DC Dutta's Textbook of Gynecology including Contraception
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DC Dutta's Textbook of Gynecology including Contraception
Eighth Edition
DC Dutta MBBS DGO MO (Cal)
Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital,
Kolkata, India
Edited by
Hiralal Konar (Hons; Gold Medalist) MBBS (Cal) MD (PGI) DNB (India) MNAMS FACS (USA) FRCOG (London)
FOGSI Representative to Asia Oceania Federation of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (AOFOG) Member, Oncology Committee of AOFOG Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Agartala Govt. Medical College and G B Pant Hospital, Tripura, India Chairman, Indian College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (2013) Formerly Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Calcutta National Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata One-time Professor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Midnapore Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal University of Health Sciences, Kolkata, India Rotation Registrar in Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology Northern and Yorkshire Region, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK Examiner-National: MBBS, DGO, MD and PhD of different Indian Universities and National Board of Examination, New Delhi, India International: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, (MRCOG), London, Royal College of Physicians of Ireland (MRCPI) Recipient, “Pride of FOGSI” award – 2019, for exemplary efforts toward upliftment of Women's Health in India
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DC Dutta's Textbook of Gynecology
Seventh Edition: 2016
Eighth Edition: 2020
9789389587883
Printed at
The students of gynecology— past and present
Dutta's Textbook of Gynecology has stepped in its 8th edition through its journey over the last 31 years. Its first edition was in photo-type setting in 1989 with 450 pages. Concept was to provide students with the knowledge of “Medical Gynecology” as maternity care was the need of those days. The contribution of this great teacher to the medical fraternity was monumental. This provided a huge impetus to the successors to follow his footsteps. Significant development has been observed in each edition of this book concurrent to the progress of science, technology and imaging. This textbook has now been considered the classic in the field both nationally and internationally. The advances observed in all the areas of subspeciality like: reproductive endocrinology, infertility, urogynecology, oncology, endoscopy and general gynecology are adequately reflected in this edition. Consistency and uniformity with updated information in all the chapters are the special features of this book.
Dutta's Gynecology is comprehensive and user friendly with its easy-to-read format. The presentation of this book with its quality of graphics, design, profuse illustrations (366), high quality photographs (330) and imaging studies are the special attraction. Numerous tables, boxes, flowcharts, and algorithms are there, for ease of study and reproducibility. The key points are at the end of each chapter to provide an outline synopsis of the entire chapter. This is of value for quick and easy revision. The state-of-the-art in the book lies in the presentation which is simple, lucid, clear and concise. Above all, it provides a balanced distillation of evidence-based information upon which a student, trainee resident, a practitioner and a nurse can fully depend.
All the chapters have been exhaustively revised, updated and many of these thoroughly rewritten. Practical gynecology (Chapter 38), contains a total of 107 high quality photographs and plates of imaging studies. Few hundreds of viva questions along with answers and explanations are presented to enable the students to face the clinical and viva voce part of examination. The total information given in Chapter 38 amounts to a “mini-textbook-cum color atlas” of gynecology.
Considering the vast amount of scientific information and the research, it is practically impossible to limit the subject matter within the few pages of the book. Arrangements have been made through electronic media for the readers who wish to know more. Information regarding the examination situation (theory, viva voce, multiple choice questions and answers, operation video clips) have been provided through the electronic resources (www.dcdutta.com/www.hiralalkonar.com).
My aim in this book has always been to help the students, residents and clinicians to remain updated with the knowledge that has passed the test of clinical relevance. I do hope this comprehensive textbook will continue to be an immense educational source to readers as ever. The readers will enjoy this edition and learn as much as they can in this ever-evolving field, in order to provide a quality care to women.
According to the author's desire, the book is therefore dedicated once again “to the students of gynecology: past and present”.
Hiralal Konar
h.kondr@gmail.com
P–13, New CIT Road
Kolkata–700014
Preface to the First Edition
Since my publication of Textbook of Obstetrics about 5 years back, I have been pressed hard by my esteemed colleagues and the students all over the country and abroad to write a Textbook on Gynecology of similar style to fill up the deficit. Initially, I was hesitant to proceed with the stupendous task but considering the fact that a compact, comprehensive and practical-oriented fundamental book in gynecology is not available to the undergraduates, I have decided to comply with their request.
