Textbook of Ear, Nose and Throat with Head and Neck Surgery for Medical Students
Textbook of Ear, Nose and Throat with Head and Neck Surgery for Medical Students
As per the Competency Based Medical Education Curriculum (NMC)
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Textbook of Ear, Nose and Throat with Head and Neck Surgery for Medical Students
First Edition: 2024
Revised Reprint: 2024
9789356969230
Printed in India
It is an absolute pleasure to write a foreword for this wonderful book which serves both categories of students I have come across among our undergraduate MBBS students. For the student wishing to master the subject, this is indeed a comprehensive and well-detailed textbook which serves to give the reader an understanding of the concepts and science of the subject and the clinical approach to each problem. For the student wishing to do well in the examination and/or to gather the bare essentials, this is again a text wherein the essential must-know points are appropriately highlighted and emphasized. The thoughtful subheadings and highlights in red allow for a quick recap of all essential points and enable last minute examination preparation in all aspects of the subject.
Each chapter lists the learning objectives and also some examination questions. Each chapter ends with a section on Self-Assessment and Interesting Cases section. The interesting cases listed here allow the reader to engage in clinical scenarios and to reflect on their understanding of the topic. The Review Questions and Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) in the same section enable the reader to check on whether the learning objectives for the examination have been attained. Further, this section is a further synopsis of the essential learning points.
All in all, an excellent textbook which shall serve both as a textbook for mastering and understanding the subject, and also as a quick revision guide. It is an interesting read for students wishing for clinical correlates with learning pearls and clinical scenarios to provide context and engagement. It is in accordance with the undergraduate curriculum in the subject and appropriate for examination preparation. It is an easy read, is excellently illustrated, and has additional sections on instruments and the frequent viva-voce questions and scenarios in undergraduate examinations.
An excellent book which I have enjoyed reading. The kind of book I wish I had the benefit of when I was developing an understanding of the subject and undertaking similar examinations. It will engage our students and elicit their interest in the subject.
Alok Thakar MS FRCSED
Professor and Head
Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
New Delhi, India
Chairman, National Cancer Institute
Foreword
It is with great pleasure that I introduce the book, Textbook of Ear, Nose and Throat with Head and Neck Surgery for Medical Students authored by my esteemed colleague, Dr Hitesh Verma, who serves as a distinguished member of the ENT faculty at the renowned All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. Dr Verma's exemplary contributions as an academician and clinician have enriched the otorhinolaryngology field. In medical education and clinical practice, the significance of an authoritative and contemporary textbook cannot be overstated. Dr Hitesh Verma's textbook represents a remarkable culmination of his extensive experience and unrelenting dedication to the discipline of otorhinolaryngology. The textbook covers various topics within ENT, along with head and neck surgery, providing an exhaustive exploration of the subject matter. Each chapter covers anatomy, physiology, and the disease simply with many clinical pictures. The last part of the chapter has a summary, self-assessment, and clinical scenarios. The USP of this book is it is easy to follow and retain. His thoughtful integration of contemporary clinical practices ensures that this textbook remains at the forefront of medical education and training. This comprehensive guide will become an essential companion for medical students, residents, and seasoned practitioners, offering rich knowledge and practical insights. I extend my heartfelt congratulations to Dr Hitesh Verma for his contribution to medical literature.
Rakesh Kumar MS (ENT)
Professor
Department of Otorhinolaryngology
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
New Delhi, India
Foreword
Textbook of Ear, Nose and Throat with Head and Neck Surgery for Medical Students is based on the current modern clinical practice and encompasses the curriculum the National Medical Commission laid down. The attention to detail given to ENT diseases makes it a winner for not only the routine ENT practice but also for understanding the approach to a patient. I feel this book is necessary for understanding the diagnosis and treatment of common ENT disorders in detail. The chapter on clinical examination of ENT patients provides a very important practical guide on approaching a patient. The language is easy to comprehend and makes reading easy. There are also detailed diagrams, tables, MCQs, and case summaries which make for a more holistic teaching.
This book is good not only for the students of MBBS but also as a ready reckoner for postgraduate students and anyone requiring to brush up their knowledge.
