DC Dutta’s Textbook of Gynecology Hiralal Konar, DC Dutta
INDEX
Page numbers followed by f refer to figure, t refer to table, and fc refer to flowchart.
3-androstenadiol-glucuronide (3-AG) 482
5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) 433t
5-reductase 371
A
Abdomen, X-ray 467
Abdominal examination 82
Abdominal pain 255
cyclic 34
differential diagnosis 109
in ectopic pregnancy 466
in PID 112
lump 478
Abdominopelvic lump 478
causes of 480
Abnormal discharge, causes of 463
Abnormal menopause 52
Abnormal uterine bleeding 99t, 108t, 324f, 521, 523
Abnormal vaginal discharge 463, 465
causes of 463fc
life table of 464
Abortion
anatomical factors 228
recurrent spontaneous 400
Abscess
pelvic 143
tubo-ovarian 99, 467t
Acanthosis nigricans 216, 216t,
Acetaminophen 473
Acetowhite changes, cervix 409, 410
Acetylcholine 332
Acne 445t, 450t, 461
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 128, 131, 407t
risk factors for 127t
Actinomycin 308, 321
Actinomycosis 139t
Activin 56
Acute infection syndrome 127
Acyclovir 127
Adenocarcinoma
cervix 285
clear cell (adeno) carcinoma 284
endometrial 298
ovary 311
vulvar 279
Adenocarcinoma-in situ (AIS)
vulva (Paget's disease) 215, 267
Adenoma malignum 285
Adenoma, pituitary 384
Adenomyosis 467, 467t, 478, 478t, 469
Adenosis, vaginal 459
Adenyl cyclase 57
Adhesiolysis 204, 205
laparoscopic 516f
Adhesions, chlamydial infections 124
Adiana 424
Adjuvant chemotherapy 318, 320
Adjuvant therapy 201, 204
Adnexal disease 302
Adnexal mass 479, 480
evaluation of 479
management of 479
Adolescents 148, 422, 458
menstrual disorders 148t
neoplasm 474
obesity 461
STIs 460
Adrenal cortex 378
androgen 451
androgen-secreting tumors 228
Adrenal dysfunction 190
Adrenal glands 39, 63, 481
Adrenal hyperplasia 486
congenital 200t, 368
late onset, 392
Adrenarche 39
Adrenocortical hormones 452
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) 59, 482, 483
Adrenogenital syndrome 368
Adult body hair 482
Adult breast
anatomy of 471
structure of 472f
Advanced ovarian
cancer, primary chemotherapy for 319
malignancy 314f
Advanced vulvar cancer 282
Age, gynecological problems 455, 458
Albright syndrome 41
Alkylating agents 431, 435t, 439
Allergy dermatitis 464
Allis tissue forceps 535, 535f
Alopecia 388t, 486
Alpha fetoprotein 322
Alzheimer's disease 341t
Amastia 473
Ambiguous genitalia 372
Ambulatory monitoring 337
Amenorrhea 190, 260t, 376, 484, 487
causes 371, 378t
classification 376, 376fc
hyperprolactinemic 395
hypothalamic 390
in hypothalamic-pituitary disorders 391
in ovary failure 395
investigations 386, 387
lactational 478
management 395, 380
pathological 377
pathophysiology of 486
physiological 376
postpill 393
primary 322, 373t, 377, 380t, 381t, 382t
definition 377
secondary 383, 481f
weight related 390
anorexia nervosa 390
American Fertility Society Classification for Endometriosis, Revised 257t
Aminoglutethimide 395
Amnion, vaginoplasty 35
Amputation of cervix 181t, 492
Anal canal 12
Anal incontinence 15t, 359t
Analgesia
patient-controlled (PCA) 491
postoperative 512
Analgesics, in urinary tract 343
Analogs GnRH 441
Anastrozole 258, 260t
Ancillary instruments 513f
Androblastoma 41t, 241t, 322, 324
Androgen insensitivity syndrome 38, 43t, 367, 370
Androgen 482
binding proteins 189
excess 483
Androgen(s) 47, 61, 444, 474, 476t
hirsutism/virilization 473
therapy 474fc
excess 380
Android obesity 483
Android pelvis 335
Androstenedione 39, 47
Anemia, cytotoxic drug therapy 426t
Aneuploidy 272t
Anorexia nervosa 212, 383
Anosmia 191, 390
Anovular menstruation 77
Anovulation 190
causes of 190
Anteflexion of uterus 6, 8
Anterior colporrhaphy 174t
Anterior vaginal wall 170, 305f
lower-third of 170
Anteversion of uterus 8
Anteverted uterus, displacement of 166f
Antiandrogens 450, 451, 485, 486, 487
in hirsutism 477
Antibiotics
in bacterial vaginosis 125
in chlamydial infection 123
in gonococcal infections 122
in PID 110, 112
in syphilis 122
in urinary tract infections 339
prophylactic preoperative use 481
Anticholinergic drugs, in incontinence 342t
Anticonvulsants 469
Antiemetic therapy 433
Antiestrogens 440
Antigonadotropin 445
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) 28, 31
Antiprogesterone (RU 486) 414
Antiretroviral therapy, highly active 129
Antisperm antibodies 198, 199, 205, 211
in cervical mucus tests 198
management 205
Antituberculous chemotherapy 118
Aortic lymphadenectomy 293
Apareunia 191, 477
Aphthous ulcer 213
Arcuate arteries 20
Argon laser 103t
Aromatase inhibitors 232
Arrhenoblastoma 324
Artificial insemination 205
donor 193, 206
Artificial urinary sphincter 333
Ascites 313
ovarian tumors 242, 243, 244, 249t, 324
Ascitic fluid 317
Asherman's syndrome 384
Aspermia 192
Aspiration biopsy 299
Assisted hatching 210
Assisted reproduction 443
Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) 194, 206, 206t, 199, 211
cycle 207
Asthenospermia 199
Asthenozoospermia 190, 192
Asymptomatic bacteriuria 345
Athelia 473
Atrophic endometritis 138
Atrophic vaginitis 133, 136
Autocrine 440
Autoimmunity
in endometriosis 253
ovarian failure 389
Auvard's speculum 529f
Axillary nodes 471
Azithromycin 123t, 363t
Azole group 136
Azoospermia 190, 192, 206t
AZT (zidovudine) 129
B
Backache 77, 166, 359t, 470
Bacterial vaginosis 125, 131, 137
Bacteriuria, asymptomatic 345
Bacteroides 132, 144
Baden-Walker halfway system 171
Bariatric surgery 203, 205
obesity 205
Barium enema 315
Barr body 92, 368
Bartholin's abscess 133
Bartholin's cyst 133, 133f, 146
Bartholin's duct, excision of 146
Bartholin's gland 132
abscess 122
anatomy 2
carcinoma 282
cyst 477
excision of 146
infections of 132
lymphatic drainage 24
Bartholinitis 121, 124
acute 132
recurrent 133
Basal body temperature 194
Basal cell
carcinoma 282
vulvar carcinoma 284
Basal lung atelectasis 519
Behavioral therapy 341, 477
Behcet's disease 216
Bethesda classification 278
Bethesda system 90, 91, 528
Bicornuate uterus 36f, 37, 150t, 560f
Bimanual examination (palpation) 85
Bimanual pelvic examination 464
Biodegradable, contraceptives 423
Biofeed back therapy 338
Biopsy 522
open 476
Biopsy, cervix 487
Biphasic basal body temperature chart 195f
Biphosphonates 50
Bipolar coagulation 519
Bipolar electrosurgery 514
Birth defects 210
Bladder injury, repair 185
Bladder 173, 331, 346
base rocks 334
detrusor 344
diary 336
drill 342
dysfunction 292
injury 185
muscles 331
radiographic tracing of 334f
retraining 342, 348
Bladder, urinary 11
Bladder-neck 331, 332, 334
suspension, laparoscopic 339
Blastocyst 208f
Bleeding per vagina 469
Bleomycin 321
Blood supply
pelvic organs 3, 5, 7, 8, 10
Blood 143, 466, 468
borne 327, 329
universal 129
vessels 519
Bloody nipple discharge, causes of 480
Blunt tipped needles, use of 129
Boari flap procedure 356
Body fluid precautions 129
Body image, altered 390
Body mass index (BMI) 82, 192, 461, 484
obesity weight 461, 461t, 483
Body surface area 569
Bone mineral density (BMD) 47
Bonney's hood operation 507, 507f
Bonney's method 181
Bonney's myomectomy hood/clamp 506
Borderline epithelial tumors, ovary 250
Botryoides, sarcoma 329
Brachytherapy 293
different methods of 294f
principles of 293
techniques 293t
Brachytherapy 426
afterloading system 426
interstitial 426
in vaginal cancer 284
in vulvar cancer 282
intracavitary 426
in cervical cancer 293
in endometrial cancer 301
BRCA1 gene 310, 316, 249t
BRCA2 gene 316, 249t
Breakthrough bleeding (BTB) 409
Breast cancer 474, 475f
breast imaging 474
etiology/risk factors 474t
familial genetics 474t
risk after HRT 51
screening guidelines 474
screening women at risk 476
staging 476
Breast carcinoma 480
diagnostic methods for 474
factors for 474
high risk factors for 474
screening for 480
Breast 471
accessory 472
asymmetry of 473f
biopsy 475, 476
disorders, benign 473
hypertrophy of 472f
imaging 474, 475
lump, evaluation of 474
magnetic resonance imaging of 475f
pain 473
sampling 476
self-examination 474, 475
small 472
tissue 475f
Breastfeeding
contraceptive effects 422
in HIV infection 127
Breastfeeding, avoiding 129
Breasts 471
abnormalities of development 472
accessory 472
anatomy 471, 472
asymmetry 472
at puberty 371
biopsy 475
examination 475
fibroadenoma 474
fibrocystic disease 476
hypertrophy 472f
in menopause 47
nipple discharge 476
self-examination 474t, 475
Brenner tumors 239
Broad ligament
anatomy 16
cyst 505f
fibroid 358, 471
Bromocriptine 395, 473, 487
cabergoline 201
Bulky tumor 294
Burch colposuspension 184, 338, 339f
Burch operation 339f
Burning vulva syndrome 219
Burns, electrosurgery causing 514
Burst abdomen 543
