 424, 469
Kidney
damage, direct 541
disease, chronic 541, 543
function test 314
injury
acute 123, 272, 273, 353, 541, 543, 545, 663, 667
disaster-related acute 546
Klebsiella 117, 121, 156158, 625
pneumoniae 662
Klinefelter syndrome 103, 568, 569
Korsakoff psychosis 72
Kushtha roga 294
Kwashiorkor 70
Kyasanur Forest disease 304, 307
L
Lactate
accumulation of 575
dehydrogenase 478, 516
Lactic acidosis 400
Lactobacillus 223
Lactose intolerance 417
acute 222
Lamina propria 212
Laminar flow units 180
Lamivudine 337, 338, 366
Langerhans histiocytosis 451
Laninamivir 323
Larvae, symptoms to 439
Larval ascariasis 438
Larvicides 683
Laryngeal diphtheria 226
Laryngomalacia 624
Laryngoscope, direct 624
Laryngospasm 618
Laryngotracheal obstruction, acute 390
Laryngotracheomalacia 205
Latent disease 697
Latex agglutination 244, 264
test 264
Lead poisoning 642
Leber congenital amaurosis 592
Leech 383
bites 390f
infestations 389
Legionella 662
Legionellosis 478
Leishmania 402, 403, 404, 407
chagasi 405
donovani 402
parasites 12
infantum 402
Leishmanial infection 682
Leishmania-laden macrophages 404
Leishmaniasis 9, 12, 17, 402, 682, 715
cutaneous 402
human 402
Leishmanin skin test 404
Lentil lectin purified glycoprotein 450
Lentivirus 311
genus 309
Lepra reaction 714
Lepromatous leprosy 295297
clinical aspects of 297t
Lepromin test 298
Leprosy 294
indeterminate 296
mid borderline 296
risk of 294
vaccine 299
Leptospira 263, 264
classification of 263
Leptospiral antigens 264
Leptospires, isolation of 265
Leptospirosis 263, 264, 347, 543, 659, 662, 671
anicteric 263
Lethal dyspnea 390
Lethal ovitraps 686
Lethargy 163, 222, 611, 629
Leukemia 589
acute lymphoid 479
childhood 699
mixed-lineage 386
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis 560
Leukocytopenia 264
Leukocytosis 248, 646
Leukoencephalitis, acute hemorrhagic 326
Leukomalacia
cystic periventricular 204
periventricular 198
Leukopenia 244, 404, 646
Levofloxacin 237, 262
L-gulonolactone oxidase 74
Lice, types of 383f, 385
Lichtheimia 474
Lidocaine 634
Life-threatening
catastrophe 269
infection fluoroquinolones 216
Light-emitting diode 151
Limb
hypoplasia of 153
length discrepancy 158
weakness 75
Lindane 381, 382
Linezolid 292
Lip biting 601
Lipid metabolism 104
Lipodystrophy 368
Lipopolysaccharide, smooth 247, 248
Lipoprotein
high low-density 484
high-density 104106, 484, 487
low-density 104106, 487
oxidation of low-density 77
Liposomal amphotericin B 406, 407
Listeria monocytogenes 121, 220, 330
Lithium 80
Liver
abscess, amebic 715
biopsy 340
disease 336, 664
cholestatic 140
chronic 137, 139, 233, 236, 591
dysfunction 632, 663
enzymes 715
fluke 431, 431f
function 105
test 314, 644, 718
related disorders 653
transplantation 534
Llium sativum 654
Local injuries 631
Local tissue 611
Lopinavir 314
Louse
life cycle of 383
neurotoxin 385
Low birth weight 20, 24, 96, 116, 120, 130, 136, 183, 187, 197, 699
extremely 130, 131, 155
Lumbar puncture 150, 399
Lumbosacral meningomyelocele 504f
Luminal myofibroblastic proliferation 554
Lund and Browder chart, modified 626f
Lung
disease
chronic 238
diffuse 525
fluke 428, 429f
function, deterioration of 699
health 527
injury, acute 618
Lymph node 212, 282
Lymphadenitis 288, 613
Lymphadenopathy 151, 227, 247, 273, 404, 611
painful 433
Lymphangitis 433
Lymphatic filariasis 9, 13, 17, 682
Lymphedema 433
Lymphocytes, foci of 212
Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia 312, 478
Lymphocytic leukocytosis 231
Lymphocytosis 404
Lymphogranuloma venereum 587
Lymphohistiocytosis, hemophagocytic 272
Lymphopenia 715
Lymphoproliferative disorders, cutaneous 379
Lyssavirus 306, 605
M
MacConkey agar 214
Macrolide 227, 231
anti-inflammatory actions of 262
therapy, initiation of 231
Macrominerals 97
Macrophage 247, 272, 402
foci of 212
migration inhibitory factor 408
Macules 407
hypopigmented 406
Madura foot 466
Madurella mycetomatis 467
Maduromycosis 466
Magic bullets 93
Magill's forceps 678
Magnesium 49
sulfate 255
Magnetic resonance cholangiogram 531f
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme 44
Major childhood tropical diseases, epidemiology of 10
Malabsorption 78, 107, 417, 592
disorder 74
Malabsorptive diseases 73
Malaria 12, 24, 156, 213, 347, 392, 682, 710, 714, 715
artemisinin-combination treatment for 6
chemoprophylaxis 704
complicated 398
diagnosis of 394
endemic
area 706, 714
regions 707
leishmaniasis 713
management
of complicated 400
of severe 400
prevention of 400
prophylaxis 710, 718
protection against 706
severe 398, 399t
smears 715
treatment
of complicated 398
of severe 398
of uncomplicated 396
regimen of uncomplicated 397
Malassezia 475
furfur 475
species 458
Malathion 381
Malnutrition 15, 24, 73, 598, 629
burden of 193f
chronic 61
determinants of 42, 42f
edematous 61
encompasses undernutrition 35
enteropathy 62
impact of 41
management of 62, 70
severe acute 64t, 71
moderate acute 61
prevalence of 35
severe acute 54, 61, 63, 63b, 64, 66, 69, 712
training center 63
trends of 38f
under-five 42
Malocclusion 599, 599f
classification of 600t
etiology of 600t
risk of 51
Mammalian reservoirs 263
Manji's case 720
Man-made disaster 641
Mansonia 13
annulifera 433
uniformis 433
Maple syrup urine disease 140
Marasmic kwashiorkor 61
Marasmus 61
Marijuana 636
Marsupials 402
Mass drug administration 13, 432
Mass spectrophotometry 636
Masseters, reflex spasms of 254
Mast cell stabilizers 588
Maternal diseases 48
Maternal supplementation 134
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 96
concentration 96
Mean corpuscular volume 96, 577
Measles 16, 307, 373, 714
mumps, and rubella 351
Mebendazole 11, 69, 439
Mechanical ventilation 137, 255, 669
Mechanical ventilatory support 668
Mediastinum 677
Medical tourism 719
carries 721
incidence of 719
legal issues in 719, 721
risks in 721
types of 719
Mediterranean destinations 709
Mefloquine 393, 707, 708
Megaloblastic anemia 74, 515
hematological features of 74
Meibomian cyst 586
Meibomitis 586
Melanocortin-4 receptor 103
Melanoma, malignant 589
Membrane
premature rupture of 149
prolonged rupture of 149
protein, outer 241, 266
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis 543
Mendelian susceptibility 287
Meningeal inflammation 244
Meningeal irritation 264
Meningeal signs 242
Meninges 236
Meningitis 121, 158, 213, 236, 242, 244, 471, 592
aseptic 272, 273
complications of 159b
epidemic meningococcal 240
Meningococcal arthritis 243
Meningococcal conjugate vaccine 245
Meningococcal disease 240, 243, 243f, 244, 705
prevention of 245
primary prevention of 245
