Year Book of MEDICINE 2019
Year Book of MEDICINE 2019
Chief Editor
Gurpreet S Wander MD DM
Professor and Head Department of Cardiology Hero DMC Heart Institute Dayanand Medical College and Hospital Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Section Editors
Siddharth N Shah
Surinder K Jindal
VK Bahl
Ajay Kumar
Vivekanand Jha
R Rajasekar
Rohini Handa
Jyotirmoy Pal
Gagandeep Singh
Foreword
Siddharth N Shah
YP Munjal
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
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© 2019, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
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Year Book of Medicine 2019/Gurpreet S Wander
First Edition: 2019
9789389188738
Printed at
Chief Editor
- Gurpreet S Wander MD DM
- Professor and Head
- Department of Cardiology
- Hero DMC Heart Institute
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital
- Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Section Editors
- Siddharth N Shah MD FACP (Hon) FRCP (Edin)
- PG Teacher University of Mumbai
- Consultant, Bhatia
- SL Raheja, Saifee, and
- Sir HN Reliance Hospitals
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Surinder K Jindal MD
- Medical Director
- Jindal Clinics
- Emeritus-Professor
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research
- Chandigarh, India
- V K Bahl MD DM
- Dean (Academic)
- Chief, Cardio-Thoracic Centre
- Professor and Head
- Department of Cardiology
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi, India
- Ajay Kumar MD DM
- Chairman
- BLK Liver and Digestive Diseases Institute
- New Delhi, India
- Vivekanand Jha MD DM
- Executive Director The George Institute for Global Health
- Consultant Nephrologist
- Fortis Escorts Hospital
- New Delhi, India
- R Rajasekar MD
- Senior Consultant Physician and Diabetologist Heart and Diabetes Therapy Centre
- Kumbakonam, Tamil Nadu, India
- Rohini Handa MD DNB
- Senior Consultant
- Department of Rheumatology
- Apollo Indraprastha Hospitals
- New Delhi, India
- Jyotirmoy Pal MD
- Professor
- Department of Medicine
- RG Kar Medical College
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Gagandeep Singh MD DM
- Professor and Head Department of Neurology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital
- Ludhiana, Punjab, India
Associate Editors
- Ragini M Rohatgi MBBS
- Consulting Diabetologist
- Rohit Diabetes Centre
- Jeevan Vikas Kendra Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Naveen Mittal MD DM
- Professor
- Department of Endocrinology
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital
- Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- Uma Maheswari Krishnaswamy MD DM
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, St. Johns National Academy of Health Sciences
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- M Valliappan MD DM
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research
- Chandigarh, India
- Tiny Nair MD DM
- Professor and Head
- Department of Cardiology
- PRS Hospital
- Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Manav Wadhawan MD DM
- Director BLK Institute of Digestive and Liver Diseases,
- New Delhi, India
- Vineet Ahuja MD DM
- Professor
- Department of Gastroenterology and Human Nutrition All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi, India
- Praneet Wander MD
- PGY-6
- Gastroenterology Fellow
- Donald and Barbara
- Zucker School of Medicine
- North Shore LIJ Hospital
- New York, USA
- Gopesh K Modi MD DM
- Consultant
- Department of Nephrology
- Noble Samarpan Kidney Centre
- Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Joyita Bharati MD DM
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Nephrology
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research
- Chandigarh, India
- N Jeyalaxmi Devi MD
- Associate Professor
- Department of Pathology
- Government Kilpauk Medical College
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Packiamary Jerome MD
- Deputy General Superintendent
- Head of Department of Medicine
- In-charge ICU and RCU
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Neyveli, Tamil Nadu, India
- M Ananthi MD
- Consultant Physician
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Hospital
- Neyveli, Tamil Nadu, India
- Aman Sharma MD
- Professor
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Wing
- Department of Internal Medicine
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research
- Chandigarh, India
- Durga Prasanna Misra MD
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology
- Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences
- Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Uddalak Chakraborty MBBS
- Postgraduate Trainee (PGY-3)
- Department of General Medicine
- RG Kar Medical College and Hospital
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Tanuka Mandal MBBS
- Junior Resident
- Department of Medicine
- RG Kar Medical College
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Subhra Sankar Sen MBBS
- Junior Resident
- Department of General Medicine
- RG Kar Medical College and Hospital
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- PN Sylaja MD DM
- Professor of Neurology
- Comprehensive Stroke Care Program
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Niraj Kumar MD DM
- Additional Professor
- Department of Neurology
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
Siddharth N Shah MD FACP (Hon) FRCP (Edin)
PG Teacher, University of Mumbai
Consultant, Bhatia, SL Raheja
Saifee, and Sir HN Reliance Hospitals
Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
YP Munjal MD MAMS FRCP (Edin)
Medical Director and Honorary Senior Consultant
Diabetes and Life Style Disease Center
Banarsidas Chandiwala Institute of Medical Sciences
New Delhi, India
We are happy to write this foreword for the “Year Book of Medicine 2019” which, like the last year, covers newer developments that have happened in the field of medicine in all the subspecialities. There are three principal approaches to learning medicine and keeping abreast of latest developments—Lectures, Journals and Textbooks. Each approach has its place in the educational armamentarium and each leads itself to imparting certain facts, ideas and concepts best. A present day physician should be well-versed with the newer developments in all subspecialities and then needs to put the knowledge into practice for managing patients. Medicine cannot be learnt in the classrooms or in the libraries. It has to be a mixture of knowledge factually gained from clinical trials that are conducted across the globe, meaningful interpretation of data and then application of that knowledge toward better patient care. In that sense this year book fulfills all the requirements since it carries around 20 articles from each of the 9 subspecialities of medicine and has comments from subject experts who are academicians and practicing clinicians who use their knowledge for better patient care. A physician's role has become more important since overall organization of patient care is best done by a general physician in the present day (era) of superspecialization. Knowledge of all subspecialities will help you to coordinate therapy since patients often have multisystem and multiple diseases.
The purpose of this book is to bring you closer to the current advances. Relevant and important articles have been carefully chosen for each section. We are sure that this book will be of enormous value for postgraduate students and practicing physicians. It offers easy reading since each article has a short commentary which tells us the interpretation of that article by a subject expert. We wish this book reaches to maximum physicians and earnestly request the physicians across the country to manage patients scientifically with compassion and with care. Empathy and love for patients is the basic requirement along with good contemporary knowledge and wisdom for interpretation of this data. Everything may not be feasible in the kind of practice you are in but, one should be aware of the best possible forms of therapy and we should not hesitate to seek help from colleagues in various subspecialities for better patient outcomes.
PREFACE
“To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle, requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science”
– Albert Einstein
We are happy to bring the second “Year Book of Medicine 2019” which covers all significant articles published in the year 2017. This is following the “Year Book of Medicine 2018” which was widely accepted and read by postgraduate students and physicians in South Asia and other parts of the world. This Year Book is on the same pattern as last year for the comfort of the readers since they are familiar with the pattern that was chosen last year.
Most abstracts have been published as they appear in the journal. Wherever we could not get the paid permission we have drafted the abstract in our own language. The main content has been retained in the abstract. To an avid reader we would suggest that you go through the full article for better understanding. The commentary covers the topic and provides thoughts of subject experts on the article. They have mentioned as to how the article will impact our clinical practice. We have chosen articles from high impact journals and some from Indian journals. The book is in 9 sections of (1) Cardiology, (2) Chest and Critical Care, (3) Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, (4) Gastroenterology/Hepatology, (5) Infectious Diseases, HIV and TB, (6) Miscellaneous (Geriatrics, genetics, and pregnancy related), (7) Nephrology and Hypertension, (8) Neurology, and (9) Rheumatology and Immunology. Each section has around 20 articles covering useful new information in the literature.
I am personally thankful to Mr Jitender P Vij (Group Chairman) who has very passionately pushed all of us to complete this work. He truly is a great leader who is able to get the best out of all who get an opportunity to work with him. I consider myself lucky that I got a chance to work with Mr Vij and his team of Dr Richa Saxena (Chief Editor), Ms Shallu Mann (Assistant Manager), Dr Ekta (Senior Development Editor), and Mr Sourabh Jha (Copy Editor). Our subject experts who are the section editors are national experts and the best in their fields. Each one of them has 2–3 associate editors who have done excellent work in putting the commentaries in place. I would thank the management, my colleagues, and the library staff of Dayanand Medical College and Hospital. Muskan Sharma has been the architect of this book and has spent many hours in drafting, coordinating, and editing this book. But for her efforts this book would not have been possible.
I assure you that with this august section editors and resourceful publishing group Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Pvt Ltd, you will continue to get the Year Book of Medicine every year which only contains scientific data and experts opinion on the trials published over 1 year time.
Gurpreet S Wander