Buserelin 232
for uterine fibroid 232
in endometriosis 232
C
CA 125, serum 249t, 459
Cabergoline 199, 201, 487
Cachexia 290
Calcitonin 50, 63
Call-Exner bodies 323, 323f
Canal of Nuck, cysts of 217
Cancer cells 286
Cancer cervix 284
surgical staging of 287
Cancer, gene therapy 439
Candida albicans 89, 106, 122t, 134, 135, 146, 464
physical appearance of 135f
Candida vaginitis 135
risk factors for 136t
Cannula 513, 513f
Capronor 423
Carbon dioxide laser 275
Carbon dioxide 521
embolism 519
Carbon dioxide, in laparoscopy 102
Carboplatin 292t, 302, 318, 318t, 326, 327
Carcinoid tumor, ovary 244, 554
Carcinoma
cervix 22, 155t, 575, 557t
endometrium 300t
fallopian tube 327
in situ 91, 91f
ovary 433t
stump 296
vagina 283
vulva 469, 558f
Carcinoma cervix 284, 285, 294, 297
management of 290, 291t, 292t
staging of 288f
therapy for 295
treatment modalities of 291
Carcinoma 173
advanced 289
body 136, 303
clitoris 280f
endometrium, treatment modalities of 301
late 289
ovary 311f
prognosis of 296
secondary 330
Carcinosarcoma 328
Carcinosarcoma, uterine 499t, 470, 330
Cardinal ligaments 17, 498t
Cardiopulmonary disorders 523
Caruncle, urethral 155t, 470
Carunculae myrtiformes 2
Catheter infection 345
Catheter 236f
Catheterization 89f
CD4+ T lymphocytes, HIV infection 127
CECT 392f, 467
Cell cycle 430, 431f
Cell kinetics 430
Cellular mitotic activity 312f
Cellular tissues, in pelvic 17
Centchroman 410
Cervical
cancer 286f, 523
cytology screening 129
discharge 468
ectopy 289
factor 191, 197, 204
fibroid polyp 186f
malignancy, ulcerative type of 287f
management of 291
mucus study 195
recurrent 294, 296
scrape cytology 137
squamous cell carcinoma, exophytic type of 292f
staging of 286
stenosis 523
tuberculosis 289
Cervical carcinoma 438t
CIN 270t, 271
FIGO staging 281t
screening 287, 290
treatment 290
microinvasive disease 291t
Cervical cytology 90, 271fc
Cervical dilator 531
Cervical hostility 201, 447
Cervical mucus 205t, 206t, 447
Cervicitis 137
acute 137
chronic 137, 478
Cervicography 273, 528
Cervicopexy (sling) 174t, 184, 187, 502
Cervival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 268
Cervix
amputation 497
anatomy 7
biopsy 289
cauterization 139
cervical carcinoma 280, 547
complications 285
conization 495
cyst 221
diagnosis 221
dilatation 492
dysplasia 268
ectopy 220
ectropion 221
elongation 222
fibroid 226
incidence 226
LARVT 295
mucous 137, 164
smear 96, 213, 528
stump 499
tear 221
tuberculosis 119
Cervix 136, 172
amputation of 180
carcinoma of 295, 296
congenital elongation of 175
during hysterectomy, removal of 290
squamous cell carcinoma of 285f
unilateral tear of 138f
uteri, carcinoma of 287t
Cesium 137, 293, 426, 426t
Chancroid 124, 131
Chemical irritation 466
Chemoprevention 316
Chemoradiation therapy 282
postoperative adjuvant 294
Chemoradiation 295
Chemotherapeutic agents 329
Chemotherapy 282, 302, 318, 322, 326
alkaloids 432
alkylating agents 431, 433t
antibiotics 125
antimetabolites 431, 433t
biological 436
combination 318, 327
courses of 308
dosage 433t
drugs and doses of 321t
hormones 453f
platinum 431
single agent 431
taxanes 432, 434t
toxicity 433t
Childbirth trauma 335
Chlamydia 85, 96, 102f, 106, 107, 109, 144
trachomatis 132, 137, 138, 140, 189
Chlorambucil 427t, 429t
Chocolate cysts, ovarian 255
Chorioadenoma destruens 304
Choriocarcinoma 216t, 229t, 241t, 303305, 305f, 306f
Chorionic gonadotropains 305, 376
Chromopertubation 197
laparoscopic 197f
Cisplatin 282, 295, 302, 318, 318t, 319, 321, 321t, 326, 429t
Clear cell adenocarcinoma 283, 284, 298t, 311t
Clinical breast examination 474, 475
Clinical stress test 336
Clitoris 1
Cloaca 11, 13, 26
Clomiphene citrate 201
Clomiphene 200t, 201, 202
Cloquet's lymph node 22
Clostridium perfringens 144
Clue cells 126, 126f, 131
Coasting 443, 564
Coffee bean nuclei 323
Cogwheel sign 141
Coital infection, prophylaxis of 345
Coital problems 189, 199
Coitus
injury 346
interruptus 421
vulvar/vaginal trauma 358
Colles’ fractures 49
Color Doppler ultrasound 98
Color thickness mapping 170
Colorectal cancer 310
hereditary nonpolyposis (HNPCC) 297
Colpocleisis 174t, 183
Colpomicroscope 93
Colpoperineorrhaphy 174t, 177, 180, 181
Colpopexy 181
Colporrhaphy
anterior 176, 177f, 180, 181, 181t
posterior 177
steps of anterior 177f
Colposcopy 93, 272, 272f
cervix 272
method 93
terminology 94t
vagina 93
vulva 93
Colposuspension 338, 339f
Colpotomy, posterior 111, 143
Combined oral contraceptive 303
pills 316, 468
Common adnexal masses 479
Complete perineal tear 351
Computed tomography (CT) 355, 379f, 467
Condom, use of 290
Condyloma accuminata 129, 131, 281
Condylomata acuminata 106, 132
Cone biopsy 495
knife 495
laser 497, 498
Cone biopsy, complications of 295
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) 38, 384, 392, 484
Congenital anomalies, genital organs 32
Congenital prolapse 171, 184
Consent, informed 489
Conservative surgery 186
Contact dermatitis 464
Continence 334
stress, mechanism of 335
Contraception, barrier method of 131
Contraceptive effectiveness chart 398
Contraceptive pill 485
Contraceptives 398
barrier methods, 420
centchroman 410
condom
female 420 male 420
copper T 399t
diaphragm 421
emergency contraception 412
fertility awareness based 422
implanon 399t
injectable steroids 422
IUCDs 156
LNG-IUS 52, 449, 562
methods 399
mini pill 410
morning after pill 412
multiload 393
natural 422
nestorone 449t
norplant 422
postcoital 423
prescription 424
progestasert 399
progestin-only pill 410
saheli 410
sponge (Today) 420
sterilization 414
laparoscopic 410
no-scalpel 415
tubectomy 416
vasectomy 406
steroidal 398
triphasic 403
Contralateral ovary 313, 316
Controlled ovarian stimulation 207
coasting 443
protocols 207
super ovulation 207, 443
Core needle biopsy 476
Cornett sign 466, 467, 471
Corona radiata 68, 70
Coronary artery disease 53, 388t
Corpus albicans 71
Corpus cancer syndrome 297, 303
Corpus luteum 58, 59, 61, 188
insufficiency 211
Corticosteroid therapy 451, 489
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) 55
Corynebacterium parvum 319
Counseling 50,
Couple counseling 194, 198
Couple instruction 202
Craniopharyngioma 378, 383t
Crohn's disease 215
Cryopreservation 206
Cryoprobe 497f, 544
Cryosurgery 221, 277
Cryotherapy 274, 544
Cryptomenorrhea 32, 34, 344t
Cryptorchidism 189t, 441
CT scan 100
Culdocentesis 140t, 532
Culdoplasty (McCall) 174
Culdoscopy 102t
Curettage, uterine 116, 161
Cusco's bivalve speculum 89, 93
Cushing's disease 484
Cushing's syndrome/disease 392
Cycle
endometrial 72
ovarian 75
Cyclofem 423
Cyclophosphamide 307t, 308, 308t, 321
Cyproterone acetate (CPA) 449t, 451, 485
Cyst aspiration 479
Cystectomy 479
Cystic glandular hyperplasia 157
Cystitis 181t, 343, 345
Cystocele 15t, 170, 171f, 173, 174f, 175, 186, 336
Cystometry 336, 336t, 337, 341343, 347
normal findings in 337
Cystoscopy 337, 351t
Cystourethrocele 174
Cystourethrography, lateral 342
Cystourethroscopy 336, 341, 342
Cysts (see also individual organs)
cervical 221
chocolate 254f
dermoid 243
follicular 239, 462
lutein 240
nabothian 221
ovarian 479
parovarian 250
vaginal 219
vulva 217
Cytobrush 527, 527f
Cytokines 436
Cytology, cervical, vaginal 89
Cytoreductive surgery 318
maximum 318
secondary 319
Cytotoxic drugs (chemotherapy) 302
Cytotrophoblast cells 305f
D
da Vinci system robot 520f
Dalpingitis isthmica nodosa 142f
Danazol 232t, 259, 473
Day surgery 490
Day-to-day physical activity 519
DDAVP (desmopressin) 161
Debulking surgery 318, 326
Decubitus ulcer 155t, 172
Deep inguinal lymph node 22, 280
Defeminization 324
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) 45, 481
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) 481, 482
Delayed puberty 43, 43t
Dementia 48
Depo-provera (depot medroxyprogester-one acetate) 435t
Depression 151t, 160t, 434t
Dermoid cyst 243, 243t
Dermoid cyst, sebum in 143
Desogestrel 406t
Detorsion of adnexa 247
Detrusor overactivity 341, 348
Development
female genital organs 28
Dexamethasone suppression test 452
Dexamethasone 485
Diabetes insipidus 395
Diagnostic hysteroscopy, indications of 521
Diagnostic procedures 88
Diaphragm, pelvic 13
Diathermy 389f
bipolar 518
monopolar 505
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) 35, 283
Digital mammography 475
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) 371, 386
Dilatation 492
curettage 492
DNA, HPV 270
insufflation 494
Dilators, cervical 494
Discharge, vaginal 457, 458t
abnormal 463
normal 463
Discus proligerus 69, 70
Distal fimbrial obstruction 141
Distal tubal block 203
Distal urethra 332
Distension media 523
Docetaxel (taxanes) 318