I have known Dr Hitesh Verma for many years and have had the goodwill of being his teacher. I congratulated him for bringing out a book necessary for the hour. I am sure it will benefit the medical community tremendously.
Ramandeep S Virk MS (ENT)
Professor
Department of ENT and Head Neck Surgery
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research
Chandigarh, India
Foreword
The field of ENT is vast and continually evolving with new research, technologies, and treatments emerging regularly. This book is a culmination of the latest knowledge, and it also serves as a foundation for timeless principles and practices that have shaped the medical profession for generations. This book, based on the National Medical Commission (NMC) competency curriculum, is targeted to MBBS students. It is written in an elementary language and includes excellent clinical pictures for easy understanding. It is a comprehensive book designed to understand key ENT concepts and practices thoroughly. Whether you are a medical student, a healthcare professional, or someone with a general interest in ENT, this book aims to be your reliable companion on the journey to mastering the intricacies of ENT. It also offers various essential questions and MCQs at the end of each chapter. I am sure this book will be a good source of knowledge for all the MBBS students and young ENT professionals. I wish great success to Dr Hitesh and his book.
Ravi Meher MS DNB
Director–Professor
Maulana Azad Medical College
New Delhi, India
Foreword
It is with great pride and enthusiasm that I introduce Textbook of Ear, Nose and Throat with Head and Neck Surgery for Medical Students authored by our esteemed colleague, Dr Hitesh Verma, who serves as a distinguished member of the ENT faculty at the renowned All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi. In medical education and clinical practice, the significance of an authoritative and contemporary textbook cannot be overstated. Dr Hitesh Verma's textbook represents a remarkable culmination of his extensive experience and unrelenting dedication to the discipline of otorhinolaryngology. This comprehensive guide is poised to become an essential companion for medical students, residents, and seasoned practitioners, offering rich knowledge and practical insights.
The textbook covers various topics within ENT, along with head and neck surgery, providing an exhaustive and profound exploration of the subject matter. Dr Verma's unwavering commitment to precision is palpable throughout the book. He thoughtfully integrates the latest research findings and incorporates contemporary clinical practices, ensuring that this textbook remains at the forefront of medical education and practice.
In conclusion, Textbook of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery by Dr Hitesh Verma is a magnum opus that mirrors the author's unyielding dedication, expertise, and fervor for otorhinolaryngology. I am confident that this textbook will be an indispensable resource for medical students, residents, and practitioners, pivotal in advancing our field.
I extend my heartfelt congratulations to Dr Hitesh Verma for his extraordinary contribution to medical literature. His work will undoubtedly leave an enduring legacy, elevating the knowledge and practice of countless medical professionals for generations to come.
Sunil Samdhani MS (ENT)
Senior Professor (Former Head)
Department of ENT
Sawai Man Singh Medical College
Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
Foreword
Textbook of Ear, Nose and Throat with Head and Neck Surgery for Medical Students is based on the current clinical practice. It secures the proposed curriculum by the National Medical Commission (NMC). This ensures that it aligns with medical students’ enlightening principles and necessities. This comprehensive reporting makes it a treasured resource for understanding routine ENT practice. This is crucial for understanding the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of ENT conditions. There is a committed chapter on the clinical examination of ENT patients. This will provide a practical guidance for students in clinical postings. The book is written in a language that is easy to understand by the budding students. It holds high-quality diagrams, summaries, tables, questions, MCQs, and exciting cases. Pictorial tools can enhance learning practice, helping students grasp complex ideas more effectively.
This book appears to be an all-inclusive and handy resource for students learning ENT and preparing for various medical examinations. Its coverage of core ENT topics and additional relevant subjects, along with visual aids and practical guidance, makes it a valuable resource for Ear, Nose, and Throat.
I appreciate Dr Hitesh Verma's efforts and hard work in forming this educational resource. Students and medical professionals are expected to benefit considerably from such a comprehensive and well-crafted textbook.
