FOGSI Handbook of Antenatal Care Rohan Palshetkar, Nandita Palshetkar, Pratima Mittal, Ruchika Garg, Sadhana Gupta
INDEX
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table.
A
Abdomen 87, 91, 111
acute 152
Abdominal circumference 87f, 91, 97, 111, 111f
Abdominal cramps 171
Abdominal discomfort 150
Abdominal organs 113f
Abdominal pain 150, 154, 156, 162, 171
causes of 151
history of acute 153
Abdominopelvic discomfort 152
Aberrant right subclavian artery 73, 76, 77, 77f
Abortion
therapeutic 185
threatened 185
Absent end diastolic flow 302
Accredited Social Health Activist 4
Acellular pertussis vaccine 10
Acetaminophen 15
Acquire infection 189
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 195
Acyclovir 160, 161, 165, 256
Additional therapy 303, 305
Adnexa 120
Advanced fetal deterioration 332
Advanced neurosonogram 93
Alanine
aminotransferase 134
transaminase 138
Alcohol 263
Allergic reaction, mild 248
Alloimmunization 185
Allopurinol 257
Alpha-linoleic acid 232
Alpha-methyldopa 299
Amantadine 256
Amenorrhea, period of 152
American Diabetes Association 223
Amikacin 255
Aminoglycosides 255
Aminopterin 262
Amniocentesis 12, 13
Amnionicity, establishment of 122
Amnionitis 168
Amniotic fluid 119
amount of 97
evaluation 14
index 92, 119f, 224, 302
Amoxicillin 167, 254
Ampicillin 254
Analgesics 259
Androgens 262, 265
Anemia 43, 44, 47, 158, 283, 284, 305
aplastic 44
causes of 284, 286, 294
chronic 284
dimorphic 44
evaluation of 44, 286, 287
high incidence of 43
management of 286, 288fc, 292, 293fc
maternal 6
megaloblastic 47
mild 292
mild-to-moderate 284, 292
moderate-to-severe 292
nutritional 284
physiologic 284
risk of 284
screening of 43, 50fc
severe 9, 286, 292
sideroblastic 47
treatment guidelines 286
type of 45, 286
Anesthesia
general 389, 390
induction of 391
light 390
maintenance of 391
management 389
monitored 390
recovery from 392
types of 397
Anesthetic
fetal effects of 394
medicine dosages 393
type of 389
Anesthetic agents 392
teratogenesis from 385
Aneuploidy 220, 377
high risk for 12
screening, ultrasound in 124
Angelman syndrome 378
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors 259, 263
Angiotensin-receptor blocker 259, 263
Anomalies scan 89f, 96, 97b
Antacid 259
Antenatal care 1, 3, 4, 16, 63t, 219, 300t, 352, 361f, 376, 403f
apps 401
contact schedules 276
effectiveness of 16
essential element of 352
E-technology for 400
inverted pyramid of 17, 18f
promotive 229
structure of 6, 10
traditional pyramid of 17f
Antenatal corticosteroids 314, 315, 321
Antenatal glucocorticoids 388
Antenatal management 192
Antenatal period 362
surgical intervention in 383
Antenatal steroids 315
Antenatal surveillance 221
Antenatal visit, timings of 353
Antepartum surveillance 83
Anthelmintic 259
treatment, preventive 274
Anthrax 242, 246
Antiallergics 259
Antiamebic 259
Antiasthmatics 259
Antibiotics 140
prophylaxis 388
Anti-D administration, indications of 187b
Antidepressants 259
Antidiabetics 259
Antidiarrheals 259
Antiemetics 259
Antiepileptic 258
drugs 172
titrating 32
Antifungal agents 142, 255
Antihypertensive 259, 299t
medications 298, 299t
Antimalarials 27, 257
Antineoplastic agents 264
Antipsychotics 259
Antiretroviral 259
drugs 197
therapy 33, 196
Antithyroid drugs 259
Antitubercular drugs 257
Antivirals 266
Aorta, descending 108
Aortic isthmus
Doppler 328
reverse 328
site of 329f
Appendicectomy 397
Appendicitis 383
acute 151
Appetite, loss of 162
Areola 345, 345f
Arnold-Chiari malformation 114
Artemisinin therapy 163
Arterial pressure 386
Artesunate 257
Arthritis 166
Arthritis-dermatitis syndrome 167
Aspiration 387
Assisted reproduction technique 121
Asthma 26
Asymptomatic bacteriuria 158, 221, 272, 320
antibiotics for 274
Atosiban 316
Autoimmune
diseases 168
disorders 30, 32, 32b, 284
Autosomal recessive disorders 34
Auxiliary nurse midwives 7
Azithromycin 147, 160, 164, 167, 168, 255, 388
Azole antifungals 142
Azygous vein 109f
B
Baby's signs of Hunger 339
Bacillus
anthracis 246
calmette-guérin 247
Bacteremia 245
Bacterial infection 60, 241
anaerobic 142
Bacterial vaginosis 59, 60, 69, 142, 143, 166, 167
Bacteroides 142
Basal metabolic rate 231
Basic blood investigations 11
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome 378
Benzathine penicillin 166
Benzene 172
Beta-agonists 317
Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin 11, 21, 170
Beta-lactams 158, 160
Betamethasone 313, 314
Beta-thalassemia 47
Bexarotene 262