serious 242
Meningococcal genes 244
Meningococcal infection 243, 714
Meningococcal meningitis vaccines 709
Meningococcal pericarditis, treatment of 243
Meningococcal pneumonia 243
diagnosis of 243
primary 243
Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine 245
Meningococcal septicemia 671
Meningococcal syndromes 243
Meningococcal vaccines 245, 245t
Meningococcemia 242, 242f, 272, 347, 662
burden of 240
chronic 243
Meningococcus 240242, 244
natural reservoir of 240
serotypes of 240
Meningoencephalitides 663
Meningoencephalitis 248, 250, 260, 273, 274
Menstrual period, last 171
Mental retardation, extremely severe 84
Mental status 625, 633
Mercury 635
intoxication, chronic inorganic 649
poisoning 647, 650b
Merocrania 503
Merozoite surface antigen 687
Mesenteric adenitis 243
Mesobuthus tamulus 615
Metabolic abnormalities 368
Metabolic acidemia 670
Metabolic acidosis 139, 176, 628
unexplained 632
Metabolic derangements 123
Metabolic diseases 220, 589
Metabolic disorders 522
Metabolic syndrome 56, 104
Metabolic system 62
Metabolism, inborn errors of 140, 169
Metagonimus 430
Metalloporphyrins 126
Metastases 451
Metazoonoses 306
Methanol 634, 635, 638
Methemoglobin 636
Methemoglobinemia 634
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 590, 625, 659, 673
Methotrexate 639
Methyl mercury intoxication 649
Methyl salicylates 633
Methylcobalamin 574, 575f
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 578
Metronidazole 217, 255, 412, 418
Miconazole 424
Microalbuminuria 649
Microbiological diagnosis 667
Microcephaly, risk of 707
Microcirculatory failure 666
Microdeletion syndromes 506
Microfilaria 434
Microminerals 92
Micronutrient 67, 75, 93, 97, 134
deficiency 35, 37, 53, 81, 92, 93, 97101
correction of 92
long-term consequences of 101
prevalence of 41t
single 101
deficit, effects of 92
disorder
common 93
global burden of 101
major 92
prevention of 101
targeting 100
treatment of 101
functions of 92
importance of 92
intervention methods 99
malnutrition 92, 93, 101
treatment of 100
powders, use of multiple 99
programs 99
related disorders, prevention of 99
related enzyme activities 98
status 74, 98, 100
assessment of 98
supplementation 43, 100, 101, 126
Microphthalmia 153
Microsporum canis 458
Micturating cystourethrogram 157
Midazolam 255
Mid-day meal 87
Middle lobe bronchus, right 676f
Middle-East respiratory
corona virus 712
syndrome 718
coronavirus 320, 662
Mid-upper arm circumference 61, 69
Migraines 104
Migration, abnormal 436
Migratory myiasis 387
Miliaria rubra 691
Milk
adequacy of 48
based formula, whole 68t
choice of 137
collection of 142
composition of 48
pasteurization of 250
transfer, signs of inadequate 133
Millennium Development Goals 22
Milrinone 668
Miltefosine 407, 411, 412, 424
oral 405
with paromomycin 406
Mimicking appendicitis 289, 677
Minamata disease 649
Mineral 139
deficiency of 61, 107
Minimal enteral feeding 137
Minimal inhibitory concentration 234, 262
Ministry of Tourism 720
Miosis 634
Missing teeth, multiple 596
Mitochondrial dysfunction 368
Mitochondrial enzyme
activity 98
manganese for 98
Mitral valve prolapse 506
Molecular detection 249
Molecular methods 216, 264
Molecular pathology 499
Molecular testing 501
Molecules, inflammatory 624
Monkeypox 714
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors 635
Monocyte 247
Monocytosis 404
Monoiodotyrosine 79
Mononeuritis multiplex 613
Monosodium glutamate 57
Montenegro test 404
Moraxella 587
catarrhalis 237
Morphology 402
Mortality parameters 113t
Mosquito 707
bite, protection against 706
borne arboviral disease 351
density rate 688
transmitted diseases 721
Mother newborn care units 185
Mother's own milk 130
Motile leptospira 263
Motor neuron, lower 554
Mouth 152
Mucocutaneous herpes simplex infection 365
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis 402
Mucopurulent nasal discharge 226
Mucormycosis 474
Mucosal bleed 348
Mucosal infections 236
Multibacillary leprosy 299
Multicenter growth reference study 199
Multicenter Pneumococcal Meningitis Surveillance Study 236
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis 151
Multifocal leukoencephalopathy, progressive 312
Multiorgan dysfunction 647
syndrome 666
Multiorgan failure 664, 666
Multiple births 591
Multiple blood transfusions 591
Multiple carious teeth 596
Multiple drug-resistant
salmonella 217
typhoid fever, epidemiology of 215
Multiple magnets sticking 678
Multiple micronutrient 93
deficiency 99, 100
disorders 101
supplementation 96, 97
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome 242, 624
Multiresistant strains 235
Mumps 589
Munchausen syndrome 635
Murine typhus 267
Murmur, cardiac 247
Musca domestica 389
Muscle
relaxants 634
spasms, generalized 254
Myalgia 75, 212, 273
Mycetoma 466
Mycobacteria
atypical 249
growth indicator tube 151, 286
rapid grower 287
Mycobacterial disease 287
Mycobacterial infection, disseminated 312
Mycobacterium
avium 416
avium complex 317
infection 478
intracellulare 317
leprae 294, 295
tuberculosis 150, 249, 279, 282, 283, 287, 326, 330, 588
Mycophenolate mofetil 560
Mycoplasma 229, 259262, 330, 662
bacteria 259
diagnosis 261
disease, extrapulmonary manifestations of 260t, 262
encephalitis 260
infection 260262, 478
occurrence of 259
pneumoniae 259, 260, 323
respiratory infections, treatment of 262
Mycoses, endemic 475
Mycotic aneurysm 218
Mydriasis 633, 634
Myelination 82, 93
Myelinolysis, extrapontine 124
Myelitis, transverse 214
Myelocystocele 504
Myeloperoxidase 564
Myiasis 383, 387
aural 387, 389
cavitary 387, 388
cutaneous 387
furuncular 387, 388, 388f
gastrointestinal 389
genital 389
oral 388
Myocardial dysfunction 667
primary 615
Myocarditis 213, 228, 243, 260, 272, 322, 351, 353, 471
Myoclonus 634
Myoglobinuria 255, 611, 613, 618
Myopia
evaluation trial, correction of 584
progression 584
treatment of 584
Myositis 322
Myringitis, bullous 260, 261
Myristamidopropyl dimethylamine 424
Myxedematous cretinism 84
N
N-acetyl-3β-d-glucosaminidase 649
Naegleria 411, 420, 422, 423
fowleri 326, 411, 420, 421, 424
trophozoites 421, 423
Nail dystrophy, total 462f
Naja naja 611
Nalidixic acid-sensitive strains 215
Nance-Horan syndrome 589
Naphthalene 635
Napier's aldehyde 404
Nasal diphtheria 226
Nasal foreign bodies 675
majority of 676
Nasal hair, singed 622
Nasal myiasis 387, 389
Nasoalveolar molding 597
Nasogastric 637
suction 217
tube feeding 177
Nasolacrimal duct 589
obstruction, congenital 589
Naso-orbital configuration 84
Nasopharyngeal
aspirate, culture of 231
colonization 234, 236
disease 228