Docetaxel 318
Doderlein's bacillus 5
Donor insemination 211
Donovan bodies 125, 131
Donovania granulomatis 131
Dopamine
agonists 382
antagonists 384
Doppler ultrasound 479
Douglas, pouch of 6f, 16
Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) 434t
Doxorubicin 302
Drapings 490
Drospirenone 406t, 449t, 485t
Drug sensitivity test 143
Drug therapy 342, 485
Drugs
hirsutism-inducing 483
hyperprolactinemia due to 387
male infertility due to 189t
masculinization of female fetus by 259
resistance 431
voiding disorders caused by 348
DVT 51t, 489, 502
Dydrogesterone 149t
Dye test 194
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding 156, 181
Dysgerminoma cells 320, 321f, 322, 326
Dysgerminoma 241t, 304
Dyskaryosis 90, 91f 528
Dysmenorrhea 147
congestive 149
etiology 147
ovarian 150
primary (spasmodic) 147, 148t
treatment 148
unilateral 150t
Dysmenorrhea 467
Dyspareunia 166, 181t, 185, 191t, 477
causes of superficial 477
Dysplasia, cervical 96
Dystrophies, vulvar 213
Dysuria 346
E
Early carcinoma 287
Early malignancy, clinical features of 474
Ectocervix 285
Ectodermal thickening 471
Ectopic pregnancy 466, 468
Ectropion 137
Ectropion, cervix 221
Efavirenz 129
Eflornithine 485
Ejaculation
premature 189
retrograde 189t, 199
Ejaculation, retrograde 199
Electrocardiography, preoperative 480
Electrocautery, cervix 544f
Electrocoagulation 514
Electrolysis 485
Elephantiasis vulva 217
Elongation, cervix 533
EMA-CO regimen 307
Embolism, carbon dioxide 502
Embolotherapy 233
Embryo
cryopreservation 206t, 210
donation 209
transfer 206, 208, 209
Embryo or oocyte donation 209
Embryonal carcinoma 322
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma 329
Empiric therapy 145
Encephalitis 41
Encysted peritonitis 478
Endo GIA stapling devices 506
Endoanal 98, 360, 360f
Endocervical carcinoma 294
Endocervical infection 137
Endocervix 139, 146
infections of 137
Endocrine 189
Endocrinopathy 197
Endodermal sinus tumor 321, 326
Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk-sac) 241t
Endometrial ablation 161
complications 162
endometrial preparation for 161
indications 161
microwave 161
novasure 161
rollerball technique 162
thermal balloon 162
Endometrial ablation 522
Endometrial adenocarcinoma 302t
Endometrial biopsy 95, 195, 299, 468, 470
Endometrial cancer 300, 303
distribution of 300t
prognosis of 303
risk factors for 299t
Endometrial carcinoma 297, 298, 298t
diagnosis/investigation 299
diagnosis of 299, 303
etiology 297
management 300
surgery 300
tamoxifen therapy 302
type of 297f
woman with 302
Endometrial carcinoma, prognostic index for 302t
Endometrial hyperplasia 297
Endometrial polyps 205
Endometrial resection 522
Endometrial sampling 94
Endometrial stromal tumors 328
Endometrioid carcinoma 326
Endometriosis 191, 204, 208, 467, 468, 471, 478
Endometriosis 252
clinical features 255
definition 252
endocrinopathy 197
endometriomas 261
etiology 248
pathology 254
scoring AFS 257t
sites 252t
treatment 256
Endometritis 138
acute 138
chronic 138
senile 138
treatment of 138
Endometrium 138, 188
adenocarcinoma of 298f
carcinoma of 138, 300t
histology of 138
transcervical resection of 523
Endometrium 6
biopsy 95
carcinoma 292
cyclic changes 72
hyperplasia 155t, 157
polyp 235
stromal sarcoma 328f, 329, 329
Endopelvic fascia 168, 169t
Endorphins 55, 151
Endoscopic bladder neck suspension 340
Endoscopic surgery 512
Endoscopy 524
Endoscopy, in gynecology 102
Enseal vessel fusion 515
Enterocele 15t, 170, 174, 175f, 177, 187
abdominal repair of 179
repair of 178
repair operation, steps of 179f
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 128
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) 224
Epigastric artery, inferior 518f
Epimenorrhea 155
Epithelial ovarian cancer 318, 320t
management of 316
primary prevention of 316
prognosis of 326
Epithelial ovarian tumor 311t
Epithelioid trophoblastic tumor 304
Epoophoron 27t
Erosion cervix 529
Erythromycin, in pelvic infections 120, 125
Escherichia coli 132
Essure 101
Estrogen 323, 338
replacement therapy 297
stimulation 297
Estrogen(s) 46, 59, 439
contraindication 440t
therapy 42
Ethinylestradiol 405, 439
in emergency contraception 399
in oral contraceptives 399
Etoposide 308, 308t, 321
Eversion 137
Examination of patient 80
abdominal 81
anesthesia, under 103
bimanual 85
breasts 81
clinical 80
digital 85
pelvic 83
rectal 86
rectovaginal 87
speculum 83
urine 88
vaginal 83
Examination under anesthesia 315
cervical cancer 280
fistula 345
Excess androgen, source of 487
Exenteration, pelvic 284
Exfoliated cells 313
External genitalia 32
Extrafascial hysterectomy 301
Extraperitoneal insufflation 519
F
Facial hirsutism 483f
Fallope 417
Fallopian tube 139
anatomy 8
and ovaries 466
carcinoma 321, 327
infection 114, 138
insufflation 486
ligation 406
primary carcinoma of 330
secondary 327
sperm perfusion 206
Falloposcopy 102t, 103, 197, 559
Familial breast/ovarian cancer
genetics 304, 430, 467, 544
Familial cancer syndrome 317, 326
Family planning
natural 413
Fascia
endopelvic 17
fecundability 186
pubocervical 18
Fecundability 188
Fecundity 188
Female infertility 199, 200fc
causes of 190, 190f
Female sexual dysfunction 480
Feminizing tumors of the ovary 383t, 554
Fenton's operation 205
Fern test 93
Ferriman-Gallwey scoring system 483
Fertility awareness method 398
Fertility 128
drugs and cancer 210
sparing
surgery 295, 319
therapy 302
Fertilization 207
Fertilization, in vitro 204
Fibroadenoma 474
Fibroid (fibromyoma, myoma) 221
broad ligament 222fc, 539f
capsule 223
cervical 223, 539f
clinical features 224
complications 226t
degenerations 224
diagnosis 226, 503f, 552t
histology 221
incidence 221
myomectomy 229, 498, 513
polyps 231
secondary changes 224
treatment 227
types 222
wandering 222
Fibroid 297, 478
polyp 175, 186, 289
sarcomatous change of 328
uterus 208
Fibroma 322, 323, 326
Fibroplant 404
Fibrosarcoma 283
FIGO staging 557
cervical cancer 282
endometrial cancer 295
gestational trophoblastic tumor 302
ovarian cancer 307
vaginal cancer 279
vulvar cancer 276
Filshie clip 101, 417t, 418t
Fimbrial cyst 37f, 546f
Fimbrial epithelium 313f
Fimbrial phimosis 204f
Fimbriolysis 203
Fimbrioplasty 204t, 204, 204f
Finasteride 485
Finasteride, in hirsutism 445, 477
Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) 102, 476
Fistulas
classification 343
rectovaginal 351
surgical repair 346, 347
ureterovaginal 349
urethrovaginal 348
vesicovaginal 343
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome 102f, 107
Flexible telescopes 521
Flora of vagina 5f
Flu like syndrome 127
Fluconazole 135t
Fluoxetine 151t
Flutamide 485
Flutamide, in hirsutism 445, 477
Folinic acid 308
Follicle ovarian
atresia 71
dominant 68
graafian 68
growth 66
ovulation 69
recruitment 68
selection and dominance 68
structures 69
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 188, 376
purified preparation 200, 436
recombinant human 200, 436
Follicular atresia 72
Follicular cyst 239
Follicular growth, monitoring of 207
Forceps 524, 525, 530, 531
dissecting 531f
ovum 525f
sponge holding 524f
uterine dressing 524f
Foreign bodies
uterus 364
vagina 364
Fothergill's operation 180, 181
complications 181, 181t
parts of 187
principle steps of 180f
steps of 181
Fothergill's stitch 181
Fourchette 1
Fractional curettage 299, 470
Frank invasive carcinoma 284
Frankenhauser's plexus 24
Frequency of micturition 341t
treatment 335
Frequency volume chart 336, 341
Frozen embryo transfer 210
Full bladder 478
feature of 478
Functional urinary incontinence 335
Fundal fibroid 185f
Furunculosis 131
G
Gabapentin 50, 469
Galactorrhea 395, 486, 487
pathophysiology of 486
Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) 208
Gamma rays 425
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) 150
Gardnerella vaginalis 106, 122, 125, 131, 266
Gartner's cyst 175f
feature of 175
Gartner's duct cyst of 186f, 218
Gas embolism 519
Gastrectomy 325f
GAX collagen injections, periurethral, 338
Gemcitabine 318
bleomycin 282
Gene and molecular therapy 319
Gene therapy 425
General anesthesia 517
Genetic disorder 190
Genetics, cancer 310, 437
Genital crisis 455t,
Genital hiatus 172
Genital malignancy 279, 480
Genital organs/tract, defense 105
Genital prolapse 170f, 182
clinical types of 170fc
etiology of 186
Genital tract
infections of 128
neoplasms of 128
Genital tubercle 27t
Genital tuberculosis 113, 194
Genital warts 129
Genitalia, external
ambiguous 372
development 26
Genuine stress incontinence 335, 342, 347
diagnosis of 336
surgery for 340
Germ cell
malignancies 320
tumor 322, 326