Bile acid 139
Bilirubin 134
Biochemical screening 72
Biometric parameters 90
Biophysical profile 14, 14t, 92
role of 14
Biotin 236
Biparietal diameter 20, 91
Birth
injury 213
position 370
preparedness 351
and complication readiness, components of 352
Bladder 113f
level 112
stones 158
Bleeding, causes of 170, 171b
Blood
loss, acute 285
serum 195
Blood pressure 297
control 304, 305
diastolic 297
measurement 297
systolic 297
targets 305
urgent 304f
Blood sugar 53, 54
evaluation of 53t
fasting 225
Blood transfusion 291, 355
indications of 291b
risks with 291
Blood-borne diseases 155
Body mass index 2830
history of 9
Body, homeostasis of 155
Bologna score 368
Bone marrow 48, 51
aspiration and biopsy 44
disorder 44
Bordetella pertussis 243
Bowel perforation 176
Breast 344f
abscess 345
care of 339
correctly, remove child from 347
engorgement 343, 344f
infection 344, 344f
milk 347
nipple 345
pads 347
shells 349f, 350
Breastfeeding 193, 248, 339, 342
ABCs of 339
best positions for 339, 341f
contraindications of 340
hormonal control of 340f
information 345
positions, right 341f
Buccal mucosa 157
Butoconazole 142
C
Calcium 233, 235
supplementation 10
Calories intake 231
Candida
albicans 141
infection 140
glabrata 140
infection 141
tropicalis 140
Captopril 263
Carbamazepine 262, 263
Carbenicillin 254
Carbohydrate 235
choice of 215
Carboprost 395
Cardiac arrhythmias 303
Cardiac blood 208
Cardiac disorders 31b
Cardiac failure, risk of 127
Cardiac output 384, 386
Carotid artery
left common 77
right common 77
Cataract 160
congenital 207
Cavum septum pellucidum 97, 101f, 102
Cefaclor 253
Cefadroxil 253
Cefazolin 253
Cefixime 253
Cefoperazone 253
Cefotaxime 253
Cefpirome 254
Ceftazidime 253
Ceftriaxone 158, 160, 164, 253
Cefuroxime 253
Central nervous system 386
Cephalexin 253
Cephalic version, external 185
Cephalosporins 253, 388
Cerebral complications 162
Cerebral malaria 156
Cerebral palsy 379
Cerebral placental ratio 301, 325
Cervical
cerclage 311
dilation 310
ectropion 179
malignancies 178
polyps 178
screening 310
stress test 120
Cervicovaginal fetal fibronectin 310
Cervix 120
Cesarean section 224, 301
Chenodeoxycholic acid 137
Chest 103
Chickenpox 160
Childbirth delivery 6
Chlamydia 60, 65, 66, 70, 146, 156, 167, 178
cervicitis 167
infection 146
trachomatis 59, 66
Chloramphenicol 254, 262
Chloride 235
Chlorobiphenyls 262
Chloroquine 257
Cholecystectomy 383
Cholecystitis ovarian disorders 383
Cholestasis 138
Cholic acid 137
Choline 235
Chorioamnionitis 166, 314
Chorioamniotic membranes 313
Chorionic villus sampling 12, 13, 187
Chorionicity, establishment of 122
Chorioretinitis 160
Chromium 235, 238
Chromosomal abnormalities 72
Ciprofloxacin 255
Clarithromycin 160, 255
Cleft lip 234
bilateral 103f
Cleft palate 103f
bilateral 103f
Clindamycin 160, 255, 388
Clotrimazole 142
Cloxacillin 254
Clubfoot 117f
Coamoxiclav 160
Cocaine 262, 263
Cold cough remedies 259
Colicky pain, acute 152
Communication 375
technologies 400
Compatible blood donors 355
Complete blood count 43
Comprehensive antenatal program 5
Conception, products of 174
Condoms 196
Congenital malformations 72
risk of 378
Congenital structural defects, detection of 19
Conjunctivitis 157
Connective tissue disorders 168
Constipation, interventions for 276
Contact™ nipple shields 348f
Contraception 196, 226, 380
advice 360
counseling for 361
Contraceptive
implants 197
injectable 197
long-acting reversible 362
method 197, 360
Coombs test, indirect 188
Copper 235, 238
Cord
attachment 118f
insertion 112f, 117
Corpus callosum 101f
Corpus luteal cyst 153
rupture of 153
Corpus luteum 386
Correct latch, signs of 342f
Corticosteroids 262, 265
Corynebacterium diphtheria 242
Cough, chronic 9
Coumarin anticoagulants 263
Coxsackievirus 159, 207
Cradle position 339
Cranial abnormalities 88f
C-reactive protein 313
Crown-rump length 85, 91
Cyanocobalamin 235, 294
Cyclooxygenase 259
Cyclooxygenase inhibitors 316
Cyclophosphamide 262, 264
Cycloserine 257
Cystic lesion 104
Cystitis 168
Cytochrome oxidase 238
Cytomegalovirus 78, 165, 203, 204, 206, 207
Cytostatic drugs 172
Cytotrophoblast 313
D
Danazol 262, 265
Danger signs 354
Darker skin pigments synthesize 10
Decidua 313
Deep vein thrombosis, risk of 384
Delivery
mode of 379
route 221
after surgery during pregnancy 396
saving money for 355
timing of 221, 379
Delivery decision 307t
mild-to-moderate hypertension 307f
Delphi consensus 325t
Dengue 163
treatment 164
Dermatitis 345
