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Textbook of Periodontics Shalu Bathla

1: NORMAL PERIODONTIUM
CHAPTER 1:Gingiva
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- MACROSCOPIC FEATURES
- MICROSCOPIC FEATURES
- MICROCIRCULATION
  - Arterial Supply
- NERVE SUPPLY
- CLINICAL CRITERIA
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 2:Periodontal Ligament
- INTRODUCTION
- WIDTH AND STRUCTURE
- DEVELOPMENT
- CONSTITUENTS
- FUNCTIONS
- BLOOD SUPPLY
- NERVE SUPPLY
- MAINTENANCE OF PDL SPACE
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 3:Cementum
- INTRODUCTION
- DEVELOPMENT
- FUNCTIONS
- COMPOSITION
- CLASSIFICATIONS
  - Thickness of Cementum
- VARIOUS JUNCTIONS OF CEMENTUM
  - Cementodentinal Junction
  - Cementoenamel Junction
    - Methods of Cementoenamel Junction Location
    - Clinical Importance of Cementoenamel Junction
- CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - Amelogenin: A potential regulator of cementum-associated genes
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 4:Alveolar Bone
- INTRODUCTION
- DEVELOPMENT
- FUNCTIONS
- STRUCTURE
  - Alveolar Bone Proper
  - Supporting Alveolar Bone
- OSSEOUS TOPOGRAPHY
  - Interdental Septum
  - Fenestration and Dehiscence
    - Methods to Detect
    - Clinical Importance
- COMPOSITION
  - Extracellular Components
  - Cellular Components
- HISTOLOGY
- COUPLING
  - Osteoblast-Osteoclast Coupling
- BONE MODELING AND REMODELING
- VASCULAR SUPPLY
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 5:Aging and Periodontium
- INTRODUCTION
- AGE CHANGES
- EFFECT OF AGING ON TOOTH
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - Molecular and Cellular Effects of Ageing on the Periodontal Ligament
- VIVA VOCE
2: CLASSIFICATION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
CHAPTER 6:Classification of Periodontal Diseases
- INTRODUCTION
- RATIONALE
- HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
  - Dominant Paradigm of Periodontal Classification System
- AAP 1986 CLASSIFICATION
- AAP 1989 CLASSIFICATION
  - Main Features
  - Drawbacks
- RANNEY 1993 CLASSIFICATION
- AAP 1999 CLASSIFICATION
  - Main Features
  - Drawbacks: Critical Analysis
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 7:Epidemiology
- INTRODUCTION
- AIMS
- USES
- EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES
  - Observational Epidemiological Studies
    - Descriptive Epidemiological Studies
    - Analytical Epidemiological Studies
  - Experimental Epidemiological Studies
- MEASUREMENTS
  - Cross-sectional Study
    - Incidence
    - Prevalence
- INDICES
- VIVA VOCE
3: ETIOLOGY
CHAPTER 8:Periodontal Microbiology
- INTRODUCTION
  - Koch's Postulates
  - Socransky's Criterion
- PERIODONTAL PATHOGENS
- MICROORGANISMS ASSOCIATED
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - Microbial Complexes in Subgingival Plaque
    - Significance
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 9:Dental Plaque
- INTRODUCTION
- BIOFILM
  - Properties Adapted by Biofilm
  - Functions of Biofilm
- DEFINITION
- CLASSIFICATION
- CLINICAL ASSESSMENT
- COMPOSITION
- PLAQUE FORMATION
- MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE
  - Supragingival Plaque
  - Subgingival Plaque
- METABOLIC INTERACTIONS
- VARIOUS PLAQUE HYPOTHESES
- CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
  - Plaque Accumulation and Retention
  - Control and Removal of Plaque
- OTHER TOOTH DEPOSITS
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 10:Dental Calculus
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- CLASSIFICATION
  - Supragingival Calculus
  - Subgingival Calculus
- COMPOSITION
- FORMATION
  - Theories Related to Mineralization of Calculus
  - Role of Microorganisms in the Mineralization of Calculus
- CLINICAL ASSESSMENT
- ATTACHMENT OF CALCULUS TO THE TOOTH
- ROLE OF CALCULUS IN DISEASE
- LOCAL CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - Effects of Supervised Chlorhexidine Mouthrinses in Children
  - Improvement of Gingival Health by Toothbrushing in Individuals with Large Amounts of Calculus
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 11:Immunity and Inflammation
- INTRODUCTION
- CELLS OF IMMUNITY AND INFLAMMATION