infection 412
probes 629
secretions 244
swabbing 231
Nasopharynx 307
Natal teeth 595
National AIDS Control Organization 140, 141, 154
National AIDS Control Program 312
National Ambulance System 164
National Anti-malaria Control Programme 686
National Anti-Malaria Programme 398
National Centre for Disease Control 264, 265
National Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Programme 75
National Family Health Survey 35, 38, 40, 46, 61, 87, 320
National Filaria Control Programme 686
National Goitre Control Programme 86
National Health Mission 25, 43, 185, 487
National Immunization Programs 229
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease 409, 470
National Institute of Epidemiology 265
National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics 265
National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme 87
National Iron Plus Initiative 93
National Leprosy Eradication Program 299
National Neonatology Forum 183
National Nutrition Mission 43, 43t
targets of 43t
National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau 76
National Prophylaxis Programme 75
National Referral Laboratories 265
National Rural Health Mission 188
National Tuberculosis Control Program, revised 73, 151, 282, 283
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme 392, 406, 686
Natural supplements 651
Natural therapeutic resources 719
Necator americanus 11, 436
Neck veins, engorged 230
Necrosis
acute cortical 542
acute tubular 542, 543, 545
avascular 158
cortical 543, 545
Neisseria 241
gonorrhoeae 149, 241, 586
meningitidis 240, 241, 244, 326, 510, 586
eradication of 244t
Nematodes 437
Neonatal behavioral assessment scale 202
Neonatal critical care 174, 176, 178
Neonatal death 115
causes of 116f
timing of 116
Neonatal intensive care unit 122, 136, 149, 161, 174, 176, 178, 196, 197, 475, 590
Neonatal mortality 113
causes of 114
magnitude of 113
rate 113, 114, 115f, 118, 118t, 147, 174, 183, 187, 188f
early 113
late 113
Neonatal Resuscitation Programs 175
Neonatal Screening Program 527, 528
Neonatal sepsis 24, 117, 121, 147, 156
complications of 156
Neonatal stabilization unit 184
Neonatal unit, special care 174, 189
Neonatology forum 178
Nephritic syndrome 541
Nephritis 272
acute interstitial 543, 545
Nephrotic syndrome 214, 236, 541, 649
Nervous system, peripheral 247
Network of Rural Health Centers 26
Neural tube defect 165, 491, 503
risk factors for 505
Neuraminidase 304
inhibitors 365
Neuritic leprosy 296
Neuritis 592
demyelinating peripheral 227
Neurobrucellosis 249
Neurocysticercosis 447, 449, 451, 453
colloid vesicular stage of 450f
diagnosis of 449t
extraparenchymal 452t
intraventricular 450f
Neurodevelopmental disorders 699
Neuroendocrine tumors 224
Neurogenesis 82
Neuroimaging 449
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome 634, 635, 693
Neuroleptics 635
Neurologic disorders 675
Neurologic disturbances 649
Neurological disorders 80
tropical 572
Neurological sequelae 242
Neurology 494
disease 74
Neuromuscular diseases, hemolytic anemia of prematurity 77
Neuronal migration 82
Neuroparalysis 614
Neuropathy, peripheral 214, 248, 250
Neuropeptide Y synthesis, stimulating 103
Neuropsychiatric
complications 214
disturbances 649
manifestations 248, 250
Neurotoxic 611
snake envenomation 635
Neurotoxin 253
Neurotransmitter biosynthesis 96
Neutropenia 248, 644
Neutrophils 402
activation of 242
Nevirapine 317
prophylaxis 316
Newborn care
facility-based 183, 189
monitoring facility-based 184
unit 184
special 175, 183, 185
Newborn glucose levels 121
Newborn intensive care unit 154, 172
Newborn stabilization units 183
Niacin 55, 73
deficiency, causes of 73
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate 517
Nicotine 634
Nidovirales 359
Night sweats 404
Nipah virus 353, 354
infection 373
Nitazoxanide 415, 418
Nitric oxide, inhaled 165
Nitrogen
dioxide 697
oxide 698
Nitroglycerin, topical 244
Nitroprusside 637
Nits, differential diagnosis of 384t
N-methyl-d-aspartate 326
receptors 364
Nocardiosis 412
Nodular goiter, diffuse 88
Nodular lesion 406
Nodular scabies 378
Nodules 406, 407
erythematous 468f
Nonaccidental trauma 593
Non-Albicans species 470
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 104
Noncirrhotic portal fibrosis 532, 646
Noncommunicable diseases 21, 35, 481, 483, 484f, 484t, 488f
biomarkers of 487t
prevention and control 488t
Noncommunicable endocrinological diseases 566
Noncommunicable respiratory disorders 521
Non-dermatophyte infections, management of 467t
Nonendotoxic lipopolysaccharides block 247
Nonexertional heatstroke 692
Nonexudative pharyngitis, mild 261
Noninfective respiratory diseases 522b
Noninvasive syndromes 473
Nonmeningeal pneumococcal infections 234
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 313, 314, 367
Non-nutritive sucking 137
Nonrebreathing mask 668
Nonspasmogenic toxins 253
Non-Staphylococcus aureus 121
Nonsterile
equipment 256
umbilical cord 252
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
agents 588
drug 352, 511, 544
Nonsuppurative keratitis 422
Nontoxin-producing strain 226
Nontuberculous mycobacteria 286288, 291
infection 286
lymphadenitis 286, 288f
Nontyphoidal salmonella 215, 217, 223
Noonan syndrome 507f
Noradrenaline 668
Normocytic normochromic anemia 404
Norovirus 707
Novy-McNeal-Nicolle medium 405
Nucleic acid
amplification assays 417
amplification test 282, 283
cartridge-based 283, 318
synthesis 303
Nucleoside
and nucleotide analogs 338
reverse transcriptase inhibitors 367
Nucleotide 339
Nummular eczema 460
Nutrient
classification of 53t
deficits 43
rich food, availability of 100
sources 130
Nutrition 137, 139
parenteral 136, 139
sensitive interventions 43
specific interventions target 43
surveillance system 44
total parenteral 72, 96, 139, 179, 536
Nutritional anemia 39
Nutritional deficiency, oral manifestation of 601, 601t
Nutritional disorders 33
Nutritional disturbances 219
Nutritional intake 102
Nutritional rehabilitation center 63
Nutritional requirements 51, 130
Nutritional status 35, 642
monitoring of 141
trends of 35
Nutritional supplementation 220
Nutritional support 224
Nyctalopia 75
Nystagmus 72, 494, 495
O
Obese, treatment of 105
Obesity 98, 102, 103, 104, 104t, 105
and obesity-associated disorders 104
causes of 104f
childhood 699
consequences of 104f
psychological complications of 102
treatment 106
Obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic 353, 485, 521
Obstructive sleep apnea 104
Ocular myiasis 388
Ocular trauma 592
Ointments 651
Oligosaccharides 135
Oliguria 264, 613, 663