Germ cell tumor, ovary 241t, 320
Germ cells 67
Gestation sac 516f
Gestational carrier surrogacy 209
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) 303, 306t
classification of 303t
management of 307fc
risk factors of 303t
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia 303, 305, 309
management of 307
recurrence rate of 309
spread of 305
Gestational trophoblastic tumors, anatomic staging for 306
Gestrinone 445
Gilliam's operation 184
Glucocorticoids 485
Glycine 521
GnRH analog 202, 441
agonist 441
antagonists 442, 442t
hazards 442
uses 441
Gompertzian growth 430
Gonad, development 27t
Gonadal dysgenesis 369
Gonadoblastoma 241t, 311t, 322
Gonadotropin 202, 211
contraindications of 202
side effects of 202
therapy 211
use, indications of 202
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) 54, 200t, 202, 384t, 394t, 453
agonists 485
analogs 202, 207, 473
antagonists 202
Gonadotropins 56, 200fc, 441, 442
Gonococcal infection 146
Gonococcus 134, 137
Gonorrhea 121, 144
Goserelin 260t, 431t
Graafian follicle 69f, 70f
Granulation tissues 138
Granuloma inguinale 125, 131
Granulosa cell tumor 41t, 155t, 241t, 322, 323f, 327f, 327, 383t, 438t
pathognomonic of 323
Granulosa cells 58
Granulosa lutein cyst 240
Grasping forceps 513
Grays (Gy) 427
Growth factors
uterine fibroids 225t
Growth hormone (GH) 59, 201, 374, 391, 486
Guidelines 498
Gynandroblastoma 311t, 322, 324
Gynecologic infections 144
Gynecologic inversion 187
Gynecological surgery 128
Gynecology, robotic surgery in 519
GyneFix 423, 424f
Gynoid obesity 483
innervation 11
instability 11
H
11-Hydroxylase deficiency 368
21-Hydroxylase deficiency 372, 373, 392
HAART 129
Haemophilus ducreyi 131
Haemophilus vaginalis 106, 122t, 125
Hair
excessive growth of 481f
removal of 485
type 482
Hair follicle 483
stimulation 483
Hair growth 482
genetic/ethnic influences 475, 476
hormonal influences 475, 476
mechanism of excessive 482
phases of 482
pubic, development 40t
removal 478
HAIR-AN syndrome483
Harmonic scalpel 515, 519
laparoscopic 515f
Haultain's operation 505
Hemangioma 522
Hematometra 523
Hemoperitoneum 466
Hemorrhage 184, 290
secondary 185
Hemostasis 524
methods of 518
Heparin
thromboembolism prophylaxis 481, 494
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) screening 480
HER-2/neu, in ovarian cancer 431t
Herpes genitalis 131
Hereditary breast ovarian cancer syndrome 310
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer 310
Hereditary ovarian cancer 310
Hermaphrodite 368
Hernia, incisional 502
Hernia, inguinolabial 217
Herpes genitalis 126
Herpes zoster 132
Heterosexual contact 127
Hiatus urogenitalis, widening of 168
Hirsutism 385t, 452, 481, 481f, 483, 484
causes of 483, 486
management principles of 484
medical management of 487
mild 487
moderate to severe 484
pathophysiology of 482
treatment of 487
History
in gynecology 80
preoperative 488
HIV 122t, 128
Homosexual contact 127
Hormone
estimation 195
replacement therapy 293, 477
therapy 319
Hormone therapy (HT) 50
monitoring 50, 52t
preparations 51
risks 51
Hormones
in gynecology 433
mechanisms of action 56f, 59f
serum values 59t
steroid 58
Hot flashes 48
HPV, Human papillomavirus 122t, 129, 270
infection 130
vaccine 129, 130, 131
Human chorionic gonadotropin 188
Human epididymis protein 317
Human immunodeficiency virus
modes of transmission of 127
negative blood 129
prevent occupational transmission of 129
related diseases 131, 128
Hydatidiform mole 240f, 303t, 499, 551f
Hydradenoma 218
Hydatidiform moles 303
Hydrocolpos 456
Hydrops tubal profluens 141
Hydrosalpinges 208
Hydrosalpinx 98, 140, 140f, 141, 542, 552, 560f
large 203
Hydrotubation 204
Hymen 172f
Hyperandrogenemia 201
Hyperandrogenism 481
causes of 483
ovarian causes of 484
Hypercarbia 519
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism 199, 202
Hyperinsulinemia 201
Hyperplasia 484
Hyperprolactinemia 190, 211, 487
Hypertrichosis 481
Hymen 1
Hyperandrogenism 481, 483t, 484t
Hyperinsulinemia 200t, 201, 387f, 388t
in hyperandrogenism 389, 396
in polycystic ovarian syndrome 396
Hyperprolactinemia 156t, 189, 191t
Hyperthyroidism, menorrhagia 487
Hypertrichosis 481
Hypoactive sexual disorder 477
Hypoestrogenic state 345
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 190, 199
Hypogonadism
hypergonadotropic 43, 43t, 372
causes 43
Hypomenorrhea 156
Hyponatremia 435t, 444t, 523
Hypoplasia 472
Hypospadias 189
Hypospermia 192
Hypothalamic hormones 440
Hypothalamic-pituitary
dysfunction 212
failure 212
Hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian axis 63
Hypothalamus 54
Hypothyroidism
amenorrhea/oligomenorrhea in 45
subclinical 201
Hypoventilation 519
Hysterectomy 162
abdominal 170
complications 501t
indications 508
laparoscopic 509
laparoscopic assisted vaginal 502
place of 308
subtotal 498
total 498
vaginal 181, 182f
Wertheim's (radical) 507
Hysteroflator 511
Hysterosalpingography 97, 486, 537, 537f
Hysteroscope 520f
Hysteroscopic myomectomy 523
Hysteroscopic procedures 521f
levels of 522
Hysteroscopic surgery 520, 524
Hysteroscopy 197, 102, 403, 520, 524
complications 523, 524
contraindications of 522
indications 521, 524
therapeutic benefits of 197
I
Identification of
monilia 89
Trichomonas vaginalis 134f
Ifosfamide 295, 302, 433t, 435t
Iliac spine, anterior superior 518f
Imaging in gynecology 97
Imaging
CT 100, 300t
HSG 116, 494
MRI 100, 256
PET 101
X-ray 97, 246f
USG 98, 562f
Immature teratoma 320
Immotile cilia syndrome (Kartagener) 189t
Immunodeficiency 128
Immunotherapy 319, 436
Implanon 399t
Implant, biodegradable 423, 434t
Implantation 188
Impotency 199, 205t
Incessant ovulation theory 310, 326
Incisions 490
Cherney 490
Maylard 490
Pfannenstiel 490
vertical 482
Incontinence of
feces 362
urinary 335
Index, body mass 82, 570
Induction of ovulation 200, 440
Infants 455
Infections, genital organs 464, 119
mode of spread of 146
opportunistic 129
organisms concerned 107, 113
postabortal and puerperal 112
postoperative 144
routes of 345
sexually transmitted 460
tubercular 119
widespread 128
Infertility 129, 188, 210, 522, 523
causes 188
female factors 190
male factors of 193fc
immunological 191
investigations 191
LUF 190, 203
luteal phase defect 190, 203
male factors 189t
prognosis 210
secondary 188
treatment 198
unexplained 198, 205
Infundibulopelvic ligament 16
Inhibin 62
Injury bladder 340, 530
perineal 359
ureter 354
Innervation of genital organs 3, 5
Insemination
intrauterine (IUI) 205
subzonal (SUZI) 206t
Instruments
hysteroscopic 545
laparoscopic 513f
Insufflation cannula 538, 538f
Insufflation test 194
Insufflator, laparoscopic 517
Insulin resistance 386, 387, 483
Insulin sensitizer 201, 389
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) 40, 224, 440
Integrins 72
Interception 412
Interferons 437
Interleukin (IL) 62
Intermenstrual bleeding 155
Intermenstrual pain 467
Internal genital organs 3
Intersexuality 456
Intertrigo, vulva 464
Interval cytoreductive surgery 319
Interval debulking surgery 319
Intestinal moniliasis 136
Intimate partner violence 478
Intra-abdominal pressure 334f
Intracavitary radiation 301
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) 193, 209
technique of 209f
Intraperitoneal chemotherapy 319
Intraurethral pressure 334
Intrauterine contraceptive devices (IUCDs) 398
insertions 492
Intrauterine device, misplaced 522
Intrauterine insemination 205
indications of 205
timing of 206
Intravenous drug abusers 127
Intravenous leiomyomatosis 328
Intravenous urogram (IVU) 97, 97f
Intravenous urography 338
Intravesical pressure 333, 347
Intravesical therapy 342
Intrinsic sphincter deficiency 340
Intrinsic urethral sphincter dysfunction 347, 348
Invasive carcinoma
cervix, accidental discovery of 294
preclinical 296
Invasive gestational trophoblastic neoplasia 304
Invasive mole 303, 303t, 309
Inversion, chronic 175, 185, 185f
Inverse square law 426
Inversion uterus 505. 505f
In vitro fertilization 206, 206t
Doppler ultrasound 98
Ion channel blockers 469
Ischial spines 166
Irving method 416
Isoflavones 50
Itching
mechanisms of 464
sense of 464
Itch-scratch 465
IUI 205
K
17-Ketosteroid 392
Kallmann's syndrome 189, 378, 390
Kartagener syndrome 189
Karyotype 368
Karyotyping 321
Kelly's cystourethroplasty 340
Ketoconazole 485
Klinefelter's syndrome 190, 192, 370
Knot tying, laparoscopic 515
Kobelt's tubule 28, 37
Kocher's artery forceps 538, 538f
Koilocytosis 91
Krukenberg's tumor 324, 325, 325f, 556
KTP (potassium titanyl-phosphate) laser 103t
Kustner's operation 505
L
Labia majora 1
Labial fusion 380t
Labium majus 280f
Lactational amenorrhea 422
