A
Abdominal thoracic viscera 52
Abdominal wall defect, midline supraumbilical 48
ABG test 17
Abrachia 82
Abrikossoff's theory 194
Addison's disease 35
Alcohol 16
Alveolar edema 341
Ambrisentan 370
American College of Cardiology 156
American Heart Association 356
American Society of Thoracic Surgeons Classification of VSD 104
Amphetamine 16
Anacrotic notch 18
Angiocardiograms 145f
Angiocytes 3
Angiogram 320
Angiographic classification 123
Anorexia nervosa 35
Anterior diaphragm, deficiency of 48
Aorta 12, 13, 18, 46, 48–53, 56, 58, 59, 61, 63, 68, 69, 81, 92, 96, 98, 99, 104, 105, 109, 113, 114, 121, 131, 131f, 133, 133f, 134, 149, 154, 157, 159–162, 162f, 164, 167, 170, 177, 182, 183, 186, 189, 195, 200–205, 207, 211, 213, 214, 217, 219, 221, 222, 225, 227, 231, 242–244, 248, 249, 262, 264, 267, 270, 277, 283, 284, 286, 290, 298, 300, 320, 322f, 323, 324, 332, 333, 340, 349, 365, 368, 377, 381
aneurysm of 384
dilatation of 152f
dissection of 16
overriding of 271
Aortic aneurysms, ruptured 179
hypoplasia of 317
types of 359f
laterality of 199
maldevelopment of 358
normal left 200
obstruction 381
Aortic atresia 332
Aortic balloon dilatation 148
Aortic enlargement 38
Aortic isthmus 11
Aortic knuckle 34
Aortic left ventricular tunnel 165
Aortic orifice 271
Aortic shadow, absence of 335f
Aortic sinus aneurysm, rupture of 182
Aortico-cameral tunnel 165
Aortoarteritis, nonspecific 174
Aortoatrial tunnels 163
Arch, abnormal 199
Arrhythmic episodes 69
Arterial blood gas analysis 355
Arterial fistulam, congenital coronary 189
Arterial partial pressure, normal value of 22
Arterial switch 329
Arteriovenous fistula, congenital pulmonary 353
Artery 185
aberrant
innominate 203
left pulmonary 204
angiography 343
anomalies, congenital coronary 185
central pulmonary 42f
common coronary 333
fistula, aortopulmonary 183
hypoplastic nonconfluent pulmonary 294
intercostal 170
left anterior descending 186
reduced number of 364
single great 52
stenosis, innominate 157
Arthritis 86
Atelectasis 282
Athletic appearance 170
Atretic tricuspid valve 249f
Atrial balloon septostomy 251
Atrial ectopics 86
Atrial fibrillation 81
Atrial myxoma 66
Atrial septal defect 7, 16, 26, 28, 37, 38, 64, 74, 79, 82, 84, 86–88, 91–92, 94, 96, 96f, 98, 102, 106, 127, 136, 151, 209, 212, 237, 243, 244, 254, 271, 281, 289, 312, 324, 332, 333, 339, 344, 349, 353, 365, 368, 369, 377, 380, 384, 388, 389
subcaval 92
Atrial septal puncture 381
Atrial switch 329
Atrial systole, pressure during 18
Atrioventricular block, complete 229
Atrioventricular nodal rhythms 28
Atrioventricular node branch 186
unbalanced 140
Atrioventricular septum 104
Augmented vector foot 67
Axillary arterial system 170
Azygos vein 6
B
Barlow syndrome 63
Barratt-Boyes classification 100
Bat-wing appearance 41
Bedford sign 35
Beraprost 370
Beta-blockers 296
Bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt 251
Birth, physiological changes after 363
Blalock–Taussig procedure, classic 34
Bland–White–Garland syndrome 194
Bleeding diathesis 368
Bone morphogenetic protein 4
Bosentan 370
Brachial blood pressure, measurement of 274
Brachiocephalic veins 6
Bridging leaflet, superior 138
Bronchiectasis 33
B-type natriuretic peptide 125
Bulbar septum 104