Omphalitis 149
Omsk fevers 662
Onchocerciasis 6, 9, 682
Oncotic pressure, reduced 268
Ondansetron-like drugs 223
Onychomycosis 462
Oocyst 415
donation 720
Ophthalmia neonatorum 149, 586
Ophthalmology, tropical childhood 583
Ophthalmomyiasis 387, 388
Ophthalmoplegia 72
Ophthalmoscopy 584
Opiates 634, 636
Opioids 629, 634, 635
Opisthorchiasis 8
Opisthorchis 428
feline 431
viverrini 13, 431
Opisthotonos 125, 254
Opportunistic infections 317
harbinger of 311
Optic atrophy 592
Optic neuropathy, traumatic 593
Optokinetic nystagmus 583
Oral feeding skills maturation 137t
Oral rehydration
salts 130, 188
solution 65, 94, 222
Orbital cellulitis 590
Orchiepididymitis 248, 250
Orchitis 297, 559
Organ
dysfunction 148b, 666
failure assessment 713
sequential 666
transplantation 606
solid 479
Organochlorines 80
Organophosphate 634, 635
poisoning 634
Orientia tsutsugamushi 544
Oropouche 663
Orotracheal myiasis 388
Orthokeratology 584
Orthomyxoviridae 353, 358
Orthoptics 585
Oseltamivir 323, 358, 365
Osteoarthritis, premature 158
Osteoarticular manifestations 247
Osteomyelitis 151, 213, 218, 236, 238, 247, 250, 471, 614
Osteonecrosis 368
Osteopenia 368
of prematurity 198, 199, 201
Osteoporosis 368
Otitis media 151, 238, 253, 260, 699
acute 238
risk of 699
Otoacoustic emission 198
Otomyiasis 389
Otorrhagia 390
Otorrhea 223
Otoscopy 678
Overhydration 67
Overweight
prevalence of 36
treatment of 105
Oxidative damage 96
Oxidative metabolism, alteration of 575
Oxygen
higher extraction of 667
requirements 123, 237
saturation 164
species, reactive 97
tension, low 212
therapy, safe 177
Oxygenation 163, 164
Oysters 430
P
Packed cell volume 346, 400, 672
Palamnaeus swammerdami 615
Palmitic acid 48
Palpable purpura 269f, 557f
Palpebral edema 438
Palpebral myiasis 388
Pancreatic disease 224
Pancreatic duct, main 538
Pancreatitis 538f, 554, 615
tropical calcific 538
Pancreatobiliary diseases 529
Pancytopenia 248, 404
Pantothenic acid 73
Papilledema 592
Papules 406, 407
Paracentesis, large-volume 533534
Paracetamol 634, 636
Paracoccidioidomycosis 475, 476
Paradichlorobenzene 635
Paragonimiasis 8
Paragonimus spp 428, 429
flatworms of 429f
Parainfluenza 662
virus 229, 321, 324
Paramyxoviridae 354
Paranasal sinus 390
Paranasal sinusitis 590
Parapneumonic effusions, frequency of 237
Parasite lactate dehydrogenase 395
Parasitic blepharitis 586
Parasitic infection 156, 375, 715
Paratyphi
A 215
B 215
Paratyphoid 713, 721
Parechoviruses 153
Parenchymal infection 324
Parenchymal neurocysticercosis form 452t
Parenteral antibiotics 216
completion of 69
Parent-to-child transmission, prevention of 155
Parkinsonism 635
Paromomycin 406, 410, 415, 418
injectable 406
Paronychia, chronic 465
Parvoviral infection 272
Parvovirus 243, 714
B19 153
Patchy alopecia 459f
Patent ductus
arteriosus 139, 157, 197
artery 506
Patient's dry weight 625
Paucibacillary leprosy 299
Pectoral girdles 649
Pediatric advanced life support 637
Pediatric critical care 664
medicine, development of 660
setting of 664
Pediatric dentist, role of 596
Pediatric dentistry 595
role of 601
Pediatric diseases, history of tropical 3
Pediatric intensive care certificate 661
Pediatric intensive care unit 66, 67, 620, 625, 659, 666
Pediatric Rheumatology European Society 552, 562
Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization 552
Pediculosis 383
capitis, treatment for 386t
humanus var capitis 384
Pediculus 586
capitis 383
humanis 383, 384
Pelvic
girdles 649
organ myiasis 389
Penciclovir 363
Penicillamine 643
Penicillin
binding proteins 235
G, intravenous 673
intermediate resistance 235
nonsusceptibility 235
sensitive meningococcemia 244
Pentamidine isethionate 412
Pentavalent vaccine 257
Peptidoglycan layer 267
Peramivir 323
Perennial allergic rhinitis 547, 548
Perianal rash 219
Peribronchial interstitial infiltrates 261
Pericardial effusions develop late 243
Pericardial fluid 243
Pericarditis 213, 243, 260, 272, 322, 351
Pericoronitis, acute 599
Perinatal mortality 115
rate 113
Perinatal transmission 336
Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges 330
Periodontal disease 598, 598f
necrotizing 599
treatment of 599t
Periodontal ligaments 598
Periodontitis 598
aggressive 598
Perivascular interstitial infiltrates 261
Permethrin 380382, 401, 685
Persistent complement deficiencies 241
Personal protection 400
Personal protective equipment 371
use of 370
Pertactin 229
Perthes disease 97
Pertussis 229
symptoms of 231
toxin 229
Petechial rash 269f
Petroleum distillate 635
Peyer's patches 212, 213
Phaeoannellomyces 463
Phakomatoses 590
Pharmacologic therapy 224
Pharmacovigilance 727
Pharyngeal diphtheria 226
Pharyngeal muscles, reflex spasm of 254
Pharyngitis, mild-to-moderate 226
Pharyngo-tonsillar disease 227
Phencyclidines 636
Phenobarbitone 126, 638
Phenol derivatives 80
Phenolic compounds 80
Phenothiazine 633, 634
Phenoxybenzamine 631
Phentolamine 637
Phenylketonuria 97, 140
Phenytoin 635, 636
Phialophora verrucosa 467
Phlebotomus 402, 403
argentipes 12, 403
species 402
Phlebotomy 381
Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis 588
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, activation of 268
Phosphorus 49, 635
inorganic 201
Phosphoryl 648
Photocoagulation, focal laser 591
Photophobia 242, 606, 649
Phototherapy units 180
Phrenic nerve 227
Phthalate esters 80
Phthirus 586
pubis 385
Physical activity 102, 106
promote 107
Physical stamina 93
Physician prescription behavior 726
Picornaviridae 307, 308
Piedraia hortae 458, 463, 464
Pierre-Robin syndrome 595
Pilocarpine 634
Pink disease 649
Pink macular salmon rash 242
Pinworm 436
Piophila casei 389
Piperacillin-tazobactam 627
Pirenzepine 584
Pituitary diseases, prevalence of 566
Pituitary hormone deficiency, multiple 566, 567
Pityriasis
alba 549
rosea 460
Pityrosporum orbiculare 463
Placobdella ornata 389
Plant poisoning 651
Plaques 406, 407
Plasma
glucose, fasting 105
lactate 668, 669
leptin levels 103
Plasmapheresis 244
Plasmodium 395
falciparum 12, 326, 392, 398, 663, 715, 716
infection 542543
malaria, treatment of uncomplicated 397b, 398
knowlesi 543
malariae infection 543
ovale 543
parasites 12
vivax 12, 392, 393, 543, 715
malaria, treatment of 397
Platelet
activating factor 234
count 668
disorders 243
Platyhelminthes 426
Pleocytosis 272
Pleomorphic bacillus 225
Pleura 630
Pleural fluid 235, 243
polymerase chain reaction 237
Pneumatocele 237
Pneumococcal antigen detection 234
Pneumococcal bacterial meningitis 235
Pneumococcal cell surface 235
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 235