Lamotrigine 469
Lamivudine 129
Landon's retractor 174, 182
Laparoscopic assisted
advantages of 512
indications of 515
robotic hysterectomy 301
vaginal hysterectomy 181, 518
Laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) 519
Laparoscopic hysterectomy, procedure of 518
Laparoscopic linear salpingostomy 516f
Laparoscopic surgery 204, 513, 514, 524
Laparoscopic tubal sterilization 524
Laparoscopic view of the pelvis 239f
Laparoscopy 196, 197, 467, 468, 470
absolute contraindications of 524
aspirator irrigator 513
cameras 513
chromopertubation 197
clips 515
complications 519, 524
contraindications 517
diagnostic 102
electrocautery
bipolar 514
monopolar 514
indications of 197
instruments 514
insufflator 513
morcellator 514
open 518
operative procedures for 517
operative 102
ovarian drilling 203
port 518f, 519
procedures 517
staples 546
sterilization 414
sutures 547
trocar and cannula 513
veress needle 513
Laparotomy 143, 323, 479
Large loop excision (LLETZ) 275
Laser 103
common laser systems 103t
controlled area (LCA) 104
hazards 104
physics 103
uses 104
Laser coagulation 515, 522
Laser vaporization 203
Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome 380t
LAVH 502
Latzko method of repair 353
LeFort's operation 183
Leak-point pressure test 337
LEEP 275, 496
Leiomyoma 224
Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata 328
Leiomyomatosis
intravenous 328
peritonealis disseminata 328
Leiomyosarcoma 328, 328f, 329f
Letrozole 201, 448
Leukocytospermia 199
Leukorrhea 458, 463, 479
Leuprorelin 441, 441t
Levator ani muscle 13f, 168
Levator plate 168, 169
Levonorgestrel 400
Leydig cells 189
L-hook 514
Libido 52, 409
Lichen sclerosis 279
Ligament
broad 16
cardinal 17
infundibulopelvic 16
ovarian 18
round 18
uterosacral 18
Ligasure 515
Lipschutz ulcer 216
Liquid-based cytology 91
Liver 313
dullness, obliteration of 517
parenchyma 313
LNG–IUS, insertion device 402f
Local skin lesions 464
Low backache 470
Low peak flow rate 348
Lower abdominal lump, common causes of 478
Lump, abdominopelvic 478
Luteal phase
defect 190, 196, 203, 210
support 203, 208
Luteal follicular shift 76
Luteal phase, inadequate 190
Luteal-placental shift 71
Luteal support 209
Luteinized follicle, unruptured 211
Luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) syndrome 190, 196, 203, 210
Luteinizing hormone 55, 482
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone 55
Lymph glands, regional 327
Lymph node 286t, 294, 313t
involvement 286, 286f
metastasis 298
primary groups of 296
regional 280
sampling 301
Lymphadenectomy 292
laparoscopic 293
pelvic 292, 510
Lymphadenopathy 296
vulvar cancer 266
Lymphatic drainage 22f, 23f, 472
bladder, urethra 24
cervix 23, 557
corpus 23
ovarian 23
vaginal 23
vulvar 23
Lymphatic spread 313
Lymphocyst formation 293
Lymphogranuloma venereum 125, 131, 281
Lymphoma 328
Lymphovascular space invasion 292
Lynch syndrome 300, 303
Lynch I and II syndrome 310, 326
M
6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) 431
McCall culdoplasty 174t, 187
Mackenrodt's ligament 18, 180f
plication of 181
Macroadenomas 487
Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) 435t, 436t
Macrophages, peritoneal, in endometriosis 253
Madlener's technique 416, 417
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRl) 100, 467, 479
Maintenance therapy 318
Mala N 405, 406t
Maldevelopment of genital organs 32, 38
Male
areas of 188
common causes of 189
contraception 424
infertility 188, 189t, 199
Male fertility requires, normal 192
Malignancy index, risk of 479
Malignant cells, detection of 316
Malignant epithelial tumors 310
Malignant germ cell tumor 320
Malignant mixed Müllerian tumors 328
Malignant origin, intractable pain of 469
Malignant ovarian tumor, treatment of 317
Malignant tumor 480
Mammary gland, basic unit of 472f
Mammography 315, 474, 475, 475f
Manchester
operation for prolapse 180
Manchester operation 180
principle steps of 180f
Manchester technique 294f
Mannitol 521
Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz operation 340
Marsupialization, Bartholin's cyst 133
Martius graft 354
Mastalgia 79t, 473
McCune-Albright syndrome 41
Medroxyprogesterone acetate 260t, 302, 393
Mefenamic acid 159
Megavoltage therapy 282
Meig's syndrome 225, 323, 324, 554
Melanoma 281284
MSH 59
vaginal 284
vulvar 284
Melphalan 436t
Menarche 39
Menopause 46
bone metabolism 47
definition 46
delayed 52
endocrinology 46
genitourinary syndrome of 136
late 297
premature 52, 393
surgical 52
symptoms 48
treatment 50
Menorrhagia 154, 523
Menstrual abnormality 128
Menstrual cycle 463
Menstruation
anatomic aspect 67
anovular 71, 77
cervical cycle 78t
definition 67
endometrial cycle 72
hormone in relation 75
hygiene 77
mechanism of bleeding 75
ovarian cycle 68
postponement 77, 450
symptoms 77
total blood loss 79
vaginal cycle 78t
MESA 199, 206t
Mesigyna 423
Mesna 435t
Mesovarium 16
Mesosalpinx 16
Metal catheter, female 530
Metastases 290
diagnosis of 306
sites of 316
Metastatic brain lesion 306
Metastatic disease 318, 321
Metastatic ovarian tumors 324, 325f
Metformin 200, 201, 388, 389
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 137
Methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus 137
Methotrexate 308, 431, 435t
Metronidazole 126, 135, 135t
Metropathia hemorrhagica 157
Metroplasty 205, 522, 561
abdominal (Tompkin's) 561
Metrorrhagia 155
Microadenomas 487
Microinvasive carcinoma 287, 295, 296
diagnosis of 296
Microinvasive lesion 281, 284
Micromanipulation 209
Microslings 340
Microsurgery 199
Microsurgical techniques 204
Micturition 333
continence of urination 334
incontinence of urine 335
painful 173
physiology 333
Mid tubal block 203
Midstream urine 467
analysis 336
examination 336
Midurethra 332
Midurethral slings 340
Midurethral tape 340
Mifepristone (RU 486) 404t, 451
Minimally access surgery 512
Minimally invasive slings 340, 348
Minimally invasive surgery 469, 512
Mini pill 410
Mirena 399, 400
Miscarriage, recurrent 522
Mitomycin C 434
Mittelschmerz 150
Mixed mesodermal tumor 330
Molluscum contagiosum 130, 131
treatment 130
Monilial vaginitis 122t
Moniliasis 133, 146
Monoclonal antibodies, radiolabelled 436
Monopolar electrosurgery 514
Morbid anatomic changes 335
Morcellator 514
Morning after pill 412
Moskowitz procedure 179, 184
Motile spermatozoa 188
Motility, abnormal 190
MRI
breast 475
Mucinous cystadenom, ovary 241, 244, 250f
Mucinous cyst adenocarcinoma 314f
Mucocolpos 456, 459t
Mucoid 137
Mucopurulent cervicitis 138
Mucopurulent discharge 137
Müllerian adenosarcoma 328
Müllerian anomalies 522
Müllerian duct 28
Müllerian eminence 29
Müllerian tubercle 29
Müllerian-inhibiting factor (MIF) 62, 66
Multiagent chemotherapy 326
Multicentric neoplasia 283
Muscarinic receptors 333
Musculofacial pain 466
Mycobacterium 129
Mycoplasma 137
Myelosuppression, cytotoxic 431
Myolysis, laparoscopic 233
Myoma (see fibroid) 507
Myoma screw 514, 536, 536f
traction of 523f
Myomectomy 205
complication 507
hysteroscopic 523
laparoscopic 523f
Myometrial invasion 301
Myometrium 6, 304f
N
Nabothian cyst (follicle) 221
Nabothian follicles 137
Nafarelin 441t
Naked eye 279, 285, 297
appearances 304, 311, 325
endophytic 285
examination 141
exophytic 285
hypertrophic 279
infiltrative 285
ulcerative 279, 285
Naproxen 148
Narcotics 469
Necrotizing fasciitis 144, 146
Necrozoospermia 192
Needlestick injuries 127
Needle holder 540, 540f
Needles 542
Neisseria gonorrhea (gonococcus) 122, 131, 137, 138, 345
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy 282, 319, 326
benefits of 319
Neoadjuvant therapy 432
Neonates 455
Neoplasia 280
Neoplasm 471
Neoplastic epithelial disorders 465
Neuralgia 468
Neurolytic agents 469
Neuropathy 293
Neosalpingostomy 203
Nerve entrapment pain 467
Nestorone 449
Neurotransmitters 55
Nevirapine 129
Nickerson's media 136
Nickerson's medium 89, 135
Nipple discharge 476
common causes of 476
Nipples
accessory 472
discharge 476
Nocturia 336t
Nocturnal enuresis 335
Nomegestrol 449t
Nongestational ovarian choriocarcinoma 322, 326
Nongynecological disorders 468
Nonlactating breasts 471
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 469
Norepinephrine 333
No-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) 414f, 415
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents 143
Norethisterone 405, 449t
Norgestrel 449t
Norplant 412
Nucleic acid amplification tests 345
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 129
Nulligravidas 310
Nulliparous prolapse 171, 184
Nuva Ring 423
Nystatin 136
O
Obesity 205, 297, 483
Obesity, adolescent 461