Dermatographia artefacta 134
Dermoepidermal junction 135
Deworming 288, 353
Dexamethasone 138, 314
Dextrose normal saline 222
Diabetes mellitus 28, 55, 140, 210, 388
postpartum screening for 224
pre-existing 210
pregestational 29
prevalence of 9
screening for 52
Diarrhea 138
Diazepam 266
Dietary modification 287
Diethylstilbestrol 264
Digital vaginal examination 312
Diphtheria 242
Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, doses of 241
DIPSI test, advantages of 52
Direct antiglobulin test 49
Diuretics 172
Docosahexaenoic acid 232, 233
Docosanoids 232
Documentation 93
Down's syndrome 11, 34, 72, 73, 78, 220
D-penicillamine 266
Drug interaction antiretrovirals 197t
Dual marker test 12
Ductus arteriosus 109
Ductus venosus 330f
Doppler 327, 328f
Dyspareunia 144
Dyspnea 284
E
Early pregnancy, pain in 150, 152
Echogenic bowel 75f, 78
Eclampsia 9, 306
Ectopic pregnancy 153, 176, 177, 185
diagnosis of 153
unruptured 96
Edema 141, 276
Edward syndrome 11
Electronic fetal monitoring 369
Embryo
quality 376
transfer 378
Enalapril 263
Endocrine disorder 55
Endometritis 168
End-tidal carbon dioxide 392
Enteric infection 164
Enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 26
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 162, 201
Epigastric discomfort 134
Epigenetic 378
Episiotomy 370
Ertapenem 254
Erythema 141
Erythematous maculopapular rash 205
Erythromycin 167, 388
Erythropoietin 292
Escherichia coli 274
Estimated fetal weight 325
Estrogen, high levels of 133
E-technology, use of 402, 403f
Ethambutol 257
Ethionamide 257
Ethylene oxide 172
Excessive uterine enlargement 177
Exercises 216
Expiratory reserve volume 386
Explorative laparotomy 390
Extramedullary hematopoiesis 161
Eyeballing 119
F
Facial abnormalities 88f
Fainting attacks 153
Fallopian tube 176
Famciclovir 165, 256
Family planning 63
Fasting guidelines 387
Fasting plasma glucose 29, 212
Fats 215, 232
Fatty acid 232
saturated 232
unsaturated 232
Fatty foods 387
Febuxostat 258
Female factor infertility 380
Femur length 87f, 91
Ferric carboxymaltose 290
Ferric gluconate 290
Fertile period 198
Fetal acidosis 332
low incidence of 332
Fetal anatomy survey 98
Fetal anemia 187
detection of 187
Fetal aneuploidy
dichorionic twins for 125
screening 19
Fetal anomaly scan 97t
Fetal assessment 392
indices for 324
Fetal biometry 97
Fetal brain development 394
Fetal breathing movements 14
Fetal calcium requirement 233
Fetal cardiotoxicity 136
Fetal cord blood 208
Fetal echocardiography 92, 378
indications for 92
Fetal environment 117
Fetal erythrocytes 185
Fetal evaluation 300, 305
Fetal fibronectin 313
Fetal growth 97
Fetal growth restriction 125, 126, 301, 323, 325, 325f, 329, 331
diagnosis of 125
early-onset 333t
management of 125, 332
risk factors for 324t
Fetal heart
rate 14, 387
monitoring 387, 389
reduced 329
Fetal hypoxia, degree of 326
Fetal intrauterine milieu 139
Fetal macrosomia 152, 221, 379
Fetal medicine expert 78
Fetal movement 14
Fetal neuroprotection 318
Fetal oxygenation, maintain 392
Fetal posture 14
Fetal protein metabolism 156
Fetal reduction, asystole for 128
Fetal structural anomalies 385
Fetal surveillance 301f
Fetal tissue testing 208
Fetal tone 14
Fetomaternal complications 20
Fever 155, 156
Fibers 216, 235
First trimester
care 11
scan, methodology of 85
screening 11, 18, 85
Fluconazole 142, 256, 266
Fluid management 306, 391
Fluorescence in situ hybridization 13
Fluoride 235
Fluoroquinolones 255
Folate 26
deficiency 294
sensitive congenital anomalies 27
Folic acid 43, 234, 236, 375
antagonists 264
dosing of 26
role of 26
supplementation 9
Foot-to-leg, relation of 115
Foramen ovale 107f
Formaldehyde 172
Foscarnet 256
Four-chamber heart 105
Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin 47
Fungal pneumonia 159
G
Galactocele 345
Ganciclovir 256
Gardnerella vaginalis 142, 143
Gastroesophageal reflux 385
Gastrointestinal disease 155
Gastrointestinal tract 139
Genetic disorders 33
burden of 72
common 72
high risk of 34
Genital infection 145
Gentamicin 255
German measles 203
Gestational age
fetuses 21, 380
small for 29, 36, 323
Gestational diabetes mellitus 5254, 155, 210, 221224, 227, 271
consequences of 226
management of 213
Gestational glucose intolerance 53, 211, 213
Gestational hypertension 226
Gestational hypothyroidism 55
Gestational trophoblastic disease 170, 177
Gestational weight gain 270
Gestosis, severe 301
Gland tissue, destruction of 55
Glomerular filtration rate 385, 386