Pneumococcal disease 233, 705
Pneumococcal histidine triad 233
Pneumococcal meningitis 234
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 236
Pneumocystis 477, 478
carinii 477
pneumonia 311, 317, 318
jirovecii 477
pneumonia 663
pneumonia 477, 478f
prophylaxis in 479
severity of 478t
treatment of 479t
species 477
infection 477
Pneumomediastinum 677
Pneumonia 15, 24, 46, 62, 131, 153, 157, 213, 236, 237, 261t, 324, 668
acute interstitial 526
atypical 259
chronic 476
community-acquired 259, 273
necrotizing 237, 261
ventilator-associated 157
viral 261
Pneumonitis, interstitial 324, 648
Pneumothorax 237
Poecilia reticulata 686
Point-of-care assays, rapid 249
Poisoning
pediatric 638t
unknown 632
Polio 705, 709
Poliomyelitis 705
Poliovirus 305, 706
Polyangiitis 564, 565
microscopic 564, 565
Polyaromatic hydrocarbons 698
Polyarteritis nodosa 552, 553, 562, 562b, 563f, 564f
cutaneous 563
Polyarthralgia, migrating 297
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 80
Polycystic ovarian syndrome 104, 106, 173
Polycythemia 126, 172
Polydipsia 570
Polyethylene 134
Polyhexamethylene biguanide 424
Polyhydroxyphenols 80
Polymerase 335
Polymerase chain reaction 151, 216, 249, 261, 310, 320, 347, 351, 396, 405, 410, 423, 428, 478, 671, 716, 718
positive 243
real time 353
reverse transcriptase 154
Polymorphic light eruption 461
Polymorphonuclear pleocytosis 272
Polymyositis 214
Polypeptide, release of 82
Polyphagia 570
Polyphenols 80
Polypropylene 134
Polyradiculitis 260
Polysaccharide
capsular 241
vaccine 245
Polysomnography detecting central hypopnea 498
Polyunsaturated fatty acid 48
long-chain 47, 135
Polyuria 570
Ponderal index 170
Poshan Abhiyaan 43
Positive-pressure ventilation 165
Postanoxic injury 635
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis 405, 406
diagnosis of 406
treatment of 407
Postmenstrual age 196, 199, 201
Postscabies pruritis 379
Post-trauma stress disorder 627
Post-treatment complications 721
Potassium 635
hydroxide 379, 459
microscopic examination of 473
Potential vaccine candidates 233
Potentially toxic elements 92
Pott's spine 283
Prader-Willi syndrome 103
Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana 43
Praziquantel 12, 428, 430
Prazosin 616, 631
Prealbumin 141
Prebiotics, role of 223
Predeciduous teeth 595
Prednisone therapy 157
Prehospital
management 630
resuscitation 618
treatment 691692
Pre-intervention pediatric end-stage liver disease 534
Premenstrual age 200
Premorbid diet assessment 63
Prescribers decide 726
Prescription 724
quality indicators 725
Preseptal cellulitis 590
Preterm birth 24
Preterm infant 204
behavior, assessment of 202
Pretransport stabilization 123
Primaquine 708
Primary Health Center 175, 184, 185, 406
Probiotics 126
Procalcitonin 150
Produce disease 234
Proinflammatory cytokines 77, 242
Prokaryotic cells, small 259
Promastigote 402
Prophylaxis 200, 705
postexposure 231, 317, 606, 607t, 608, 609, 609t, 709
role of 275
post-exposure 369
pre-exposure 369, 609
Propranolol 634
Prostaglandin E1 165
Protease inhibitors 314, 367
Protein
bound iodide 96
C, use of recombinant-activated 673
deficiency 99
deficient diabetes mellitus 570
energy malnutrition 96, 573, 588
histidine-rich 395
viral 339
Proteinuria 264, 646
Proteus 326
mirabilis 267
vulgaris 267, 273
Prothrombin 78
complex concentrates 514
Protocolized treatment 660
Proton pump inhibitors 536
Protozoal infections 375, 707
Protozoan infections 392
Pseudallescheria boydii 467
Pseudo-Bartter syndrome 523
Pseudolymphoma, follicular 390
Pseudomembrane formation 227
Pseudomonas 326, 586, 625, 627
aeruginosa 627
infection 523, 524
Pseudo-nontuberculous mycobacterial infections 292
Pseudoparalysis 74
Pseudopodia 421
Psoriasis 384
Psychiatric condition 704
Psychomotor retardation 96
Pthirus pubis 383
Puberty disorders 566
Pubic lice 385, 387
Public distribution system 44, 87
Public health crisis 697
Pulmonary edema 394, 615, 648
Pulmonary embolus 721
Pulmonary eosinophilia, tropical 434, 521
Pulmonary hypertension 165, 203
persistent 123, 172
Pulmonary infection 471
Pulmonary microcirculation, involvement of 272
Pulmonary stenosis 507
peripheral 507
Pulmonary vasoconstriction 618
Pulse oximetry 669
Pulseless electrical activity 629, 630
Purpura 248
fulminans 242f, 243, 272
Pustules, multiple 466f
Pustulosis 149
Pyelonephritis 213
Pyrantel pamoate 439
Pyrethrin 386
Pyrethroid 386
Pyrexia of unknown origin 272
Pyridines 80
Pyridoxine 73, 134
Pyrimethamine 74, 157
Pyruvate
decarboxylase 97
dehydrogenase 645
Pyuria 646
Q
Q fever 268, 273
Quadrivalent 709
Quarantine 369
Quellung reaction 233
Quinacrine 418
Quinine 638
R
Rabies 13, 254, 306, 706, 709
immunoglobulin 606, 607
in animals, signs of 605
infection, problems of 605
monoclonal antibody 606, 608
paralytic type of 606t
safety of pretravel vaccination against 709
Radiant warmers 180
Radiation therapy 591
Radioimmunoassay 264, 298
Randomized controlled trial 202, 363
Rash 714
absence of 275
Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram 201
Reaction, prediction of 613
Red blood cell 73, 394, 510, 542, 642, 668
Red cell distribution width 96
Reflex laryngospasm 676
Regional lymphadenopathy 270
Regurgitation 140
Rehabilitation 627
Rehydration solution 65, 66t
Relapse 406
Renal compromise 624
Renal disease 541
chronic 236
clinical spectrum of 541
end-stage 543
etiology of 542
risk factors for 541
Renal dysfunction 649
Renal failure 214, 272, 394, 664, 672
Renal function tests 244
Renal injury 545t
causes of 542t
mechanisms of 541
Renal insufficiency 693
Renal replacement therapy 546, 672
Renal syndrome 354
Renal system 62
Renal underperfusion 667
Reproductive tourists 720
Reserpine 634
Respiratory diseases
chronic 35, 483
highly infectious 229
Respiratory disorders, treatment of noninfective 527
Respiratory distress 393, 400, 662
syndrome 137, 165, 175, 186, 591
acute 242, 272, 353, 478, 624, 639, 662
toxin, bacteria community-acquired 259
Respiratory failure, hypoxemic 165
Respiratory hygiene 370
Respiratory infection
acute 94, 698
associated hospitalization 50
lower 76
viral 320
Respiratory issues 620
Respiratory rate 66
Respiratory secretions 240
Respiratory support 619
Respiratory syncytial virus 154, 200, 229, 261, 304, 320, 326, 366, 371, 659, 662
bronchiolitis 366
Respiratory syndrome
coronavirus, severe acute 320, 359
severe acute 371, 372, 662
Respiratory tract
diseases 259
infection 65, 321, 320, 321fc
lower 321, 652
Respiratory variations 634
Respiratory viral
infections 233, 363, 365, 371
pathogens, precautions for 372t
syndrome 369