Occult stress incontinence 335
OHSS 444
Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia 192
Oligomenorrhea 156, 190
Oligo-ovulation 190
Oligospermia 192
Oligozoospermia 190, 192
Omentectomy 317, 325f, 330, 555
Oncogenes 437
Oocyte 67, 209, 210
Oocyte donation 209
retrieval 207, 208f
Oophoritis 142
Operation
principal steps of 184
type of 174, 176
Operations
gynecology 492
Operative hysteroscopy 523
indications of 522
Operative laparoscopy 518
complications of 524
Opioids, endogenous 55
Optimum cytoreductive surgery 318
Oral contraceptive 468
Oral contraceptives combined (COC) 405
Orchidometer 192
Organic lesion 468
Organisms producing hydrosalpinx 146
Osteitis pubis 340, 510t
Osteopenia 47
Osteoporosis 47, 48, 49
Outpatient therapy 141
Ovarian antigen 326
Ovarian
biopsy 196
drilling, laparoscopic 389, 518
remnant syndrome 469
residual syndrome 469
wedge resection 504
Ovarian cancer 319
categories of 311t
disease burden for 310t
factors for 317t
primary prevention of 327
screening for 316
surgical treatment of 317
Ovarian carcinogenesis 310t
Ovarian carcinoma 319fc
distal fallopian tube origin of 310f
primary 310
Ovarian choriocarcinoma 304
Ovarian cyst 479
ruptured 143
Ovarian drilling, laparoscopic 203, 518
Ovarian cystectomy 247f, 503
Ovarian cysts-nonneoplastic 251
Ovarian dysfunction 190, 191
Ovarian enlargement 305, 326
Ovarian epithelial cancer 318t
Ovarian factors 190, 194
Ovarian failure 212, 384
Ovarian follicles 46, 64
Ovarian fossa 9
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) 210, 212, 444, 444f
Ovarian ligaments 18
Ovarian malignancy 310, 314
categories of 310
prognostic factors in 320
protective factors for 317
surgical staging for 317
treatment of 317
Ovarian metastases, risk of 286
Ovarian, pedicle 247t
androgens 386, 387f
cycle 6872
peptides 62
torsion 247, 247f, 248
Ovarian remnant syndrome 467, 469
Ovarian reserve 202, 208, 261, 443
Ovarian serous cyst adenocarcinoma 313f
Ovarian stimulation
controlled 207, 211
regimen 207
Ovarian stromal tumor 322
Ovarian tissue, cryopreservation of 209
Ovarian transposition 294
Ovarian tumerogenesis, concept of 326
Ovarian tumor 315f, 324, 478, 480
Ovarian tumor (Benign) 241
adolescence, in 459, 460fc
borderline 250
Brenner 243
classification 241t
clinical features 244
complications 247
cystic 241244
diagnosis 246
malignant 309311
management 248
epithelial
benign 241
malignant 311
feminizing 276
germ cell 320
masculinizing 390
sex cord stromal 322
Ovariolysis 204t, 516f
Ovariopexy 294
Ovariotomy 460, 504, 535
Ovary 8, 197, 480
and tube 141f
bilateral malignant epithelial tumors of 314f
carcinoma of 320t
development 10
endometriomas 261
germ cell tumor of 320
malignant tumors of 309
metastatic tumors of 324
steroidogenesis 59
Overactive bladder 335, 336, 341, 342, 348
etiology of 348
Overflow incontinence 343
Ovotestis 372, 375
Ovulation 76, 188
diagnosis 194, 211
failure of 389
incessant 317t
induction of 200, 200f
recent 196
stimulation of 200
tests for 93, 98, 102, 104
Ovulatory cycle, temperature variation in 195
Ovulatory disorders 212
Ovulatory dysfunction 200, 210
Oxybutynin 348
P
Paclitaxel 295, 302, 318, 327
Paclitaxel (Taxol) 301, 434t
Pad test 336
Paget's diseases, vulva 267
Pain 173, 465, 480
biology 147, 148
bladder 468
cervical cancer 289
localized 466
mapping 468
medical management of 469
neurophysiology of 465
pelvic 465
vulvar 218
Painful bladder syndrome 343
Palliative care 295
Palliative radiotherapy 295
Palmer's point 517, 518f
Panhysterectomy 498
Papanicolaou's grading 91, 268
Papanicolaou smear 299
Papanicolaou stain 92
Papillary serous carcinoma 320
Para-aortic lymph nodes 317
Paracentesis 315
Paracrine 440
Paralytic ileus 502
Paramesonephric ducts 26
Parametritis 142
etiology of 142
Parametrium 17
Parasympathetic nervous system 347
Paraurethral implants 338
Paravaginal defect 177
Paravaginal repair 340
Paris and Manchester techniques 293
Paris technique 294f
Paroophoron 28
Parovarian cyst 38f, 250, 556
PCA 491
Pediculosis pubis 130
Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin 319
treatment 130
Pelvic abscess 143, 146
Pelvic adhesions 165, 468
Pelvic causes 143
Pelvic cellular tissue 17, 167, 168
Pelvic congestion syndrome 150, 467, 467t, 468
Pelvic diaphragm 13
Pelvic endometriosis 190, 191
Pelvic examination 83, 173, 329
Pelvic exenteration, contraindications of 293
Pelvic exploration 317
Pelvic fascia 17, 339f
Pelvic floor 13
muscle training 338
prolapse 171
repair 177, 180, 181
Pelvic hematocele 143
Pelvic infection 191, 522
chronic 471
Pelvic inflammatory disease 106, 128, 144, 146, 292, 466, 467
Pelvic lymphatics 22
Pelvic malignancy 471
lifetime risk of 279t
Pelvic mass 329f
Pelvic nerves 24
Pelvic node 282
dissection 291
Pelvic organ prolapse 166, 172, 172f, 173, 174, 186
clinical types of 170
etiology of 169
management of 184
quantification 171, 172, 187
Pelvic pain 289, 465, 466
acute 466, 467
chronic 467, 46, 467t, 480, 522
Pelvic radiation, external 301
Pelvic relaxation 336
Pelvic sonography 306
Pelvic ultrasonography 139, 143
Pelvic veins 21
Pelvis, examination of 518
Peptides 62
Perforation uterus 493
Peptostreptococcus 132, 144
Percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration 193
Pericervical ring 18, 167
Perihepatitis, chlamydial 102f
Perinatal mortality 210
Perineal body 18, 168, 169, 172
restoration of 177
Perineal tear 359
Perineoplasty 497
Perineorrhaphy 177
steps of 178f
Perineum 2
inspection of 470
Peritoneal carcinoma 320
Peritoneal carcinoma, primary 320
Peritoneal factors 191
Peritoneal fluid 253
Peritoneal spillage, bilateral 196f
Peritonei, pseudomyxoma 248
Peritoneum
junction of 313f
papillary serous carcinoma of 320
Peritonitis 173
treatment of acute 141
Peritubal adhesions 203
Permethrin cream 130
Persistent gestational trophoblastic neoplasia 303
Pessary 166
Hodge Smith 166, 545, 546
ring 546, 546f
test 468
treatment 176, 187
Pfannenstiel incision 490
Phthirus pubis 130
PFR 180, 535
Pineal gland 41
Pilosebaceous unit 486
Pipelle endometrial sampling 470
Pipelle sampler 159
Pituitary gland 54, 57
Pituitary gonadotropin 65, 441
Pituitary hormones 55
Placental site trophoblastic tumor 303, 308
Platinum compounds 318, 326
Platinum resistence disease 319
Pleomorphic nuclei 328f
Pleural effusion, right-sided 314
Pneumocystis carinii
pneumonia 128
prophylaxis 129
Pneumoperitoneum 517
laparoscopy 513, 517
Podophyllotoxin 432
Polycystic ovarian disease 297, 390, 410
Polymenorrhea 155
Polypectomy 522
Polypharmacy 469
Polyps 235
cervical 222
endometrial 235
fibroid 236
management 237
placental 237
Polythelia 473f
Polyzoospermia 192
POMB/ACE regimen 322
Pomeroy's technique 419
POP-Q system 171, 172t
Port site metastasis 298
Positron emission tomography 101, 479
Post-ablation tubal sterilization syndrome 523
Postcoital test 93, 192, 197, 211
Posthysterectomy enterocele, vaginal repair of 179
Posthysterectomy vault prolapse 187
Postmenopausal bleeding 299, 303, 469
common causes of 469
significance of 479
Postoperative care 491
Postoperative complications 501
Postpartum necrosis (Sheehan syndrome) 391
Postpill amenorrhea 393
Post-void residual urine 336
Pouch of Douglas 16, 143, 289, 478
Power density (PD) 103
Preconception counseling 129
Pregabalin 469
Pregnancy 212, 463, 478, 480, 522, 523
laparoscopy in 517
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis 210
Premalignant disease 266278
Premenarchal 363
Premature ovarian failure 395
Premenstrual syndrome 150, 467
Preoperative preparations 488
Presacral neurectomy 261
Primary peritoneal adenocarcinoma 314
Primordial follicle 68
Procidentia 170
Proctoscopy 103
Progesterone 47, 448, 449t
activity grades 449t
challenge test 448
classification 448
therapeutic 448
Progesterone only pill 410
Progestogens 303
Prognostic factors
cervical cancer 286
endometrial cancer 302t
in trophoblastic disease 308
ovarian cancer 320
vulvar cancer 267
Prolactin 58, 387, 390, 486, 487
assay, indications of 486
inhibitors 486
Prolactinoma 382, 391, 486
Prolapse 165, 186
degree 170t
diagnosis 173
etiology 169t
examination for 186
management of 175
recurrence of 185
preventive 175
stage 171t
supports 168
surgical management of 176
symptoms 173
treatment 175
type of 174
types 170fc
vault 170
Prophylactic antibiotics 489, 290, 519
Prophylactic chemotherapy 307, 309
Prophylactic human papilloma virus vaccine 290
Prophylactic surgery 300, 327
Prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors 148
Prostaglandins
dysmenorrhea 147
endometriosis 232
in menorrhagia 232
in menstruation 76
Protease inhibitors 129