Glucose
6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency 49
challenge test 211
intolerance 210
categories of 212t
diagnosis of 210
levels 223t
monitoring 216
self-monitoring of 218
tolerance, impaired 225
Glyburide 217, 219
Glycemic management 222
Glycoprotein 313
Glycosylated hemoglobin 212
Gonorrhea 60, 65, 66, 70, 146, 147, 167, 178
Graves’ disease 56
Gravid uterus 119, 150
Griseofulvin 256
Growth discrepancy 323
Growth restriction intervention trial 328
Guar gum 138
H
Haemophilus
ducreyi 60
influenza 159
vaginalis 142
Head circumference 91
Health workers 7
Healthcare facility 357
Heart
defect, congenital 234
disease 9, 29
congenital 380
Heartburn 275, 289
Hemodynamic instability, signs of 170
Hemodynamic management 391
Hemoglobin 9, 11, 43, 50
concentration 283t
electrophoresis 45
Hemoglobinopathy 43, 50fc, 284
Hemolytic anemia 48, 284
drug-induced 47
Hemophilia 244
Hemorrhage 245
acute 291
antepartum 9, 31
fetomaternal 185
intraventricular 379
postpartum 307
Hemorrhoids 179
Heparin 260
Hepatic failure, acute 162
Hepatitis
A 162, 242, 244
infection 244
B 61, 68, 70, 162, 189, 190, 191t, 197, 242, 244
chronic 190
E antigen 189
immunoglobulin 191
surface antigen 70, 189, 191
vaccine 34, 193
B core
antibody 190, 191
antigen 189
B virus 65, 189
infection 189, 192fc
C 162
virus 70
E 162
Hepatomegaly 207
Hereditary spherocytosis 48
Herpes 164
treatment 165
Herpes simplex 61, 69, 207, 345f
virus 59, 65, 203, 207
diagnosis of 69
infection 164
Heterogeneous antibody 164
High fever 386
High nuchal fold 100f
Hodgkin's lymphoma 168
Homocysteine levels 48
Homogenous placenta 117
Hormonal contraception 197, 197t
Hormonal contraceptive
combined 29
drugs 197
Hormones 265
Hospital information 402
Howell-Jolly bodies 47
Human chorionic gonadotropin 56
Human immunodeficiency virus 33, 62, 65, 66, 165, 195, 198, 272
diagnosis of 67
infection 33, 195
prevention 275
test for 8
testing and counseling 196
Human normal immunoglobulin 205
Human papillomavirus 35, 59, 61, 69, 247
Human phospholipid 133
Human teratogens 262, 262t
Hydatidiform mole 177
Hydration 320
Hydrogel pads 349f
Hydronephrosis 75f, 78
mild 73
Hyperechogenic bowel 73
Hyperechoic lungs 104
Hyperglycemia 52, 219
Hypertension 9, 297
management of mild-to-moderate 298
Hypertensive disorders 9, 16, 30, 31, 297, 298t, 375
management of 298, 301
severe 302b, 306t
Hypertensive emergency 305
Hypoglycemia 213
management of 219
monitored for 314
Hypoplastic nasal bone 75
Hypostatic pneumonia 300
Hypotension 392
Hypothyroid 55
Hypothyroidism, prevalence of 56
Hypovolemia 391
I
Icterus 285
Ideal weight gain 217t
Idiopathic bleeding 179
Imidazole antifungals 142
Immunoglobulin G 205, 247
Immunoprophylaxis 193
Immunosuppressive therapy 140
Indomethacin 316
Induction agents 393
Indwelling catheter 154
Infection 205, 284, 386
prevention 197
primary 164
spread of 151
Infectious diseases 207
Influenza 243
preventing 35
virus 159
Inhalation anesthetics 393
Inhaled nitrous oxide 395
Insomnia 134
Inspired oxygen, fraction of 389
Insulin 223t, 227, 260
analogs 219
self-administering 218
therapy 218
Intact ventricular septum 107f, 108f
Intertwin discordance 125
Intra-abdominal organs 151
Intracardiac echogenic focus 75f, 77
Intracranial calcification 203, 207
Intracranial translucency 20
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection 46, 377
Intramuscular injection 396
Intrapartum
glucose targets 222
management 193, 221, 306
monitoring 307
uterine, treatment of 317
Intrauterine contraceptive device 197, 361
postpartum 361
Intrauterine death 207
Intrauterine device 29, 362
Intrauterine fetal death 136, 156
Intrauterine growth restriction 18, 62, 126, 156, 206, 207, 325t
Intrauterine infection 164
Intrauterine insemination 199
Intrauterine pregnancy 174
Intubation 391
In-vitro fertilization 46, 375
management of 375
special indications for 380
technique of 375
Iodine 235, 237
deficiency disorders 237
Iron 9, 235
absorption of 287
deficiency anemia 27, 46, 47, 51, 285287, 293
treatment of 292
folic acid 239
sucrose 290
supplementation 27
Isoniazid 257
Isophane 227
Isotretinoin 264
Isoxsuprine 317
Itraconazole 256, 266
J
Janani Sishu Suraksha Karyakram 356
Janani Suraksha Yojana 4
Japanese encephalitis 242, 246
Jaundice 162
treatment of 162
K
Kanamycin 255
Keratitis 166
Ketoconazole 256
Ketonuria, monitoring for 217
Kidney
disease, chronic 48
function 227
Klebsiella 158
Kleihauer-Betke test 186
Koplik spots 157, 205