Respiratory viruses, characteristics of 304
Resuscitation
cardiopulmonary 371, 618, 620, 631, 662
duration of 619
equipment 661
Reticuloendothelial cells 212
Reticuloendothelial system 247
Reticulonodular opacification 261
Retinitis 152
pigmentosa 591
Retinoblastoma 589, 591
higher risk of 699
Retinol-binding protein 141, 649
Retinopathy of prematurity 51, 93, 127, 172, 177, 197, 200, 201, 590
Retrocollis, spontaneous 125
Retrosternal pain 677
Retroviridae 309
Reye syndrome 322
Rhabdomyolysis 611
Rhabdoviridae 308, 357, 605
Rheumatic chorea 572, 579
Rheumatic fever 260
Rhinoconjunctivitis 588
Rhinosinusitis, acute bacterial 237
Rhinosporidiosis 468
Rhinosporidium seeberi 468, 469
Rhinovirus 154, 320
infection 261
Rhonchi, expiratory 622
Riboflavin 55, 73, 134, 601
deficiency 73
mushrooms prevents 73
Ribonucleic acid 151, 298, 340, 605
ribosomal 262
virus 353
Rickettsia 249, 266, 267, 326
cytoplasm of 267
infection 682, 714
prowazekii 268, 326, 385
typhus group of 266
viability of 267
Rickettsial diseases 272
Rickettsial fever 268, 269
pathogenesis of 268fc
types of 269
Rickettsial infection 209, 266, 267, 269, 270, 271t, 272, 273, 275, 544
classification of 267t
diagnosis of 273
pathogenesis of 267, 268
severe 714
Rickettsial meningoencephalitis 272
Rickettsial phospholipase A2 activity 268
Rickettsial pox 267, 273, 714
Rickettsiosis 347
Ridley scale 297
Rifabutin 416
Rifampicin 244, 274, 286, 299, 299t, 634
resistant leprosy 299
single-dose 299
Rifampin 411, 424
oral 424
Rift valley fever 682, 714
Rigid endoscopy 678
Rimantadine 358
Ringer's lactate 222, 625
Risus sardonicus 254
Ritonavir 314
River blindness 6, 682
Rocky mountain spotted fever 267, 273, 671
Rod-cone dystrophies 591
Rose Bengal test 248
Roseola infantum 307
Rosy cheeks 629
Rotaviral infection 663
Rotavirus 220, 326, 663, 707
route of transmission of 305
vaccination 224
Rotten eggs 635
Roundworm 212, 426, 438
Rubella 151, 307, 589, 714
syndrome surveillance, congenital 152b
Rubeola 307
Russell's viper 611
Ryle's tube 138
S
Saccharomyces boulardii 223
Sacroiliitis 247, 250
S-adenosylhomocysteine 574, 575
S-adenosylmethionine 574, 575
Salicylate 634636, 638, 639, 693
Salicylic acid 381
Salmonella 211, 214, 410, 707
culture 215
infection 216, 217
primary source of 211
paratyphi 215, 715
period of 211
typhi 211, 212, 515, 715
Salmonellosis 659
Sappinia 411, 420
Saprozoonoses 306
Scabies 377
classic 377
mite 377
life cycle 377
pharmacotherapy in 380
treatment of 380b
Scalds 622
Scarlet fever 671
Scarring alopecia 460f
Schistosoma 11, 426, 522
flatworms of 427f
haematobium 426
species 426, 428
Schistosomia 326
Schistosomiasis 11, 212, 426, 682, 713
acute 426
chronic 427, 427t
Scleritis 422
Sclerosing cholangitis 444
Scorpion
antivenom 616
sting 545, 615
grading of 615
Scrotum, necrosis of 271f
Scrub typhus 267, 273, 714
Scurvy
line 74
musculoskeletal manifestations of 75
Seafood poisoning 635
Seborrheic
blepharitis 586
dermatitis 384, 459, 461
Secretory tumors 220
Sedative 675
hypnotics 634, 635
Seeking medical attention 660
Seizure 154, 214, 254, 351, 498, 632, 634, 649
disorder 704
febrile 351
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 690
Selenium 96
exposure, long-term 96
Self-medication practice 726
Sensitive periods 105
Sensorimotor neuropathy 646
Sensorineural hearing loss 151
Sensorium 629
Sensory stimulation 68
Sepsis 120, 148b, 591, 625, 662, 666, 693
early-onset 147, 149, 149t
late-onset 51, 132, 147, 149t, 150, 161, 176
meningitis 236
severe 148b, 666
syndrome 474
viral 308
Septic arthritis 213, 238
Septic pulmonary emboli 158
Septic shock 148b, 158, 265, 666
management of 668
monitoring 669
recognizing 668
refractory 666
Septic tissue dysfunction directly 667
Septicemia 394, 614
viral 308
Septo-optic dysplasia 566
Seroconversion 265, 714
Serodiagnosis 405
Serologic tests 215
multiple 273
Serology 396, 410, 415, 423, 443
Serotonin syndrome 635, 654
Serotypes, multidrug-resistant 237
Serovar icterohemorrhagiae 263
Serum
agglutination test 248
alanine aminotransferase 340
albumin 125
alkaline phosphatase 94
bilirubin, total 125
blood urea nitrogen 629
creatinine 668
electrolytes 629
ferritin 41
low 39
glucose, rapid 629
glutamic
oxaloacetic transaminase 347
pyruvic transaminase 213, 347, 666
quantitative levels 636t
retinol 41
concentration 40
sickness type reactions, late 613
thyrotropin 569
urea 715
Sex practices, safe 710
Sexually transmitted infections 385, 709
Shasthya Shebika Program 27
Shigella spp. 218220, 410, 707
Shock 123, 345, 394, 662
classical hypovolemic 667
hemorrhagic 693
hypotensive 630
typical maldistributive 667
Short bowel syndrome 135, 140
Short stature 84, 495
Short-acting beta-2 agonists 549
Sickle cell
anemia 233
disease 39, 213, 238, 260, 491, 502, 510
complications of 511t
Sigmoidoscopy 410
Sinonasal disease, invasive 472, 473
Sinopulmonary disease, chronic 523
Sinusitis 237, 260
Skin 152, 291
biopsy capabilities 380
changes 634
flushed 629
gangrenous rash over 270f
infections 65
lesions 70, 558f
manifestations 213, 248
scarring of 153
to-skin contact 48
ulcer 714
ulcerations, chronic 226, 252
underperfusion 667
Sleep
apnea 106
behaviors 107
disorders 521
disturbances 230
Slit-skin smear 407
Snails 430
Snake
antivenom 611
envenomation 545
Snakebite 611
management 613t
plan 612fc
Snsitivity skin tests, local 257
Society for International Healthcare Accreditation 722
Socioeconomic status 63, 241
Sodium
iodide symporter 79
stibogluconate 405, 407
Soft-tissue infections 291
Soil-transmitted
helminthiasis 10, 11, 17, 92
helminths 436
life cycle of 437t
Solitary cysticercus granuloma 447
Sotos syndrome 596
Spasmodic ballismus 649
Spasms 254
generalized 254
Spastic diplegia 84
Spatula test 254
Spectrum antifungal agents 668
Spina bifida 504
Spinal stenosis 498
Splenectomy 236, 510
Splenic dysfunction 238
Splenohepatomegaly 212, 213
Spondylitis 247, 250
Spoon-feeding 52
Spore-forming organism 253
Sporothrix schenckii 468
Sporotrichosis 468, 468f
Spotted fever 266
group 267
Sputum analysis 64
Squint 84
Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome 672t, 673t
Staphylococcus 383, 585, 590, 627
aureus 149, 220, 243, 322, 379, 388, 465, 549, 586, 625, 671
toxin-producing strains of 671
epidermidis 326
Starting antiretroviral treatment 314b
State-of-the-art technologies 720
Status epilepticus 693
Stemphylium lanuginosum 523
Stenosis, congenital
hypertrophic pyloric 535
subglottic 205
Sterile insect technique 687
Steroids 453
antenatal 127, 175
role of 669
Stevens-Johnson syndrome 248, 250, 260, 634
