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An Ultimate Guide to Community Medicine Prithwiraj Maiti, Bismoy Mondal

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1:History of Medicine
SECTION 2: GUIDE TO THEORY EXAMINATION
CHAPTER 2:Long Essay Type Questions
- CONCEPT OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
- PRINCIPLES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL METHODS
- SCREENING FOR DISEASE
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE AND CONDITIONS
- HEALTH PROGRAMMES IN INDIA
- DEMOGRAPHY AND FAMILY PLANNING
- PREVENTIVE MEDICINE IN OBSTETRIC, PAEDIATRICS AND GERIATRICS
  - Try Yourself
- NUTRITION AND HEALTH
- MEDICINE AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
- ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
- HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
- OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
- HEALTH INFORMATION AND BASIC BIOMEDICAL STATISTICS
- COMMUNICATION FOR HEALTH EDUCATION
- HEALTH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
- HEALTH CARE OF THE COMMUNITY
- INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
CHAPTER 3:Problem Type Questions
- DUTIES OF BMOH IN SOLVING A PROBLEM IN HIS BLOCK
  - Introduction
  - Functions of a BMOH
- FUNCTIONS OF A BMOH DURING INVESTIGATION OF AN EPIDEMIC
- FORMAT FOR WRITING DUTIES OF A BMOH DURING A GENERAL OUTBREAK
  - Situation Analysis
  - Mobilisation of Resource
- DUTIES OF A BMOH DURING SOME IMPORTANT DISEASE OUTBREAKS
- DUTIES OF BMOH IN SOLVING DIFFERENT PEDIATRIC, GERIATRIC AND OBSTETRIC PROBLEMS
- DUTIES OF BMOH DURING FLOOD
- DUTIES OF BMOH DURING A LOW IMMUNISATION COVERAGE IN BLOCK
  - Situation analysis
- DUTIES OF BMOH IN SOLVING PROBLEMS OF MALNUTRITION IN BLOCK
- DUTIES OF BMOH IN PREVENTING LOW COUPLE PROTECTION RATE
- DUTIES OF BMOH IN PREVENTING ANEMIA IN PREGNANT WOMEN
  - Role of BMOH in Controlling Anemia in Pregnancy in a Block
- DUTIES OF BMOH IN PREVENTING INCIDENCE OF ACCIDENTS IN A BLOCK
- DUTIES OF BMOH IN REDUCING POPULARITY OF QUACKS IN A BLOCK
CHAPTER 4:Short Notes
- MAN AND DISEASE
  - Family Physician
    - Roles and Main Functions of a Family Physician
  - Social Medicine
  - Community Diagnosis
- CONCEPT OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
  - Quality of Life
  - PQLI
  - HDI
    - Interpretation
  - Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI)
  - Human Development Index (HDI)
    - Definition
    - Interpretation
  - Disability-adjusted Life Year (DALY)
  - Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
  - Epidemiological Triad
  - The Iceberg Concept of Disease
  - Natural History of Disease
  - Sentinel Surveillance
  - Healthy Lifestyles
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - Case Fatality Rate
  - Epidemic
  - Carriers
  - BCG Vaccine
  - Hepatitis B Vaccine
  - Heat Sensitivity of Vaccines
    - Introduction
  - Relative Risk
- SCREENING
  - Lead Time
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
  - Biological Transmission
  - Strategies of Measles Elimination Campaign
  - Common Homemade ORS
    - Description
    - Recommendations to be Read Before Preparing a Homemade ORS
  - MDT for Leprosy
    - Paucibacillary Leprosy (WHO Recommended Regimen)
    - Multibacillary Leprosy (WHO Recommended Regimen)
  - Rabies Vaccine
  - Active Surveillance in Malaria
  - ICTC
  - Zoonoses
  - Integrated Vector Management (IVM)
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
  - Risk Factors of Diabetes
  - Modifiable Risk Factors for Hypertension
  - Danger Signs of Cancer
- HEALTH PROGRAMMES IN INDIA
  - Adolescent Health Programme
    - Objectives
    - Activities
- DEMOGRAPHY
  - Demographic Cycle
    - Introduction
    - Diagrammatic Representation of Demographic Cycle in Various Stages
  - Age-Sex Pyramid/Population Pyramid
  - Unmet Need for Family Planning
- PREVENTIVE MEDICINE IN OBSTETRICS, PAEDIATRICS AND GERIATRICS
  - Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC)
  - First Referral Unit (FRU)
  - Benefits of Breastfeeding
    - Benefits for the Infant
    - Benefits for the Mother
  - Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI)
    - Introduction
    - Conclusion
  - Aspects of School Health Services
  - Interpretation of ICDS Growth Chart
  - Juvenile Delinquency
  - Battered Baby Syndrome (BBS)
  - Health Problems of Geriatric Population
  - PNDT Act
- NUTRITION AND HEALTH
  - Dietary Goal
    - Introduction
    - Dietary Goals Recommended by WHO
  - Spectrum of Iodine Deficiency Disorders
  - Pasteurization of Milk
  - ICDS (Integrated Child Development Scheme)
  - What are the Integrated Packages of Services under ICDS Scheme?