Surinder K Singhal MS DNB
Professor
Department ENT, Head and Neck Surgery
Government Medical College Hospital
Chandigarh, India
Foreword
In the last two decades, many changes have occurred in the diagnostic and therapeutic domain of ENT, head and neck surgery. There has been a constant demand for an updated textbook of ENT for undergraduate medical students. After going through the preprints, I am happy to say that ENT, head and neck for graduates by Dr Hitesh Verma is a promising addition to this requirement.
Though the primary target readers for this book are medical undergraduate students, this can very well be used by the ENT postgraduate students as a ready reckoner. I would like to point out that nursing students will find it easy to read and understand according to their requirements.
This book comprises 66 chapters, prepared according to the latest National Medical Commission (NMC) guidelines for Indian medical graduates teaching and examination.
The chapters have theory related to it with highlighted essential points, a good collection of clinical photographs, and a summary at the end with long and short questions and multiple choice questions. The chapters contain interesting cases for case-based learning (CBL) or problem-based learning (CBL). Each subsection has specific examination methods and instruments related to it. Each chapter is written in an easily understandable language.
I extend my warmest wishes to this book's readers and contributors.
Vikas Gupta MBBS MS (AIIMS, New Delhi)
Additional Professor
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Foreword
It gives me immense pleasure to write a foreword for the book, Textbook of Ear, Nose and Throat with Head and Neck Surgery for Medical Students. The book is comprehensive yet very straightforward in conveying the concepts. The book's flow is logical, and diagrams and clinical pictures complement the text. A book on the new National Medical Commission (NMC) competency-based curriculum is required to fulfil the needs of graduate students and the new challenges our graduates are likely to face during their training. This book is appropriate for MBBS students and a ready reference for young surgeons early in their practice.
Vipin Arora MS FIMSA FICS
Director-Professor
Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery
University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital
Delhi, India
Preface
Technological advancement in the last two decades has undoubtedly revolutionized the field of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery, allowing for more accurate diagnoses and better treatment options. With a focus on diagnosis, clinical evaluation, better treatment planning, and patient care, this book covers all the essential aspects of the field of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery.
The book covers the latest research and advancements in the field, as staying updated with the latest developments is crucial for budding and practicing healthcare professionals. Additionally, including detailed diagnostic and therapeutic methods and good illustrations will be very likely helpful for readers. Overall, it is a valuable resource for anyone interested in or involved with otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery.
This book occupies the significant knowledge and expertise of the editor, working at the Apex Institute of India, ensuring that the information provided in the book is likely to be accurate and up to date, which is especially important in a field where new advancements are being made constantly.
The book is valuable for graduates and postgraduates of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery, and practicing doctors. Including diagnostic and therapeutic methods in detail and good illustrations is likely to be useful for those preparing for competitive examinations or training in ENT. The book will be a comprehensive and essential reference book for anyone interested in or involved with otorhinolaryngology, head and neck.
Hitesh Verma
Acknowledgments
I am grateful to my parents (DC Verma and Mrs Suman Lata) for their love, care, prayers, and sacrifices for giving me opportunities and resources for my bright future. My mother being an educationalist always highlights the importance of education and learning. I am blessed to have a wonderful family as my wife (Dr Shaveta Verma) and daughters are a continuous source of inspiration for me to do good and work hard in my field. My parents enriched my academic dedication. I could achieve this milestone because of their hard work, struggles, and commitment. It is my pleasure to acknowledge the contributions of my family, who supported me in my academic and professional pursuits. With my wife's help, I could balance work and home life. She has dramatically supported me by handling household duties and providing feedback on book drafts. My daughters are great reinforcement throughout the academic journey.
I am privileged to work at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, India. I am thankful to my Teachers, Mentors, Colleagues, God, and Patients, for encouraging me to work hard in academics and professional pursuits. It is imperative to have people who believe in me. With great pleasure and respect, I take this opportunity to express my sincere thanks and infinite gratitude to my esteemed teacher and Head of Department, Professor Dr Alok Thakar, for giving me his valuable guidance, advice, support, and supervision. I am also thankful to him for allowing me to use the resources needed to achieve goals. With his inspiration and investment, I could make a valuable book.