Protein kinase 432
Protein kinase C 57
Provera 329
Proximal tubal
block 203
obstruction 211
Proximal urethra 332
Pruritus 464, 479
vulvae 464, 465
Psammoma bodies 242
Pseudocyesis 478
Pseudo-Meig's syndrome 225
Pseudosarcoma botryoides 330
Psoas hitch procedure 356
Psoriasis 215
Psychodynamic therapy 477
Psychological stress 210
Psychosexual problems 476
Puberty 3943, 463, 464
changes 471
constitutional 41
delayed 43
endocrinology 39
menorrhagia 43
precocious 41f
pubic hair, development 40
morphological changes 39
stages tanner 40
Pubocervical fascia 19
Pubocervical ligaments 167, 332
Pubovaginal sling 340
procedures 340
Pulmonary embolism 502
Pulmonary edema, hysteroscopy 523
Punctate hemorrhagic spots 135f
Punch biopsy 289, 495
Purandare's operation 184, 502
Pure sarcoma 328
Pus cells 193
absence of 345
Pyelitis 345
Pyogenic infection 146
Pyogenic nongonococcal organisms 146
Pyogenic organisms 139, 141
Pyogenic salpingitis 140t
Pyometra 138, 523
formation 138
Pyosalpinx 141
bilateral 141f
Pyuria 345
Pyridoxine, in PMS 152
Q
Q-tip test 336
Quiescent (Go) cells 430
Quinacrine 419
R
Radiation dose 426, 427
biological effects 427
Gray 427
Radiation reaction 428t, 430
Radical
complications 501
hysterectomy 285f, 291, 292, 292f, 296, 301, 507
laparoscopic 293
laparoscopic 509, 511
LARVH 509
vaginal trachelectomy 509
vulvectomy 510, 510f, 511
Radical trachelectomy 296
Radioactive isotopes 319
Radiocurability 428
Radiopotentiators 429t
carcinoma cervix 429
carcinoma’ ovarian 430
computerized dosimetry 429
intensity modulated (IMRT) 429
3D CRT 429
Radioisotopes 427
Radiosensitivity 426
Radiotherapy, contraindications of 301
Radium 426
Rape 363
Rectal examination 166, 186
Rectal injury 185
Rectal tenesmus 143
Rape, forensic considerations 363
Rectocele 164f, 170, 173, 174, 175f, 177
Rectogenitourinary hiatus 169
Rectovaginal examination 87
Rectovaginal fistula 185, 289, 356
Rectovaginal septum, endometriosis 252t, 255
Rectovaginal septum posteriorly 167
Rectum 12, 169
Recurrent disease 302
prevention of 308
Red blood cells 345, 348
Red degeneration, fibroid 227
Reinfection, prevention of 346
Relaxed perineum 170, 174, 177
Relaxin 62
Residual ovarian syndrome 469, 480, 191
Resistant ovary syndrome 389
Retention urine 343, 344t
Retractors
Balfour self-retaining 539
Deaver's 539
Doyen 539
Landon's 538
vaginal wall 532
Retractors, abdominal 539
Retrodisplacement 165
Retroflexion, uterine 165
Retropubic cystourethropexy 338
Retropubic midurethral sling procedures 339
Retroversion, uterine 165
Retroversion 165, 471
uterus, correct position of 167f
Retroverted uterus, pregnancy in 166
Rhabdomyosphincter 332
Rifampicin 118t, 408
RMI 317, 479
RNTCP 117
Robotic equipments 519
Robotic surgery
instruments in 519
technology in 519, 520
Robotic technology 519
Robotics
column 520f
console 520f
Rokitansky's protuberance 243
Rokitansky-Kuster-Mayer syndrome 380t, 381t
Rollerball endometrial ablation 162
Rosiglitazone 260t
Round ligaments 18
RU 486 (mifepristone) 161, 413, 451
Rubin's test 196
S
S. phase 428, 431f
Sabouraud's media 136
Sacral colpopexy 174t, 183, 184
Sacrocolpopexy, laparoscopic 184
Sacrospinous colpopexy 183
Safe period 421t
Safer sex 128
Senile endometritis 138
feature of 146
Saline infusion sonography 99f, 150, 158, 470
normal 521
Senile vaginitis 136
Salpingectomy 203, 504f
opportunistic bilateral 317
Salpingitis 139, 139t, 141
acute 139, 140, 140t
chronic 140
isthmica nodosa 141, 146
prognosis of 142
treatment of acute 141
Salpingitis isthmica nodosa 114, 141, 142f
Salpingitis 138140
Salpingography
hysterosalpingography 494
ultrasound 559561
Salpingolysis 516f, 564
Salpingo-oophorectomy 143, 250f, 316
bilateral 325f, 330
unilateral 319
Salpingo-oophoritis 142
Salpingo-ovariolysis 204
Salpingoscopy 103, 197
Salpingostomy 204, 204t, 564
Salvage procedures 340
Sarcoma
botryoides 283, 329, 330
structures of 328
undifferentiated 328
uterine 328
Sarcoptes scabiei 130
Scabies 130
treatment 130
Savage's syndrome 383t
Scabies 130
Scalene nodes 285
Schiller-Duval body 321
Schiller's test 273
Scissors 513, 542
laparoscopic 542f
Mayo's type 542
Screening
breast cancer 474
cervical cancer 290
endometrial cancer 300
ovarian cancer 316
Sebaceous cysts, vulvar 218
Second look 319
Secondary surgery 319, 326
Secretes gonadotropins 322
Selective salpingography 99
Semen
abnormalities, causes of 190
analysis 192
Semen analysis 192t
Seminal fluid 190
Seminiferous tubules 188, 371
Seminiferous tubules, agenesis of 190
Senile endometritis 139
Sensory urge incontinence 348
Sentinel lymph node 282, 285, 472
biopsy 292
lymphoscintigraphy 280
Sepsis 185, 290
SERMS 50
Serotonin 55
in gonadotropin release 55
in PMS 151
Serotonin uptake inhibitors 469
Serous adenocarcinoma ovary 312f, 313f, 326
Serous cyst adenocarcinoma 312f
Serous cyst adenoma 242
Serous cystadenomas 326
Sertoli-cell-only-syndrome 189, 190
Sertoli cells 189
Sertoli-Leydig cell 324
tumor 322, 324, 327
Serum
estradiol 195
luteinizing hormone 195
progesterone 195
tumor markers 290
Sex cord stromal tumors 322
types of 322
Sex-determining region of Y (SRY) gene 31
Sex differentiation 30
Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) 409, 445, 481
Sexual function disorders 476
Sexual hair 482
Sexual intercourse 127
Sexually transmitted infections 121, 131, 139, 144, 193, 213, 216t, 455, 460, 464
management of 144t
prevention of 144
syndromic management of 144
Sheehan's syndrome 391
Shock
bacteraernic endotoxic 111t
TSS 137
Short stature 369, 373t
Signet ring cells 325f
appearance 325f
Silastic rings 518f
Sims-Huhner test 197
Sims’ position 85f
Sims’ speculum 528f
Sims’ triad 528
Single puncture technique 518
Sinovaginal bulbs 31
Sling operation 184, 187
Sling procedures, suburethral 339
Smear cervical 89
Smear dyskaryotic—mild, moderate, severe 91
Soft sore 124, 281
Solifenacin 342t
Sonography 98, 196, 245, 461
Sonohysterosalpingography 197
Sound test 186
Sound, uterine 533
Space
pararectal 508
paravesical 508
Space of Ritzeus 339f
Speculum examination 289, 464
Spatula 527
Specimens 548558
Sperm
abnormality 190
concentration 192
density and motility 208
retrieval techniques 206
structural defects 190
Sperm antibodies 192, 198t, 205, 209
Spermatogenesis, physiology of 188
Sperm-cervical mucus contact test (SCMCT) 197
Sperm count 192t
Spindle cell type 328
Spinnbarkeit 93
Spironolactone 449t, 485
Squamous cell carcinoma 280t, 283, 285, 296
Squamous epithelium 285
SRY gene 30, 31
SSRI 151t
Stamey procedure 340
Staphylococcus 132, 142, 146
aureus 137
Stein-Leventhal syndrome 384
Stem cells
properties 525
Sterile pyuria 345
Sterilization 414, 522
laparoscopic 417
mini laparotomy 416
tubectomy 416
vasectomy 414
Steroid hormones 59, 93t
Steroidegenesis 59, 60f, 63fc
Stockholm technique 294, 294f
Stomach, pylorus of 325f
Strassman's procedure 561
Streptococcus 132, 142
faecalis 139
Stress, amenorrhea related to 56
Stress incontinence, urinary 183, 184, 335
incontinence 173, 336, 337
test 336
risk factors for 335
Stromal invasion 282
Struma ovarii 244
Strumal carcinoids 244
Stuart's media 134
Stump carcinoma 296, 297
Sturmdorf suture 181, 180f
Submucous fibroid 522f
Subnuclear vacuolation 195, 211
Substitution therapy 200
Subzonal insemination (SUZI) 206t
Sudden tumor collapse 308
Superovulation for assisted conception 207
Supports of genital organs 166, 169. 332
Supraclavicular nodes 313
Suprapubic port 518f
Surface area, body 569
Surgery
indication of 146
principles of 338
Surgical procedures, recommended 348
Surgical site infection 145, 146
Surrogacy 209
Suture materials 547
Swim-up test 205
Swyer syndrome 372
Sympathomimetic drugs 338
Syncytiotrophoblast cells 305f
Syndrome
Fitz-Hugh-Curtis 102f, 124
Meig 324, 554
Syndromic management 144, 146
Synechiae, uterine 381t
Syphilis 123, 131
Syphilitic ulcer 281, 289
Syringe barrel test 517
T
Tall girls 462
Tamoxifen 297, 448
Tanner staging 40
Taxane derivatives 318
Taxol, see Paclitaxel 301, 432, 434t
Telescope 513
Teletherapy, see Radiotherapy 427
Temperature
basal body (BBT) 194
Tension-free vaginal tape 339
Teratoma immature 320
Teratoma solid 554
Teratospermia 199
Teratozoospermia 190, 192
Terminal hair 481, 482, 482t
Termination of pregnancy 129
Testicular biopsy 192
Testicular determining factor (TDF), 28f, 31
Testicular failure 193fc
Testicular feminization 370, 371f
Testicular sperm extraction 193
Testosterone, high serum level of 484
Testosterone (T) 52, 481
antagonists 451
Tetracycline 133
Theca cell tumors 41t, 554
Theca cells 59
Theca externa and interna 70
Thecoma 322, 323
fibroma group 323