Sticky ovitraps 686
Stomach 630
Stool microscopy 409, 414, 417
Strabismic amblyopia 585
Strabismus 585
Streptococcal enterotoxins 671
Streptococcus 379, 383, 384, 388, 585, 590
pneumoniae 233, 234, 236238, 243, 322, 326, 510, 586, 662
pyogenes 671
Streptomyces 467
Stroke, arterial 158
Strongyloides stercoralis 439
Strongyloidiasis 439
Strychnine 255, 635
Subarachnoid 448
Subcapsular cataract, posterior 592
Subconjunctival bleeds 230
Subcortical cysts 491
Subcutaneous mycoses 466
Subcutaneous zygomycosis 469
Submandibular lymphadenopathy 587
Sudden infant death syndrome 202
reduction of 50
Sugar-sweetened beverages 106, 107
avoidance of 106
Sulfadiazine 157
Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine 393
Sulfamethoxazole 215, 216, 231, 478, 479
Sulfhemoglobinemia 634
Sulfhydryl 648
Sulfisoxazole, intravenous 424
Sulfonamides 275
Sulfonylureas 633
Sunken eyes 222
Superantigen genes, detection of 671
Superoxide dismutase enzymes 97
Supraventricular tachycardia 635
Surgery 443
Sustainable development goals 22, 113, 118, 486
Swachh Bharat Mission 44
Swelling
capsular 233
extremity 75
Swine influenza virus 353
Sydenham's chorea 579, 580f
Sylvian fissure 577f
Sympathetic nervous system 48
Sympatholytics 634
Sympathomimetics 634, 635
Synaptogenesis 82
Syncopal attacks 230
Synovial fluid 243
Synthetic opioids 636
Syphilis 385, 589, 714
Systemic aspergillosis 472
Systemic candidiasis 470
Systemic fungal
agents 464t
infection 470
opportunistic 470
Systemic hypertension 203
Systemic hypoperfusion, laboratory evidence of 667
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 624, 666
Systemic lupus erythematosus 326
Systemic mycoses 470, 476
Systolic blood pressure 639
T
Tachycardia 323, 615, 633, 634, 666, 667
ventricular 635
Tachypnea 324, 622, 633, 634, 666
Tachypneic hypoxic child 667
Taenia
asiatica 13, 445
saginata 13, 445
solium 13, 436, 445
life cycle of 447
Taeniasis 13, 439, 445, 446
Tafenoquine 708
Takayasu arteritis 552, 553, 560
Tapeworm 13, 439, 445
structure of 446f
T-cell
nonconventional 671
populations 672
receptor 671
Teeth
congenital 595
fetal 595
impacted 596
neonatal 595
supernumerary 596
Television Network Regulation Act 57
Tellurite culture medium 227
Tenofovir 314, 337
disoproxil 337
fumarate 338
Tension, intracranial 449
Teratogens 507
Terbinafine 469
Tetanic seizures 254
Tetanolysin 253
Tetanospasmin 253
Tetanus 252, 257
antitoxin, bovine derived 255
bacilli, active toxin-producing 253
cephalic 253
disease 253
generalized 253255
infection, characteristic of 253
localized 253, 255
maternal 252
mortality, reduced neonatal 252
neonatal 150, 252254
non-neonatal 253
prophylaxis 256t
types of 256
toxin 254
neutralization of 255
toxoid 252
injection 607
Tetanus-diphtheria
acellular pertussis 228, 230, 257
combination 257
Tetracycline 274
Tetrahydrofolate 574, 575
Tetralogy of Fallot 506
Thalassemia 39, 233, 500f, 508
intermedia 500, 500f
nontransfusion dependent 509
Thallium 635
Theophylline 633, 634, 636, 638
Therapeutic cooling devices 180
Therapeutic food, ready-to-use 43, 53, 70
Thermoregulation, physiological difference of 690
Thiamine 55, 72, 134, 601
Thiocyanate 80
Thionamides 80
Thiourea 80
Thoracic compression, rapid 528
Thorny-headed worms 426
Threadworm 436
Throat swab 320
Thrombocytopenia 152, 156, 244, 248, 260, 264, 274, 345, 403, 404, 542, 611, 628, 646, 662, 663
Thromboplastin time, activated partial 345, 513
Thrombosis 124, 721
Thrombotic microangiopathy 543, 545
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 272, 662
Thyroglobulin 79, 86
Thyroid
diseases 79
dysgenesis 568
dyshormonogenesis, familial 568
function 497
gland 79, 84
hormone 79, 82, 84, 635
deficiency 83
elevated blood level of 84
synthesis of 80, 81
peroxidase 79
stimulating hormone 79, 81, 85, 86, 96, 509
ultrasonography 84
Thyroiditis
autoimmune 568, 569
chronic lymphocytic 568, 569
Thyrotoxicosis 88
Thyroxine 79
Tibia vara 104
Tick 272
bite 272
borne encephalitis 705
paralysis 635
typhus 714
Tinea
barbae 460
capitis 458, 466t
grey patch type 459f
inflammatory 459
pathogenesis of 459b
corporis 459, 460f, 461f
cruris 460, 461f
faciei 461, 462f
imbricata 462
incognito 462, 463f
infections 458
manuum 461
nigra 463
pedis 460, 461f
type of 461f
unguium 462
versicolor 463
Tinidazole 418
Tissue
dysfunction 666
plasminogen activator 244
underperfusion 670
Togaviridae 356
Tongue, swollen 84
Tonsillar diphtheria 226, 226f
Tonsillar hypertrophy 624
Tonsillopharyngitis 227
Total leucocyte count 501
Toxic
agents 634t
alcohols 633
epidermal necrolysis 260, 634
granules 150
overdose 693
proteins, removal of 62
Toxic shock syndrome 671, 672t, 714
diagnosis of 672
Toxicity 636t
cardiovascular 654
methods to reduce 655
of arsenic, mechanisms of 645b
subacute 646
Toxicokinetics 653
Toxicology screen 635
Toxidrome 634t
Toxins 545
Toxoplasma gondii 156, 326, 330
Toxoplasmosis 156, 197, 412, 451
congenital 157b
Trace elements, essential 92
Tracheaesophageal fistula 180, 205, 537, 537f, 538
acquired 677f
Tracheostomy 256
Trachoma 8, 9, 587
inclusion conjunctivitis 586
Traffic-related
accidents 708
air pollution 699
Transferrin 141
Transfusion therapy 509
Transient ischemic attacks 248, 250
Transmit infectious diseases 681
Transplacental infections 247
Transport incubator 165
Transportation, modes of 122, 164
Transpupillary thermotherapy 591
Trauma 598
accidental 593
screening 619
Traveler's diarrhea 219, 707, 714
Traveler's individual risk 704
Traveler's education 710
Trematodes 426
Tremor 634, 649, 693
Trench fever 267
Treponema pallidum 13
Triatomine bugs 682
Tricarboxylic acid 575
Trichinella 522
spiralis 220
Trichophyton
species 458, 462
tonsurans 458
Trichosporon 458
beigelii 463464
Trichotillomania 459
Trichuriasis 8, 9, 17, 437
Trichuris trichiura 436, 437
Triclabendazole 430
Tricuspid atresia 560, 561
Trifluridine 363
Triglycerides, medium-chain 139, 140, 539
Triiodothyronine 79
Trimethoprim 215, 216, 231, 479
sulfamethoxazole 412, 424
Trismus 254
Trophozoite 408, 409, 412, 424
Tropical diseases 8, 9, 303
burden of 8
major neglected 9t, 11t
neglected 3, 5, 6b, 8, 20, 436
portfolio of 8
Tropical sprue 220, 538, 539
Tropicamide 584
Trypanosoma
brucei 14, 326
cruzi 14
infection 714
Trypanosomatidae 402
Tubercular bacterial meningitis 566
Tubercular meningitis 283
Tuberculin skin test 288
Tuberculoid 297
leprosy 296
borderline 296, 297
clinical aspects of 297t
Tuberculosis 15, 70, 97, 261, 279, 283, 318, 319, 412, 542, 589, 659, 664, 705, 713715
abdominal 283
childhood 284t
diagnosis of 280
drug-resistant 282, 284t