I cannot express my gratitude to Dr Suresh Chand Sharma, Dr Rakesh Kumar, Dr Kapil Sikka, Dr DVK Irugu, and Dr Anup Singh in simple words for their support, valuable suggestions, and generosity for allowing me to use clinical resources which support in creating academic material.
I also want to thank Dr Suresh Mani, Dr Harsha Yadav CT, and Dr Prahalad, for participating in photography and permitting me to use photographs. I also want to convey my regards to Dr Ashish Saini, Dr Sindhura VT, and Dr Mahesh Kumar, for providing valuable clinical materials. Without team effort, the creation of practical resources was not possible.
Also, I want to convey my special gratitude to Professor Ashu Seith Bhalla (Department of Radiology), Professors CS Bal and Rakesh Kumar (Department of Nuclear Medicine), Dr Smita Manchanda (Department of Radiology), Dr Aanchal Kakkar (Department of Pathology), and Dr Gagandeep Singh (Department of Microbiology), for their kind support and immense aid in achieving the goal. Their expertise and support were valuable in the completion of work.
I also want to convey my thanks to Dr Chirom Amit Singh, Dr Rajeev Kumar, Dr Prem Sagar, Dr Shuchita Singh Pachaury, Dr Arvind Kairo, Dr Samuel Rajan, and Dr Poonam Sagar, as well as Senior and Junior Residents, for providing valuable support and help.
I also take the opportunity to thank the faculty (Professor NK Panda, Dr Ashok Gupta, Dr Jaimanti Bakshi, Dr Rijuneeta Gupta, Dr Satyawati Mohindro, Dr RS Virk, Dr Sandeep Bansal, and Dr Roshan Verma) of Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, for creating me as an academician. I also thank the faculty (Professor Arjun Dass, Professor Nitin M Nagarkar, Dr Surinder K Singhal, Dr Vipin Arora, and Dr Nitin Gupta) of Government Medical College and Hospital (GMCH), Chandigarh, faculty for enriching my carrier.
Competency Table
Number | COMPETENCY | Core (Y/N) | Chapter number | Page number |
|---|---|---|---|---|
The student should be able to | ||||
EN1.1 | Describe the anatomy and physiology of ear, nose, throat, head and neck | Y | 1, 4, 5, 18, 19, 20, 28, 33, 35, 36, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 53, 55, 56, 56, 61 | 3, 30, 37, 139, 146, 153, 206, 236, 253, 260, 296, 301, 309, 321, 330, 397, 415, 422, 424, 456 |
EN1.2 | Describe the pathophysiology of common diseases in ENT | Y | 1, 3, 4, 5, 9, 18, 19, 20, 21, 23, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33, 38, 45, 54 | 8, 21, 30, 38, 65, 139, 146, 153, 160, 176, 199, 206, 216, 223, 236, 275, 331, 406 |
EN2.1 | Elicit, document and present an appropriate history in a patient presenting with an ENT complaint | Y | 5, 16, 54 | 38, 119, 406 |
EN2.2 | Demonstrate the correct use of a headlamp in the examination of the ear, nose and throat | Y | 16 | 119 |
EN2.3 | Demonstrate the correct technique of examination of the ear including otoscopy | Y | 17 | 129 |
EN2.4 | Demonstrate the correct technique of performance and interpret tuning fork tests | Y | 16 | 124 |
EN2.5 | Demonstrate the correct technique of examination of the nose and paranasal sinuses including the use of nasal speculum | Y | 34 | 242 |
EN2.6 | Demonstrate the correct technique of examining the throat including the use of a tongue depressor | Y | 34 | 247 |
EN2.7 | Demonstrate the correct technique of examination of neck including elicitation of laryngeal crepitus | Y | 51, 54 | 379, 406 |
EN2.8 | Demonstrate the correct technique to perform and interpret pure tone audiogram and impedance audiogram | Y | 21 | 2 |
EN2.9 | Choose correctly and interpret radiological, microbiological and histological investigations relevant to the ENT disorders | Y | 3, 16, 27, 58 | 21, 126, 199, 439 |
EN2.10 | Identify and describe the use of common instruments used in ENT surgery | Y | 17, 34, 52, 62 | 129, 247, 390, 462 |
EN2.11 | Describe and identify by clinical examination malignant and premalignant ENT diseases | Y | 49, 51 | 359, 379 |
EN2.12 | Counsel and administer informed consent to patients and their families in a simulated environment | Y | 60, 65 | 452, 478 |
EN2.13 | Identify, resuscitate and manage ENT emergencies in a simulated environment (including tracheostomy, anterior nasal packing, removal of foreign bodies in ear, nose, throat and upper respiratory tract) | Y | 3, 25, 57 | 24, 189, 433 |