L
Labetalol 299, 304
Labia majora 141
Labor
induction of 224
insulin in 222
management of 318
respectful care in 367
room 370
support during 369
Lactate dehydrogenase 298
Lactational amenorrhea method 361
Lactic acidosis 219
Lambda sign 123, 123f
Lamivudine 162
Laparoscopic surgery 177
Laparoscopy 389
Laparotomy 389
Laryngitis 158
Last menstrual period 11, 91
Laxatives 259
Leflunomide 266
Left outflow tract 107, 108f
Left subclavian artery 77
Leg cramps 276
Leukemia 44, 168
Leukocytosis 305
Leukopenia 44, 163
Levofloxacin 255
Limb 114
defects 234
movements 14
Linezolid 255
Liquid chromatography, high-performance 45, 50
Lisinopril 263
Listeria 207
Lithium 264
Liver
disease, chronic 68, 244
enzymes 190
function test 49, 134
abnormal 133
Low back pain 276
Low birth weight 36, 62
Low glycemic food 214
Lower respiratory tract infections, drugs used for 258
Low-potency topical corticosteroids 142
Lung
maturation supplements 83
short 104
Lymphoma 168
M
Macrocytic anemia 47
Macroglossia 104f
Macrosomia 9, 226
Magnesium 235, 238
Magnesium sulfate 317, 318, 321
box 304f
contraindications 303
monitoring of 303
overdose 303
Maintenance therapy 312
Malabsorption syndrome 27
Malaria 162, 163
parasitemia 207
treatment 163
Male circumcision 197
Male factor infertility 381
Manganese 235, 238
Mass media campaigns 356
Mastitis 344, 345f
Maternal and fetal assessment 271
Maternal blood
group 173
pressure 20
Maternal circulation 185
Maternal complications, risk of 319
Maternal health 368
Maternal healthcare services, part of 16
Maternal hypotension 390
Maternal hypothyroidism, primary 56
Maternal immunization hesitancy 249
Maternal mortality 371
ratio 6
Maternal position 393
Maternal serum 21
biochemistry, role of 124
Maternal teratogen exposure 93
McBurney's point 151
Mean corpuscular volume 47, 50
Measles 205
mumps, and rubella 34, 247
Mebendazole 274
Mechanical ventilation 392
Medical cerclage 311
Medical eligibility criteria 361
Medical nutrition therapy 213
Mefloquine 257
Membrane
artificial rupture of 293, 370
prelabor rupture of 166
premature rupture of 62
Meningitis 166, 245
signs of 157
Meningocele 116f
Meningococcal disease 245
Menopause 6
Mental disorder 401
Mental problems 379
Mental retardation 160
Meropenem 254
Metformin 217, 219
Methicillin 254
Methimazole 266
Methotrexate 176, 177
Methyl mercury 265
Methylation 378
Methylergonovine 395
Metronidazole 145, 146, 167
dose of 146
gel 144
Mezlocillin 254
Miconazole 142, 255
Micro-birth planning 10
Microcephaly 160
Microcytic anemia 45
types of 47t
Micrognathia 104f
Microphthalmia 160, 207
Middle cerebral artery 91, 101f, 188, 326
Doppler flow 327f
peak systolic velocity 126
Mid-trimester scan
aim of 86
methodology of 86
Milk stasis 344
Minerals 237
Minimum alveolar concentration 386
Miscarriage 58, 152, 171, 174, 175, 376, 377, 385
complete 175
incomplete 152, 175
missed 175
rate 380
risk of 205, 385
spontaneous 31, 213
subcategories of 174t
threatened 175
Misoprostol 172, 264
Mistreatment, types of 371
Mobiluncus 143
species 142
Molar pregnancy 171, 177, 185
Molybdenum 235
Monitoring excess dose 303
Monochorionic monoamniotic pregnancy 129f
Monochorionic twins 121f, 125, 128
complications of 127
Mother-to-child transmission 63
Motile trichomonads 166
Motivational messages 401
Moxifloxacin 255
Müllerian anomaly 312
Multifetal pregnancy 98, 124
diagnosis of 121
incidence of 121
reduction 122
therapy in 128
ultrasonography in 129
ultrasound in 121
Multiorgan failure 245
Multiple gestations 376
assessment of 20
Multiple pregnancy 309, 379, 380
serial monitoring protocol of 125
Multiple tocolytic agents 321
Multivessel fetal Doppler 91
Multivitamins 26
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 155
Mycoplasma 142
pneumoniae 159
Myelodysplastic syndrome 44
Myelofibrosis 44
Myocarditis 161
N
Nasal bone 76
absent 75f
National Family Health Survey 43
National Nutritional Anemia Control Programme 43
National Rural Health Mission 6
Nausea 138, 162, 275, 289
Neck 103
Neisseria
gonorrhoeae 59, 155
meningitidis 245
Neonatal abnormalities 207, 207t
Neonatal death, intrapartum-related 6
Neonatal infections 6
Neonatal intellectual defects 58
Neonatal intensive care unit 7, 137
Neonatal support with emergent delivery 395
Nephropathy 227
Nestroft test 46
Neural tube defects 220, 234
Neuraxial anesthesia 390
doses for 390
management of 390
Neuraxial blockade 391
Neurological symptoms 156, 157
Neuromuscular blocking agents 393