- LEUKOCYTE FUNCTIONS
- CHEMICAL MEDIATORS OF INFLAMMATION
  - Cell-derived Mediators
  - Plasma Derived Mediators
- NONSPECIFIC AND SPECIFIC IMMUNITY
- IMMUNE MECHANISMS
- PATTERN RECOGNITION RECEPTORS
  - Toll-like Receptors
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - Infection and Inflammatory Mechanisms
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 12:Pathogenesis and Host Response
- INTRODUCTION
- MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
- STAGES OF PATHOGENESIS
- IMMUNOLOGIC ASPECTS OF THE MICROBIAL INTERACTION WITH THE HOST
- CONCEPTS OF PATHOGENESIS
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 13:Genetic Basis of Periodontal Diseases
- INTRODUCTION
- GENETIC VARIANCE
- GENETIC BASIS OF DISEASE
  - Simple Mendelian Diseases
  - Complex Genetic Diseases
- METHODS OF GENETIC ANALYSIS
- DISEASE AND POLYMORPHISM
- ASSOCIATED PROBLEMS
- CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
- NUTRIGENOMICS
  - Applications of Nutrigenomics
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 14:Systemic Factors and Periodontium
- INTRODUCTION
- HORMONAL FACTORS
- HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS
- IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISORDERS
  - Leukocyte Disorders
  - Antibody Deficiency Disorders
    - Agammaglobulinemia
    - Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
- EFFECT OF NUTRITION
- PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS
- OTHER SYSTEMIC CONDITIONS
  - Metal Intoxication
- DRUGS INDUCED MANIFESTATIONS
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - Re-evaluating the Role of Vitamin D in the Periodontium
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 15:Periodontal Medicine
- INTRODUCTION
- FOCAL INFECTION THEORY
- BACTERIAL RESERVOIR
- EFFECT ON CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
  - Atherosclerosis
- EFFECT ON ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
  - Diabetes Mellitus
- EFFECT ON REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
  - Pregnancy Outcomes
- EFFECT ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 16:Smoking and Periodontium
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATIONS
- CONSTITUENTS OF TOBACCO SMOKE
  - Particulat e Phase
  - Gas Phase
- EFFECTS OF SMOKING
- SMOKING CESSATION
  - Basic Steps of Smoking Cessation Program
    - Treatment
  - Periodontal Effects of Smoking Cessation
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
- VIVA VOCE
4: PATHOLOGY OF GINGIVAL AND PERIODONTAL DISEASES
CHAPTER 17:Defense Mechanisms of Gingiva
- INTRODUCTION
- JUNCTIONAL EPITHELIUM
- POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES
- SALIVA
  - Composition of Saliva
  - Role of Saliva
    - In Oral Health
    - In Oral Diseases
- GINGIVAL CREVICULAR FLUID
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - The Passage of Tissue Fluid into Clinically Healthy Gingival Pocket
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 18:Gingival Inflammation
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATIONS
- STAGES OF GINGIVITIS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 19:Gingival Enlargement
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATIONS
- SCORING
- INFLAMMATORY ENLARGEMENT
  - Acute Inflammatory Enlargement
    - Gingival Abscess
    - Histopathologic Features
  - Chronic Inflammatory Enlargement
    - Clinical Features
    - Histopathological Features
- DRUG-INDUCED ENLARGEMENT
- ENLARGEMENT due to SYSTEMIC DISEASES
  - Conditioned Gingival Enlargement
    - Specific Conditioned Gingival Enlargement
    - Nonspecific Conditioned Enlargement (Pyogenic Granuloma)
  - Systemic Diseases Causing Gingival Enlargement
    - Leukemia
    - Granulomatous Diseases
- NEOPLASTIC ENLARGEMENT
  - Benign Tumors of the Gingiva
  - Malignant Tumors of the Gingiva
- FALSE ENLARGEMENT
  - Underlying Osseous Lesions
  - Underlying Dental Tissues
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - Diphenylhydantoin-Induced Gingival Overgrowth in Man: A Clinico-Pathological Study
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 20:Acute Gingival Conditions
- INTRODUCTION
- NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE GINGIVITIS
- PRIMARY HERPETIC GINGIVOSTOMATITIS
- PERICORONITIS
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 21:Soft and Hard Tissue Lesions
- INTRODUCTION
- DESQUAMATIVE GINGIVITIS
- METASTATIC TUMORS OF THE JAWS
- MALIGNANT LESIONS OF GINGIVA
- REACTIVE LESIONS OF GINGIVA
- PERIPHERAL ODONTOGENIC LESIONS
- GRANULOMATOUS GINGIVITIS
  - Orofacial Granulomatosis
- BENIGN NEOPLASMS
  - Ameloblastoma
- MALIGNANT NEOPLASMS
  - Osteosarcoma
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 22:Periodontal Pocket
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- CLASSIFICATIONS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
  - Symptoms
  - Clinical Signs
- PATHOGENESIS
- HISTOPATHOLOGY
  - Microtopography of the Gingival Wall of the Pocket
  - Periodontal Pockets as Healing Lesions
    - Pocket Contents
    - Root Surface Wall Changes
- CLINICAL ASSESSMENT
  - Periodontal Pocket and Attachment Loss
  - Periodontal Pocket and Bone Loss
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - Microscopic Evaluation of Clinical Measurements of Connective Tissue Attachment Levels
  - The Pocket Epithelium: A Light and Electron Microscopic Study
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 23:Periodontal Abscess
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- CLASSIFICATIONS
- CLINICAL FEATURES
  - Intraoral
  - Extraoral
- MICROBIOLOGY
- PATHOGENESIS AND HISTOPATHOLOGY
- DIAGNOSIS
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- COMPLICATIONS
  - Tooth Loss
  - Dissemination of the Infection
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - The Acute Periodontal Abscess: Microbial Penetration of the Tissue Wall
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 24:Bone Defects
- INTRODUCTION
- FACTORS DETERMINING BONE MORPHOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY
- BONE DEFECTS
- DIAGNOSIS
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - Natural History of Periodontal Disease in Man: Rapid, Moderate and No Loss of Attachment in Sri Lankan Tea Laborers 14–46 years of Age
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 25:Chronic Periodontitis
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATION
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
- PROGRESSION OF DISEASE
- RISK FACTORS
- TREATMENT
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 26:Aggressive Periodontitis
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
- AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS
- RISK FACTORS
- PROGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
  - Localized Aggressive Periodontitis
  - Treatment Modalities for Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - Microbiological Profile of Untreated Subjects with Localized Aggressive Periodontitis
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 27:AIDS and Periodontium
- INTRODUCTION
- STRUCTURE OF HIV
- PATHOGENESIS
- PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN AIDS
- PERIODONTAL PATHOLOGIES
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 28:Trauma from Occlusion
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITIONS
- TYPES
  - Primary Trauma from Occlusion
  - Secondary Trauma from Occlusion
- CONCEPTS
  - Glickman's Concept
    - The Zone of Irritation
    - The Zone of Codestruction
  - Waerhaug's Concept
- TISSUE RESPONSE
- CLINICAL FEATURES
  - Increased Tooth Mobility
  - Increasing Tooth Mobility
- RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
- ROLE OF OCCLUSAL TRAUMA
- TREATMENT
  - Primary Trauma from Occlusion
  - Secondary Trauma from Occlusion
- EFFECT OF TRAUMA ON IMPLANTS
- PATHOLOGIC TOOTH MIGRATION
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - The Effect of Elimination of Jiggling Forces on Periodontally Exposed Teeth in the Dog
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 29:Sex Hormones and Periodontium
- INTRODUCTION
- EFFECTS ON PERIODONTIUM
- PUBERTY
  - Periodontal Manifestations
  - Management
- MENSTRUAL CYCLE
  - Periodontal Manifestations
  - Management
- PREGNANCY
- ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES
  - Periodontal Manifestations
  - Management
- MENOPAUSE