The book has been written in a lucid language in author's own style. Extensive diagrams, photographs, and flowcharts (schemes) have been depicted throughout the text to give clarity of the subject. Due attention has been paid to project the fundamental principles and practice of gynecology. As such, more emphasis has been given on medical gynecology. But for that, indications, limitations, and principles of techniques of operations have received adequate consideration. The book is thus made invaluable not only to the medical students but also the practising physicians and students of nursing.
The author wishes to acknowledge gratitude to his esteemed colleague Dr N Chowdhury, MBBS, DGO, MO (Cal), for his contribution to the topic “Hormone Therapy in Gynecological practice”. Dr Santosh Kr Paul, MBBS, DGO, MO(Cal), Prof, Dept of Obst and Gyne, NRS Medical College, Calcutta, deserves full appreciation for his contribution in a lucid way to the topic “Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy in Gynecology”. The author has much pleasure in expressing grateful thanks to Dr BN Chakravorty, MBBS, DGO, MO (Cal), FRCOG (Eng), and Dr KM Gun, MBBS, DGO, MO (Cal), FRCOG (Eng), FRCS (Edin), FACS (USA), for their valued suggestions as and when required and their contribution of photographs to enrich the text. I gratefully record my thanks to Dr Subir Kumar Dutta, MBBS, DCP, MD (Path & Bact), Prof, Dept of Pathology and Bacteriology, University College of Medicine, Calcutta, for the microphotographs depicted throughout the text. The author records his thanks to Dr SM Dali Prof, Obst and Gyne; Dr Bhola Rijal, Associate Prof, Obst and Gyne of Teaching Hospital, and Dr (Mrs) Dibya S Malia, Director, Maternity Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, for their contribution of few outstanding photographs to enrich the text.
The author expresses much pleasure all the time to the House Surgeons, Internees and students of Nilratan Sircar Medical College, Calcutta, for the help they have rendered in preparation of the final drafts of the manuscripts, check up of the proofs and compiling the index. Their help is invaluable and unforgettable and without which the book could never have been published.
The author wishes to thank Mr Biren Das for his exhaustive number of drawings and flowcharts which enrich the lucidity of the book. The author also thanks Mr Ranjit Sen for preparation of photographs (black and white) depicted throughout the text. The author has much pleasure in expressing his appreciation to Mr Bimal Bhattacharya, MSc, LLB (Cal), DSW, DHE, Lecturer, Health Education and Family Welfare, Postpartum Unit, NRS Medical College, Calcutta for the patience shown in dealing with correction of manuscripts and proofs.
In preparing the textbook, the author has utilized the knowledge of number of stalwarts in his profession and consulted many books and publications. The author wishes to express his appreciation and gratitude to all of them including the related authors and publishers.
The author still confesses that as a teacher, he has learnt a lot from the students and more so while writing this book and as such he could not think to dedicate the book to anyone else than the students of gynecology—past and present.
DC Dutta
Acknowledgments
A textbook of this standard could never be completed without the help and advice of many. The editor thanks many distinguished persons for their support in updating the book. I have consulted many outstanding teachers in the profession, multitude of eminent authors and many current evidence-based studies. The legacy is gratefully acknowledged. I express my sincere thanks to many of my esteemed colleagues throughout the country and abroad for their valued suggestions and criticisms. I sincerely acknowledge the support of all the students (undergraduates and postgraduates) of different medical institutions in the country for their opinions and criticisms that have helped to enrich this book. As before, I welcome the views of students and teachers who regularly write to me, offering their suggestions and ideas on email: h.kondr@gmail.com.
At the outset, I am indebted wholeheartedly for the support provided by the Department of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Tripura: Prof Chinmoy Biswas, Director of Medical Education; Prof Kamal Krishna Kundu, Principal, and Dr Ranjit Kumar Das, Medical Superintendent-cum-Vice-Principal, AGMC, Tripura.
