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Fundamentals of Surgical Pathology
Shameem Shariff
1:
Female Genital System
CERVIX
Punch Biopsy
Wedge Biopsy
Cone Biopsy
ENDOMETRIUM
Bits
UTERUS, CERVIX, OVARIES AND FALLOPIAN TUBES
Types of Surgery
Measurements
Description Endometrial Cavity
Cervix
Bits
Ovary
Bits (Fig. 1.9)
Fallopian Tube
Bits
CARCINOMA CERVIX
Bits (Figs 1.11A and B)
CARCINOMA ENDOMETRIUM
Bits (Fig. 1.12)
OVARIAN TUMORS
Bits (Fig. 1.13)
Solid Tumors
Cystic Neoplasms
TUMORS OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBE
Bits (Fig. 1.15)
PELVIC EXENTERATION
VULVA
Specimens Received
Biopsies for Nontumoral Conditions
Vulvectomy Specimen
Simple Vulvectomy
Radical Vulvectomy
PLACENTA
Singleton Type of Placenta
Bits
Twin Type Placentas (Fig. 1.25)
Bits
Twin A
Twin B
FETUS
Types of Specimens
Bits
CERVIX
UTERUS
OVARY AND FALLOPIAN TUBES
Gross on Fetus and Embryo
VULVA
CERVIX
Squamous Tumors and Precursors
Glandular Tumors and Precursors
Other Epithelial Tumors
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)
Squamous Papilloma
Cervical Carcinoma
UTERUS
Endometrium
1. Stages of Normal Menstrual Cycle
2. Metaplasias
3. Inflammations
4. Adenomyosis and Endometriosis
5. WHO Classification of the Tumors of the Uterus
Endometrial Hyperplasia
Polyps
Endometrial Carcinoma
Microscopy
Endometrial Stromal Tumors
Leiomyoma
Leiomyosarcomas
Malignant Mixed Mullerian Tumor
OVARY
Non-Neoplastic Conditions
Surface Epithelial Tumors
Germ Cell Tumors
Sex Cord Stromal Tumors
Placenta
Non-neoplastic
Choriocarcinoma (CC)
CERVICAL BIOPSY HISTOPATHOLOGY REPORT (TUMOR AND NONTUMOR)
HYSTERECTOMY SPECIMEN FOR CERVICAL CANCER
ENDOMETRIAL BIOPSY: HISTOPATHOLOGY REPORT (TUMOR AND NONTUMOR)
HYSTERECTOMY SPECIMEN: HISTOPATHOLOGY REPORT (NON-MALIGNANT)
HYSTERECTOMY SPECIMEN: ENDOMETRIAL CANCER HISTOPATHOLOGY REPORT
OVARY AND FALLOPIAN TUBE NON- NEOPLASTIC / BENIGN TUMORS
OVARY: MALIGNANT SURFACE EPITHELIAL TUMOR
NONEPITHELIAL TUMORS OVARY
FALLOPIAN TUBE CARCINOMA
2:
Male Genital System
PENIS
Small Biopsy Specimens
Bits
Penectomy Specimens
Bits (Fig. 2.1)
Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection
Bits
PROSTATE
Specimens Received
Needle Biopsy
Bits
TURP Specimens
Bits
Suprapubic Prostatectomy for Nodular Hyperplasia
Bits (Fig. 2.2)
Radical Prostatectomy for Tumor
Bits (Fig. 2.3)
TESTIS
Wedge or Needle Biopsy
Bits
Orchidectomy Specimen
Bits (Fig. 2.4)
For Non-neoplastic Lesions (Fig. 2.5)
PENIS
TESTIS
PENIS
PROSTATE
TESTIS
PENIS
1. Small Biopsies
Gross
Microscopy
2. Resection Specimens
Specimen Type
Gross
Microscopy
TNM Clinical Staging for Penile Carcinomas
M - Distant Metastasis
PROSTATE
1. Prostatic Needle Biopsies/TURP Chips
Type of Specimen
Histology
2. Resected Specimens for Prostatic Carcinoma
Type of Procedure
Microscopic Features
TNM Staging for Prostatic Carcinoma
Regional Lymph Nodes(N)
Clinical
Pathologic
Distant Metastasis(M)*
TESTIS
1. Testicular Biopsy
2. Resection Specimen for Testicular Cancer
Gross
Histology
Other Features
pTNM Pathological Classification for Testicular Cancer
pT: Primary Tumor
pN: Regional Lymph Nodes
pM: Distant Metastasis
3:
Urinary System
KIDNEY
Needle Biopsy
Bits
Nephrectomy
Partial Nephrectomy
Simple Nephrectomy
Radical nephrectomy (for tumoral conditions)
Nephroureterectomy (for tumoral conditions)
Nontumoral Conditions
Bits (Fig. 3.1)
Tumoral Conditions
Bits (Fig. 3.2)
URETER
Bits
Pelviuretic Junction (PUJ)
Bits
URINARY BLADDER
Cystoscopic Biopsies
Bits
Cystectomy
Fixation
Description
Bits (Fig 3.4)
GROSS PEARLS
Kidney
Cysts
Tumors
URINARY BLADDER
MICROSCOPY PEARLS: AIDS IN DIAGNOSIS
Renal Biopsy
Possible Useful Indications
Renal Biopsy is not Useful in Evaluating
Contraindications: Absolute
Relative Contraindications
High-risk Situations/Not Contraindications
Salient Anatomical Features
Terms used in the Evaluation of Glomerular Diseases
Clinical Patterns of Glomerular Diseases
Classification of Glomerular Diseases
Primary Glomerular Diseases
Secondary Diseases
Acute Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis
Clinical Features
Pathogenesis
Pathology
Prognosis
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis(Crescentic glomerulonephritis)
Clinical
Pathogenesis
Pathology
IgA Nephropathy/ Henoch-Schönlein Purpura
Clinical
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)
Pathology (Similar for IgA and Henoch-Schönlein Purpura)
Prognosis
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis(Mesangiocapillary Glomerulonephritis)
Clinical Features
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Clinical
Pathogenesis
Pathology
Activity and Chronicity Indices (Austin et al, 1984)
Vascular Lesions in Lupus Nephritis
Hereditary Nephritis: Alport's Syndrome
Clinical
Pathogenesis
Pathology
Minimal Change Disease (MCD): Lipoid Nephrosis
Clinical Features
Pathology
Prognosis
Histologic Variants of Minimal Change Disease
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS)
Clinical Features
Pathology
Prognosis
Membranous Glomerulonephritis
Clinical
Pathology
Prognosis
Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome
Clinical
Pathology
Diffuse Mesangial Sclerosis (DMS)
Clinical
Pathology
Diabetic Nephropathy
Clinical
Pathogenesis
Pathology
Prognosis
Amyloidosis
Clinical
Pathology
Prognosis
Thrombotic Microangiopathy
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome—Forms of Clinical Presentation
Electron Microscopy
Immnofluorescence
Prognosis
Nephrosclerosis
Pathogenesis
Pathology
Pyelonephritis
Acute Pyelonephritis
Chronic Pyelonephritis
End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)
Renal Neoplasms
Other Tumors
Classification of Kidney Tumors in Infants and Children
Wilms’ Tumor
Cysts of the Kidney
Autosomal Dominant Adult Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD)
Autosomal Recessive Childhood Polycystic Kidney Disease (Potter Type I Cystic Disease)
Cystic Disease of Renal Medulla
Medullary Sponge Kidney
Nephronophthisis: Medullary Cystic Disease Complex
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Cystitis
Urethra
SYNOPTIC REPORTING AND MINIMUM DATA SETS
Kidney Biopsy Histopathology Reporting Format
Renal Allograft Biopsy Interpretation (Transplant Biopsy)
Banff 97 diagnostic categories for renal allograft biopsies: 2007 update.