  - Periodontal Manifestations
  - Management
- EFFECTS ON WOUND HEALING
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - Gingival Health and Gingivitis Development During Puberty: A 4-year Longitudinal Study
  - The Effect of Female Sex Hormones on Subgingival Plaque
- VIVA VOCE
5: DIAGNOSIS
CHAPTER 30:Clinical Diagnosis
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- TYPES
- KEY STAGES
- HISTORY TAKING
  - Patient's Interview
  - Medical and Dental History
    - Objectives
- CLINICAL EXAMINATION
  - Extraoral Examination
  - Intra-Oral Examination (Teeth, Gingiva and Periodontium)
- INVESTIGATIONS
  - Radiographic Examination
  - Laboratory Investigations
    - Blood Investigations
    - Other Tests
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT PLAN
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 31:Radiographic Diagnostic Aids
- INTRODUCTION
- IDEAL REQUISITES
- RADIOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES
- NORMAL RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
- PATHOLOGIC RADIOGRAPHIC CHANGES
- LIMITATIONS
- ADVANCED RADIOGRAPHIC AIDS
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 32:Microbiological Diagnostic Aids
- INTRODUCTION
- INDICATIONS
- BIOMARKERS
  - Sources of Biomarkers
  - Methods of Sampling
    - Gingival Crevicular Fluid
- CANDIDATES FOR BIOMARKERS
- LIMITATIONS
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - Relationship of sulcular sulfide level to severity of periodontal disease and BANA test
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 33:Halitosis
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATION
- ETIOLOGY
  - Physiologic Halitosis
  - Pathologic Halitosis
    - Intraoral
    - Extraoral
- PATHOGENESIS
- DIAGNOSIS
  - Medical History
  - Examination
    - Clinical Examination
    - Laboratory Examination
- TREATMENT
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 34:Dentin Hypersensitivity
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- ETIOLOGY
  - Loss of Enamel
  - Loss of Covering Periodontal Structures
- THEORIES
- DIAGNOSIS
- HYPERSENSITIVITY MEASUREMENT
  - Verbal Rating Scale
  - Visual Analog Scale
- MANAGEMENT
  - Historical Perspective
  - Treatment Approaches for Dentinal Hypersensitivity
- PREVENTION
  - Patient Education and Dietary Counseling
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 35:Risk Factors
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITIONS
- RISK FACTORS
- RISK DETERMINANTS
- RISK INDICATORS
  - Osteoporosis
  - Infrequent Dental Visit
- RISK MARKERS
  - Previous History
  - Bleeding on Probing
- RISK ASSESSMENT
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 36:Prognosis
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- PROGNOSTICATION SYSTEMS
- PROGNOSTIC FACTORS
- PROGNOSIS OF PATIENTS
  - Prognosis of Patients with Gingival Diseases
  - Prognosis of Patients with Periodontitis
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - Prognosis versus Actual Outcome: A Long-term Survey of 100 Treated Periodontal Patients under Maintenance Care
- VIVA VOCE
6: TREATMENT: NONSURGICAL THERAPY
CHAPTER 37:Treatment Plan
- INTRODUCTION
- PHASES OF PERIODONTAL THERAPY
- SEQUENCE
- PALLIATIVE TREATMENT
- EXPLAINING THE TREATMENT PLAN TO THE PATIENT
- REFERRAL
  - Referral Process
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 38:Mechanical Plaque Control
- INTRODUCTION
- TRADITIONAL ORAL HYGIENE METHODS
- TOOTHBRUSHES
- DENTIFRICES
  - Therapeutic Ingredients
- INTERDENTAL CLEANING AIDS
- OTHER AIDS
- ASSESSMENT OF HOME CARE
  - Disclosing Agents
    - Limitations
  - Strategies for Improving Home-care
    - Demonstration and Instructions
    - Motivation
- HAWTHORNE EFFECT
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - Toothbrushing Frequency as It Relates to Plaque Development and Gingival Health
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 39:Chemotherapeutic Agents
- INTRODUCTION
- TERMINOLOGIES
- CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS
- CHEMICAL ANTIPLAQUE AGENTS
  - Generations of Antiplaque Agents
- ANTICALCULUS AGENTS
  - First Generation
  - Second Generation
- ANTIMICROBIALS
- LOCAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - Effects of Supervised Chlorhexidine Mouthrinses in Children
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 40:Phytotherapeutic Agents
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
- PHYTOTHERAPEUTIC AGENTS
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 41:Host Modulatory Therapy
- INTRODUCTION
- HOST MODULATORY AGENTS
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 42:Periodontal Instruments
- INTRODUCTION
- GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
  - Balanced Instrument
  - Nomenclature
- PARTS OF INSTRUMENTS
- CLASSIFICATION
  - Diagnostic Instruments
  - Surgical Instruments
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 43:General Principles of Instrumentation
- INTRODUCTION
- ACCESSIBILITY
  - Position of the Operator
  - Position of the Patient
- VISIBILITY, ILLUMINATION AND RETRACTION
- CONDITION OF THE INSTRUMENTS
  - Sharpness
- MAINTAINING A CLEAN FIELD
- INSTRUMENT STABILIZATION
  - Instrument Grasps
  - Finger Rests
    - Various Types of Finger Rests
- INSTRUMENT ACTIVATION
  - Adaptation
  - Angulation
- INSTRUMENTATION STROKES
  - Stroke Directions
- PRINCIPLES OF SCALING AND ROOT PLANING
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 44:Scaling and Root Planing
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- OBJECTIVES
- SCALING AND ROOT PLANING
- INSTRUMENTATION APPROACHES
- FULL-MOUTH DISINFECTION
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 45:Sonic and Ultrasonic Scaling
- INTRODUCTION
- SONIC SCALERS
- ULTRASONIC SCALERS
  - Magnetostrictive Ultrasonics
  - Piezoelectric Scalers
- TIP DESIGNS
- MECHANISM OF ACTION
- ULTRASONIC SCALING TECHNIQUE
- POTENTIAL HAZARDS
- CONTRAINDICATIONS
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 46:Splinting
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
- DEFINITION
- OBJECTIVES
- INDICATIONS
- CONTRAINDICATIONS
- ADVANTAGES
- DISADVANTAGES
- CLASSIFICATIONS
  - Extracoronal Type of Splints
  - Intracoronal Type of Splints
- VIVA VOCE
7: TREATMENT: SURGICAL THERAPY
CHAPTER 47:Surgical Anatomy
- INTRODUCTION
- ANATOMIC STRUCTURES
- VITAL STRUCTURES
  - Neurovascular Bundle
- ANATOMIC SPACES
- SOFT CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - Topographical Relationship of the Greater Palatine Artery and the Palatal Spine: Significance for Periodontal Surgery
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 48:General Principles of Periodontal Surgery
- INTRODUCTION
- OBJECTIVES
- PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS
- INTRAOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS
- POSTOPERATIVE INSTRUCTIONS AND CARE
  - Instructions to the Patient after Surgery
    - Dos
    - Do Nots
  - Postsurgical Care
- POSTSURGICAL COMPLICATIONS
  - Immediate Complications
  - Delayed or Long-term Complications
    - Gingival Recession
    - Root Sensitivity
- WOUND HEALING
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - The Incidence and Severity of Complications and Pain following Periodontal Surgery
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 49:Gingival Curettage
- INTRODUCTION
- TERMINOLOGY
- INDICATIONS
- CONTRAINDICATIONS
- PROCEDURE
- PRESENT CONCEPT
- HEALING AFTER CURETTAGE
  - Epithelialization
  - Connective Tissue
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 50:Gingivectomy
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
- DEFINITION
- OBJECTIVES
- INDICATIONS
- CONTRAINDICATIONS
- LIMITING CIRCUMSTANCES
- DRAWBACKS
- GINGIVOPLASTY
- TYPES
- POST OPERATIVE HEALING
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 51:Periodontal Flap
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- OBJECTIVES
- PRINCIPLES
- CLASSIFICATIONS
  - Full-thickness Flap
    - Indication
    - Contraindications
  - Split-thickness Flap
- INCISIONS
- FLAP PROCEDURES
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - Critical Probing Depths in Periodontal Therapy
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 52:Resective Osseous Surgery
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITIONS
- OBJECTIVES
- RATIONALE
- OSTEOPLASTY INDICATIONS
- OSTECTOMY INDICATIONS
- EXAMINATION
- INSTRUMENTS
- PROCEDURE
