History of Medicine

Prithwiraj  Maiti; Bismoy  Mondal

Section 1

INTRODUCTION

History of MedicineCHAPTER 1

Father of	Name
Biology, Embryology, Zoology	Aristotle
Bacteriology	Louis Pasteur
Modern Physiology & Experimental Medicine	Claude Bernard
Pathology	Rudolph Virchow
Botany	Theophrastus
Microbiology & Protozoology	Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek
Virology	WM Stanley
Psychoanalysis	Sigmund Freud
Modern Medicine	Hippocrates
Indian Medicine	Charaka
Homeopathy	Samuel Hahnemann
Immunology	Edward Jenner
Polio vaccine	Jonas Salk
Public Health	John snow
Epidemiology	John Snow

Person	Activities
Louis Pasteur	Disproved theory of spontaneous generation.
Louis Pasteur	Advanced “Germ theory of disease” (single cause idea/one to one causation).
Pettenkofer of Munich	Proposed theory of Multifactorial causation of disease.
Samuel Hahnemann	First use the term “Homeopathy”.
	Treatment of diseases by the small amount of a drug which produces symptoms similar to those of a drug which produces symptoms.
	Single medicine at the time of treatment.
	Minimum medicine dose to be used.
Edward Jenner	Discovered small pox vaccine.
2
Robert Koch	Introduced staining techniques for bacteria.
	Introduced methods of obtaining bacteria in pure culture using solid media.
	First to isolate bacteria (anthrax bacilli) in pure culture.
	Discovered TB bacilli and cholera vibrio.
	Produced new tuberculin
	Koch phenomenon: It is a hypersensitivity reaction seen in a guinea pig already infected with TB bacilli when the tubercle bacillus or its protein is injected into it.
	Koch's postulate:
	It postulates that a microorganism can be accepted as an infectious agent when they are:
	Constantly associated with the lesions of the disease Possible to isolate in pure culture from the lesions Able to reproduce the lesions of the disease when such pure culture is inoculated into suitable laboratory animals Possible to be reisolated in pure culture from the lesions produced in experimental animals.
	Awarded Nobel Prize for medicine (in 1905) for investigation and discoveries in relation to TB.
Ross	Malaria and Anopheles mosquito.
C.E.A Winslow	Defined public health.
	Science and art of preventing disease.
	Prolonging life and promoting health and efficacy through organized community efforts.
Paul Ehrlich	Termed “chemotherapy” and “autoimmunity”.
John Snow	Studied epidemiology of cholera in London (1848–1854).
	Established causative role of polluted water in spread of cholera.
	Devised system of methodological observations of natural events or experiments.
James Lind	First ever to conduct a clinical trial for his study to find treatment of scurvy.

Chapter Notes

History of MedicineCHAPTER 1