Fuhrman Nuclear Grade
TNM Staging of Renal Carcinomas
Pathological Tumor Stages Illustrated Diagrammatically
Cystoscopic Biopsy
BLADDER RESECTION SPECIMENS
Gross
TNM Staging of Bladder Tumors
4:
Salivary Glands
GROSS PEARLS
PEARLS FOR MICROSCOPY: AIDS IN DIAGNOSIS
SYNOPTIC HISTOPATHOLOGY REPORTING AND MINIMUM DATA SETS
Gross
Microscopy
TNM Staging of Salivary Gland Tumors
5:
Gastrointestinal System
ORAL CAVITY INCLUDING BONY RESECTIONS
Lymphatic Drainage (Fig. 5.1)
LIP
Biopsies
Excision
Bits
Lymphatic Drainage of the Lips
Tongue
Biopsy of the Tongue
Hemiglossectomy
Bits (Fig. 5.3)
Lymphatic Drainage of Tongue
FLOOR OF MOUTH AND GINGIVA
Hemimandibulectomy
Bits (Fig. 5.4)
Middle Mandibulectomy
Bits (Fig. 5.5)
HARD PALATE AND UPPER ALVEOLAR RIDGE
Bits (Fig. 5.7)
PHARYNX
Nasopharynx (Fig. 5.8)
Oropharynx (Figs 5.8 and 5.9)
Hypopharynx (Figs 5.8 and 5.10)
GROSSING OF PHARYNX
Punch Biopsies
Bits
Resected Specimen of Soft Palate—Uvula
Bits (Fig. 5.12)
Tonsillectomy Specimen
Bits (Fig. 5.13)
Specimen of Retromolar Trigone
Bits (Fig. 5.14)
Glossectomy Specimens
Bits (Fig. 5.15)
Excised Posterior Pharyngeal and Hypopharyngeal Wall Lesions (Fig. 5.16)
Bits (Fig. 5.17)
Pharyngectomy Specimens for Pyriform Sinus Cancers
Bits (Fig. 5. 18)
Resected Postcricoid Carcinomas
Bits (Fig. 5.19)
ESOPHAGUS
Endoscopic Biopsy
Bits
Esophagectomy Specimens
Specimen Handling
Bits (Fig. 5.20)
STOMACH
Endoscopic Biopsies
Bits
Gastrectomy Specimen (for Peptic Ulcer)
Bits (Fig. 5.23)
Gastrectomy Specimen (for Malignant Lesion)
Bits (Fig. 5.24)
SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE
Endoscopic Biopsies
Polypectomy Specimens (Large Intestine) (Figs 5.26 and 5.27)
Bits
Resections (Figs 5.28A and B)
A. Non-neoplastic Lesions
Bits (Figs 5.29A to C)
B. Neoplastic Lesions
Bits (Fig. 5.30)
APPENDIX
Bits (Fig. 5.31)
GROSS PEARLS
Esophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine Including Appendix
PEARLS FOR MICROSCOPY: AIDS IN DIAGNOSIS
Oral Cavity and Oropharynx
Non-neoplastic Conditions
Neoplastic Conditions
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
ESOPHAGUS
STOMACH, SMALL AND LARGE INTESTINE
SYNOPTIC REPORTING AND MINIMUM DATA SET
Minimum Data Set
Pathological Staging
6:
Liver and Gallbladder
LIVER
Needle Biopsy
Wedge Biopsy
Hepatic Resections for Hepatic Parenchymal Tumors
Bits (Fig. 6.2)
Hepatic Resections for Tumors of the Major Bile Ducts
Bits
GALLBLADDER
Bits (Fig. 6.4)
Gallstones
Nature of Gallstones
LIVER
GALLBLADDER
MICROSCOPY PEARLS: AIDS IN DIAGNOSIS
Liver Biopsy Interpretation
Biopsy
Interpretation: Microscopy
SYNOPTIC REPORTING AND MINIMUM DATA SET
1. Cholecystectomy
2. Liver: Needle biopsy/Wedge biopsy: Minimum data set
3. Liver Resection for Malignancy
7:
Pancreas
PANCREAS
Pancreatic Biopsies
Whipple's Procedure (Fig. 7.1)
Bits (Fig. 7.2)
GROSS PEARLS
MICROSCOPY PEARLS: AIDS IN DIAGNOSIS
SYNOPTIC REPORTING AND MINIMUM DATA SETS
Pancreatic Biopsies/Resections
TNM Staging of Pancreatic Neoplasms
8:
Respiratory System
UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
LARYNX
GROSSING OF LARYNX
Laryngoscopic Biopsies
Bits
Laryngectomy Specimens
Hemilaryngectomy Specimen
Bits
Supraglottic Laryngectomy Specimen
Bits (Figs 8.10 and 8.11)
Total Laryngectomy Specimen
Bits (Figs 8.12 and 8.13)
MICROSCOPY PEARLS: AIDS IN DIAGNOSIS
Nasal Cavity and Paranasal/Nasal Sinuses
Larynx
SYNOPTIC REPORTING AND MINIMUM DATA SETS
1. Resection Specimens – Paranasal Sinuses
2. Laryngeal Biopsies
3. Resection for Carcinoma of the Larynx
RESPIRATORY TRACT’LUNG
Types of Specimens