endobronchial 229
extrapulmonary 282, 311
incidence of 664
neonatal 150
perinatal 151t
treatment of 284
Tularemia 682
Tumor 451
chiasmal 592
necrosis factor 543
alpha 104, 233, 575, 671
Turner syndrome 494, 494f, 495t, 568, 569
Tympanocentesis 238
Typhidot test 215
original 215
Typhlitis 213
Typhoid 211, 214, 709, 713, 715
bacilli 211
ceftriaxone-resistant 216
encephalopathy 214
endemicity 211
fever 706
favorable outcome of 216
severe 213, 217
treatment of severe 216, 217
infection, subclinical 211
meningitis 214
neurotoxin, release of 214
parenteral third-generation cephalosporin 216
reservoir of 211
state 214
treatment of 215
Typhus
endemic 273
epidemic 273
nodules of Wohlbach 268
Typical bacterial pneumonia 261
Tyrosine 139
phosphorylation 268
U
Ulcer 714
infected bacterial 714
Ulcerative colitis 220
Unconsciousness 222
Under-five children, prevalence of 37f
Undernutrition 98
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund 28, 42, 75
United Nations Millennium Declaration 6
United States Preventive Services Task Force 583
Universal Health Coverage 27
Universal salt iodization 569, 570
Unsterile injections 252
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy 531f, 537f
Upper respiratory tract infection 321, 590
Uppsala Monitoring Center 655
Urban slum 392
Urinalysis 635
Urinary alkalinization 639
Urinary iodine 84
concentration 81, 570
median 40, 82f
Urinary tract infection 131, 147, 157, 471, 668
Urine output 669
Urogenital myiasis 389
Urticaria 549
Urticarial rash 383
Utensils 622
Uterine cavity, myiasis of 389
Uveitis 589
masquerade syndromes 589
pediatric 588
V
Vaccination 705f
booster dose of 229
required 705
routine 704, 705, 709
schedule 704
timing of 704
travel specific 704
Vaccine
for travel 704, 705t
multiple 704
multiple-doses 709
preventable
diseases 8
infections, risk of 713
respiratory illness 232
single-dose 709
thiomersal-containing 648
travel-specific 704
Vaginal myiasis 389
Valacyclovir 365
Valproate 104
Valproic acid 505, 636
Vancomycin 237, 244, 627
addition of 244
Variceal bleed, acute 531
Varicella 307, 587, 671
like rash 242
syndrome, congenital 153
virus 153
zoster immune globulin 153
zoster virus 307, 324, 329, 363, 371
infection 373
Vascular endothelial growth factor 50, 201, 590
Vascular endothelium 267
cells of 268
Vasculitis 214, 552
essential cryoglobulinemic 552
small-vessel 553
Vasoactive drug 67, 669
first-line 668
Vaso-occlusive disease, severe 270
Vasoplegia 667
Vasopressin 668
Vasopressors, use of 664
Vector control, tools for 686
Vector-borne 369
disease 14, 681, 682
infection 306
Veins, hepatic 532534
Venereal disease research laboratory test 314
Venous thrombosis 213
Ventilation, noninvasive 619
Ventilators, neonatal 180
Ventricular fibrillation 629
Ventricular septal defect 506, 507
Ventriculitis 158
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis 588
Vero cell rabies vaccine, purified 608
Verrucous plaque 468f
Vertebrate host 403
Very low birth weight 122, 131, 155, 196, 206
infants, preterm 203
Vesicle hirudiniasis 390
Vesiculobullous lesions 351
Vessel vasculitis, variable 553
Vibrio cholerae 220, 223, 248, 663
Village Health And Nutrition 192
Village Health Workers 187, 187f
Villous atrophy 62
Vincent's angina 227
Viral diarrhea 371
pathogens, precautions for 372t
Viral diseases 303
emerging 307
reemerging 307
Viral infection 236, 301, 305, 373t, 543t, 712, 715
diagnostic tests for 320
emerging 353
epidemiology of 303
neonatal 151
preceding 234
prevention of 369
transmission of 371t
re-emerging 353
Virologic response, sustained 340
Virological failure 315
Virus
characteristic features of 303
genotype 353356
Visceral flukes 426, 428
Visceral leishmaniasis 16, 402, 404, 407
Visfatin 141
Vision 105
screening, ideal timing of 583
Visual axis opacification 589
Visual deprivation 584
Vitamin 76, 107, 139
A 47, 75, 99, 134, 223, 601
ingestion of 75
supplementation 69
A deficiency 8, 15, 37, 40, 67, 76, 588
low prevalence of 40
prevalence of 40, 76
B1 72
B12 39, 41, 47, 73, 575f
B12 deficiency 37, 74, 573
risk of 572, 573
B2 73
B3 73
B6 47, 73
C 74, 75
biosynthesis of 74
supplementation 75
D 47, 76, 77, 99, 134, 601
D deficiency 37, 40
risk of 40
deficiency of 61, 72, 92
fat-soluble 72
water-soluble 72
E 77
K 77
bleeding disorder, classification of 518t
deficiency bleeding 77, 517
dependent clotting factors 263
status, assessment of 518
lipid soluble 48
Volatile inhalants 634
Vomiting
during resuscitation 619
persistent 348
post-tussive 230
Voriconazole 471, 472
Vulvar myiasis 389
Vulvovaginitis, candidal 465
W
Walking pneumonia 259
Wangiella dermatitidis 467
Warm limbs 669
Wasting syndrome 61
Water and food transmission 418
Weakness 404
and paralysis 635
Weight gain criteria 68t
Weight loss 417
Weil's disease 264
Weil's syndrome 263
Weil-Felix test 267, 273, 273t
positive 274
Wernicke encephalopathy 72
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome 72
West-Nile fever 682
Wheeze, localized 676
Whipworm 437
White blood cell 261, 404
White piedra, clinical features of 464t
Whole-cell pertussis vaccine 229, 231
Widal test 215
Williams syndrome 496, 496f
Wimberger sign 74
Wohlfahrtia 388
magnifica 387
Wolff-Chaikoff effect 88
World Health Organization 6, 46, 74, 99, 120, 150, 174, 257, 299, 312, 342, 395, 426, 483, 606, 622, 642, 659, 697, 724
World Tourism Organization 712
Worm infestations, intestinal 437t
Worsening respiratory distress 176
Wound
colonization 625
management 255, 256t
local 612
principles of 607t
myiasis 387
suturing of 607
toilet 606
Wuchereria bancrofti 13, 432, 521
infections 522
life cycle of 433f
X
Xanthine oxidase 97
Xanthogranuloma, juvenile 589
Xerophthalmia 67, 75
classification of 588
Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis 286
Y
Yaws 13
Yellow fever 306, 682, 706, 714
virus 663
Yersinia 249
enterocolitica 220, 248
pestis 714
Young Infant Clinical Signs Study Group 159b
Z
Zanamivir 323, 358, 365
Zargar classification 536t
Zenker's degeneration 214
Zidovudine 314, 315, 317, 367, 368
Ziehl-Neelsen stain 151, 287f, 329
Zig-zag gedline 379
Zika
endemic area 707
infection 347
syndrome, congenital 154
virus 154, 307, 353, 355, 663
infection 707, 715
Zinc 94, 99, 134, 223
alpha 2 glycoprotein 98
deficiency of 40, 70, 94
long-term storage of 96
supplementation 67, 94, 96, 100
tablets 188
Zingiber officinale 654
Zirconia crowns 597
Zoonoses 306
bacterial 246
Zoonotic disease 263, 306, 605
viral 308
Zoonotic viruses 353
Zygomycosis, subcutaneous swelling in 469f
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