EN2.14 | Demonstrate the correct technique to instilling topical medications into the ear, nose and throat in a simulated environment | Y | 64 | 474 |
EN2.15 | Describe the national programs for prevention of deafness, cancer, noise and environmental pollution | Y | 66 | 484 |
EN3.1 | Observe and describe the indications for and steps involved in the performance of otomicroscopic examination in a simulated environment | N | 7 | 53 |
EN3.2 | Observe and describe the indications for and steps involved in the performance of diagnostic nasal endoscopy | N | 34 | 244 |
EN3.3 | Observe and describe the indications for and steps involved in the performance of rigid/flexible laryngoscopy | N | 49 | 361 |
EN3.4 | Observe and describe the indications for and steps involved in the removal of foreign bodies from ear, nose and throat | N | 57 | 433 |
EN3.5 | Observe and describe the indications for and steps involved in the surgical procedures in ear, nose and throat | N | 8, 32, 55 | 58, 229, 418 |
EN3.6 | Observe and describe the indications for and steps involved in the skills of emergency procedures in ear, nose and throat | N | 50 | 368 |
EN4.1 | Elicit, document and present a correct history, demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of otalgia | Y | 3, 4 | 21, 30 |
EN4.2 | Elicit, document and present a correct history, demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of diseases of the external ear | Y | 3 | 21 |
EN4.3 | Elicit, document and present a correct history, demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of ASOM | Y | 4 | 32 |
EN4.4 | Demonstrate the correct technique to hold visualize and assess the mobility of the tympanic membrane and its mobility and interpret and diagrammatically represent the findings | Y | 16 | 124 |
EN4.5 | Elicit, document and present a correct history, demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of OME | Y | 4 | 33 |
EN4.6 | Elicit, document and present a correct history, demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of discharging ear | Y | 3, 5, 6 | 21, 38, 44 |
EN4.7 | Elicit, document and present a correct history demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of CSOM | Y | 5 | 38 |
EN4.8 | Elicit, document and present a correct history, demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of squamosal type of CSOM | Y | 7 | 50 |
EN4.9 | Demonstrate the correct technique for syringing wax from the ear in a simulated environment | Y | 3 | 22 |
EN4.10 | Observe and describe the indications for and steps involved in myringotomy and myringoplasty | Y | 4, 5 | 34, 39 |
EN4.11 | Enumerate and describe the steps and observe a mastoidectomy | Y | 8 | 58 |
EN4.12 | Elicit, document and present a correct history demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of hearing loss | Y | 9, 11 | 65, 83 |
EN4.13 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of otosclerosis | Y | 9 | 65 |
EN4.14 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of sudden sensorineural hearing loss | Y | 11 | 90 |
EN4.15 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of noise induced hearing loss | Y | 11 | 89 |
EN4.16 | Observe and describe the indications for and steps involved in the performance of pure tone audiometry | Y | 2 | 12 |
EN4.17 | Enumerate the indications and interpret the results of an audiogram | Y | 2 | 12 |
EN4.18 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of facial nerve palsy | Y | 6, 10 | 45, 72 |
EN4.19 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of vertigo | Y | 6 | 45 |
EN4.20 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of Meniere's disease | N | 15 | 109 |
EN4.21 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of tinnitus | Y | 13 | 90 |
EN4.22 | Elicit, document and present a correct history demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of squamosal type of nasal obstruction | Y | 24, 34 | 181, 245 |
EN4.23 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of DNS | Y | 24 | 181 |
EN4.24 | Enumerate the indications, observe and describe steps in the septoplasty | Y | 24 | 183 |