  - National Programme for Prevention of Nutritional Blindness
    - Objective
    - Activities
  - National Nutritional Anemia Prophylaxis Programme
  - National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Programme
    - Introduction
    - Components
  - Mid-day Meal Scheme
- MEDICINE AND SOCIAL SCIENCES
  - Acculturation
  - Problem Family
  - Social Security
- ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
  - Indicators of Air Pollution
  - How the values are calculated?
  - Chlorination of Water
  - Soakage Pit
  - Sanitary Latrine
  - Sanitary Well
    - Introduction
    - Criteria
  - Sanitation Barrier
    - Definition
  - Hazards of Noise Pollution
  - Sanitary Land Fill
  - Overcrowding
  - Water Borne Diseases
  - Vital Layer
  - Oxidation Pond
  - Disinfection of well
    - Needs for Well Disinfection
    - Steps of Well Disinfection
- HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
  - Health Hazards of Health Care Waste
  - Importance of Biomedical Waste Tracking
- DISASTER MANAGEMENT
  - Triage
  - Disaster Preparedness
  - Health Hazards Likely to Occur During and Following Flood
    - Introduction
    - Health Hazards of Flood
- OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
  - The Factories Act, 1948
  - Ergonomics
    - Derivation of the Word
    - Objective of Ergonomics
- GENETICS AND HEALTH
  - Genetic Counselling
- HEALTH INFORMATION AND BASIC BIOMEDICAL STATISTICS
  - Sources of Health Information
    - Introduction
    - Sources of Health Information
  - Sampling
  - Probability (Random) Sampling
    - Definition
  - Non-Probability Sampling
    - Definition
  - Standard Normal Curve
- COMMUNICATION FOR HEALTH EDUCATION
  - Channels of Communication
  - Barriers of Communication
    - Definition of Communication Barriers
    - Strategies to Overcome the Barriers
  - Group Discussion
  - Panel Discussion
- HEALTH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
  - Planning Cycle
  - Bhore Committee, 1943
- HEALTH CARE OF THE COMMUNITY
  - Primary Health Care
  - Voluntary Health Agencies
  - AYUSH
  - Intersectoral Coordination
  - Central Government Health Scheme (CGHS)
  - ASHA Scheme
    - Introduction
    - Roles and Responsibilities of an ASHA Worker
- INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
  - Indian Red Cross Society (IRCS)
  - CARE INDIA
  - UNICEF
CHAPTER 5:Justify/Explain Why
- CONCEPT OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
- PRINCIPLES OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL METHODS
- SCREENING FOR DISEASE
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF CHRONIC NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASE AND CONDITION
  - Health Education
  - Specific Prevention
- HEALTH PROGRAMMES IN INDIA
- DEMOGRAPHY AND FAMILY PLANNING
- PREVENTIVE MEDICINE IN OBSTETRICS, PAEDIATRICS and GERIATRICS
  - Remember: Specialist Services Available at FRU
- NUTRITION AND HEALTH
- ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH
  - Method for Achievement of Break Point Chlorination
    - Achievements of Break Point Chlorination Indicates:
- HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
- DISASTER MANAGEMENT
- OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
- GENETICS AND HEALTH
  - Significance of Genetic Counselling
- MENTAL HEALTH
  - Aim of Rehabilitation
  - Modes of Treatment
    - Medical Treatment
    - Behavioral Therapy Include
- HEALTH INFORMATION and BASIC BIOMEDICAL STATISTICS
- COMMUNICATION FOR HEALTH EDUCATION
  - Meaning of Health Education
    - According to Alma-Ata declaration (1978)
    - According to John M Last
- HEALTH PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
- HEALTH CARE OF THE COMMUNITY
CHAPTER 6:Differences
- COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS VS. CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS
- SOCIAL MEDICINE VS. SOCIALIZED MEDICINE
- COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS VS. HOSPITAL MEDICINE
- DISEASE CONTROL VS. DISEASE ELIMINATION VS. DISEASE ERADICATION
- IMPAIRMENT VS. DISABILITY VS. HANDICAP
- ISOLATION VS. QUARANTINE
- DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY VS. ANALYTICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CROSS INFECTION VS. CROSS IMMUNITY
- CASE CONTROL STUDY VS.COHORT STUDT
- LONGITUDINAL STUDIES VS. CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES
- INCUBATION PERIOD VS. GENERATION TIME
- INTRINSIC INCUBATION PERIOD VS. EXTRINSIC INCUBATION PERIOD
- POPULATION PYRAMID OF DEVELOPING COUNTRY VS. DEVELOPED COUNTRY
- HARD TICK VS. SOFT TICK
- FOOD FORTIFICATION VS. FOOD ADULTARATION
- KWASHIORKOR VS. MARASMUS
- GROWTH MONITORING VS. NUTROTIONAL SURVEILLANCE
- OLD VS NEW ICDS GROWTH CHART
- PASTEURIZATION VS. STERILIZATION
- PRE-PLACEMENT EXAMINATION VS. PERIODIC EXAMINATION
- SOCIAL SECURITY VS. SOCIAL ASSIATANCE
- INCIDENCE VS. PREVALENCE
- SCREENING TEST VS. DIAGNOSTIC TEST
- HEALTH EDUCATION VS.HEALTH PROPAGANDA
- SHALLOW WELL VS. DEEP WELL
- SLOW SAND FILTER VS. RAPID SAND FILTER
- PANEL DISCUSSION VS. GROUP DISCUSSION
- SUPPLEMENTARY NUTRITION VS. THERAPEUTIC NUTRITION
- OBJECTIVE VS. TARGET VS. GOAL
- COST EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS VS. COST BEBEFIT ANALYSIS
- FAMILY PLANNING CONCEPT VS. FAMILY WELFARE CONCEPT
- CSSM VS. RCH
- ADMINISTRATION VS. MANAGEMENT
SECTION 3: VIVA VOCE
CHAPTER 7:Immunization
- IMMUNIZATION
  - According to WHO
- TYPES
  - Active Immunity
    - Modes of Acquiring Active Immunity
  - Passive Immunity
    - Modes of inducing Passive Immunity
  - Herd Immunity
  - Difference between Immunization and Vaccination
  - Immunizing Agents
- TOXOID, SUBUNIT VACCINE, COMBINED VACCINE AND EXPERIMENTAL VACCINE
  - Toxoid
  - Subunit/Cellular Fragment Vaccine
  - Combined/Mixed Vaccine
    - Experimental
- SOME OTHER DEFINITIONS
- ADVERSE EVENTS FOLLOWING IMMUNIZATION (AEFI)
  - Definition
  - Types of AEFI
  - Importance of AEFI Monitoring
  - Steps in AEFI Surveillance
- NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE
- SITES OF ADMINISTRATION OF DIFFERENT VACCINES
  - BCG Vaccine
- DPT VACCINE
  - Procedure
- ORAL POLIO VACCINE (OPV)
  - Introduction
  - Mechanism of Action
  - Schedule for OPV in NIS, India
  - Mode of Administration
  - Indication
  - Storage
  - Adverse Effects
  - Contraindication
  - Efficacy
  - Advantages
  - Disadvantages
- IPV (INACTIVATED POLIO VACCINE)
- MEASLES VACCINE
- TETANUS TOXOID
- HEPATITIS B VACCINE
  - Passive Immunization
  - Passive Active Immunization
- VITAMIN A IN OIL
- MAXIMUM AGE OF VACCINATION
- DELAYED IMMUNIZATION
  - Delayed Dose
  - Some Points to Remember
- VACCINE VIAL MONITOR (VVM)
- AD SYRINGE
- COLD CHAIN
- STORAGE OF VACCINE AT DIFFERENT LEVELS
- VACCINE STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT
  - Deep Freezer
  - Vaccine Carrier
  - Day Carriers
  - Ice Pack
- PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION
- VACCINES AT A GLANCE
CHAPTER 8:Family Planning
- DEFINITIONS
- OBJECTIVES
- CONVENTIONAL CONTRACEPTIVES
- INTRAUTERINE DEVICES (IUDS)
- HORMONAL METHODS
- THE MEDICAL TERMINATION OF PREGNANCY (MTP) ACT, 1971
- NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING METHODS
- PROBLEM-BASED QUESTIONS
  - Effectiveness of Different Contraceptive Methods
CHAPTER 9:Specimens
- IRON AND FOLIC ACID (IFA) TABLETS
- DISPOSABLE DELIVERY KIT (DDK)
- ORS
CHAPTER 10:Definitions
- CONCEPT OF HEALTH AND DISEASE
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- SCREENING
- COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
- NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
- DEMOGRAPHY AND FAMILY PLANNING
- PREVENTIVE MEDICINE IN OBSTETRICS, GYNAECOLOGY AND PAEDIATRICS
- NUTRITION
- HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT
- DISASTER MANAGEMENT
- OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
- HEALTH STATISTICS
- OTHER IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS
SECTION 4: GUIDE TO PRACTICAL EXAMINATION
CHAPTER 11:Statistical and Epidemiological Exercises
- MORTALITY RATES
- MORBIDITY AND FERTILITY INDICATORS
- NEONATAL, POSTNATAL AND INFANT MORTALITY RATES
- PERINATAL, UNDER FIVE AND CHILD MORTALITY RATES
- MATERNAL MORTALITY RATIO
- RISK ASSESSMENT
- SENSITIVITY, SPECIFICITY, POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PREDICTIVE VALUE
  - General Concepts and Formulas
  - Mathematical Representation
- MEDICAL STATISTICS
  - Represent the data with a Bar diagram
CHAPTER 12:Family
CHAPTER 13:Project
CHAPTER 14:Problem Cards
- DISEASE RELATED
- IMNCI RELATED
  - WHO treatment plan B: For some dehydration:
  - Advice to the mother:
- OBSTETRIC CARE RELATED
  - Prevention of NNT
- IMMUNIZATION RELATED
  - Management
  - Advice to the mother
- FAMILY PLANNING RELATED
  - Eligible Couple
  - CPR
- GROWTH CHART RELATED
  - Advices to the Mother
SECTION 5: SPECIAL TOPICS
CHAPTER 15:IMNCI Guidelines
- IMNCI CHARTS
CHAPTER 16:AFP Surveillance
- DEFINITION ASSOCIATED WITH SURVEILLANCE
  - Surveillance
  - Types of Surveillance
- DEFINITION OF AN AFP CASE
- BACKGROUND RATE OF AFP
- PURPOSE OF AFP SURVEILLANCE
- REASONS FOR AFP SURVEILLANCE INSTEAD OF POLIO SURVEILLANCE
- SELECTION OF AFP CASES FOR INVESTIGATION
- SURVEILLANCE AT LOCAL/DISTRICT/STATE/NATIONAL LEVEL
- AFP SURVEILLANCE AFTER ATTAINING A ZERO POLIO STATUS
- CASE NOTIFICATION
- CASE VERIFICATION
- CASE INVESTIGATION
- COLLECTION, TRANSPORT AND REPORTING RESULTS OF STOOL SPECIMEN
- 60-DAY FOLLOW UP EXAMINATION
- OUTBREAK RESPONSE IMMUNIZATION (ORI)
CHAPTER 17:Tuberculosis and RNTCP
- TUBERCULOSIS AND GLOBAL CHALLENGES
- BURDEN OF TB
- MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOAL AND TB
  - Components of STOP TB STRATEGY-2006
  - Stop TB Partnership Targets
- NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL PROGRAMME
CHAPTER 18:Reproductive and Child Health
- INTRODUCTION
- BASIC CONCEPT BEHIND THE SPECIAL ATTENTION OF MOTHER AND CHILD
- REPRODUCTIVE AND CHILD HEALTH PROGRAMME
- REPRODUCTIVE AND CHILD HEALTH PROGRAMME-PHASE II
CHAPTER 19:Diagnosis and Treatment for Malaria (According to New NVBDCP 2013 Guidelines)
- TREATMENT OF VIVAX MALARIA
  - Drug Schedule for Treatment of P. vivax Malaria
- TREATMENT OF FALCIPARUM MALARIA
  - In North-Eastern States (NE States)
  - In other States
    - Artemisinin Based Combination Therapy (ACT-SP)
- DOSE SCHEDULE FOR TREATMENT OF UNCOMPLICATED P. FALCIPARUM CASES
- TREATMENT OF UNCOMPLICATED P. FALCIPARUM CASES IN PREGNANCY
  - First Trimester
  - Second and Third Trimester
- MIXED INFECTIONS
- SEVERE AND COMPLICATED MALARIA
- SHORT-TERM CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS (UP TO 6 WEEKS)
  - Doxycycline
- CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS FOR LONGER STAY (MORE THAN 6 WEEKS)
  - Mefloquine
CHAPTER 20:Incubation Period of Some Important Diseases
CHAPTER 21:National Health Policy and Elimination of Some Diseases
- SMALLPOX ERADICATION
- POLIOMYELITIS ERADICATION
- INDIA HAS ELIMINATED FOLLOWING DISEASES
CHAPTER 22:Current Public Health Related Statistics of India
- SOCIOECONOMIC INDICATORS
  - HDI (Human Development Index)
- GDP (GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTS)
  - Definition
- BPL (BELOW POVERTY LINE)
  - Definition
- DEMOGRAPHIC AND FERTILITY INDICATORS
- CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE RATE (CPR)
  - Definition
- TOTAL FERTILITY RATE (TFR)
ANNEXURE 1:Drug of Choice of Some Important Communicable Diseases
ANNEXURE 2:Some Most Commons in Community Medicine
Suggested Reading

INDEX

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Chapter Notes