Neurotoxicity, risk of 394
Niacin 235
Nifedipine 299, 316
Nine months, ultrasound in 83
Nipple
care products, useful 347
cracked 342, 343f
creams, use of 344
damaged 342
inverted 343, 343f
moisturize 347
retracted 343, 343f
shields 350
sore 342, 347
vasospasm of 345, 346f
Nitrofurantoin 255
Nitrous oxide donor 318
Non-hydropic fetus 187
Noninfective fever 168
Noninvasive prenatal testing, role of 12
Nonobstetric surgery 390
intervention 385
principles of 398
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 172
Nonstress test 14, 224
Nonurgent surgery 385
Noonan's syndrome 19
Norfloxacin 255
Normal and anemic women 283t
Normocytic anemia 48
causes of 48
Nuchal fold 75
Nuchal translucency 11, 19, 85f
Nucleic acid amplification test 70, 145, 146, 167
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor 197
Nutchal transluceny 124
Nutrients 231
Nutrition 231
Nutritional interventions 26, 269
Nutritional therapy 213
Nystatin 142
O
Obesity 28
preconceptional care in 28
Obstetric causes 6
Obstetric cholestasis 133, 134, 138, 139
etiology of 133
incidence of 133
role in 133
treatment of 136
Obstetric complications 9, 143, 355, 376
Obstetric emergencies 268
Obstetric management 221
postoperative 396
Ofloxacin 255
Oocytes, retrieval of 375
Operative deliveries 370
Opportunistic infection 160
Optic neuritis 166
Oral amoxicillin 147
Oral blood-glucose-lowering agents 9
Oral contraceptives, combined 197
Oral glucose
challenge test 212t, 271
tolerance test, interpretations of 225t
Oral hypoglycemic 224
agents 219
Oral iron
intake 289b
therapy 288
Oral nifedipine 304
Oseltamivir 159
Osmotic fragility test 49
Otitis media 245
Outflow tract 107
right 108, 109f
Outpatient departments 96
Overweight 28
and obese women 28t
Oxytocin 395
antagonist 316
receptor antagonist 316
P
Packed cell volume 298
Pagophagia 285
Pain control, postoperative 393
Pallor 285
Pantothenic acid 235
Paramyxovirus 247
Parasites 156
Parenteral iron 290
therapy 290, 290b
Parenteral therapy 289
Parenting stress 380
Parent-to-child transmission, prevention of 196
Partograph 369
Parvovirus 161
B infection 206
B19 161, 204, 207, 208
infection 205
infection 161
Patau's syndrome 11
Patent ductus arteriosus 207
Pathologic vaginal organisms, growth of 140
Pathophysiological lactation failure 346
Peak fertility 198
Peak systolic velocity 187, 188
Pelvic inflammatory disease 62, 143, 172
Pelvic pain 276
Pemphigoid gestationis 135
Penicillin 160, 388
Performing scan, methodology of 90
Pericallosal artery 101f
Perigenital lacerations 179
Peripheral blood smear 47, 302
Persistent fever 156
Pertussis 243
Pharmacologic therapy 217
Pharmacological agents 136
Pharmacotherapy 301
Pharyngitis 158
Phenobarbitone 137
Phenotypic assays 50
Phenytoin 263, 303
Phosphatidylcholine 133
Phosphorus 235
Physical abuse 371
Physiological changes 386t
Piperacillin 254
Placenta 87, 252
abruption 298
cord insertion in 117
dysfunction 20
grading of 118
growth factor 19
integrity 241
isoenzyme, elevation of 136
masses, number of 123
normal 117
penetrating 117
tissue testing 208
transfer 260
Placental insufficiency
mild 332
severe 332
signs of 323
Plasma
glucose 212
protein A, pregnancy associated 19
volume 384
Plasmodia 156
Plasmodium falciparum 275
Platelets 305
Pleural effusion 163
Pneumatic compression 388
Pneumococcal disease 245
Pneumonia 159, 245
level of 159
Polychorionic pregnancies 125
Polycystic ovarian syndrome 219, 379
Polyene antifungals 142
Polyhydramnios 226
Polymerase chain reaction 64, 202
Polysaccharide vaccine 245
Porphyromonas 143
Positive pregnancy experience 267
Post-abortion complications 9
Postnatal vaccination 248
Postpartum 293
depression 233
hemorrhage 3, 28, 31, 379
management 193
period 223
screening 212
Potassium 235
Practice good hygiene 346
Prader-Willi syndrome 378
Pre-conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques Act 120
Preconceptional care 25, 26, 29t, 226
components of 25
evidence for 25
points 29t, 31b, 32b, 33b, 36b
role of 27
whorl of 25f
Preconceptional folic acid 26
Pre-eclampsia 9, 58, 226, 298
incidence of 56
severe 376, 307t
Pre-exposure prophylaxis 196, 197, 275
Pregnancy 6, 140, 157
and labor, danger signs during 354t
atopic eruption of 135
beginning of 18
biochemical 376
complications 400
effect of 151
extrauterine 154
information 402
intrahepatic cholestasis of 133, 135
last trimester of 231
loss 152
medical disorders of 379
micronutrients during 234, 235t