EN4.25 | Elicit, document and present a correct history, demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of squamosal type of nasal polyps | Y | 21 | 163 |
EN4.26 | Elicit, document and present a correct history, demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of squamosal type of adenoids | Y | 37 | 266 |
EN4.27 | Elicit, document and present a correct history, demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of squamosal type of allergic rhinitis | Y | 22 | 167 |
EN4.28 | Elicit, document and present a correct history, demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of squamosal type of vasomotor rhinitis | Y | 22 | 170 |
EN4.29 | Elicit, document and present a correct history, demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of squamosal type of acute and chronic rhinitis | Y | 21 | 159 |
EN4.30 | Elicit, document and present a correct history, demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of squamosal type of epistaxis | Y | 25 | 187 |
EN4.31 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of trauma to the face and neck | N | 26 | 194 |
EN4.32 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of nasopharyngeal angiofibroma | Y | 30 | 217 |
EN4.33 | Elicit, document and present a correct history demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of squamosal type of acute and chronic sinusitis | Y | 21, 22 | 159, 170 |
EN4.34 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of tumors of maxilla | Y | 30, 31, 32 | 216, 223, 232 |
EN4.35 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of tumors of nasopharynx | N | 41 | 296 |
EN4.36 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of diseases of the salivary glands | N | 43 | 311 |
EN4.37 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of Ludwig's angina | Y | 53 | 400 |
EN4.38 | Elicit, document and present a correct history demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of type of dysphagia | Y | 36 | 261 |
EN4.39 | Elicit, document and present a correct history, demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of squamosal type of acute and chronic tonsillitis | Y | 37 | 267 |
EN4.40 | Observe and describe the indications for and steps involved in a tonsillectomy/adenoidectomy | Y | 37 | 266, 269 |
EN4.41 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of acute and chronic abscesses in relation to pharynx | Y | 53 | 398 |
EN4.42 | Elicit, document and present a correct history, demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of hoarseness of voice | Y | 44, 45 | 327, 332 |
EN4.43 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of acute and chronic laryngitis | Y | 46 | 338 |
EN4.44 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of benign lesions of the vocal cord | Y | 47 | 344 |
EN4.45 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of vocal cord palsy | N | 45 | 331 |
EN4.46 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of malignancy of the larynx and hypopharynx | Y | 51 | 379 |
EN4.47 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of stridor | Y | 48, 49 | 351, 359 |
EN4.48 | Elicit, document and present a correct history, demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of airway emergencies | Y | 48, 49 | 351, 358 |
EN4.49 | Elicit, document and present a correct history, demonstrate and describe the clinical features, choose the correct investigations and describe the principles of management of foreign bodies in the air and food passages | Y | 57 | 433 |
EN4.50 | Observe and describe the indications for and steps involved in tracheostomy | Y | 50 | 370 |
EN4.51 | Observe and describe the care of the patient with a tracheostomy | Y | 50 | 373 |
EN4.52 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of diseases of esophagus | N | 42 | 301 |
EN4.53 | Describe the clinical features, investigations and principles of management of HIV manifestations of the ENT | N | 63 | 469 |
Integrations | ||||
AN36.1 | Describe the: (1) morphology, relations, blood supply and applied anatomy of palatine tonsil and (2) composition of soft palate | Y | 35 | 255 |
AN36.2 | Describe the components and functions of Waldeyer's lymphatic ring | Y | 37 | 265 |
AN36.3 | Describe the boundaries and clinical significance of pyriform fossa | N | 35 | 257 |