Transbronchial Biopsy; Transthoracic Trucut; Open Lung/Wedge Biopsies
Lobectomy and Entire Lung Resections (Nontumor)
Bits (Fig. 8.15)
Lung—Resection for Tumor
Bits (Fig. 8.16)
PLEURA
Decorticated Specimen of Pleura
Bits
GROSS PEARLS
MICROSCOPY PEARLS: AIDS IN DIAGNOSIS
Important Features of Some Neoplasms
Preinvasive Lesions
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Small Cell Carcinoma
Large Cell Carcinoma
Adenosquamous Carcinoma
Carcinomas with Pleomorphic, Sarcomatoid or Sarcomatous Elements
Carcinoid Tumor
Mesothelioma
Adenocarcinoma vs Mesothelioma
Solitary Fibrous Tumor
Intravascular Sclerosing Bronchioalveolar Tumor
Clear Cell (Sugar) Tumor
SYNOPTIC REPORTING AND MINIMUM DATA SETS
Lung Biopsy/ Resections
TNM Staging of Lung Tumors
SUMMARY
9:
Lymphoreticular System
LYMPH NODES
Single Lymph Node
Bits
Lymph Node Dissection for Malignancy (Regional Lymph Node Clearance)
Bits
Neck Dissection Specimens
Procedure
Bits (Fig. 9.2)
SPLEEN
Splenectomy
Bits (Fig. 9.3)
Splenectomy for Staging Lymphomas
THYMUS
Needle Biopsy
Thymectomy Specimen
Bits (Fig. 9.4)
GROSS PEARLS
Lymph Nodes, Spleen and Thymus
MICROSCOPY: AIDS IN DIAGNOSIS
Lymphomas
B Cell Lymphomas
B Lymphoblastic Lymphoma (Precursor B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia)
Lymphocytic Lymphoma/Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL)
Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma/Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia
Mantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL)
Marginal Zone Lymphoma of Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue
Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL)
Primary Effusion Lymphoma (PEL)
Grading of Follicular Lymphomas (WHO 2001)
Burkitt's Lymphoma (BL)
Hairy Cell Leukemia
Plasmacytoma
Multiple Myeloma
Lymphoblastic Lymphomas
Peripheral T Cell Lymphomas
Extranodal Lymphomas
Hodgkin's Disease
Types of R-S Cells
Classification of Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Assembled Lymph Node Pearls
THYMOMA
Classification of Thymomas
Clinical Staging for Thymoma: Modified Masaoka system 1981, 1994
SYNOPTIC REPORTING AND MINIMUM DATA SETS
1. Lymphoreticular Histopathology Report
Ann Arbor Staging System for Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas
10:
Breast
BREAST
Specimens Received
Tru Cut Biopsy and Incisional Biopsy
Excision Biopsy and Wide Local Excision
Bits (Fig. 10.1)
Mastectomy
Bits (Fig. 10.5)
Lymph Nodes
GROSS PEARLS
MICROSCOPY PEARLS: AIDS IN DIAGNOSIS
Phyllodes Tumor
Adenosis
Sclerosing Adenosis
Tubular Adenosis
Microglandular Adenosis
Blunt Duct Adenosis
Radial Scar
Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia (ADH)
Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)
Differences between ADH and DCIS
Grading Systems of DCIS
Differences between high and low grade DCIS
Van Nuys System of Prognostic Index for DCIS
Papillary Lesions
Differences between Benign Papilloma and Papillary Carcinoma
Carcinoma and Genes
Diagnostic Techniques
Carcinoma and Histological Variants
Hormone Receptor Status
Method and Criteria
Scorings Systems
Her2-neu (c-erb B2)
BREAST HISTOPATHOLOGY SYNOPTIC REPORT’MINIMUM DATA SETS EXCISION /MASTECTOMY
Wide Bore Needle Biopsy Form (WBN)
Optional Further Information
TNM Clinical Classification
11:
Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
THYROID GLAND
Total Thyroidectomy
Bits (Fig. 11.1)
PARATHYROID GLAND
Specimens Received
Excision Biopsy
Bits
GROSS PEARLS
MICROSCOPY PEARLS: AIDS IN DIAGNOSIS
Who Classification of Thyroid Tumors 1988
