Antiepileptic Drugs
Antiepileptic Drugs
Editors
Arun Garg DM
Director Institute of Neurosciences Medanta – The Medicity
Gurugram, Haryana, India
Atma Ram Bansal DM
Senior Consultant Institute of Neurosciences Medanta – The Medicity
Gurugram, Haryana, India
Foreword
Kurupath Radhakrishnan
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
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Antiepileptic Drugs / Arun Garg, Atma Ram Bansal
First Edition : 2020
9789388958240
Printed at
Our neurology team especially Rajeev Goyal, Susant Bhuyan, and Abdul Muniem
Kurupath Radhakrishnan MD DM FAMS FAAN FANA
Senior Consultant Department of Neurosciences Avitis Institute of Medical Sciences Nemmara, Palakkad, Kerala, India
Former
Director, Department of Neurology and Head R Madhavan Nayar Center for Comprehensive Epilepsy Care Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute of Medical Sciences and Technology Trivandrum, Kerala, India
Head of Department of Neurology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal, Karnataka, India
Professor, Department of Neurology, and Head Amrita Advanced Epilepsy Center Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences Cochin, Kerala, India
After making a fairly convincing diagnosis of epileptic seizures, patients are usually initiated on therapy with drugs to control the seizures. Although these drugs help in achieving seizure control in majority of people with epilepsy (PWE) and are therefore very effective antiseizure drugs, there is little evidence to indicate that these drugs influence the process of epileptogenesis [and are therefore truly not antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)]. However, by frequent and prolonged usage, the term “Antiepileptic Drugs”, which the editors have chosen as the title of the book, has become so firmly engraved that it is very difficult to replace it by the more appropriate term “Antiseizure Drugs”.
Over the last three decades, several AEDs have been approved and available for use the world over. Out of the more than 20 AEDs approved, a dozen of them are in common usage today. Although this scenario has made the choice of the AEDs more wide-ranging and evidence-based, it has resulted in widespread misuse of them especially in the developing countries, where majority of PWE are diagnosed and treated by the primary and secondary care physicians who are oblivious of the recent advances in AED therapy.
If correctly chosen and administered, AEDs can result in controlling the seizures in more than two-thirds of PWE. In those who become free of seizures, the AEDs can be tapered and successfully discontinued in the majority in due course of time. However, disappointingly, even today, more than half of the PWE in the community, especially in developing countries, do not receive adequate AED therapy or receive no AED therapy at all. The AEDs not being available and affordable, inability of the primary and secondary care physicians to choose the appropriate AEDs with respect to the type of seizures and epilepsies, myths and misconceptions associated with epilepsy contribute to the treatment gap.
Dr Atma Ram Bansal and Dr Arun Garg have designed this book to address the above-described concerns inherent with the treatment of PWE in developing countries. Through 14 chapters, the book covers every aspect of AEDs including history, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, choice with respect to seizure types and epilepsy syndromes, adverse effects, when to initiate AEDs, and when and how to discontinue them. Additionally, special situations such as AED therapy in status epilepticus and in systemic disorders, in women of the child bearing age and during pregnancy and lactation, and in children and elderly are also deliberated. The authors of each chapter have narrated the topics assigned to them in a comprehensive manner. Several tables and figures strengthen and streamline the text.
Although the editors have primarily intended the book for non-neurologists engaged in treating PWE such as primary and secondary care physicians, pediatricians and psychiatrists, postgraduate students in internal medicine, pediatrics, psychiatry and neurology, and neurologists (both junior and senior, who are not hardcore epileptologists) will also immensely benefit by reading this book. Let me congratulate the authors of individual chapters for the contributions, and the editors for elegantly compiling the chapters. I strongly recommend this book to each and every one involved in the treatment of PWE.
CONTRIBUTORS
EDITORS
- Arun Garg DM
- Director
- Institute of Neurosciences
- Medanta – The Medicity
- Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Atma Ram Bansal DM
- Senior Consultant
- Institute of Neurosciences
- Medanta – The Medicity
- Gurugram, Haryana, India
CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS
- Aniruddha Vasant More DM
- Post-Doctoral Fellow in Epilepsy
- Department of Neurosciences
- Medanta – The Medicity
- Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Ashish Bagdi MBBS MD DM
- Consultant Neurologist
- Department of Neurology
- Convenient Hospitals Ltd
- Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Ashok Panagariya MBBS MD DM FRCP
- Ex Vice Chancellor Rajasthan
- Medical University
- Ex Principal SMS Medical College
- Jaipur Rajasthan
- Consultant Neurologist
- Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Bindu Menon MD DM DNB PGDCN FRCP MNAMS FICP
- Professor and Head of Department
- Department of Neurology
- Apollo Speciality Hospitals
- Nellore, Andhra Pradesh, India
- Dinesh Nayak MD DM
- Department of Neurology
- Director
- Department of Neurology
- Gleneagles Global Health City
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Karan M Desai DM
- Senior Resident
- Department of Neurology
- King Edward Memorial Hospital and
- Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Neeraj N Baheti MD DNB DM
- Consultant Neurologist and Epileptologist,
- Dr GM Taori Central India
- Institute Of Medical Sciences (CIIMS) Hospital
- Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
- Sangeeta H Ravat DM
- Professor and Head of Department
- Department of Neurology
- King Edward Memorial Hospital and
- Seth Gordhandas Sunderdas Medical College
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Shyam K Jaiswal MD DNB
- Consultant Neurologist Epileptologist,
- CARE Hospitals CARE Outpatient Centre
- Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Sita Jayalakshmi DM
- Consultant Neurologist
- Department of Neurology
- Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences
- Secunderabad, Telangana, India
- Sudhindra Vooturi Master in Physiotherapy PhD Scholar Neuro-Physiology and Physiotherapy
- Chief of Lifestyle and Rehabilitation
- Department of Neurology Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences
- Secunderabad, Telangana, India
- Sujit Abajirao Jagtap MD DM
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Neurology
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Medical College
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Suresh Babu Pasangulapati MD DM Post-Doctoral
- Fellowship (EEG)
- Consultant Neurologist
- Department of Neurology
- Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences
- Secunderabad, Telangana, India
- Vivek Mathew MBBS MD DM DNB
- Professor of Neurology
- Department of Neurological Sciences
- Christian Medical College
- Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Yeeshu S Sudan MBBS MD
- Consultant
- Department of Paediatrics
- Medanta – The Medicity Hospital
- Gurugram, Haryana, India
Epilepsy is a well-researched topic with numerous books, monographs, and papers. The numerous literature also shows that there is lot of knowledge that we have acquired, however, lacunae still exist. The effort of this book is to package the best of current knowledge and practices into forming an individualized treatment algorithm. It also covers the diagnostic dilemmas, the myths and misconceptions regarding the disease, and the pros and cons of the antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in achieving seizure control. The book has contributions from practical wisdom of epilepsy experts. It is a must-have book for any clinician involved in the treatment of epilepsy.
Arun Garg
Atma Ram Bansal