Threadworm infestations 134, 457
Three swab (Tampon) test 351
Thromboembolism 411, 447
Thrombophlebitis 111, 500
Thyroid 190
Thyroid hormones 452, 554
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 58
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) 55
Tissue dissection, laparoscopic procedures of 518
Tissue resection margin 294
TNM staging, breast cancer 476
Tolterodine 342t
Tomosynthesis 475
Toothed grasping forceps 514f
Topotecan 318
TOT 339, 339f
Total laparoscopic hysterectomy 518, 519
Total sperm count 192
Total vaginal length 172
Toxic shock syndrome 133, 137, 146
Trachelectomy 292, 295
indications of 295
Trachelectomy, radical 296
Traction enterocele 170
Tranexamic acid 160t
Transabdominal sonography 467
Transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation 468
Transformation zone, cervix 7, 89
Transforming growth factor (TGF) 224
Transobturator tape 339
placement 339f
Transvaginal color Doppler scan of choriocarcinoma 304f
Transvaginal endosonography 336, 338
Transvaginal sonography 150, 196, 467
Transvaginal ultrasonography 479
Trauma 184
Trichomona 137
Treponema pallidum 122t
Trichomona vaginalis 131, 134, 345, 464
physical appearance of 134f
Trigone, bladder 331
Trichomoniasis 133
Trigger point 467
Trigone 331
Trocar insertion, secondary 513, 518
Trophoblastic cells 309
Trophoblastic disease 304
Trophoblastic lesions, benign 303
Trophoblastic tumor, placental site 304
Trophoblastic tumor 303, 308
True hermaphrodite 368
True stump carcinoma 296
Tubal cannulation 522
Tubal disease, classification of 141
Tubal dysfunction 191
Tubal factor 191, 188, 196, 211
Tubal ligation, reversal of 203
Tubal ostium 520f
Tubal patency, tests to assess 196
Tubal sterilization 518f
Tubal surgery
considerations 203
laparoscopic 197f
methods 203
microsurgical 204
Tubercular infection 146
Tubercular ulcer 281
Tuberculosis, genital 113
Tubo-ovarian abscess 143, 467
Tubo-ovarian abscess, cyst 106, 107
Tubo-ovarian mass 142, 142f
Tuboplasty 204, 211
operation 204
Tubotubal anastomosis 204, 204f
Tumor 165, 484
cells 285
solid nature of 324f
Tumor markers 317, 438
Tumor necrosis factor-α 215
Tumor suppressor genes 437
Tunica albuginea 10
Turner's syndrome 369f, 374, 378, 447
TVT 339
Two-cell, two-gonadotropin theory 60f
U
Uchida technique 416
Ulcer, vulvar 216
Ulipristal 232
Ultrasound in gynecology 98
TAS 98
TVS 98
Undescended testes 189
Unicornuate uterus 37, 561f
Uniplant 423
Upper vagina 169
Uremia 289
Ureteral obstruction 289
Ureter(s) 173
anatomical relations 7, 11
fistula 355
surgical injury 355
Ureteric injury 354
Ureteric repair 356
Urethra 331, 331f, 332, 336, 340, 344, 346
anatomy 10
caruncle 346f
kinking of 334f
mucous layer of 332
radiographic tracing of 334f
submucous layer of 332
tension-free under 339f
Urethral bulking agents 340
Urethral caruncle 346, 346f, 348
Urethral closure 332
pressure 347
Urethral diverticulum 346
Urethral pressure 332
profile 337
Urethral sphincter 347
dysfunction 337
Urethral syndome 345, 348
Urethritis 345
Urethrocele 170, 186
Urethroscopy 337
Urethrovaginal fistulae 354
Urethrovesical junction 340
Urge incontinence 341, 342t
Urgency of micturition 341t
Urinary bladder 11
Urinary continence 334
mechanism of 334
Urinary diary 336
maintenance of 341
Urinary diversion 340
Urinary fistula 349
Urinary incontinence 132, 335, 341, 347
classification of 335
mixed 335, 343
pathophysiology of 335
types of 335
urgency 335
Urinary luteinizing hormone 195
Urinary problems in gynecology 331
Urinary retention 339
Urinary symptoms 134, 173
Urinary system 173
Urinary tract infection (UTI) 344, 466
lower 345
recurrent 348
Urination
first sensation of 347
frequency of 346
Urine examination 113
Urine
loss of 336
postoperative retention of 339t
prolapse, degree of 170, 186
retention of 343, 344, 348
stasis of 344
storage of 333
voiding of 331, 333
Urodynamic investigations 347
Uroflowmetry 336, 337, 341, 342
Urogenital diaphragm 168
Urogenital sinus 26
Uterine 191, 480
cavity 188, 520f
cramp 466
curette 533
displacement 467, 471
dressing forceps 534f
factors 191
fibroids 467
manipulator 514
nerve ablation, laparoscopic 469
prolapse 170, 171, 174, 171, 175
second degree 171f
sound 533f
third degree 171f
sarcoma 330
classification of 328
tubes, normal 208
Uterine artery embolization 99
Uterine bleeding, abnormal (AUB) 154, 163fc
Uterine malformations 98
Uterosacral ligaments 18, 167, 466
Uterovaginal canal 29
Uterovaginal prolapse 171
Uterovaginal supports, biomechanical basis of 169
Uterovaginal surgery 203, 205
Uterus 5, 28, 139, 167, 173, 174, 197, 301, 314
body of 466
complete chronic inversion of 185f
displacement of 165
endometrial stromal sarcoma of 328f
ligamentous supports of 168f
mobile retroverted 166, 471
normal 165f
preservation of 180
prolapse of 167f
rest 169
retroversion of 186
retroverted 165f, 478
supports of 166, 167f, 168f, 186
ventrosuspension of 166
V
VAC regimen 320
Vaccine, HPV 274
Vagina
adenosis 459
agenesis 380
anatomy 3
carcinoma 283
coital injury 363
cyst 218
cytology 78f, 78t
development 28
examination 84
flora 5t, 61, 105
malformation 34
primary carcinoma of 284
secondary carcinoma of 284
supports of 168
Vaginal axis 169
Vaginal bleeding
continued 289
irregular 289
Vaginal carcinoma 283. 283f
staging of 283t
Vaginal cream 136
Vaginal creams, estrogen-containing 52
Vaginal cytology 195
Vaginal delivery 347
Vaginal dilators 477
Vaginal discharge 88, 134, 146, 464, 468
differential diagnosis of 135t
excessive normal 463
offensive 134, 289
wet smear of 136
Vaginal examination 84
Vaginal factors 191
Vaginal fluid, normal 463
Vaginal hysterectomy 181, 183f, 301, 518
complications of 185
principal steps of 182f
steps of operation for 182
Vaginal infection 133
Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN) 267
Vaginal introitus, enlargement of 205
Vaginal malignancy, secondary 284
Vaginal mucosa 172
Vaginal nodules 306
Vaginal prolapse 170, 471
Vaginal radical trachelectomy 295
Vaginal radium application 296
Vaginal repair operations, complications of 184
Vaginal ring, (LNG) 423
Vaginal tape procedures 339f
Vaginal trichomoniasis 134, 146
Vaginal wall 174
supports of anterior 168
Vaginismus 477
Vaginitis 128, 133, 136
causes of 465
chlamydial 124
gonococcal 121
monilial 135
nonspecific 133
senile 136
trichomonas 134
Vaginoplasty 34
Vaginoscopy 134
Vaginosis, bacterial (anaerobic) 125
Varicocele 190
Varicosities, vulvar 217
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) 432
Vasectomy 414
no-scalpel 414f
Vault prolapse 183
management of 183
repair of 184
secondary 170
Vault suspension 184
Vellus hair 482
Ventro suspension 469, 511
Veress needle 513, 513f
correct placement of 517
insertion, sites of 517
Vernix caseosa 143
Vesicourethral unit
anatomy of 331
nerve supply of 332, 332f
Vesicovaginal fistula 185, 289, 349
Vestibulitis, vulvar 219
VIA 272, 275
Videocystourethrography (VCU) 336, 336t, 337
VIN 266
Vinblastin 321
Vincristine 308, 321
Violence
intimate partner 478
Violin string adhesion 108
Virchow's gland 314f
Virilism 481
Visceral distension 466
Vitamin E 473
Voiding disorders 343, 348
Vulsellum 531, 532
Vulva, anatomy 1
burning 219
carcinoma of 281t
colposcopic examination of 281
giant condyloma acuminata of 130f
infections of 464
non-neoplastic epithelial disorders of 464
Vulva, epithelial disorders 213
Vulval carcinoma 282t
Vulvar cancer 284
histological types of 279
risk factors for 279
Vulvar carcinoma 279, 280f
prognosis of 284
Vulvar infection 132
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia 281
Vulvar malignancy, second common site of 280f
Vulvar pain 218
Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma 280f
Vulvar tumors 217
Vulvar ulcer 213
Vulvar dermatoses 213
Vulvectomy
complications 510t
radical 510
simple 509
Vulvitis 132
recurrent 146
Vulvodynia 219
Vulvoscopy 281
Vulvovaginal candidiasis, uncomplicated 136
Vulvovaginitis 133, 136, 457
W
Ward-Mayo's operation 181
Warfarin 502
Wedge resection, ovary 389
Weight
amenorrhea, weight loss-related 390
in hirsutism 484
Wertheim's (radical) hysterectomy 507
Witch's milk 449
Wolffian duct, remnants 250
Womb stone 227, 564f
Wounds
clean 145
contaminated 145
dehiscence 502, 519
dirty 145
X
X-chromosome 367, 389
X-rays 99, 425, 502t
XX gonadal dysgenesis 312, 373t
XXY female 370f
XXY (Klinefelter's) syndrome 370
Y
Yasmin 406t
Y-chromosome 30, 372
Yolk sac tumor of the ovary 321
Young's syndrome 189, 189t, 190f
Z
Zidovudine 129
Zona pellucida 68, 209
Zygote intrafellopian transfer 209
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