I am specially grateful to Dr KM Gun, MD, FRCOG, FRCS, Prof (Late); Dr BN Chakravorty, MD, FRCOG, DSc, Prof (Rtd), Director, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Kolkata for the contributions on the topics; Neuroendocrinology in Relation to Reproduction (Chapter 7); Infertility (Chapter 17); Disorders of Sexual Development (Chapter 28); Amenorrhea (Chapter 29) and Hormones in Gynecological Practice (Chapter 32). Thanks are due to Dr A Mazumder, MD, Prof for his support in revising the chapter—Basic Principles of Radiation Therapy, Chemotherapy, Immunotherapy and Gene Therapy in Gynecology (Chapter 31). The editor sincerely thanks Dr Subir K Dutta, MD, Prof (Pathology) for the microphotographs depicted in the text.
I sincerely acknowledge the following teachers across the country and abroad for their valuable feedback for Dutta's books. Their comments and suggestions have helped to shape this new edition. I hope I have listed all those who have contributed and apologize if any name has been accidentally omitted.
My sincere thanks are due to Sir Prof Sabaratnam Arulkumaran, Emeritus Prof, St George's University of London, President FIGO (Past); Prof Lesley Regan, President, RCOG; Mr Michael O'Connel, Royal College of Physicians, Dublin; Prof PS Chakraborty, IPGMER, Kolkata; Prof P Mukherjee, Calcutta MCH; Prof C Das, NRSMCH; Prof A Majhi, RG Kar MC, Kolkata; Prof S Pati, CNMC, Kolkata; Prof PK Biswas and Dr Aftabuddin Mondal, CNMCH; Prof Picklu Choudhury, Rampurhat Medical College, West Bengal; Dr Annie Regi, CMC, Vellore; Prof KK Ray and Dr Neerja Bhatla, AIIMS, New Delhi; Prof V Das, KGMC, Lucknow; Prof RL Singh, RIMS, Imphal; Prof Subroto Ponda, NEGRIMS, Shillong; Prof Kavita Singh, NSCBMC, Jabalpur; Prof V Das, PGIMER, Chandigarh; Prof NR Agarwal and Prof Uma Pandey, Banaras Hindu University, Banaras; Prof Abha Rani Sinha, Muzaffarpur, Bihar; Prof Hemali Sinha, AIIMS, Patna; Prof K Pandey, GSVM MCH, Kanpur; Prof Hemant Deshpande and Prof Himadri Bal, Dr DY Patil MCH, Pune; Prof Pranay Phukan, Dibrugarh; Prof R Talukdar and Prof Saswati Sanyal Choudhry, Guwahati; Prof S Dutta, NBMCH, Siliguri; Prof M Sarkar and Dr Santyandra Manna, MMCH, Malda; Prof N Jana and Dr Arindam Halder, CRSS, Kolkata; Prof J Mukherjee, Kishanganj MCH, Bihar; Prof Hafizur Rahman, Gangtok; Prof DK Bhowmik, TMCH, Tripura; Prof Anindya Kumar Das, Bankura; Prof Chandra Kiran, PMCH, Patna; Prof Farhana Dewan and Prof Kohinoor Begum, Dhaka; Prof Rokeya Begum, Chittagong; Prof Rowshan Ara Begum and Prof Sabera Khatun, Dhaka; Prof Jyoti Bindal, GRMC, Gwalior; Prof Seema Hakim, AMU, Aligarh; Prof Beena Bhatnagar, NIMS, Jaipur; Prof Manpreet Kaur, DMC, Ludhiana; Prof MB Bellad, Belagavi; Prof Ajith, Kannur; Prof Malik Goonewardene, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka; Prof HR Seneviratne, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Prof Pratap Kumar, KMC, Manipal; Prof Nilesh Dalal, MGMC, Indore; Prof Sudesh Agarwal, SPMC, Bikaner; Prof Pushpa Dahiya, Rohtak, PIMS; Prof Mary Daniel, PIMS, Puducherry; Prof Sasikala, SMVMCH, Puducherry; Prof Atiya Sayed, AIIMS, J&K; Prof N Chaudhury, HIMS, Dehradun; Prof S Nanda, PGI, Rohtak; Prof N Chutani and Prof SS Gulati, SMC, Greater Noida; Prof Raksha Arora, SMC, Ghaziabad; Prof Jaya