Bull and De Leval classification 264
Burchell classification 241
C
Calcium channel blockers 370
Captopril 295
Carbon dioxide 145
Cardiac apex, localization of 19
Cardiac jelly 3
Cardiac multislice computed tomography, techniques of 212
Cardiac tumors 160
Cardiac ultrasound, role of 375
Carina, splaying of 35f
CATCH 22 syndrome 9
Celermajer index 257
Cervical aortic arch 203
Char syndrome 121
Cholecystitis 49
Chordae tendineae 55
Chordal rupture 72
Circumflex aortic arch 204
Clinical pressure gradient 383
Coarctation of aorta 16, 32, 35, 40, 56, 149, 150, 159, 167, 167f, 168, 170, 170f, 171, 172f, 173f, 175, 243, 298f, 305, 313, 332, 380, 383, 383f, 388, 389
classification of 168
Coarctation
abdominal 169
common associations of 169
complex 168
extracardiac associations of 169
functional 169
reverse 168
simple 168
Cœur en sabot 37
Collett and Edwards classification 316
Compression 35
Concordant loop 50
Conduction pathways, abnormality of 255
Conduction tissue 254
Congenital aortic sinus aneurysm, unruptured 179
Congenital cardiac lesions 389t
Congenital heart disease 3, 11, 15, 16, 24, 26f, 27, 28, 33, 38, 48–50, 79, 167, 187, 189, 201, 259, 262, 270, 297, 328, 375, 380, 387–391
basic embryology of 3
complex 48
prevention of 391
sex preponderance of 26t
Congestive heart failure 16, 22f, 23–25, 56, 65, 72, 78, 86, 91, 102, 105, 115, 123, 141, 151, 166, 169, 180, 188, 193, 195, 208, 218, 219, 224, 238, 244, 249, 251, 255, 266, 269, 272, 281, 291, 301, 317, 325, 334, 341, 356, 360, 365
causes of 23
common causes of 24
differential diagnosis of 251fc
signs of 23
Conotruncal anomaly 16
Consciousness, transient loss of 273
Conventional decongestive therapy 166
Coronary artery, normal 185
abnormality of 185
anatomy 269
disease 151
premature 174
left main 186
normal
left 186f
right 186f
proximal right 189f
pulmonary arterial origin of 194
stenosis 159
Coronary balloon catheter 157
Coronary cameral fistula 263
Coronary fistula 190
Coronary pulmonary shunt 195
Coronary stenosis 263
Coronary vascular system 185
Corrective surgery 91
Cottage loaf appearance 342
Cough 200
Coxsackie virus 16
Crepitation 296
Crista terminalis 53f
Cyanosis 21–24, 77, 89, 107, 110, 132, 238, 245, 249, 256, 265, 279, 281, 285, 293, 301, 303, 320, 337, 341
cardiac causes of 22
mild-to-severe 291
minimal 249
presence of 25
reversed differential 23
Cyst, Echinococcus 206
D
Da Costa's syndrome 63
Darling's classification 339
Dehydration, severe 35
Dextroposition 33
Dextroversion 48
Diabetes 16
Diaphragmatic pericardium 48
Dicrotic notch 18
Dicrotic wave 18
Digital subtraction angiography 200
Dinamap method 17
Disc valve 156
Discrete fibrous membrane 160
Distal aortic segment 168
Dizziness 180
Dobutamine 345
Dock's sign 172
Dopamine 345
Double orifice mitral valve 55
Double outlet
Dual sinus origin 323
Ductal arch 377
Ductal closure, mechanism of 122
Duroziez's murmur 164
Duroziez's sign 114
Dynamic auscultation 66
Dysplastic pulmonary valve 213
E
E sign 172
Ebstein's disease 253
Echocardiography 15, 57, 19, 60, 67, 72, 77, 78, 84, 89, 93, 95, 97, 101, 102, 108, 114, 119, 126, 127, 133, 143, 145, 152, 161, 164, 166, 173, 181, 189, 196, 202, 210, 212, 218, 220, 222, 225, 230, 232, 238, 247, 257, 266, 277, 278, 282, 286, 292, 300, 302, 303, 312, 318, 326, 334, 337, 342, 350, 355, 360, 366
Eddies sounds 124
Edema 246
Edward's syndrome 103
Eisenmenger's atrial septal defect 366f
Eisenmenger's pathology 364
Eisenmenger's physiology 364
Eisenmenger's reaction 362
Eisenmenger's state 364
Elastic tissue, abnormal 221
Electrocardiographic pattern 83
Electrocardiography 15, 57, 60, 67, 72, 73, 77, 83, 85, 89, 90, 93, 97, 98, 100, 107, 114, 119, 125, 133, 133f, 143, 152, 164, 172, 180, 191, 195, 203, 209, 210, 212, 215, 218, 220, 222, 225, 229, 238, 239, 246, 266, 268, 276, 282, 285, 291, 299, 301–303, 310, 313, 318, 320, 326, 342, 348, 349, 355, 360, 365, 369
surface 246
Elfin facies 16
Embryologic loop, relation of 50
Enalapril 112
Endocardial cushion, superior 8
Endothelin receptor antagonist 370
Endothelium obliterates, cellular necrosis of 12
Endovascular stent 381
Epigastric branch, superior 170
European Surveillance of Congenital Anomalies 391
Eustachian valve 352
F
Failure to thrive 341
Falcon and Perloff classification 128
Fatigue 220
Feeding difficulty 16
Femoral artery approach 383
Femoral pulse, loss of 383
Fetal
alcohol syndrome 16
arrhythmia, diagnosis of 378
bradycardia 376
cardiac
anomalies, risk factors for 376
function, assessment of 378
interventions 378
concept of 11
circulatory pathway 11
coarctation 168
cross-sectional 257
procedure of 376
hemoglobin 12
tachycardia 376
Fibrosis, endomyocardial 78
Figure-of-three sign 176
Flail mitral valve leaflet 64
Flat P waves 29
Floppy mitral valve syndrome 63
Flow murmurs 25
Flow theory 358
Flush method 17
Fontan–Kreutzer operation, modified 251
G
Gastrointestinal organs 45
Gasul's defect 116
Gene therapy 370
German measles 16
Gestational age 16
Gianturco coil 295
Glenn anastomosis, classic 251
Glenn procedure, bidirectional 336
Globular heart 334
Goldenhar syndrome 33
Golf-ball appearance 344
Gore-Tex stents 283
abnormality during development of 8
connections 309
dextro-transposition of 250
formation of 9
relationship of 51
Great Ormond street echo score 257
Great vessels, transposition of 24
Greenwold classification 264
Guntheroth's theory 274
H
Hackensellner's theory 194
Hand topology, left 53
Headache 354
Heart
block 183
boot-shaped 276
complex 130
congenital acyanotic 79
congenital cyanotic 22
ischemic 64
major congenital 22f
distortion of 35
enlargement of 39
acute congestive 76
congenital 82
right 24
normal 138f
position of 48
sound
fourth 220
single second 20
third 220
tube
subdivisions of primary 4f
univentricular 36
Heart-hand syndrome 121
Helical computed tomography angiography 343
Hemiplegia 269
Hemodynamic 56, 59, 65, 77, 80, 89, 113, 132, 150, 169, 179, 194, 208, 218, 237, 243, 254, 272, 309, 339, 348, 354, 364
abnormality 190
classification 123
Hemolysis 384
Hemoptysis 318
Hemothorax 355
Heterotaxy, abdominal 237
High-pressure chamber 214
Hilar shadows, typical 41f
Human immunodeficiency virus 369
Hum-shape appearance 230
Hyaline membrane disease 22
Hybrid procedure 336
Hypercalcemia, infantile 224
Hyperkalemia 30
Hyperplasia, intimal 364
Hypervascularization 77
Hyperviscosity syndrome 22
Hypoglycemia 22
Hypokinesia 77
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 26, 31, 129, 149, 155, 156, 187, 188, 307, 331, 333, 334f, 335f, 336, 378, 388
