Essentials of Physiology for Dental Students K Sembulingam, Prema Sembulingam
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1ESSENTIALS OF PHYSIOLOGY for Dental Students2
3ESSENTIALS OF PHYSIOLOGY for Dental Students
Second Edition
K Sembulingam PhD Madha Medical College & Research Institute Kundrathur Main Road, Kovur, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Formerly MR Medical College, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India and Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute Nellikuppam, Tamil Nadu, India and Prema Sembulingam PhD Formerly MR Medical College, Kalaburagi, Karnataka, India Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia and Sri Lakshmi Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry, India Sathyabama University Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, India Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute Nellikuppam, Tamil Nadu, India and Madha Medical College & Research Institute Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Essentials of Physiology for Dental Students
First Edition: 2011
Second Edition: 2016
9789385999468
Printed at
5Dedicated to
Our beloved students6
7Preface to the second edition
A Journey from Good to Better!
In 1990s, when the semester system was abolished for medical course and the 18 months of first year course were reduced to 12 months, with the same voluminous syllabus, we could realize the difficulties faced by the students in coping up with the shortened period and the same bulk of subject. That made us venture into the way of making Physiology easy, approachable, adjusting with the time reduction, but without compromising with the essence and details of Physiology. That is how the textbook Essentials of Medical Physiology emerged in 1999, and is serving the purpose continuously since then. What started as a ‘national book’ has become an ‘international book’. Thanks to the faculty and students of medical institutes, in and out of country, and the publishers.
Slowly, this book gained its due recognition among the students of other medical and allied courses, such as homeopathy, Indian medicine, dental, nursing, physiotherapy and other paramedical courses. In 2010, when, I, Dr Prema Sembulingam, happened to work in Sathyabama University Dental College and Hospital at Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India for a brief period of 20 months, another revelation occurred that Essentials of Medical Physiology was too voluminous for the dental and paramedical courses. So, requests and suggestions started pouring in to reduce the volume without compromising on the essence of the subject. That is how the textbook Essentials of Physiology for Dental Students emerged and the first edition successfully completed the five years of its journey. Now is the time to venture into the task of upgrading the book into its second edition.
The primary aim of this book is to meet the needs of the students of dental, nursing, physiotherapy and other paramedical and health science courses, precisely in getting knowledge of the recent developments in the field of Physiology and in knowing the important applied aspects on various topics.
The text is well supported with the descriptive diagrams, which are easily understood by the students, and is reproduced wherever necessary. The explanation of the topics is backed up with the flow charts and tables, which makes the reading pleasurable and stress-free.
At the beginning of each chapter, we have included the topics that are to be learnt in that particular chapter, which will help the reader remember the contents while revising the topic. At the end of each section, the long as well as short questions are given for the follow-up on the topics.
This venture is possible only because of the blessings of the professors, best wishes and cooperation of our friends and fellow-teachers and the students, who know what they want and where to get those from. We are grateful and also thankful to one and all for being the well-wishers of us.
Our special thanks are due to Dr S Manikandan (Associate Professor of Physiology, Tagore Medical College & Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India) for his personal involvement in interacting with the students and giving us the feedback, which helped us in shaping it as per the need of time and necessity of the students.8
We wish to continue our services to the students’ community through this book. We are confident that the opinions, comments and valuable suggestions from one and all coming across this book will help us improve it further to meet the needs of those students who have Physiology as the subject in their career.
K Sembulingam
Prema Sembulingam
9Preface to the first edition
We, the authors of Essentials of Medical Physiology are proud to bring out another textbook in Physiology, titled Essentials of Physiology for Dental Students. This is the outcome of requests, wishes and friendly orders from different category of people including the dental and paramedical students and faculties.
Physiology is different from other biomedical sciences as it deals with the functional aspects of various systems in the living body along with the emphasis on the regulatory mechanism that maintain the normalcy of the functions within narrow limits. It forms the strong foundation on which other medical fields are constructed.
The primary aim of this book is to meet the needs of the dental, paramedical and health science students precisely in the examination point of view, in getting knowledge of recent developments in the field of Physiology and in knowing the important applied aspects of various topics.
The descriptive diagrams are given in such a way that the students can easily understand and reproduce them wherever necessary. The explanation of the topics is supported with the flowcharts and tables which makes the reading a pleasure and stress-free.
In the starting of each chapter, we have included the topics that are to be learnt in that particular chapter which will help the reader to remember the contents while revising the topic. At the end of each section, the long questions and short questions are given for the follow-up of the topics.
This venture is possible only because of blessings of professors, best wishes and cooperation of our friends and co-teachers and the students who know what they want and where to get them. We are grateful and thankful to one and all for being the well-wishers of us.
We wish to continue our services to the students’ community through this book. We are confident that the opinions, comments and valuable suggestions from one and all coming across this book will help us to improve it further to meet the needs of everyone who has Physiology as subject in their career.
K Sembulingam
Prema Sembulingam