Chaturvedi, AIIMS, Rishikesh; Prof Abha Singh, JNMCH, Raipur; Prof Rehana Nazam, TMU, Moradabad; Prof Bharati Misra, MKCG, Berhampur; Prof Neelam Pradhan and Prof Meeta Singh, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TU & TH), Kathmandu; Prof Sujatha Sharma, GMC, Amritsar; Prof Promila Jindal; PIMS, Jalandhar; Prof R Shahnaz Taing, Government MCH, Srinagar; Prof Surinder Kumar, Government MCH, Jammu; Prof Alka Sehgal, Government MCH, Chandigarh; Prof Arun H Nayak, LTMG MCH, Mumbai; Prof Ashok Anand, Grant MCH, Mumbai; Prof B Sarala, Osmania MCH, Hyderabad; Prof D Rajyalakshmi, Rangaraya MCH, Hyderabad; Prof J Fidvi, GMC, Nagpur; Prof Chellamma, KMCT MCH, Kozhikode; Prof Nirmala, Govt MCH Thiruvananthapuram, Prof Chandrika, Govt MCH, Palakkad; Prof Abha Singh, LHMC, Delhi; Prof Asmita Rathore, Maulana Azad MCH, Delhi; Prof Vinita Das, KGMC, Lucknow; Prof Nisha Rani Agrawal, BHU, Banaras; Prof Geeta, GMC, Haldwani; Prof N Palaniappan, SRMC, Chennai; Prof Sujatha, JSS MCH, Mysuru; Prof Ravi Gowda, JJM MCH, Davangere; Prof Girija MK, BR Ambedkar MCH, Bengaluru; Prof Dharma Vijay, MVJ MCH, Bengaluru; Prof Rajini Uday, MS Ramaiah MCH, Bengaluru; Prof Dhanjaya, Sri Siddartha MCH, Tumakuru; Prof Savitha C, Bangalore MCH & Research Institute, Bengaluru; Prof Shridhar Venkatesh, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru; Prof Kamal P Patil, JN MCH, Belagavi; Prof MM Umadi, BIMS, Belagavi; Prof Asha Neravi, SDM Institute of Medical Sciences, Dharwad; Prof Vidya A Thobbi, Al-Ameen MCH, Vijayapura; Prof Muralidhar Pai, Kasturba MCH, Manipal; Prof PA Uikey, IGGMC, Nagpur; Prof Sarita Agrawal, AIIMS, Raipur; Prof K Pushpalatha, AIIMS, Bhopal; Prof Rekha Sapkal, Peoples MCH, Bhopal; Prof Aruna Kumar, GMC, Bhopal; Prof Nilufar Sultana, Dhaka MCH, Dhaka; Prof Fatema Ashraf, Shaheed Suhrawardy MCH, Nepal; Prof Bekha Mana, Institute of Medicine, Nepal; Prof Kavita, Government MCH, Ludhiana; Prof Alauddin and Prof S Choudhury, Midnapore MCH; Prof Soubhagya Kr Jena, AIIMS, Bhubaneswar; Prof Meenakshi Chauhan, IPGMER, Rhotak; Prof B Sil and Dr Chatterjee, Murshidabad MCH, WB; Prof Sunesh Kumar, AIIMS, Delhi; Prof Tusar Kar, SCB MCH, Cuttack; Prof Apurva Bhattacharya, JORHAT MCH, Assam; Prof Manidip Pal, Kalyani MCH, WB; Prof P Sengupta, BMCH, Bardhaman, and Prof N Arora, ESI MCH, Joka, Kolkata; Prof Panchanan Das, Tezpur MCH and Dr Monidipa Roy, Barpeta, MCH, Assam.
I am specially indebted to my esteemed colleagues, the beloved residents of the Dept. of Obst & Gyne and the faculties of the Dept of Radiology, AGMC, Agartala, Tripura, India for their all round support to enrich this edition.
I would like to extend my thanks to the readers, including the residents and students, who have contacted me with suggestions and seeking clarifications through e-mails. Their inputs have been invaluable and much appreciated. I wish I could mention their names individually.
I am grateful to many colleagues, who have generously provided few of the illustrations and photographs. They are duly acknowledged.
I sincerely thank Dr A Ray, Professor (Rtd) for his professional guidance and suggestions. I am extremely grateful to Mrs Madhusri Konar, MA, BEd for all her insightful secretarial accomplishments in support of the book through eight edition.