AN36.4 | Describe the anatomical basis of tonsilitis, tonsillectomy, adenoids and peritonsillar abscess | N | 37 | 265 |
AN36.5 | Describe the clinical significance of Killian's dehiscence | N | 42 | 305 |
AN37.1 | Describe and demonstrate features of nasal septum, lateral wall of nose, their blood supply and nerve supply | Y | 18, 19, 24, 25 | 142, 146, 181, 187 |
AN37.2 | Describe location and functional anatomy of paranasal sinuses | Y | 19 | 147 |
AN37.3 | Describe anatomical basis of sinusitis and maxillary sinus tumors | N | 191 | 47 |
AN38.1 | Describe the morphology, identify structure of the wall, nerve supply, blood supply and actions of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the larynx | Y | 44 | 321 |
AN38.2 | Describe the anatomical aspects of laryngitis | N | 46 | 338 |
AN39.2 | Explain the anatomical basis of hypoglossal nerve palsy | N | 35 | 255 |
AN40.1 | Describe and identify the parts, blood supply and nerve supply of external ear | Y | 1 | 3 |
AN40.2 | Describe and demonstrate the boundaries, contents, relations and functional anatomy of middle ear and auditory tube | Y | 1 | 4 |
AN40.3 | Describe the features of internal ear | N | 1 | 5 |
AN40.4 | Explain anatomical basis of otitis externa and otitis media | N | 3, 4 | 23, 30 |
AN40.5 | Explain anatomical basis of myringotomy | N | 4 | 34 |
PY10.13 | Describe and discuss perception of smell and taste sensation | Y | 20 | 154 |
PY10.15 | Describe and discuss functional anatomy of ear and auditory pathways and physiology of hearing | Y | 1 | 8 |
PY10.16 | Describe and discuss pathophysiology of deafness. Describe hearing tests | Y | 1, 2 | 8, 12 |
CM3.1 | Describe the health hazards of air, water, noise, radiation and pollution | Y | 66 | 484 |
DE4.1 | Discuss the prevalence of oral cancer and enumerate the common types of cancer that can affect tissues of the oral cavity | N | 39, 40 | 282, 291 |
DE4.2 | Discuss the role of etiological factors in the formation of precancerous/cancerous lesions | Y | 38, 39, 40, 51 | 278, 282, 291, 378 |
DE4.3 | Identify potential precancerous/cancerous lesions | N | 38, 39, 40, 51 | 278, 282, 291, 379 |
DE4.4 | Counsel patients to risks of oral cancer with respect to tobacco, smoking, alcohol and other causative factors | Y | 39, 40 | 282, 291 |
IM24.17 | Describe and discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation, identification, functional changes, acute care, stabilization, management and rehabilitation of hearing loss in the elderly | Y | 11 | 83 |
PE14.2 | Discuss the risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis and management of kerosene ingestion | N | 59 | 449 |
PE28.1 | Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of nasopharyngitis | Y | 211 | 59 |
PE28.2 | Discuss the etiopathogenesis of pharyngotonsillitis | Y | 37 | 266 |
PE28.3 | Discuss the clinical features and management of pharyngotonsillitis | Y | 37 | 267 |
PE28.4 | Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of acute otitis media (AOM) | Y | 4 | 32 |
PE28.5 | Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of epiglottitis | Y | 46 | 338 |
PE28.6 | Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of acute laryngo- tracheo-bronchitis | Y | 46 | 339 |
PE28.7 | Discuss the etiology, clinical features and management of stridor in children | Y | 50 | 372 |
PE28.8 | Discuss the types, clinical presentation, and management of foreign body aspiration in infants and children | Y | 49, 57 | 358, 434 |
PE28.9 | Elicit, document and present age appropriate history of a child with upper respiratory problem including stridor | Y | 49 | 358 |
PE28.12 | Perform examination of the nose | Y | 24 | 182 |
PE28.17 | Interpret X-ray of the paranasal sinuses and mastoid; and/or use written report in case of management. Interpret CXR in foreign body aspiration and lower respiratory tract infection, understand the significance of thymic shadow in pediatric chest X-rays | Y | 57, 58 | 434, 439 |
PE31.1 | Describe the etiopathogenesis, management and prevention of allergic rhinitis in children | Y | 221 | 67 |
SU20.1 | Describe etiopathogenesis of oral cancer, symptoms and signs of pharyngeal cancer. Enumerate the appropriate investigations and discuss the principles of treatment | Y | 51 | 385 |