echocardiography of 335f
hemodynamic of 333
Hypoplastic tricuspid annulus, severely 264
Hypoventilation 145
I
Indomethacin 129
Infections, maternal 16
Inferior vena cava 5, 6, 11, 12, 18, 46, 47f, 48–50, 92, 100, 238f, 237, 244, 329, 338, 351f, 352f, 375
anomalies of 347
interruption 350
Infundibular chamber 161
Inlet septum 104
Innominate vein, left 340f
Insomnia 66
Intercostal artery, superior 170
International Society for Nomenclature of Paediatric and Congenital Heart Disease 104
Intrauterine life 141
Invasive procedure 15
Isomerism, bilateral 48
Ivemark syndrome 237
K
Kabuki syndrome 271
Kartagener's triad 49
Katz-Wachtel phenomenon 108
Kawasaki disease 188
Kidney 12
Kirklin classification, modified 100
Kommerell diverticulum 202
Konno operation 162
Kothari's theory 274
L
Lanoxin 129
Larry–Eliot classification 41
Laurence–Moon–Biedl syndrome 16
Leaflet, anterosuperior 139
Lecompte maneuver 329
Left atrium 12, 18, 38, 48, 53, 55, 58, 63, 65, 68, 69, 73, 74, 78, 81, 88, 90, 92, 93, 96, 98, 104, 105, 113, 114, 131, 149, 159–161, 164, 165, 170, 174, 189, 207, 217, 221, 242–244, 251, 262, 277, 284, 289, 290, 300, 308, 319, 333, 338, 348, 349, 351, 353, 368, 376, 381, 385
morphologic 50
stenosis of 272
Left ventricle 4, 5, 12, 25, 26, 34, 38, 53, 58, 63, 65, 68, 69, 73, 74, 76, 78, 81, 88, 92, 96, 98, 103, 105, 113, 114, 131, 149, 154, 159–162, 164, 167, 170, 174, 182, 207, 217, 221, 231t, 238, 239, 242–244, 248, 251, 262, 277, 284, 289, 290, 293, 298, 300, 302, 319, 333, 348, 349, 351, 353, 376, 381, 385
Left ventricular
angiocardiography 110
aspect of septum 140f
dilatation 196
dysfunction 255
ejection time index 150
endocardium 53
enlargement 36
causes of 36
causes of 31f
severe 72
pattern 308
Lev and Saphir's classification 315
Lithium 16
Lower limb hypertension 168
Lung buds 338
M
Macaroni syndrome 223
Main pulmonary artery 37, 57, 81, 89, 97, 98f, 108, 122, 131, 143, 204f, 207, 217, 218, 220–222, 225, 230f, 238, 246, 247f, 277, 299, 319f, 320f, 335
dilatation of 221
Mammary artery 173
Maternal disease 16
Meconium aspiration syndrome 22
Mediasternal tumors 224
Mediastinitis 224
Mental retardation 274
Mesenteric vein, superior 340
Metabolic acidosis 325
Metabolic disorders 34
Mickey Mouse ears appearance 282
Microcardia 35
Middle aortic syndrome 158
Midsystolic murmur 69
Miller-Edwards catheter 386
Milliken classification 264
Mirror image branching 201
Mitral atresia 307
Mitral incompetence 63
Mitral inflow obstructions 40
Mitral orifice 56f
congenital 71
Mitral ring, supravalvar 40
anatomy 64
area 97
disease 32
level 55
percutaneous repair of 381
posterior leaflet of 64f
frequency of 80
syndrome 67
repair 74
replacement 74
stenosis, congenital 57f
M-mode echocardiography 218
Mongoloid facies 16
Monology of Fallot 276
Mood swings 66
Morgan's theory 273
Mori's classification 132
Mosaic flow pattern 214
Müller's sign 164
Multiple coarctations 169
Multiple noncardiac anomalies 331
Mumps 16
Mural thrombi formation 78
Muscular atresia 242
Muscular septum 104
Muscular ventricular septum 5
Myocardial performance index 378
Myocardial perfusion imaging 197
Myocardium 263
Myxedema 30
Myxoid dysplasia 149
Myxoma 61
Myxomatous degeneration, progressive 69
N
Nadas criteria 24t
Nakata index 294
Nasopharyngeal obstruction, chronic 145
Neill's classification 339
Neimberg classification 242
Neonatal cyanosis, differential diagnosis of 250fc
Neural theory 171
Newborn, pulmonary hypertension of 367
Noncardiac anomalies 331
Norwood procedure 336
Nuclear myocardial perfusion imaging 197
O
Oblique, left anterior 145
Obstructed right ventricle 380
Obstructed systemic venous baffles, postoperative 380
Obstructive cor triatriatum 40
Obstructive emphysema 35
Occlusive fibroelastosis 187
Orthodeoxia platypnea 354
Orthotopic heart transplantation 337
Oscillometric method 17
Osteogenesis imperfecta syndrome 64
Ostial stenosis 189
Outflow tract view 376
Outlet chamber 308
Outlet septum 104
Oxygenated blood 11
Oxygenation 14
P
Palliative management 295
Palliative procedures 336
Palmaz-Schatz stent 226
Paradoxical hypertension 175
Parasternal short-axis 127
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea 275
Patau syndrome 271
Patent ductus arteriosus 16, 26, 29, 38, 39, 81, 106, 115, 121, 121f, 127f, 132, 135, 150, 180, 182, 191, 194, 209, 217, 223, 243, 264, 265, 267, 272, 281, 290, 298, 323, 329, 333, 335, 339, 358, 362, 365, 369, 377, 380, 384, 384f, 388, 389
classification of 123
Peak systolic transvalvular gradient 152
Pediatric cardiology 392
Pentalogy of Fallot 276
Percussion wave 18
Percutaneous balloon angioplastic procedure 175
Percutaneous transcatheter intervention 129
Pericardium, congenital absence of left 36
Perimembranous 113
Peripheral pulmonary vessels 126
Peripheral smear 143
Peripheral vessel 381
Persistent arrhythmias 67
Persistent ductus venosus 347
Persistent fetal circulation syndrome 22
Persistent truncus arteriosus 315
Phenylketonuria 16
Phenytoin 16
Pink tetralogy 275
Pistol shot sound 164
Platypnea-orthodeoxia 82
Plethora 125
Poland syndrome 33
Pompe's disease 78
Portal vein 340
Post-atrial septal defect 385f
Postnatal life 105
Post-patent ductus arteriosus 385f
Poststenotic dilatation 38
Precordial pulsation 220
Predominantly cyanosis 325
Pregnancy and pulmonary stenosis 216
Prenatal diagnostic techniques 390
Primitive bulbus cordis 178
Primitive heart tube formation 3
Prostanoids 370
Pseudocoarctation 168
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum 64
Pulmonary angiography, selective 356f
Pulmonary arterioles, muscularity of small 364
Pulmonary artery 8f, 11–13, 18, 34, 36, 51, 51f, 52f, 53, 56, 57f, 59, 61, 72, 81f, 96, 99, 105, 119, 121f, 127f, 131, 131f, 133, 133f, 157, 170, 177, 186, 189, 192f, 193, 194, 195f–197f, 205, 211, 211f, 215, 219, 222f, 227, 227f, 231, 239f, 244, 248, 262f, 264, 271, 288, 301, 312f, 320, 322f, 328, 340, 353f, 360, 362, 369, 377, 381
absence of 204
anastomosis 34
anomalies of 204
anomalous origin of 199
conduits 380
constriction of 223
development of 8f
hypertension 362
origin of 327f
overriding of 324
part of main 223
sinuses adjacent to 323f
wedge pressure 364
Pulmonary atresia 20–23, 31, 39, 40, 129, 187, 242, 242f, 243f, 245, 262, 262f, 263, 264, 267f, 276, 288, 289f, 290, 292f, 316, 388
electrocardiography of 292f
pathways in 264f
Pulmonary atrioventricular fistula 21
Pulmonary capillary pressure 56
Pulmonary collaterals 288
Pulmonary infarction 365
Pulmonary pressure 362