  - Specific Osseous Reshaping Situations
    - Correction of One-walled Hemiseptal Defect
    - Correction of Exostoses, Malpositioned or Supraerupted Tooth
- DISADVANTAGES
- POST OPERATIVE HEALING
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 53:Regenerative Osseous Surgery
- INTRODUCTION
- TERMINOLOGIES
- REGENERATIVE SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
  - Nongraft-associated New Attachment
    - Root Biomodification
    - Guided Tissue Regeneration
  - Graft-associated New Attachment
- RECENT ADVANCEMENTS
- POSTOPERATIVE TISSUE CHANGES
- FACTORS INFLUENCING REGENERATIVE PROCEDURES
- POST OPERATIVE HEALING
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - On the Repair Potential of Periodontal Tissues
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 54:Furcation
- INTRODUCTION
- TERMINOLOGIES
- CLASSIFICATIONS
- ETIOLOGY
- FACTORS INFLUENCING FURCATION MANAGMENT
- DIAGNOSIS
- PROGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
  - Objectives
  - Treatment Modalities
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 55:Periodontal Plastic Surgery
- INTRODUCTION
- OBJECTIVES
- SELECTION CRITERIA
- TECHNIQUES FOR INCREASING ATTACHED GINGIVA
  - Techniques
  - Epithelial or Free Gingival Graft
    - Procedure5–7
    - Post Operative Healing
- ROOT COVERAGE GINGIVAL RECESSION
- TECHNIQUES FOR FRENECTOMY
  - Frenectomy
- TECHNIQUES TO VESTIBULAR EXTENSION
  - Gingival Extension Using Periosteal Fenestration
    - Procedure
  - Vestibuloplasty using the Edlan–Mejchar Procedure
- TECHNIQUES FOR PAPILLA RECONSTRUCTION
  - Classification of Papillary Height
  - Procedure
- TECHNIQUES FOR ALVEOLAR RIDGE AUGMENTATION
  - Classifications of ridge defects
  - Procedure
- VIVA VOICE
CHAPTER 56:Periodontal Microsurgery
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
- PRINCIPLES
- MAGNIFICATION SYSTEMS
  - Magnifying Loupes
  - Surgical Microscope
    - Advantages
    - Disadvantages
- MICROSURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
- REQUIREMENTS OF THE SURGEON
  - Internal Precision Grip
- ROLE OF MICROSURGERY IN PERIODONTAL PROCEDURES
  - Periodontal Plastic Surgery
    - Advantages of Microsurgery
    - Disadvantages of Microsurgery
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 57:Medically Compromised Patients
- INTRODUCTION
- CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
- ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
- RENAL DISEASES
- LIVER DISEASES
- PULMONARY DISEASES
- IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AND CHEMOTHERAPY
- RADIATION THERAPY
- PROSTHETIC JOINT REPLACEMENT
- PREGNANCY
- HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS
- BLOOD DYSCRASIAS
  - Leukemia
  - Agranulocytosis
- INFECTIOUS DISEASES
- PATIENTS ON BISPHOSPHONATE THERAPY
- EPILEPTIC PATIENTS
- VIVA VOCE
8: IMPLANTOLOGY
CHAPTER 58:Implants-Basic Concepts
- INTRODUCTION
- TERMINOLOGIES
- INDICATIONS
- CONTRAINDICATIONS
- CLASSIFICATIONS
- BIOMATERIALS
- SOFT TISSUE-IMPLANT INTERFACE
- IMPLANT—BONE INTERFACE
- EVALUATION OF OSSEOINTEGRATED IMPLANTS
  - Periotest
  - Resonance Frequency Analysis
- DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT PLANNING
- OSSEOUS CONSIDERATIONS
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 59:Implants-Surgical Concepts
- INTRODUCTION
- ARMAMENTARIUM
- SURGICAL PROTOCOL
  - Two-stage Implant Surgery
  - One-stage Implant Surgery
- TWO-STAGE IMPLANT SURGERY
- ONE-STAGE IMPLANT SURGERY
- IMMEDIATE IMPLANT PLACEMENT
- PLATFORM SWITCHING
- IMPLANT COMPLICATIONS
  - Soft-tissue Complications
  - Hard-tissue Complications
- IMPLANT FAILURE
- RELATED LANKMARK STUDIES
  - Clinical and Radiographic Changes Around Dental Implants Inserted in Different Levels in Relation to the Crestal Bone, Under Different Restoration Protocols, in the Dog Model
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 60:Advanced Implant Surgery
- INTRODUCTION
- GUIDED BONE REGENERATION
- SOCKET PRESERVATION
  - Procedure
- RIDGE AUGMENTATION
- SINUS ELEVATION AND SINUS BONE GRAFTING
  - Maxillary Arthroplasty
- NERVE REPOSITIONING
  - Alveolar Nerve Lateralization
    - Procedure
  - Distalization of the Mental Neurovascular Bundle