Papillary Carcinoma
Variants of Papillary Carcinoma
Follicular Neoplasms
Criteria for Diagnosing Follicular Carcinoma
Variants of Follicular Neoplasms
Rare Variants
Medullary Carcinoma
Tumor-like Conditions
Goiter
Multinodular Goiter
Grave's Disease (Toxic goiter by clinicians)
Thyroiditis
Parathyroid Gland
Parathyroid Adenoma
Variants of Parathyroid Adenoma
Parathyroid Carcinoma
Parathyroid Hyperplasia
SYNOPTIC REPORTING AND MINIMUM DATA SETS
Thyroid Biopsy/Resection Specimens
TNM Staging of Thyroid Tumors
12:
Skin
SKIN
Punch Biopsy
Bits
Shave Biopsy
Bits
Excision Biopsy
Bits
MICROSCOPY PEARLS: AIDS IN DIAGNOSIS
Viral Infections
Bacterial Infections
Dermatosis
Psoriasis
Microscopy
Lichen Planus
Common Bullous Lesions of the Skin
Hyperkeratotic and Hyperplastic Lesions
Cysts from the Infundibular Portion of the Hair Follicles
Adnexal Tumors
Eccrine Sweat Gland Tumors
Trichoepithelioma Group
Sebaceous Glands
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Merkel Cell Carcinoma
Stromal Tumors of the Dermis
Fibrohistiocytic Group of Tumors
Neural Tumors—Neurofibromas
Melanocytic Nevi
Junctional Nevi
Compound Nevus
Specific Variants of Melanocytic Nevi'spitz Nevus
Pigmented Spindle Cell Nevus of Reed
Blue Nevus: (Jadassohn-Tieche)
Malignant Melanoma
SYNOPTIC REPORTING AND MINIMUM DATA SETS
1. Skin Melanoma
2. Nonmelanocytic Tumors of the Skin
13:
Bone
GROSSING OF BONE LESIONS
Bone Biopsy/Bone Marrow Needle Biopsy
Bits
Femoral Head Excision
Bits (Fig. 13.1)
EXTREMITIES
Amputation and Disarticulation Specimens
Upper Limb
Lower Limb
Amputation for Osseous Tumor
Description and Procedure
Bits (Fig. 13.2)
Response to Chemotherapy in Bone Tumors
GROSS PEARLS
MICROSCOPY PEARLS: AIDS IN DIAGNOSIS
Non-neoplastic Lesions
Disorders of Bone Matrix and Collagen
Defects in Mineralization of Bone
Defect due to Abnormal Resorption
Fracture
Bone Infarction
WHO CLASSIFICATION OF BONE TUMORS,1995
Cartilage Tumors
Osteochondroma
Chondroma
Chondroblastoma
Chondromyxoid Fibroma
Chondrosarcoma
Dedifferentiated Chondrosarcoma
Osteoid Tumors
Osteoma
Osteoid Osteoma
Osteoblastoma
Osteogenic Sarcoma
Ewing's Sarcoma/ PNET
Giant Cell Tumor (GCT)
Adamantinoma
Myeloma
Tumor-like Lesions / Tumors of Undefined Neoplastic Nature
Metaphyseal Fibrous Defect
Solitary Bone Cyst (Unicameral Bone Cyst)
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC)
SYNOPTIC REPORTING OF BONE LESIONS AND MINIMUM DATA SETS
TNM Staging
14:
Soft Tissue
SOFT TISSUE MASSES
AMPUTATION FOR SOFT TISSUE TUMORS
Bits (Fig. 14.1)
AMPUTATION FOR OCCLUSIVE VASCULAR DISEASE (LOWER LIMB)
Description
Dissection of Femoral Vessels (Fig. 14.2)
Dissection of Anterior Tibial Vessels (Fig. 14.2)
Dissection of Dorsalis Pedis Vessel (Fig. 14.2)
Dissection of the Popliteal, Posterior Tibial and Peroneal Vessels (Fig. 14.3)
Dissection of Medial and Lateral Plantar Vessels (Fig. 14.3)
Bits (Figures 14.2 to 14.3 shown for dissection of vessels)
GROSS PEARLS
MICROSCOPY PEARLS: AIDS IN DIAGNOSIS
Who Classification of Soft Tissue Tumors
Adipocytic Tumors
Lipomatosis
Angiolipoma
Myolipoma
Chondroid Lipoma
Hibernoma
Spindle Cell and Pleomorphic Lipoma
Atypical Lipoma or Well Differentiated Lipoma Sarcoma
Myxoid Liposarcoma
Pleomorphic Liposarcoma
Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma
Fibroblastic /Myofibroblastic Tumors
Nodular Fascitis
Proliferative Fasciitis
Myositis Ossificans
Elastofibroma
Myofibroma/Myofibromatosis
Fibromatosis
Inclusion Body Fibromatosis
Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis
Angiomyofibroblastoma (AMF)
Cellular Angiofibroma (CA)
Extrapleural Solitary Fibrous Tumor and Heman-Giopericytoma
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor (Inflammatory Pseudotumor) (Inflammatory Fibrosarcoma, Plasma Cell Granuloma)
Low Grade Myofibroblastic Sarcoma
Myxoinflammatory Fibroblastic Sarcoma
Differential Diagnosis
Infantile Fibrosarcoma or Congenital Fibroma
Adult Fibrosarcoma
Myxofibrosarcoma
Low Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma
So-called Fibrohistiocytic Tumors
Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath (Benign Synovioma)
Diffuse Type Giant Cell Tumor (Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis)
Deep Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma
Plexiform Fibrous Histiocytoma
Giant Cell Tumor of Soft Tissue
Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma (MFH)
Smooth Muscle Tumors
Angioleiomyoma
Leiomyoma of Deep Soft Tissue
Leiomyosarcoma of Soft Tissue
Skeletal Muscle Tumors
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Grading of Soft Tissue Sarcomas
French Federation of Cancers Centers Sarcoma Group Criteria
Tumors of Uncertain Differentiation
Myxoma
Superficial Angiomyxoma (SA)
Aggressive Angiomyxoma (AA)
Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma
Synovial Sarcoma
Epithelioid Sarcoma
Alveolar Soft Part Sarcoma
Vascular Tumors
Angiomatosis
Bacillary Angiomatosis
SYNOPTIC REPORTING AND MINIMUM DATA SETS
Non-neoplastic
Neoplastic
TNM Staging of Soft Tissue Tumors
15:
Eye and Orbit
EYE AND ORBIT
Specimens Received
Enucleation
Orbital Exenteration
MICROSCOPY PEARLS: AIDS IN DIAGNOSIS
Eyelids
Lacrimal Gland
Conjunctiva
Cornea
Intraocular Lesions
SYNOPTIC REPORTING AND MINIMUM DATA SETS
1. Small Biopsies
2. For Synoptic Reporting of Retinoblastoma see Section on Pediatric Tumors
16:
Pediatric Neoplasms
WILMS’ TUMOR
Method of Sampling the Sinus
Bits (Fig. 16.1)
LIVER TUMORS
GERM CELL TUMORS
Testis
Ovary
Extragonadal
MICROSCOPY PEARLS: AIDS IN DIAGNOSIS
1. Classification of Kidney Tumors in Infants and Children
Wilms’ Tumor
Cystic Partially Differentiated Wilms’ Tumor
Mesoblastic Nephroma
Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney
Rhabdoid Tumor of Kidney
Neuroblastoma
Classification
Detail on Categories INPC, 1999
Retinoblastoma
Hepatoblastoma
SYNOPTIC REPORTING AND MINIMUM DATA SETS
1. Nephrectomy Specimen Reporting for Wilms’ tumor
National Wilms’ Tumor Study System for Staging Pediatric Renal Tumors (NWTS System)
2. Reporting on Neuroblastoma Resection Specimens
Staging of Neuroblastoma
3. Retinoblastoma Report on Resected Specimens
pTNM:
4. Reporting of Hepatoblastoma: As outlined in Section on Liver.
17:
Miscellaneous
BRAIN
Indications for Brain Biopsy
Types of Biopsies taken at Craniotomy
Precautions to be taken during the Transport of Biopsy Specimens to the Laboratory
Formalin Fixation
Freezing with Liquid Nitrogen
Gluteraldhyde Fixation for Electron Microscopy
Smear or Squash Preparation
Touch Preparations
MUSCLE
Processing of muscle tissue may be done in the following ways
FIBER TYPING
PERIPHERAL NERVE
Bits
HEART VALVES
Atrioventricular Valves
Semilunar Valves
Bits
ANNEXURE – I
ANNEXURE – II
Immunohistochemistry
B-5 Fixative Preparation
Bayley's Fixative
ANNEXURE – III
Method of Obtaining Material for Culture (from Unfixed Tissue)
ANNEXURE – IV
Sampling of Tissue for Receptor Assays
ANNEXURE – V
Collection/Sampling of Tissue for Electron Microscopy
3% Gluteraldehyde
Bibliography
INDEX
TOC
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