Pulmonary stenosis 16, 26, 31, 38, 102, 110, 111, 116, 117f, 154, 210f, 211f, 212, 215, 216, 242, 242f, 243f, 245, 284, 284f, 285, 298, 298f, 300f, 302f–304f, 324, 363, 382
absence of 222f
echocardiography of 211f
hemodynamic classification of 208
single ventricle with 311f
types of 207f
Pulmonary thrombosis 365
Pulmonary valvotomy 215
Pulmonary vascularity 319f
Pulmonary vasodilators 112
Pulmonary vaso-occlusive disease 56
Pulsatile precordium precordial prominence 25
Pure infundibular stenosis 117
Q
QT interval 30
Quadricuspid aortic valve 163
Quadricuspid valve 166
Quincke's sign 114
Quinckes pulse 164
R
Rashkind procedure 329
Rastelli classification 139
Recurrent coarctation 169
Recurrent paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia 146
Recurrent respiratory infection 21
Recurrent stenosis 175
Regional wall motion abnormality 197
Reid syndrome 63
Renal artery stenosis 157
Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system 171
Residual coarctation 169
Respiration 17
Respiratory system examination 21
Restrictive cardiomyopathy 66
Retrocristal septum 104
Retroesophageal diverticulum 202
Retrograde aortography 182
Rhabdomyoma 160
Rheumatic multivalvular heart lesions 259
Rheumatic origin 96f
Riemenschneider and Moss classification 118
Right pulmonary
artery 18, 34, 38, 98f, 99, 134, 200, 203, 204, 204f, 205f, 225, 225f, 251f, 277, 316f, 320f, 359, 367f
angiography 101f
veins 99f
Right ventricle 13, 19, 25, 30, 34, 38, 52, 53, 59–61, 77, 80, 84, 88, 94, 96, 103, 105, 109, 113, 114, 118, 121, 131, 144, 149, 157, 160, 167, 170, 177, 207, 211, 220, 231t, 238, 243, 244, 248–251, 254, 258, 264, 267, 270, 277, 316, 324, 332, 340, 343, 344, 349, 368, 369, 381
enlargement 35f
Right ventricular
angiocardiography 258
angiography 212f
blood 11
hypertrophy 30, 31f, 31t, 108, 172, 208, 212, 215, 220, 225, 257, 270–272, 276f, 282, 326, 334, 360, 365, 366, 369
severe 29
outflow tract
stenosis, residual 380
thrombus 206
Roentgenography 88
Roger's murmur 107
Rubella 16
S
Sakakibara and Konno classification 178
Sakakibara classification, modified 179
San Luis Valley syndrome 271
Sandergard's coarctation 208
Sano procedure 336
Scoliosis 34
Septal notch 41
Septal perforation 105
Septal puncture 386
Sex hormone 16
Shock, features of 21
Shunt
lesions 25
left-to-right 25
right-to-left 25
murmurs 25
pretricuspid left-to-right 39
reversal of 212t
Sick infants, management of 295
Sinoatrial node branch 186
classification system for 178
dilatation of 181
types of 178f
congenital aneurysm of 163
aneurysm of 184
Sinusitis 33
Skeletal abnormalities 33
Skodaic theory 168
Smith's classification 339
Smith–Lemli–Optiz syndrome 331
Snowman appearance 342
Snowman's cardiac contour 344
Soto's classification, modified 104
Sounds, multiple 124
Spinal artery 170f
Spiral computed tomography 225
Splenic vein 340
Splitting, normal 20
Squatting 274
Staghorn sign 60
Stenosis 331
infundibular 278f
mild 150
moderate 150
pulmonary
congenital 206
dysplastic 213f
isolated 206
severe 150
Stenotic aortic valve 149f
Stenotic lesions, incidence of 26
Stenotic mitral valve 96f
Sternal defect, lower 48
Stridor 200
Stroke 356
Stromal endometriosis 206
Subaortic discrete membrane 161f
Subaortic obstruction 298
Subcardinal veins 5
Subendocardial injury 76
Subvalvular apparatus defect 71
Superior vena cava 5, 6, 11, 12, 18, 34, 46, 47, 49, 92, 92f, 93f, 94, 100, 110, 140, 237, 238f, 244, 251f, 272, 338, 348, 349, 349f, 351, 351f, 375
absent normal right-sided 347
anomalies of 347
obstruction 173
Supracardinal veins 5
Supravalvular pulmonary stenosis 223
Supravalvular stenosing ring 55
Supraventricular rhythm 30
Surgery, role of 371
Surgical reconstruction, staged 336
Swiss-Cheese defect 111
Syncopal attack 152
Systemic blood flow 39
Systemic hypertension 175
Systemic veins 52
Systemic venous stenosis 381
Systolic click syndrome 63
T
Tachyarrhythmias 255
Tadalafil 370
Takeuchi repair 198
Tandon and Edward classification 242
Teardrop appearance 301
Teeter-Totter appearance 259
Tetralogy of Fallot 8, 9, 16, 34, 99, 111, 116, 140, 187, 188, 201, 207, 212, 212t, 217, 223, 246, 250, 270, 270f, 271, 276f, 278, 281, 285t, 288, 299, 300f, 310, 348, 369, 378, 388, 389
echocardiogram of 277f
echocardiography of 277f
postoperative 380
severe 268
Thoracic aorta 132
Thorax 45
Three-dimensional echocardiography 181
Thrombosis, intravascular 250
Thymic hypoplasia 315
Thyrotoxicosis 40
Tidal wave 18
Tissue ribonucleoprotein antigen, soluble 76
Todaro's tendon 243
Toronto classification 123
Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection 20, 21, 26, 31, 35, 38, 59, 128, 143, 146, 328, 338, 339, 341, 343, 347, 352, 362, 388, 389
types of 339f
Trabecular septum 104
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement 381
Transcatheter delivered device closure 135
Transcatheter occlusion 384
Transient systolic murmur 20
Transverse aortic arch, hypoplasia of 378
Traube's sign 114
Tricuspid atresia 16, 31, 36, 39, 129, 241, 242f–244f, 245, 246f, 247, 249, 268, 294, 307, 328, 388, 389
echocardiogram of 248f
Tricuspid flow murmurs 341
abnormal 254
anomalies 324
atresia 242
Ebstein's anomaly of 37
Ebstein's malformation of 40
leaflets 253
normal 149f
Trimethadione 16
Trivial stenosis 150
Tubular hypoplasia 168
Tumors 206
Turner's phenotype 170
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome 376
V
Valsalva maneuver 82
Valvotomy, surgical 56
Valvular atresia 242
Vascular endothelium 13
Vascular obstructions, dilatation of 380
Vascular sling 205
Vasodilators 295
Ventricular aneurysm 66
Ventricular arrhythmia 171
Ventricular chambers, morphology of main 308
Ventricular fibrillation 154
Ventricular hypertrophy 30
Ventricular origin, arrhythmias of 30
Ventricular premature contraction 74
Ventricular septal crest 139
Ventricular septal defect 16, 26, 29, 38, 39, 56, 90, 103, 105, 113, 114, 116, 118, 127, 132, 136, 146, 150, 154, 168, 178, 192, 193, 194, 201, 207, 217, 223, 228, 242, 242f, 243f, 244, 250, 251, 254, 270, 271, 281, 288, 289f, 290, 290f, 292f, 297, 302, 308, 315, 322, 324, 329, 358, 362, 363, 365, 369, 381, 385, 388, 389
echocardiogram of 368f
isolated 9
spontaneous closure of 107
types of 105f
Ventricular sinus septum 104
Ventricular systole, pressure during 18
Ventriculoarterial connection 377
Ventriculoarterial discordance 50
Ventriculocoronary arterial communications 263
Vertebral artery 170f
Vessel thrombosis 364
Vibratory systolic murmur 20
Visceral position, abnormal 45
Visceral situs 311