monochorionic 126
of unknown location 174
planned 360
plaques of 135
quality of 401
registration of 352
reproductive age-desiring 198
stages of 55
symptoms during 8
vaccination 241, 249
vaccines 244
contraindicated during 246
Pregnant serodiscordant women 199
Pregnant uterus 150
Pregnant woman 10, 398
registration of 10
with abnormalities 206
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis 46
Prematurity, risk of 323
Prenatal diagnosis 34
technique 73
Preoxygenated nonpregnant woman 391
Preoxygenation 391
Pre-pregnancy 375
Preterm birth 309
causes of 309
high risk for 12
risk factors for 309
Preterm delivery 62
Preterm labor 27, 55, 58, 170, 312, 379
advanced 312
diagnosis of 312
established 312
management of 313
pain 309
prevention of 311
risk factors of 310
suspected 312
threatened 312
women with 312
Preterm prelabor rupture 166
Preterm premature rupture 170
Prevotella 142, 143
Primaquine 257
Profile face 104f
Progesterone 133, 153, 363
high levels of 133
injectable 363
only contraceptives 29
supplementation 320, 396
therapy 311
Prophylactic corticosteroids 388
Prophylactic dose 9
Prophylactic tocolytics 388
Propionibacterium species 142
Propofol 391
Propylthiouracil 30
Prostaglandins 316
Protein 215, 235
requirement 231
Proven teratogenic drugs 263
Pruritic urticarial papules 135
Pruritus 133, 135fc, 141
management pathways for 134
Psychiatric medications 264
Psychosocial issues 35
Pteroylmonoglutamate 234
Public health
clinics 371
problems 269
Pulmonary artery, main 109f
Pulmonary aspiration, perioperative 387
Pulmonary effects 384
Pulmonary embolism diseases 155
Pulmonary vascular resistance 386
Pulmonary veins 107f
Pumping and storing milk 342
Purelan™ 100 lanolin cream 348f
Pyelonephritis 158
Pyrazinamide 257
Pyridoxine 270
Pyrimethamine 274
Q
Quality assurance 372
Quinine 257
R
Rabies 242, 246
Rapid eye movement 14
Rapid plasma reagin 70, 206
Rapid sequence intubation 386
Rash 156
Raynaud's phenomenon 345
Red blood cell 185
Red cell distribution width 47
Reduced end diastolic flow 301, 302
Regional anesthesia 390
neuraxial 390
Renal disease 9
Renal failure 158
Reproductive age group 214t
Reproductive tract infection 59, 63, 196
Residual volume 386
Respiratory alkalosis, chronic 384
Respiratory distress syndrome 213
Respiratory tract infections 155, 158
Reticulocyte count 44
Retinal disease 227
Retinoids 172
Rhabdovirus 246
Rheumatoid arthritis 32
Rhinitis 158
Rh-isoimmunized pregnancy, management of 187, 188
Rh-negative 187
pregnancy, management of 185, 186fc
Riboflavin 235, 236
Ribonucleic acid 243
Rifabutin 257
Rifampicin 257
Rigors 156
Ringer's lactate 302
Rocuronium 394
Rubella 161, 203, 207, 208
syndrome, congenital 161
S
Sacrococcygeal teratoma 116f
S-adenosyl methionine 138
Safe and dry™
ultra thin nursing pads 348f
washable bra pads 349f
Safe drugs 251
Salmonella typhi 155, 246
Salpingectomy 153, 177
Salpingostomy 153
Screening thyroid disorders 55
Second trimester
aneuploidy screening 72
screening 13, 72
soft markers 73
ultrasonography, role of 73
Sedation 390
Sedative medication 390
Seizure
disorders 31
prevention and control 302
Selected drugs 262
Selenium 235, 238
deficiency 133
Sepsis 158
signs of disseminated 176
Septic abortion 176
Septic miscarriages 152
Septic shock, signs of 176
Septum secundum 107f
Serodiscordant couples 195, 198, 199
Serologic test 64, 203
Serum 203
alkaline phosphatase 136, 298
ferritin 45
folate assays 48
glutamic
oxaloacetic transaminase 298
pyridoxal phosphate 298
hepcidin 45
iron studies 45
uric acid 298
Sexually transmitted
diseases 59, 140, 155
infections 59, 60t, 62, 63, 65t
screening for 59
Short rub syndromes 104
Shoulder dystocia 213
Sickle cell disease 48, 49
Sigmoid colon 113f
Single nucleotide polymorphism 50
Single sore spot 344f
Sinusitis 158
Situs solitus 106f
Skilled birth attendant 369
plan for 354
Skin
disorders 134
pigmentation 10
rash 157
Skin-to-skin
care 371
contact 371
Slapped cheek syndrome 204
Smartphone applications 400, 401
Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome 19
Sodium 235
Soluble transferrin receptor 47
Sonographic fetal micturating cystourethrogram 93
Spectinomycin 147
Sperm abnormality, prevalence of 199
Spinal muscular atrophy 19
Spine 114
longitudinal sagittal view of 116f
sagittal longitudinal view of 114f
Staphylococcus 155
aureus 159
Steatorrhea 134
Stillbirth 207
Strawberry cervix 145
Streptococcus 248
pneumonae 159, 245
Streptomycin 255, 257
Stress 402
Strict bed rest 300
Subchorionic
bleeding 179
hematoma 56
Suboptimal zinc nutrition 237
Substance abuse 35
Succinylcholine 394
Sudden infant death syndrome 238
Sulfadoxine 274
Sulfonamides 254
Superoxide dismutase 238
Swine flu 159
Symphysis-fundal height measurement 273
Syphilis 60, 64, 65, 166, 207
Systemic lupus erythematosus 32, 287
Systemic vascular resistance 386
T
T sign 123, 123f
Tachycardia 163
Tenofovir 193
Teratogenic drugs 260, 266
Teratogenicity 260, 395
Terconazole 142
Termination of pregnancy 6
Tetanus 353
diphtheria
and pertussis 35
vaccine 242
diphtheria, and acellular pertussis 242, 353
vaccine 243
toxoid
doses of 353
vaccination 274
Tetracycline 254, 265
Thalassemia 34, 45, 46
confirmatory tests for 45
pre-natal screening of 46
Thalidomide 265
Thayer-Martin media 146
Thiamine 235
Third trimester
monitoring 14
scans 89
indications for 89
Threatened labor, management of 319
Thrombocytopenia 44, 163
Thrombophilia 388
Thromboprophylaxis 388
Thrombotic episodes, risk of 300
Thyroid
disorders 29, 30b, 55
gland 55
hormones, production of 55
peroxidase 56
Thyroid-stimulating hormone 30, 55
Tigecycline 255
Tinidazole 146
Tobramycin 255
Tocolysis 315
therapy 315
Tocolytic 319
therapy, prophylactic perioperative 388
treatment 321
Tocolytic drugs 315
less effective 317
TORCH
management of 201
panel results 201
test, interpretation of 201
TORCH infections 203, 204fc
risk of 202
symptoms of 202
Torsion and neoplasm 383
Total iron-binding capacity 47
Total leukocyte count 298
Toxins 172
Toxoplasma gondii 202, 208
Toxoplasmosis 207
Trained birth attendants 354
Transcerebellar view 99, 100f
Transportation, plan for 354
Transthalamic view 98f
Transvaginal approach 119f
Transventricular view 99, 99f
Transverse spine 115f
Travel vaccinations 245
Treponema pallidum 64, 206
Triazole antifungals 142
Trichomonas 144
vaginalis 59, 69, 144, 145
infection, treatment of 145
therapy 145
vaginitis 140, 144
Trichomoniasis 60, 69, 144, 166
Trichorionic triplets 122f
Tricuspid regurgitation 20
Trisomy 21 soft markers 75f
Tuberculosis 9, 160, 273
drugs used for 258
management of 160
Tubo-ovarian abscess 176
Twin
dichorionic 122f, 125
pregnancy 125, 377
reversed arterial perfusion 127
sequence 127f
Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome 20, 127
Typhoid 242
fever 164, 246
U
Ultrasonographic equipment 84
Ultrasonography 91t, 96, 220
Ultrasound 83, 220
abnormalities detected in 206t
Umbilical artery 324
Doppler 301, 325, 326f, 330f
Umbilical cord 112f, 118, 118f
Unconjugated estriol 220
Underweight women 29t
Universal screening 201
Upper respiratory tract infections 158
drugs used for 258
Ureaplasma species 142
Urinary pregnancy test 178
Urinary retention 154
Urinary tract
anomalies 26, 234
infection 155, 158, 171, 172, 178, 221
drugs used for 258
Urine
pregnancy test 376
specimens 146
Ursodeoxycholic acid 137139
Uterine artery 12, 20
Doppler 301, 325, 326f
pulsatility index 126, 307
Uterine cavity 376
Uterine effects 395
Uteroplacental oxygen delivery 389
Uterus 120
relaxation 316
V
Vaccines 248
Vaginal bleeding 8, 170, 178, 385
Vaginal delivery, spontaneous 370
Vaginal discharge 140
Vaginal flora 142
Vaginal lacerations 179
Vaginal medications 140
Vaginal misoprostol 265
Vaginal pH 140
Vaginal trichomoniasis 167
Valacyclovir 165
Valproate 263
Vancomycin 255
Varicella 35, 206, 247
Varicella zoster
immunoglobulin 206
virus 204, 207, 247
Varicose veins 276
Vector-borne diseases 155
Vecuronium 394
Veillonella species 142
Vena cava
inferior 110f, 111f
superior 109f, 110f
Venereal disease research laboratory 70
Verbal abuse 371
Vertebra, body of 114
Viral hepatitis, acute 161
Viral infections 61, 241
Virus
load of 161
type of 161
Visualize heart 104
Vitamin
A 235
B1 235
B11 235
B12 43, 236
serum 48
B12 deficiency 43, 47, 294
severe 27
B2 235, 236
B3 235
B6 235, 236, 270
B7 236
C 235, 270, 287
D 10, 234, 235, 270
E 235, 270
K 139, 235
deficiency 136
water-soluble 139
Vomiting 138, 162, 275, 289
Vulval itching 167
Vulvovaginal candidiasis 140, 167
classification of 141
complicated 141
uncomplicated 141
Vulvovaginitis 166, 168
chronic 156
W
Warfarin 263
Water 235
WhatsApp groups 402
White cell count 386
Whooping cough 243
Women during pregnancy 140
Worm infection reduction programs, part of 274
Y
Yellow fever 242, 245
Z
Zidovudine 47
Zinc 235, 237
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Chapter Notes

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