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Essential Skills for Postgraduates in Dentistry
Sabita M Ram, Richard Pereira
1:
Postgraduate Seminars
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A SEMINAR?
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF THE STUDENT?
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF A TEACHER?
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A STUDENT–LED SEMINAR?
HOW DO I PREPARE FOR THE SEMINAR?
Prepare
Execute
Before the Seminar
During the Seminar
Evaluate
SUGGESTED READING
2:
Journal Clubs
WHY HAVE JOURNAL CLUBS?
HOW TO EVALUATE THE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE?
Objective
Classification of Articles
HOW DO YOU START TO READ AN ARTICLE?
QUALITY OF THE JOURNAL
3:
Communication Skills
INTRODUCTION
NEED FOR EFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
WHAT IS EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION?
The Ten patient's Expectation Pointers
Characteristics of Effective Communication
The Ten Benefits of Effective Communication
THE BAD COMMUNICATOR
THE MINDSETS
IT IS A MATTER OF CHOICE
CONCLUSION
4:
Clinical Photography
INTRODUCTION
SELECTING A CAMERA FOR CLINICAL PHOTOGRAPHY
Important Factors to Consider while Buying a Camera
BASICS OF PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPOSURE
USING FLASH FOR CLINICAL PHOTOGRAPHY
White Balance Settings in All Cameras
Use of Ring Flash and Dual Flashes with DSLR Macro Lens
USE OF APERTURE CONTROLS
Aperture Control and Light
Aperture Control and Depth of Field
USE OF SHUTTER SPEED CONTROLS IN DSLR AND PROSUMER CAMERAS
EXPOSURE COMPENSATION IN ALL CAMERAS
ISO CONTROLS IN ALL CAMERAS
INTERPLAY BETWEEN ISO, APERTURE, SHUTTER SPEED
For a Dark Image to Become Bright
For a Bright Image to Become Dark
BARREL DISTORTION
Barrel Distortion in Intraoral Pictures
ACCESSORIES
Retractors
Contrasters
STANDARDISATION FOR CLINICAL PHOTOGRAPHY
GENERAL RULES
Rules for Framing a Frontal Portrait
Rules for Framing a Profile Facial Picture
Rules for Framing an Oblique Facial Picture
Rules for Framing an Intraoral Frontal Picture
Rules for Framing an Intraoral Profile Picture
Rules for Framing an Intraoral Occlusal Picture
Rules for Framing an Intraoral Anterior Teeth Picture
TABLETOP PHOTOGRAPHY
General Rules
Composition
Lighting
Background
PHOTOGRAPHING RADIOGRAPHS
SAVING YOUR PHOTOGRAPHS ON COMPUTER
COMMON MISTAKES IN DENTAL PHOTOGRAPHY
REFERENCE
5:
Documentation
NEED FOR DENTAL RECORDS
WHAT IS DOCUMENTATION?
WHAT DOCUMENTATION ACCOMPLISHES?
OWNERSHIP OF RECORDS
FINANCIAL RECORDS
COMPONENTS OF A PATIENT RECORD
Patient's Assessment
Have to be Updated on a Continual Basis
Dental History
Progress Notes
WRITTEN DOCUMENTATION
Importance of Documenting these Factors
Chief Complaint and History
Medical History
Dental History
Family History
Personal History
PICTORAL DOCUMENTATON
Photographic Images
Schematic Diagrams
VIDEOS
TYPES OF DOCUMENTATION
Physical
Issues
Digital
Issues
CLINICAL DOCUMENTATION AT DOCTORAL LEVEL
CONCLUDING REMINDER POINTERS
6:
Ethical Issues Concerning Your Patient
INTRODUCTION
MORAL THEORIES
Moral Duties of Doctors
Moral Conflicts for Doctors
Best Interests
DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A DOCTOR
A. What are the Duties and Responsibilities of a Doctor in India?
B. What are the Specific Duties of Doctors to their Patients?
Consent
Types of Consent
What is a Legally Valid Consent?
Certain Situations where Consent is needed
When can Medical Examination or Treatment be Done Without Consent?
C. What are the Duties of a Doctor in Consultation? Ethics in Clinics and Beyond
D. What are the Responsibilities of Physicians to each other?
E. What are the Duties of Physician to the Public and to the Paramedical Profession?
WHAT ARE CONSIDERED AS UNETHICAL ACTS?
IMPLICATIONS OF NONETHICAL PRACTICE
THE RELEVANCE OF ETHICS IN CURRENT MEDICAL PRACTICE
ETHICS IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT
ETHICS IN THE CONTEXT OF A POSTGRADUATE STUDENT
Role of Communication
The Way Forward
CONCLUSION
7:
Poster Presentation Guidelines
INTRODUCTION
ADVANTAGES OF THE POSTER PRESENTATION
DISADVANTAGES OF THE POSTER PRESENTATION
HOW TO DESIGN A POSTER
The Rule of 10s
Organizing a Poster
Poster Size
Poster Contents
STEPS IN POSTER PREPARATION
POSTER DESIGN
Storyboarding
Poster Layout
CHARACTERSTICS OF A GOOD POSTER
SOME USEFUL TIPS FOR POSTER DESIGNING
PRESENTING THE POSTER
8:
The Art of Scientific Writing
INTRODUCTION
REFERENCING FOR CITING
Different Forms of Citing
Sources of Information
Reasons for Referencing
Elements for Referencing
Vancouver's System
Guidelines
Examples
CITING DIFFERENT SOURCES USING VANCOUVER SYSTEM
Citing a Book
Name(s) of author, editor(s) or compilers
Title of publication
Edition
Place of Publication
Publisher
Year
Page number (if applicable)
Series title and individual volume, if any
Citing Dictionary and Similar References
Contents
Example
Chapter or Part of a Book to Which a Number of Authors have Contributed
Contents
Format
Example
Citing a Journal Article
Name(s) of author(s) of the article
Title of the article
Title of journal
Year (and month/day if necessary) of publication
Volume Number (and issue/part if necessary)
Page numbers
Citing a Newspaper
Rules
Format
Contents
Example:
Citing Pamphlet
Rules
Format
Example
Citing Internet and other Sources
Rules
Format for citing a journal on Internet
Example
Citing CD-ROM
Rules
Example
9:
The Art of Dissertation Writing
INTRODUCTION
HOW TO SELECT A TOPIC
SOME SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
10:
Monetary Grants
INTRODUCTION
ACQUIRING OF FUNDS FOR RESEARCH
Step 1: Unique Research Idea
Step 2: Matching Idea with Funding Agency
Step 3: Writing a Grant Proposal
Covering Letter
Table of Contents
Project Summary or Abstract
Need for the Study
Mission, Goals and Objectives or Aims and Objectives
Goals
Objectives
Project Description
Project Evaluation Report
Biosketches
Timelines
Budget Summary
Budget Justification
Bibliography/References
Appendices
Other Forms
11:
Delivering an Effective Viva Voce
INTRODUCTION
MERITS OF VIVA VOCE
DEMERITS OF VIVA VOCE
APPROACHES TO VIVA
Traditional
Objective Structured Approach
Steps for Objective Structured Approach to Viva
For Examiners
Other Strategies
GROUP VIVA
Advantages of Group Viva
SAMPLE SET OF VIVA QUESTIONS
Defective Framing of Question
Right Framing of Question
CONCLUSION
12:
Technology and the Postgraduate Student
PACING UP WITH NEW TRENDS IN TECHNOLOGY
SEARCHING TEXTUAL DATA
MEDLINE
SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
PHOTOGRAPHIC DOCUMENTATION
DATA PROCESSING
INDEX
TOC
Index
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