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - Radiographic Analysis of a Transalveolar Sinus-Lift Technique: A Multipractice Retrospective Study with a Mean Follow-up of 5 Years
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 61:Peri-implantitis
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITIONS
  - Peri-Implant Mucositis
- ETIOLOGY
- CLASSIFICATION
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
  - Initial Therapeutic Phase
  - Surgical Phase
- SUPPORTIVE THERAPY
- MAINTENANCE
  - Maintenance Procedures Performed by the Patient
  - Maintenance Procedures Performed by the Therapist
- VIVA VOCE
9: INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
CHAPTER 62:Perio-Prostho Relationship
- INTRODUCTION
- SEQUENCE OF TREATMENT
- APPLICATION OF PERIODONTICS IN PROSTHODONTICS
  - Preprosthetic Periodontal Care
  - Preprosthetic Periodontal Surgery
- PERIODONTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN CD and RPD
- PERIODONTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN FPD
- PERIODONTAL MAINTENANCE IN THE PROSTHETIC PATIENT
  - Fixed Partial Prosthesis
  - Removable Partial Prosthesis and Complete Dentures
    - Recall Schedule
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 63:Perio-Endo Relationship
- INTRODUCTION
- PATHWAYS OF COMMUNICATION
  - Anatomical Pathways
  - Nonphysiological Pathways
- ETIOPATHOGENESIS
- CLASSIFICATIONS
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT AND PROGNOSIS
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 64:Perio-Restorative Relationship
- INTRODUCTION
- INTER-RELATIONSHIP
- PERIODONTAL CONSIDERATIONS
- MAINTENANCE
  - Restored Teeth
  - Root-resected Restored Teeth
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 65:Periodontics-Orthodontics
- INTRODUCTION
- INDICATIONS
- CONTRAINDICATIONS
- BENEFITS OF ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT
- RESPONSE TO TOOTH MOVEMENTS
- APPLICATION of ORTHODONTICS IN PERIODONTICS
- APPLICATION OF PERIODONTICS IN ORTHODONTICS
- Effects of Orthodontic Tooth Movement
- SYSTEMATICS OF COMBINED TREATMENT
- MAINTENANCE
  - Plaque Control
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 66:Perio–Pedo Relationship
- INTRODUCTION
- PERIODONTIUM
- GINGIVITIS AND GINGIVAL ENLARGEMENT
- PERIODONTITIS
- ANATOMICAL PERIODONTAL PROBLEMS
- MAINTENANCE
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
  - The Width of Radiologically-defined Attached Gingiva over Permanent Teeth in Children
  - Periodontopathic Bacterial Infection in Childhood
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 67:Periodontics-Oral Surgery
- INTRODUCTION
- INTER-RELATIONSHIP
  - Inadvertent Injury to Periodontium during Oral Surgical Procedures
    - Removal of an Impacted Tooth
    - Fixation of Maxillomandibular Fixation Apparatus on the Teeth
  - Spread of Infection during Oral Surgical Procedures
- PERIODONTAL CONSIDERATIONS
  - Atraumatic Extraction of Infected Teeth
  - Postextraction Management of Socket Area
- MAINTENANCE
  - Preparation of the Mouth Prior to General Inhalational Anesthesia
  - Patient with Intermaxillary Fixation
- VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 68:Periodontics–Psychiatry
- INTRODUCTION
- PARAFUNCTIONAL HABITS
  - Classifications of Parafunctional Habits
- PSYCHOSOMATIC DISORDERS
- DOCTOR–PATIENT RELATIONSHIP
- RELATED LANDMARK STUDIES
- VIVA VOCE
10: RECENT ADVANCES
CHAPTER 69:Recent Advances
- LASERS
- PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY
- TISSUE ENGINEERING
- GENE THERAPY
- NANOTECHNOLOGY
- PERIODONTAL VACCINE
- MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY
- PIEZOSURGERY
- VIVA VOCE
11: MAINTENANCE PHASE
CHAPTER 70:Supportive Periodontal Therapy
- INTRODUCTION
- AIMS
- MAINTENANCE INTERVAL
- MAINTENANCE COMPLIANCE
- MAINTENANCE PROGRAM
- RETREATMENT OF SELECTED AREAS
- MAINTENANCE FOR IMPLANT PATIENT
- VIVA VOCE
12: MISCELLANEOUS
CHAPTER 71:Miscellaneous
- STERILIZATION
  - Basic Personal Protective Barrier Equipments
  - Decontamination of Dental Instruments
    - Steps to Sterilize Dental Instruments
- DISCOVERIES IN PERIODONTICS
- VIVA VOCE
University Questions

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