I gratefully acknowledge the help of especially Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Managing Director), Mr MS Mani (Group President), Dr Madhu Choudhary (Publishing Head–Education), Ms Pooja Bhandari (Production Head), Ms Sunita Katla (Executive Assistant to Group Chairman and Publishing Manager), Mr Rajesh Sharma (Production Coordinator) of Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi for their all-round support as and when needed.
I wish to thank Ms Seema Dogra (Cover Visualizer), Mr Ajeet Rathore (Typesetter), Ms Geeta Rani and Mr Laxmidhar Padhiary (Proofreaders) and Mr Ankush Sharma (Graphic Designer), who worked in this project.
Dr Madhu Choudhary (Publishing Head–Education) needs special appreciation for her endless support and expertise in shaping and collation to bring out this enlarged and eighth edition.
I acknowledge the support of MD Jakir Hossain, who diligently and expertly worked with me to accomplish the final phase of the eighth edition of this book.
Lastly, I am grateful to all who have taught me, most of all the patients and my beloved students.
I do hope this comprehensive Dutta's Textbook of Gynecology will continue to be an essential educational resource to the readers as ever.
Hiralal Konar
Abbreviations
ACOG
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
ADD
Androstenedione
AFS
American Fertility Society
AGC
Atypical Glandular Cells
AH
Assisted Hatching
AI
Anal Incontinence
AID
Artificial Insemination Donor
AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
AIS
Adenocarcinoma In Situ
AMH
Anti-Müllerian Hormone
ART
Assisted Reproductive Technology
ASC-US
Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance
ASRM
American Society of Reproductive Medicine
AUB
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
BMD
Bone Mineral Density
BMI
Body Mass Index
BOC
Breast Ovarian Cancer
BSE
Breast Self-examination
BUN
Blood Urea Nitrogen
BV
Bacterial Vaginosis
CAD
Coronary Artery Disease
CAM
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
CBE
Clinical Breast Examination
CC
Clomiphene Citrate
CCNS
Cell Cycle Nonspecific Agents
CDC
Center for Disease Control and Prevention
CEA
Carcinoma Embryonic Antigen
CECT
Contrast Enhanced Computed Tomography
CEE
Conjugated Equine Estrogen
CGIN
Cervical Glandular Intraepithelial Neoplasia
CIN
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
CIS
Carcinoma In Situ
CNB
Core Needle Biopsy
COCS
Combined Oral Contraceptives
COS
Controlled Ovarian Stimulation
COX
Cyclooxygenase
CPT
Complete Perineal Tear
CRH
Corticotropin Releasing Hormone
CTU
Computed Tomography Urogram
CUSA
Cavitational Ultrascan and Surgical Aspiration
D&C
Dilatation and Curettage
DES
Diethylstilbestrol
DEXA
Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry
DMPA
Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate
DO
Detrusor Overactivity
DSD
Disorders of Sexual Development
DUB
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
EAS
External Anal Sphincter
EB
Endometrial Biopsy
EBRT
External Beam Radiation Therapy
ECC
Endocervical Curettage
EIN
Endometrial Intraepithelial Neoplasia
EMI
Endometrial-myometrial Interface
FDG
18F-fluoro-2 deoxyglucose
FIGO
International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics
FNAC
Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology
FRAX
Fracture Risk Assessment Tool
FSH
Follicle-stimulating Hormone
GABA
g-aminobutyric Acid
GHRH
Growth Hormone-releasing Hormone
GIFT
Gamete Intrafallopian Transfer
GnRH
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone
GSI
Genuine Stress Incontinence
GTD
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease
GTN
Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
GTT
Glucose Tolerance Test
HAART
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy
HAIR-AN
Hyperandrogenism Insulin Resistance-Acanthosis Nigricans
HGSOC
High Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
HMB
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding
HMG
Human MenopausalGonadotropins
HNPCC
Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer
HPO
Hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian
HPV
Human Papilloma Virus
HR HPV
High-risk Human Papilloma Virus
HSDD
Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder
HSG
Hysterosalpingography
HSIL
High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion
HSV
Herpes Simplex Virus
HT
Hormone Therapy
IAS
Internal Anal Sphincter
ICSI
Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
ICS
International Continence Society
IGF-BP
Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein
IGF
Insulin-like Growth Factor
IMRT
Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy
IR
Insulin Resistance
ISSVD
International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Diseases
IUCD
Intrauterine Contraceptive Device
IUD
Intrauterine Device
IUI
Intrauterine Insemination
IVD
Intravenous Drug Abuser
IVF-ET
In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer
IVM
In Vitro Maturation
IVP
Intravenous Pyelogram
IVU
Intravenous Urography
JZ
Junctional Zone
LAM
Lactional Amenorrhea Method
LAM
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
LARC
Long Acting Reversible Contraceptive
LAVH
Laparoscopically Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy
LBC
Liquid-based Cytology
LH
Luteinizing Hormone
LHRH
Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone
LMS
Leiomyosarcoma
LNG-IUS
Levonorgestrel Intrauterine System
LOD
Laparoscopic Ovarian Drilling
LPD
Luteal Phase Defect
LRHPV
Low-risk Human Papillomavirus
LSIL
Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion
LUF
Luteinized Unruptured Follicle
LUNA
Laparoscopic Uterine Nerve Ablation
MAS
Minimally Access Surgery
MCP-1
Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1
MDCT
Multidetector Computed Tomography
MESA
Microsurgical Epididymal Sperm Aspiration
MGY
Mammography
MI
Maturation Index
MIS
Minimally Invasive Surgery
MMMT
Malignant Mixed Müllerian Tumors
MRgFUS
Magnetic Resonance Guided Focused Ultrasound
MRI
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MRKH
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser
MRSA
Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus Aureus
MSH
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone
NAAT
Nucleic Acid Amplication Testing
NACT
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
NNRTI
Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
NRTI
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
NSAIDS
Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
NSV
No Scalpel Vasectomy
OAB
Overactive Bladder
OER
Oxygen Enhancement Ratio
OGN
Oestrogen
OHSS
Ovarian HyperstimulationSyndrome
OMI
Oocyte Maturation Inhibition
PAF
Platelet Activating Factor
PALM-
Polyps, Adenomyosis, Leiomyoma, Malignancy-COEIN Coagulopathy, Ovulatory Disorders, Endometrial Causes, Iatrogenic, Not Classified
PBS
Painful Bladder Syndrome
PCOS
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
PCT
Postcoital Test
PDGF
Platelet Derived Growth Factor
PDT
Photodynamic Therapy
PESA
Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration
PET
Positron Emission Tomography
PGD
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
PGN
Progesterone
PID
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
PMDD
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
PMS
Premenstrual Syndrome
POD
Pouchof Douglas
POP-Q
Pelvic Organ Prolapse-Quantification
POP
Pelvic Organ Prolapse
POST
Peritoneal Oocyte and Sperm Transfer
PSI
Prostaglandin Synthetase Inhibitors
PTH
Parathyroid Hormone
RAIR
Rectoanal Inhibitory Reflex
RANZCOG
Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
RNTCP
Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program
RU 486
Mifepristone
RVF
Rectovaginal Fistula
RVS
Rectovaginal Septum
SCCA
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen
SCJ
Squamocolumnar Junction
SCMCT
Sperm Cervical Mucus Contact Test
SDs
Standard Deviations
SERMs
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
SHBG
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin
SIS
Saline Infusion Sonography
SLN
Sentinel Lymph Node
SSI
Surgical Site Infections
SSRI
SelectiveSerotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
STD
Sexually Transmitted Disease
STIC
Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma
SUI
Stress Urinary Incontinence
SUZI
Subzonal Insemination
TAS
Transabdominal Sonography
TDF
Testicular Determining Factor
TENS
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation
TESE
Testicular Sperm Extraction
TO Mass
Tubo-overian Mass
TOT
Trans Obturator Tape
TPHA
Treponema Pallidum Hemagglutination
TPI
Treponema Pallidum Immobilization
TPJ
Tubal Peritoneal Junction
TV-CDS
Transvaginal Color Doppler Sonography
TVS
Transvaginal Sonography
TVT
Tension-free Vaginal Tape
TZ
Transformation Zone
UAE
Uterine Artery Embolization
UTI
Urinary Tract Infections
VAIN
Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia
VCU
Videocystourethrography
VIN
Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia
VVF
Vesicovaginal Fistula
WHO
World Health Organization
ZIFT
Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer