A
Abductor fibers 332
Aberrant subclavian artery 332
Aberrant vessels 103
extradural 47
larger 398
periauricular 46
postauricular 46f
prevertebral 405
progressive 398
temporal lobe 54f
Acetazolamide 238
Acetic acid-based drops 25
Acrivastine 168
Actinomyces israelii 212
Activated partial thromboplastin time 189
Acyclovir 24
Adenine 378
Adenotonsillectomy, preparation for 270
Adipose tissue 275
Adrenaline 229
Agenesis 358
Agranulocytosis 269
Air
cell
division of 5
tracts, posterior 46
conduction tests 8
flow 153f
fluid level 445
health hazards of 484
Airborne toxin 154
Airflow 156
assessment 161
benign
lesions of 353
tumors of 359
disease, workup for 359
emergency
management of 358
principles of 358
examination of 358
fiberoptic evaluation of 351
inflammation 163
injury 351
acute 351
moderate to severe 351
laryngotracheal parts of 355
lesion, location of 366
lower part of 347
malignant
lesions of 353
tumor of 359
narrowing of 358
obstruction of 358
pressure, positive 238
procedures 364
reconstruction of 354f
stenosis 444
intubation-induced 370
staging system of 353
symptoms, minimum 352
trauma 365
turbulence below 358
Allergic mucin 171f
Allergic reaction 359
Alport syndrome 83
Aluminum acetate 23
Alveolar 412
Alzheimer's disease 154
Ameloblastoma 276
Amikacin 104
Amino acid 476
Amygdala 154
Anemia, aplastic 270
Aneurysm 189
Aneurysmal bone cysts 216
Angina, risk of 481
Angioneurotic edema 340
Annulus's attachment 122
Anorexia 312
Anotia 21
Anterior air cell tracts 46
Anterior cartilaginous septum 211f
Anterior cranial fossa 226f
Anterior dislocation 182f
Anterior facial arteries 398
Anterior glottis lesions 384
Anterior orbital stuffing 225
Anterior rhinomanometry 156f
Anterior stenosis, stages of 355
Anterior vestibule cavity 253
Anterior wall collapse 355
Antibacterial drugs 161
Antibody, monoclonal 163
Antifibrinolytic agent 191
Antimalarial drugs 104
Antineoplastic drugs 104
Antioxidants, supplementation of 279
Anti-pseudomonas drugs 25
Antitrypsin 154
Antitumor medication 22
Antoni B cells 96
Aorta, level of arch of 301
Aphasia, nominal 47
Arachnoid cyst 96
Arecaidine 279
Arecoline 279
Argon 462
Arnold Chiari malformation 331
Arnold's nerve 4
Arterial blood gas analysis 450
Arterial occlusion 460t
Artificial eye 456
adduction 333
cartilage lateral limits 322
granuloma 345
medial surface, mucoperichondrium of 346
mucosa 341
Arytenoidectomy 334f
Arytenoidopexy 333f
Asbestos 378
Aspergillosis 211
Aspiration pneumonia 373
Astemizole 168
Asthma 168
Atelectasis 435
Atelectatic ear 34
Atrophic rhinitis 163
Audiometry 8
Auditory neuropathy 104
Auditory pathway, functional anatomy of 8
Auditory spontaneous activity 99
Auditory steady state response 18
Auditory tube, anatomy of 4
Auricular artery, posterior 74
Auropalpebral reflex 83
Autoimmune disorders 104
Autonomic nervous system, influence of 153
Autopsy, consent for 480
Autosomal recessive 83
Axial forehead flap 458
Axial proptosis 207
Axilla 230
Axillary flap approach 231
Azathioprine 279
Azelastine 475
Azithromycin 161
Azygos 301
B
Backbiting forceps 148f
Bakamjian and Littlewood flap 459
Bariatric surgery 238
Barking cough 339
Basal layer hyperplasia theory 51
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma 297
Basement membrane 278
Benzocaine 476
Berlin questionnaire 237
Bernoulli's principles 358
Beta-blockers 230
Betahistine 115
Bethesda system 426t
Bevacizumab 191
Bifid lobule 21f
Bill's bar 9
Bing test 126
Bioelectric nose 155
Bipolar radiofrequency-based tool 464
Bithermal caloric test 112
Blastomycosis 341
Bleomycin 410
Blunt trauma 332
Body mass index 236
Bogdasarian and Olson staging system 353
Boies elevator 195
Bony atresia 202f
Bony defect 200
Bony fracture segment impingement 208
Bony structural disruption 352
Borrelia vincentii 268
Brachial cyst 408f
Bradycardia 236
Branchial apparatus 408
Branchial cyst 409
Branchio-otorenal syndrome 83
Breaks hydrogen bonds 466
Breathy voice 332
Bronchial tree 321
Bronchopneumonia 420
Buccal cavity 287
Buccinators 254
Budesonide respule 475
Bullous myringitis 123f
Burkitt's lymphoblastic lymphoma 412
Burrow's triangle 457
C
Cadaver 332
Cafe-au-lait spots 95
Calcitonin 428
Canal paresis 95
Canal wall removal 7f
Canalicular blockage 203
Canalith reposition maneuvers 112
Cancer
formation 378
glottis 383
oropharyngeal 283
pharyngeal 385
sinonasal 225t
superior extension of 383
supraglottic 383
types of 282
vallecular 292f
Cancerous lesions, formation of 378
Canine space 398
Cannabis 277
Cannula 131
Capsular layer, deep 399
Carboplatin 104
Carcinogen deposition, site for 378
Carcinogenic agents 378
buccal mucosa 288f
commissural 286f
glottis 382f
hypopharyngeal 382f
left upper alveolus 287f
maxillary 226
medullary 427
nonkeratinizing 297
subglottic 382f
supraglottic 381f
tongue 293f
Cardiac arrhythmias 236
Cardiorenal syndrome 104
Cardiovascular diseases 488
Carina 435
Caroticocavernous fistula 207
Cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test 163
Cat scratch disease 410
Caudal dislocation 182
Cavitation ultrasonic surgical aspirator 465
Cavum concha 4
Cawthorne-Cooksey exercise 114
Cefdinir 161
Cefixime 161
Ceftazidime 25
Cefuroxime axetil 161
Cells, types of 296
Central mandibular teeth roots 400
Central mass lesion 407f
Central Pollution Control Board 487
Central skull base infection, spread of 402
Cerebellar signs 95
Cervical
artery, transverse 398
esophagus 301
fasciitis, necrotizing 403
lymph node 296
enlargement 297
primary draining 286
lymphadenopathy
bilateral 297
upper 297f
metastasis, incidence of 378
nodal disease 412
sinus, remnant of 408
spine 303
surgery 390
sympathectomy 173
teratoma 410
tracheal stenosis 355
vertebrae 296
bodies 256
Cetirizine 168
CHARGE syndrome 201
Cheek, puffing of 74f
Cherubism 216
Chevallet fracture 195f
Chills 268
Chimani-Moos's test 126
Chip-on-tip technology 464
Chlorhexidine 476
Chloroform 214
Chloroquine 104
Chlorpheniramine 168
Choanal stenosis 236
Chocha bullosa 166
Choking episodes 435
Chondrosarcoma 378
Chordoma 296
Chromosomal disorders 83
Chromosomes 297
Chronic inflammatory systemic illnesses 338
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, management of 490
Chrysomya genus fly, larvae of 214
Cicatricial membranous stenosis 355
Cicatricial pemphigoid 278
Cidofovir 347
Ciliary function 156
Ciliated columnar epithelium 37
Cirrhosis, primary biliary 279
Clavicular fracture 351
Clonidine 230
Clopidogrel 188
Closed rhinoplasty techniques 242
Clothesline blunt injury transmits 351
Coblator tonsillectomy 271
Cochlea 18
Cochlear duct 109
Cochlear fistula 45
Cochlear hydrops analysis masker procedure 17
Cochleostomy 87f
Cochleovestibular nerve 100
Cognitive behavior therapy 101
Collagen deposition 279
Collapsible nasal valve 236
Collet-Sicard syndrome 297
Columellar retraction 184
Common canalicular blockage 203
Complete maxillary bone 232
Compression therapy 22
Condylar process, herniation of 104
Congenital cholesteatoma formation, theories of 51
Connexin 103
Consciousness, loss of 110
Conservative open surgery 386
Contrast sialography 313
Cookie bite pattern 13
Cordal polyposis 345
Coroner's clot 271
Cottle's nasal speculum 247
Cotton Myer's staging system 353
Cowden syndrome 428
Coxsackie virus 312
Cranial tissue 166
Craniofacial disjunction 196
Craniopharyngiomas 296
Craniotomy site 166
C-reactive protein 25
Cricoidectomy, submucosal 262
Cricopharyngeal myotomy 262
Cricopharyngeal sphincter, relaxation of 262
Cricopharynx 303
Crista ampullaris 109
Crista galli 150
Crocodile forceps 363f
Cross-cultural smell identification test 155
Croup 339t
Crush lower pole pedicle 392
Cryotherapy 22
C-shaped deflection 182f
Cuffed tracheostomy tube 370
Cylindrical box 119
Cymba concha 4
D
Darunavir 470
Davis blades 390
Degenerative disorders 304
Delayed radio-iodine therapy 427
Dene's approach 402
Denis brown tonsil holding forceps 391f
Depressed nasal bone fracture 195
Desipramine 238
Developmental thyroid tissue, failure of descent of 275
Dexmedetomidine 230
Diagnostic nasal endoscopy 161
Digastric muscle 46
Digestive tract, upper part of 275
Digital hearing aids 84f
Dimenhydrinate 114
Dingman retractor 391f
Diphenhydramine 168
Distal esophagus 305
Distal lung 435
Diuretic therapy 115
Donaldson's line 59
Dorsal cochlear nuclei 9
Dorsal lingual artery, tonsillar branch of 265
Dorsal nasal artery 140
Dorsum 255
Double voice 344
Draf procedure 231
Drops application, technique for 475
Dryness 182
Duct stenosis 312
Ductal papilla stenosis 313f
Dulguerov staging system 226
Dural plate 51
Dye ingestion 408
Dye test 32
Dysmotility, primary ciliary 163
causes of 301
etiology of 261
foreign body 262
intermittent 304
malignant 261
management of 262
oropharyngeal 261
persistent 302
progressive 302
symptoms of 383
types of 261
Dysthyroid orbitopathy 443
E
Ear
anatomy of 3
blockage 23
discharge 25
drops, topical 474
dry mopping of 38
examination of 119
functional anatomy of 8
infections
acute 474
chronic 474
instruments 129
pain 31
surgery, complications of 61
syringes 486
wax 474
wet 119
Earache 33
Eating, difficulty in 261
Ecchymosis 196
Edema 196
Efavirenz 470
Electric energy 9
Electrical stimulation 99
Electrocochleography 18
Electrodes, placement of 87f
Electrodiagnostic tests 77
Electrogustometry 77
Electrolarynx 387f
Electromyography 78
Electron microscopy 161
Electroneuronography 78
Electronystagmography 113
Electro-olfactogram 156
Elvitegravir 470
Embolization 191
Emtricitabine 470
Endaural Lempert's incision 58
Endaural tympanoplasty 133
End-expiratory lung volume 238
Endocochlear lumen 86
Endocrine abnormality 216
Endolaryngeal space 383
Endolarynx 361f
Endoscopic excision 384
Endoscopic optic nerve decompression 208f
Endoscopic repair 355
Endotracheal bulb cuff deflation 303
Endovascular coiling 191
Enflurane 463
Enfuvirtide 470
Enophthalmos, enlarged 197
Enteral feeding techniques 262
Enzymatic lysis 51
Enzyme 154
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 469
Eosinophils 154
Ephedrine 162
Epiglottectomy 465
bulky 444
collapsible 238
edematous 340
free edge forms 321
lateral free edge of 322
mucus retention cyst of 276
overhanging 362
upper border 257
Epiglottopexy 262
Epiglottoplasty 334
Epiphora 196
Epithelial cell rests theory 408
Epithelial strip, removal of 59f
Epstein-Barr virus infection 297
Epworth sleepiness scale 237
Erythema 346
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 25
Escherichia coli 51
Esmolol 230
Esophageal diseases, symptoms of 301
Esophageal fascia 402
Esophageal lumen 302f
Esophageal mucosa 278
Esophageal pathologies 301
Esophageal pH 304
Esophageal speech 387
Esophageal stricture 305f
Esophageal web 304
anatomy of 302f
blood supply of 302f
constrictions of 302f
diseases of 301
layers of 302f
lower end of 301
upper end of 301
air cells 148
anatomy 149
artery, anterior 191f
bulla 148f
labyrinth 150
mucocele 202f
computed tomography scan of 202f
T-staging for 225
tumors 226
Ethmoidal osteoma 217f
Ethmoidectomy, posterior 231
Eva's tonsillar snare 392f
Exacerbation, recurrent acute 164
Expansile mass 220f
Extended endoscopic procedures 232
bony cartilaginous junction of 24f
diseases of 22
examination 121
injury, risk of 129
otomycosis of 24f
sides of 84
stenosis of 25f
trauma of 104
wax 23f
anatomy of 3
carcinoma of 105
developmental anomalies 21
infection 471
malignancy of 106
malignant lesions of 25
pathologies 104
physiology of 3
External jugular vein 398
anatomical variation of 241
angles of 139
bony cartilaginous framework of 140f
landmarks of 139
layers of 139
neurovascular supply of 140f
External optic nerve decompression 208f
External vibratory voice 387
Extracellular fibril proteins, abnormal deposition of 275
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 450
Extracorporeal septoplasty 184
Extraocular movement assessment 207f
Extrinsic compression 353
Eyeball, superior displacement of 224f
Eyelid edema 177
F
Facial anesthesia 315
Facial fracture, types of 194
Facial growth, abnormal 266
blood supply of 74f
communicates 73
course of 72f
examination 124
injury, pathology of 76
management, traumatic 79fc
neuroma 96
bilateral 75
management of 72
principles of 72
unilateral 75
radiological landmark for 309
topodiagnostic tests of 75
topographical lesions of 77f
trunk 73
Facial reflex, trigeminal 78
Facial skeleton fractures 194
Facial vein 149
Faciomaxillary trauma 358
Facio-sino-orbito-nasal regions 412
Failed voice therapy 333
Failure to thrive 266
Fanconi anemia 283
Fascial grafts 456
Fasciitis, progressive necrotizing 403f
Fatal intrauterine life 3
Fatigue, vocal 344
Fatty diet 341
Fenestra 67f
Fenestrated tube 374
Fentanyl 229
Fexofenadine 168
Fiberoptic endoscopic removal 435
Fibers, multiple 9
Fibroblast 279
Fibula flap 456
Filiform 255
Fingernail trauma 142
Fire-crackers, noise standards for 488
Flamingo flush 66
Flamingo sign 122
Floppy epiglottis 236
Fluconazole 280
Fluid, pressure collection of 45
Fluorescein dye 201f
Fluorouracil 299
Fluticasone furoate 475
Foleys urinary catheter 190
Follicular hyperplasia 470
Follicular tonsillitis, acute 268f
Folliculitis 242
Fontaine sign 411
Fordyce spot 276
Foreign body aspiration, management of 358
Fork-shaped acoustic resonator 129
Foul breath 268
Fracture
cartilaginous 351
clavicular 351
comminuted 196
mandible 196
naso-orbital 195f
segments 352
repair of 352
Frank cleft palate 270
Frank polyps 246
Free iodine-mediated oxidation 476
French gauge 365
Frenulum 254
Frenzel's maneuver 31
Friedman tongue position 236
Frisch bacilli 212
Frontoethmoid cells 146
Fungal ball 170
Fungiform 255
Fusiform bacteria 268
Fusion inhibitor 470
G
Gag reflex minimizes 360
G-aminobutyric acid 99
Gardner's syndrome 428
Gargles 476
Gastric veins 301
Gastroesophageal junction 304
Gastrokinetic agents 262
Gastroomental flaps 460
Gelle's test 125
Genetic integrity 378
Genioglossus muscle 254
Gentamicin, intratympanic 115
Gingival lesion 471
Gingivitis 472
Gingivobuccal sulcus 233
Glabella 139
Gland
sublingual 311
Glioma 220
Glossitis 378
Glossoepiglottic folds, lateral 254
Glossopharyngeal neurectomy 270
Glottic carcinoma 381f
Glottic papilloma 347f
diseases 359
lacks lymphatic drainage 323
lesions 385
open 330f
posterior 334f
part of 340f
stenosis 355f
tumor 379
regional spread of 379
T staging for 382
Glycerol dehydration test 115
Goblet cells 153
Goiter 422
Gormaz exophthalmometer 207
Gradenigo syndrome 105
Granular tissue 211f
Granulomatous systemic diseases 410
Graves’ disease 424
Gravis 340
Gravitational pull 262
Great vessels, displacement of 426f
Greater cornu 323
Griesinger sign 47
Grillo's procedures 355
Grommet in situ 106
Grossman's hypothesis 332
Gross-septal deviation 164
Growth, fibrous 275
Guanine 378
Guillain-Barre syndrome 333
Guillotine tonsillectomy 271
Gustatory function 75
Guvacine 279
Guvacoline 279
H
Hadad flap 201
Hallpike maneuvers 113f
Halothane 463
Harmonic scalpel 292
Hasner's valve 203
Healed external nasal process deformities 196
Healthcare delivery systems 484
Healthy esophageal mucosa 301
Hearing 99
disadvantages of 84
devices, implantable 84
ear 68
evaluation 12
bilateral symmetrical high-frequency 13
classification of 13t
congenital type of 66
degree of 13t
functional 19
gradual-onset 95
high-frequency progressive symmetrical 89f
low-frequency 13
management of 83
patterns of 66
Heart failure 236
Heartburn 301
Heat exchange 373
Helicotrema 7
Helix, anterior crus of 3
Hellar cell 159
Hemangiopericytoma 188
Hematemesis 302
Hemiazygos 301
Hemiglossectomy 293f
Hemoglobin 270
Hemoptysis 358
Hemorrhage, intraorbital 230
Hemostasis 271
Hemotympanum 105
Hennebert's sign 46
Heparin 188
Hernia, hiatus 341
Herpetiform aphthous ulcer 277f
Hertel's exophthalmometer 207
High-frequency jet ventilation 365
Highmore sinus 149
Histelberger's sign 121
Histoplasmosis 341
Hitzelberger's sign 95
Homogenous soft tissue density 45f
Horns, blowing of 488
Hot methods 271
Hughson-Westlake method 12
Humby knife 457
Humid climates 24
Hybrid implants 88
Hydrocarbon 449
Hydrocephalus 333
Hydroxide radical 435
Hydroxychloroquine 279
Hyoglossus muscle originates 254
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy 403
Hypercapnia 236
Hypersensitive reaction 200
Hypertelorism 196
Hypertonic saline 410
Hypertrophic scar 22
Hypobranchial eminence 428
Hypodense lesion 411f
Hypoglossal canal 297
Hypoglycemia 110
Hypo-ophthalmos 197
Hypoparathyroidism, permanent 427
Hypopharyngeal anatomy 257f
Hypopharyngeal candidiasis 280f
Hypopnea index 238
Hypotensive anesthesia 229
Hypothalamus 154
Hypotympanic cells 7f
I
Ichthammol glycerin solution 23
Image-guided radiation therapy 226
Immunity boost function 265
Immunodeficiency 163
Immunohistochemistry 212
Immunotherapy 169
Impedance test 31
Implantable bone conduction device 85
Implantation theory 51
Incision marking 87f
Incisura terminalis 4
Indirect traumatic optic nerve injury 208
Induction chemotherapy 412
active 67
causes of 400
early sign of 22
fungal 338
opportunistic 469
oropharyngeal 359f
rapid spread of 46
single-space 398
sinonasal 471
Inferior blow-out fractures 197
Inflammatory illnesses, majority of 365
Influenza 159
Infraglottic pathologies 362
Infrahyoid muscle flap 456
Infraorbital artery 140
Infraorbital nerves 230
Inhaled air, temperature control of 187
Inner hair cells 8
Inspiratory stridor 366
Inspired air flow rate 153
Insufflation irrigation 301
Intact canal wall mastoidectomy 58
Intact tympanic membrane 127
Integrase inhibitors 470
Integrated simulation programs 453
Interferon 347
Interlay technique 40
Internal ear, feature of 5
Internal laryngeal nerve 346
Intracanalicular schwannoma 116f
Intraconal vascular mass 207f
Intracranial segment 72
Intraductal stone 466f
Intraglandular sialolithiasis 313f
Intralesional steroid injection 279
Intraluminal procedures 353
Intranasal dimensions 156
Intrathecal fluorescein dye 200
Intrauterine life 265
Invagination theory 51
Invasion theory 51
Irrigation system 464
Irritation, chronic 378
Isthmusectomy 427
Itching 23
J
Jacobson's organ 143
Jaraway fracture 195f
Jejunostomy 262
Jejunum 386
Jeopardizing nutrition 22
Jervell syndrome 83
Jones dye test 203
Jugular foreman 297
Jugulodigastric nodes 269
K
Kadish staging system 226
Kanamycin 104
Keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma 297
Kero's classification 151
Ketoconazole 280
Kidney disease, chronic 490
Killian's nasal speculum 247
Killian's polyp 246
Killian's triangle 305
Kinocilium 109
Koerner's septum 59
Koilonychia 378
Korner's septum 93
Kuttner tumor 315
L
Labetalol 230
Labyrinth 51
Labyrinthectomy 133
Labyrinthitis 45
Lacrimal fluid, movement of 203
Lacrimal gland 203
Lacrimal pump system, inflammation of 203
Lacrimal sac 203
Lactoferrin 154
Lamivudine 470
Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis 104
Large air-bone conduction gap 38
Laryngeal ala, widening of 358
Laryngeal cartilage, prominent 323
Laryngeal crepitus, elicitation of 406
Laryngeal sensation, loss of 334
Laryngeal structure, edema of 338
Laryngeal ventricular sign 445
Laryngofissure 355
Laryngopharyngectomy defect, total 460
Laryngopharynx 257
Laryngotracheal stenosis 212
Laryngotracheal trauma 351
Laryngo-tracheo-bronchial foreign bodies 433
anatomy of 321
boundaries of 321
development of 321f
endoscopic evaluation of 330
framework of 323
functions of 330
membranes of 324f
muscles of 326
neurogenic disorder of 330
parts of 322f
physiology of 321
premalignant lesions of 379
spaces of 325
Latissimus dorsi 459
Leishmaniasis 211
Lemierre's syndrome 402
Lempert's incision 58
Leopard syndrome 83
Leprosy, presentation of 211
Lesions
acquired 359f
inflammatory 275
low-grade 293
malignant 188
oral 471
precancerous 378
sinonasal 229
space occupying 236
Lethal granuloma, midline 214f
Leukocytes 154
Leukocytosis 450
Leukoderma 276
Leukotriene receptor antagonists 169
Levofloxacin 161
Lids, emphysema of 197
Light, cone of 122
Lincoln highway 399
Liquefaction necrosis 434
Liquid paraffin 214
Liver 224f
Lobectomy 427
Lobular fat 4
Lombard test 19
Lop ear 21
Lopinavir 470
Loratadine 168
Loud voice 344
Lower sphincter diseases 341
Luc's forceps 391
Luedde's scale 207
Lugol's iodine 380
Lumbar drain 200
Lumbar puncture 200
Lumen 374
Lund-Mackay scoring system 164t
Lupus erythematosus 279
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus 312
Lysozyme 154
M
Mac gene 378
Macrotia 21
Magauran's plate 267
Maggots’ infestation 214
Magill forceps 435
Magnetic stimulation test 78
Maguran plate 391f
Mahoney's modification 442
Malar hypoplasia 266f
hematological 278
incidence of 315
low-grade 315
oral 284
parotid 316f
simultaneous 398
sinonasal 224
supraglottic 339
Malignant ENT diseases, examination of 359
Mandibular erosion 284f
Mandibular nerve supplies 256
Mandibulotomy 288f
Manometric evaluation allows pressure measurement 262
Manometry 304
Mantoux test 341
Maraviroc 470
Marsupialization 347
Mast cell stabilizer 169
cells 45f
status of 439
exposure of 59
pneumatisation, degree of 439
process 126f
region 46
retractors 60f
types of 133
landmarks of 74f
primary goal of 58
Mastoiditis 44
Matrix metalloproteinase 52
Mattress suture 184
Maturation inhibitor 470
flap over anterior wall of 231f
lateral wall of 224f
palatine processes of 254
superior walls of 224
accessory ostium of 150f
drainage of 154f
ostium 231
identification of 231f
location of 245f
roof 232
T-staging for 224
tumors 232
Maximum stimulation test 77
McCaffrey's staging system 353
McCune Albright syndrome 216
Meatoplasty 61
Mechanical energy, conversion of 9
Mechanical ventilation 450
Medial canthal ligament injury 195
Medial orbital wall 208f
Medical therapy, short course of 262
Meissner's plexus 301
Melanoma 292
Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome 75
Membranes 324
Mendelsohn maneuver 262
Meningeal artery, middle 74
Mesodermal tissue derivatives 410
Messerklinger technique 230
Metaplasia theory 51
Metastasis, regional 224
Metastatic nodes 283
Methylene blue dye 409f
Metoprolol 230
Metronidazole 403
Microabscess 25
Microalligator forceps 133f
Microcalcification 428
Microcup forceps 133
Microdebrider, combination of 465
Microlaryngeal tube 365
Microtia 21
anatomy of 4
assessment 59
diseases 100
equalization of 15
exposure of 68f
infection 471
complications of 44
ossicles 12
secretions, drainage of 30
space division 5f
surrounding structures of 5t
Middle meatus 162f
Mikulicz cells 212
Mitochondrial mutation 83
Mladina classification 182f
Mobile stapes footplate 54f
Mobile vocal cords 380f
Modiolus hugging electrode 88
Moebius syndrome 75
Moffett's solution installation, modified 229
Mollison's self-retaining mastoid retractor 133f
Mollison's tonsil pillar retractor 391f
Mondini's deformity 116
Montgomery 355
Motor neuronal disorders 304
Moure's lateral rhinotomy incision 226
Mucinous gland 153
Mucociliary fluid 154
Mucociliary function 161
Mucolaryngocele 347f
Mucormycosis 211
Mucosal adhesion, chances of 352
Mucosal traction theory 51
Mucous membrane 278
Multifactorial disorder 159
Multiple discharging sinuses 212
Multiple endocrine neoplasm syndrome 428
Multiple irregular polyp 243
Multiple pale irregular surface polyps 220f
Mumps 312
bulky extraocular 443f
facial 464f
inferior constrictor 323
masticatory 398
neuromuscular activity of 260
relaxants 464
superior constrictor 401
tension dysphonia 331
thyroepiglottic 323
zygomaticus 73
Muscular propria 301
Muscular triangle 416
Musculoperiosteal tissue 59f
Myalgia 312
Mycotic infection 387f
Myeloma, multiple 440
Myelomeningocele 333
Myer's staging system 353
Myocarditis 450
Myoepithelial cells 314
Myofunctional therapy 238
Myo-mucosal flaps 456
Myopathies 331
Myringitis bullosa 105
Myxoid stoma 314
N
Nasal carcinoma, stages of 225f
Nasal cavity 139, 141, 142f, 146, 153, 160f, 161f, 171f, 172f, 173, 200f, 212, 214, 218, 224f, 226, 226f, 242, 247f, 254
anatomy of 146
anterior cartilaginous part of 211
irrigation 214
middle turbinate of 147f
narrowing of 173
pathologies of 181
posterior part of 218f
T-staging for 225
Nasal cycle 153
Nasal decongestants 475
Nasal drops 169f
Nasal floor 242
Nasal fractures 194
Nasal hair follicles 142
Nasal intubation 401
Nasal mass 159
Nasal mucosal injury 196
Nasal mucus layer 154
Nasal myiasis 214
Nasal reflexes 156
Nasal secretion, layers of 154f
anatomy of 181
blood supply of 143f
deviation, symptoms of 245
feature of 142
lymphatic drainage of 144f
nerve supply of 143f
septal spur deformity of 182f
thickening of 182f
Nasal vestibular stenosis 261
Nasal vestibule, neurofibroma of 142f
Nasal vibrissae, accidental trapping of 243
Nasofacial groove, loss of 76f
Nasofrontal angle 139
Nasolabial angle 139
Nasolacrimal duct, canalization of 203
Nasomental angle 139
Naso-orbito-ethmoid fracture 196
Nasopalatine duct cyst 276
Nasopharyngeal airway 401
Nasopharyngeal tonsil 265
Nasopharyngeal wall, lateral 256
Nasopharyngectomy, open 299
Natural killer 211
Navigation system 232
Near-field magnetic induction 84
Nebulization 365
Neck
abscesses, deep 261
anatomy of 397
anterior compartment of 321
anterior triangle of 411f
circumference 236
bilateral 386
complications of 419
extended 418
modified 418
examination of 406
layers of 397
inspection of 365
lesions, congenial 408
lump, acquired 410
malignant lesions of 411
congenial 409
differential diagnosis of 407t
examination of 406
inflammatory 407
palpation 406
spaces 398
sub-triangles of 416f
swelling 268
tissue, exposure of 384f
veins, engorged 423f
Negus artery forceps 392f
Negus knot slipper 392f
Neisseria gonorrhoeae 266
Neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet 462
Neoplasia, cutaneous 470
Neo-stapedotomy 67
Nephritis 312
Nerve
block 230
conduction test 76
excitability testing 77
fibers synapse 154
injury, peripheral 77f
parts of 79f
transection, complete 208
Nervous intermedius carries secretory fibers 72
Neural response telemetry 87
Neuralgia 420
Neurectomy, vestibular 115
Neurodegenerative disorders 154
Neurofibromatosis 83
Neuromuscular diseases 341
Neuronitis, vestibular 115
Neuro-otological test 124
Nevirapine 470
Nickel 378
Night sweats 412
Nitroglycerine 230
Nodal necrosis 412
Non-communicable diseases 488
Nonfenestrated tube 374
Noninflammable gas 463
Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor 470
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 267
Nose 242
anatomy of 139
benign lesions of 216
computed tomography scan of 443
congenital midline lesion of 220
examination of 241
granulomatous diseases of 211
lateral wall of 142
mucosa of 151
physiology of 153
standard filtering 373
wings of 139
Nucleic acid destabilizes 476
Nucleosides 470
Nucleus ambiguous, function of 331
Nutritional deficiencies 170
Nystatin 280
O
Objective audiological tests 83
Obliterative otosclerosis focus 67
Obturator in situ 371
Occupational noise exposure 90
Olfaction 156
Olfactory area anatomy 155f
Olfactory bulb 154
Olfactory cortex 154
Olfactory dysfunction 245
Olfactory mucosa 155
Olfactory pathway 155f
Olopatadine 475
Olsen stage 355
Omalizumab 169
Open surgery, steps of 375
Optic neuropathy 208
Optical coherent tomography 379
adenoid cystic carcinoma of 282f
benign lesions of 276
central muscular part of 254
development of 258f
malignancies 289
malignant lesions of 282
parts of 287
posterior 253
premalignant lesions of 275
tissues of 282
Oral hygiene 260
Oral mucosa, accidental burning of 243
Orbital apex syndrome 178
Orbital bones, erosion of 218
Orbital fat prolapse 230
Orbital floor, repair of 231
Orbital plate 223
Orbital roof, large fracture of 207
Orchitis 312
Organ donation, consent for 480
Organ failure 188
Oroantral fistula 233f
Ortner's syndrome 332
Oscillopsia 110
Osseotympanic method 12
Ossicular chain 52f
Ossicular fixation 66
Ossicular lever mechanism 8
Ossiculoplasty 107
Osteitis 51
Osteomyelitic maxillary bone 172f
acute 266
suppurative 50
inactive mucosal chronic 50f
mucosal chronic 38
squamous chronic 53t
treatment of 34
Otoconia 109
Otopalatodigital syndrome 83
Otorrhea, chronic 41
Otosclerotic focus, types of 65f
Ototoxic drugs 104
Overlay technique 40
Oxides, inflammatory 378
Oxygen delivery instrument 163
Oxygenation 365
Oxymetazoline 162
P
Paget's disease 66
Palatal defects 262
Palatal excision 390
Palatal palsy 297f
Palatoglossus receive motor innervation 255
Palliative radiotherapy, doses of 285
Pan-endoscopy, preoperative 284
Pan-mucosal radiation 412
Panorex oral radiology 398
Pansinusitis disease 161f
Paper patch myringoplasty 39
Papillary cystic pattern 96
Para-aortic tunnel, creation of 384f
Paracetamol 267
Parafollicular cells 428
Parainfluenza 159
malignant lesions of 223
Parasympathetic preganglionic secretomotor fibers 311
Parotid 309
opening 310f
orifice, dilatation of 466f
fascia 309
anatomy of 310f
swelling 311
malignant lesions of 463
tail lesion 314f
Parotidectomy, total 316
Parotitis 400
Pars propria 37
Partial atresia, repair of 202f
Partial nerve transection 208
Passavant's ridge 256
Pathological acidic pH 311
Patulous eustachian tube 34
Pendred's syndrome 83
Pericarditis 398
Perichondrium 40f
Peri-epiglottic structures 338
Perineural space 176
Periosteum 287
Peritonsillar tissue 270
Peritubal air column 355f
Peroneal vessels 459
Peroral flexible esophagoscope 301
Peroral surgeries 390
Pertussis 340
Petrositis 46
Petrotympanic fissure 93
Petrous bone 93
Pharyngeal artery, ascending 265
Pharyngeal congestion 268
Pharyngeal expansion 390
Pharyngoesophageal segment vibration 387
Pharyngotomy 262
Pharyngotonsillitis, management of 267
Phenylephrine 162
Phonosurgery 333
Phonotrauma 344
Photodynamic therapy 347
Phycomycosis 213f
Pigmentation, cutaneous 457f
amputation of 22
anomalies 22f
congenital malformations of 21
diseases of 21
injuries 22
lesions of 22
malformation of 103
parts of 4f
perichondritis 23f
right pseudocyst of 22f
vascular malformation of 23f
Planum sphenoidal 233
Platelet dysfunction 188
Pleural effusion 450
Pluripotent single-cell 314
Pneumatic dilatation 304
Pneumatic otoscopy 33
Pneumococcus 338
Politzer's test 31
Pollution, health hazards of 484
Polycyclic hydrocarbons 378
Polycythemia 236
Polymerase chain reaction 469
Polymyxin B 476
Polypoidal tissue 161f
Polysomnography 237
Polytrauma, parts of 194
Ponticulus 7f
Poor speech discrimination scores 66
Positron emission tomography 100
Posterior buccal mucosal lesion 289f
Posterior commissure, stenosis of 353
Posterior mucosal surface, lining epithelium of 255
Posterior stenosis, stages of 355
Posterior tonsillar pillar 270
Post-mastoidectomy cavity 231f
Postmaxillectomy 172f
Post-septal cellulitis 177
Posturography 115
Preauricular nodes receive lymphatics 254
Premalignant ENT diseases, examination 359
Pre-phonatory inspiratory phase 330
Presbycusis 106
Presbylaryngitis 335
Preseptal cellulitis 177f
Pre-tracheal fascia 371
Prick test 460
Primordial lymphatic sac, drainage of 410
Prisms 364
Prochilon 253
Proetz position 230f
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen 315
Promethazine 115
Promontory 7f
Propofol 229
Proptosis
bilateral 207f
direction of 207
duration of 207
management of 208b
nonaxial 207
unilateral 201
Prosthodontic evaluation 284
Protease inhibitors 470
Pseudobulbar palsy 331
Pseudo-cartilage 314
Pseudocyst 21
Pseudoephedrine 162
Pseudomembrane formation 268
Pseudomyxoma laryngitis 345
Pseudoproptosis 207
Ptosis 241
Puberphonia 335
Pulmonary edema, severity of 450
Pulse types 462
Pus, collection of 401
Pyramidal-shaped bony cartilaginous structure 139
Pyriform fossa, clinical significance of 257
R
Radical mastectomy, steps of 60
Radical neck dissection 418
Radioallergosorbent test 168
Radiological test 84
Radionuclide cisternography 200
Raltegravir 470
Random flaps, local 457
Rathke's pouch 296
Rectus muscles, medial 197
Regurgitation 302
Rehabilitation 486
Reinke's edema, bilateral 345f
Reissner's membrane 9
Remifentanil 229
Renal disease, end-stage 236
Renal function tests 268
Reservoir sign 199
Respiratory syncytial virus 339
Respiratory tract infection 439
Retrofacial cells 61
Retrognathia 236
Retromandibular vein 309
Rhinion 139
Rhinolalia clausa 266
Rhinolith formation 434
Rhinophyma 140
Rhinoscleroma 341
Rhinosporidium seeberi 212
Rhinostereometry 156
Rib fracture 351
Rifampicin 212
Rigor dysphagia 268
Rima glottis 322
Ritonavir 470
Rivinus notch 4
Road safety laws, proper enforcement of 194
Robotic endoscopic procedures 299
Rouviere's nodes 256
Rubella 83
Russell bodies 212
S
Sac, surgical removal of 53
Saccharide test 156
Saccule 109
Saline irrigation 434
Salivary flow test 77
Salivary gland
anatomy 309
development of 309f
diseases 309
inflammatory disorders 277
major 309
neoplasm 411
secretion 312
staging system of 316
tumor, minor 297f
Salt restriction 115
Saprophytic fungus 171f
Satellite ganglion block 173
Scanty foul-smelling serosanguineous ear discharge 41
Schatzki's ring 304
Schwartze sign 66
Scintigraphy 156
Scleroderma 301
Scleroma 353
Sclerosing cholangitis 279
Sclerosis, multiple 331
Sclerotherapy 410
Secretion, recirculation of 154
Secretomotor function 75
Segments mastoid bone 93
Seizure 200
Selective neck dissection 418
Semon's law 332
Sensitivity index test 14
Sensory cells, types of 7
Sensory function 75
Sensory hair cells 109
Septal surgery, anatomy of 181
Septic embolization 398
Sequestration, abnormal 410
Service delivery and referral system 486
Sesamoid cartilages 140
Short increment sensitivity index 14
Shrapnell's membrane 37
Sialadenosis 311
Sialogogues 313
Sialolithiasis 312
Sickle cell anemia 104
Sigmoid sinus 59
Silastic sheet, placement of 355f
Silver nitrate 39
Single gene disorders 83
Single smooth globular mass 243
Sinonasal mucosa, inflammation of 159
Sinus 21
drainage of 154f
ostium 232f
blockage 190
obstruction 201
surgery, complications of 233t
tenderness, assessment of 161f
thrombophlebitis, lateral 47
thrombosis, lateral 44
walls of 176
acute 178f
bilateral maxillary 162f
chronic 164
infective 164
major criteria for 160t
minor criteria for 160t
orbital complications of 177f
recurrent 164
Sistrunk operation 410
Sjogren syndrome 279
Skeletal hyperostosis, idiopathic 262f
Skeletal muscle fibers 301
Skin to-skin suturing 22
Sleep disorders, types of 237
Sleepiness 238
Slit incision, midline 375
Slurred speech 286
Smell, perception of 154
Sniffing sticks 155
Snoring 182
Soft cystic swelling 276
Solitary bone cysts 216
Sonotubometry 32
Soreness 280
Sound
emitting fire-crackers, bursting of 488
energy 8
reflects 15
frequency of 8
producing system 488
transmits 8
South pole-facing tube 266
Spatula test 247
Sphenoidotomy 231
Sphenopalatine ligation 190
Spinal accessory nerve 419f
Spirochete infection 268
Spray application, technique for 475
Squamous cell carcinoma 26f, 27, 94, 97, 104, 188, 282, 282f, 283, 306, 378, 386, 387, 412, 457f, 470
histological subtypes of 225
Stabilization 184
Stanford sleepiness scale 237
Stapedectomy 67
Stapedial artery, persistent 103
Stapedial otosclerosis 65
Stapedotomy 67
Staphylococcal infection 277
Startle reflex 83
Stellate pattern 154
Stenger tuning fork test 126
Stenosis 351
chronic acquired 353
correction of 374
dilatation of 354f
laser release of 355f
types of 355
Sternohyoid strap muscle flap 333
Sternothyroid 323
Stertor, etiology of 358
Stickler syndrome 83
Stomatitis 472
Stones, larger 313
Streptococcal pneumonia 44
pyogenes, strain of 410
Streptomycin 212
Styloglossus muscle originates 254
Stylomastoid foramen 73f
Subarachnoid space 200
Subepithelial venous plexus 176
Subglottic diseases 359
Subglottic vascular lesion 348f
Subiculum 7f
Subjective audiological test 83
Submaxillary space 400
Submental island 458
Sulcus 346
Sulfonamides 212
Sun exposure, chronic 278
Sunderland classification 77f
Sunderland grading system 75
Superficial muscular aponeurotic system 139
Superior cornu units 323
Superior labial artery, septal branch of 143
Superior laryngeal vessels 346
Superior middle turbinate 230
Superior orbital fissure syndrome 178
Super-supraglottic maneuver 262
Suppurative tonsillar infections 401
Supraglottic diseases 359
Supraglottic maneuver 262
Supraglottic sporidiosis 361f
Suprahyoid muscles, contraction of 323
Suprahyoid rubbery painless multiple nodes 412
Supralabyrinthine cells 61
Supranuclear palsy 331
Supraorbital cell 148
Suprasternal retraction 359f
Suprastomal granulation removal 374
Suprastomal ledge 352f
Supra-tip depression 241f
Supra-tracheal partial laryngectomies 383
Supratrochlear artery 458
Surgery 226
consent for 479
contraindications for 67
indications of 285
microlaryngeal 331
postoperative complications of 315
revision 200
sinonasal 462
steps of 183
transcanal 40f
Surgical resection, involvement of 286
Surgical trauma 261
Suture ligation 271
Swallowing
difficulty in 261
dynamic evaluation of 262
evaluation of 262
pharyngeal phase of 256
phases of 260f
static evaluation of 262
therapy 334
Swollen wax 106
Syncope 110
Synechiae 184
T
Tachypnea 400
T-cell 469
lymphoma 188
markers, positive staining for 213
mediated abnormal immunological response 279
Teal's test 126
Technetium scintigraphy 275
Tectorial membrane 8
Tegmen 7f
Telangiectasia, hereditary hemorrhagic 188
anatomy of 93
benign lesions of 94
dissection 73f
malignant lesions of 94
parts of 93f
region 26f
squamous part of 94f
surgery 454
tuberculosis of 400
Temporal fossa 399f
Temporofacial trunk supplies 73
Tenofovir 470
Teratoma 410
Terfenadine 168
Tetracyclines 212
Tetraiodothyronine 428
Thalassemia 469
Theophylline 238
Thiazides 115
Thoracic aorta 301
Thoracoacromial artery 458
Thrombocytopenia 188
Thudichum nasal speculum 247
Thymine, enhances frequency of 378
Thyroid
anaplastic carcinoma of 427f
cancer 428
inner cortex erosion of 382
function test 425
anatomy of 423f
blood supply of 423f
development of 422f
examination of 424f
isthmus 371f
lymphatic drainage of 423f
normal 409
TNM classification of 426t
hormones 428
physiology of 423f
inferior 301
isthmus 371
lamina, posterior part of 323
mass 426f
retrosternal extension of 426f
metastasis 428
neoplasm 411
papillary carcinoma of 407f
Thyroiditis 424
causes of 99
division of 99t
management of 99
masking 101
principles of 99
pulsatile 101
retraining therapy 101
secondary 100t
terminologies of 99t
TIRADS score 425t
Tissue
aspiration 411
glue application 201f
injury, peripheral 464
malignant 380
removal of 85f
trauma, deep 353
TNM staging 224
Tobey-Ayer test 47
Tocilizumab 163
Toluidine blue dye application 379
Tone decay test 14
Tongue 254
anatomy of 255f
anesthesia 390
bite test 247
carcinoma 293f
depressor 243
surface of 242
development of 258f
fibroma of dorsum of 276f
lesions of 285f
movement, restriction of 293
posterior third of 364
proliferative lesions of 287f
protrusion 409f
superior surface of 258
surface 254
tie 276
ulcerative lesions of 287f
ulcreoproliferative lesions of 287f
undersurface 254
vascular malformation of 410f
verrucous hyperplasia of 278f
Tonsilitis, anatomical basis of 265
Tonsillar 265
capsule 265
cyst 270f
carcinoma 292f
infection 401
region of 408
pillar 402
retractor 271
snare 391
inflammation of 267
parenchymatous 268f
chronic 269
caseous 270
clinical types of 268
complications of 268
diphtherial 268
fungal 269
hemorrhagic 270
membranous 268
Tonsilloliths, symptomatic 270
Topical hygroscopic dehydrating agents 23
Topodiagnostic tests 75
Torticollis 406
Total intravenous tubeless anesthesia 365
Toxoplasmosis 83
Toynbee's maneuver 31
anatomical abnormalities of 373
compression of 426f
development of 321f
displacement of 426f
foreign body of 445f
middle part of 363f
Tracheal dilator 371
Tracheal resection anastomosis 332
Tracheal rings 375
Tracheal stoma creation 384f
Tracheal T tube stents 355
Tracheoesophageal voice 387
complications of 374t
open 370
pediatric 372
permanent 368f
position for 371f
site for 372f
temporary 375
therapeutic 375
entry of 371
placement of 372f
Tranexamic acid 191
Transcervical drainage 402
Transducers, types of 85
Transnasal endoscopic procedures 299
Transnasal fiberoptic esophagoscopy 262
Transoral endoscopic ultrasonic surgery 294
Transoral laser microsurgery 383
Transoral ultrasonic surgery 466
Transtracheal cannulation 369f
chronic 278
iatrogenic 331
laryngeal 352
management of 194
mucosal 344
penetrating 332
principles of 194
septal 181
Traumatic perforation margin 122
Trautmann's triangle 59
Trichloroacetic acid 39
Trigeminal nerve 260
Tri-iodothyronine 428
Tripod position 338
Trismus 400
Trotter's triad 297
Tubal occlusion 32
Tubal tonsil 256
Tuberosity, maxillary 219f
Tullio phenomenon 116
blocks 298
congenial 358
depth of 291
extension of 218
glottis 379
histological type of 378
invades 382
mass 378
maxillary 223
metastasis 440
N staging for 284
nasal 226
neuroendocrine 412
oral 283
primary draining 306
radiological investigation for 284
radiorecurrent 380
radioresistant 292
reaching 287
sinonasal 226
staging of 262
subglottic 385
supraglottic 380f
thickness 283
vascularity reduces 218
Turbulence ventilates paranasal sinuses 153
anatomy 37
diseases 37
division of 38f
movement, evaluation of 131f
permeatal exposure of 58f
transcanal exposure of 68f
surgical techniques 40
Tympanosclerosis 65
U
Ulcerative gingivitis, acute necrotizing 277
Ultrasound, endoscopic 262
University of Pennsylvania smell identification test 155
Upper tracheal stenosis, balloon dilatation of 364f
Uric acid 311
Urinary calcium 213
Usher's syndrome 83
Utricle 109
V
Vagal paragangliomas 411
Valve-less venous connection 242
Vascular disorders 104
Vasodilators 115
Venography 442
Ventilator attachment, connector site for 374
Ventral cochlear nuclei 9
Ventricular ligament 324
acute 116
aggravating factors for 110t
anatomy of 109
central causes of 110
differential diagnosis of 114
physiology of 109
tests for 111
Vestibular nerve, superior 95
Vestibular-evoked myogenic potential 116
Vestibulocortical pathway 109
Vestibuloplasty 142
Vicriviroc 470
Videofluoroscopy 262
Videonystagmography 115
Vincristine 104
Viral tonsillitis leukocytosis 268
Virchow-Robin space, periarteriolar 46
Virtual endoscopy 352
Virus genome transcript 469
Visual electrical stapedius reflex 87
Visual evoked potential 208
Visual loss 47
Visual reinforcement audiometry 83
benign lesions of 344
free edge 385
intubation granuloma 346f
leukoplakia 379f
level of 363f
mobility, assessment of 364
paresis 331
plication 334
Vocalization technique, correction of 331
Voice 360
abuse 344
change 358
disorders, functional 341
fatigue 341
handicap index 330
impairment of 330
perception of 330
profile analysis 330
Volatile odorants 154
von Hippel-Lindau disease 96
von Troeltsch posterior pouch 52
von Willebrand disease 188
W
Waardenburg syndrome 83
Wagner hypothesis 332
Walsham forceps 195
Warthin's tumor 314
Warton's duct 309
Wavelength-specific double cuff endotracheal tube 462
Weber gland obstruction of 401
Wegener's disease 104
Western blot methods 469
Wharton's duct 400
White keratotic striae, bilateral 279
Whitish-grey color mass 265
Whooping cough 340
Wilde's incision 58
Wood's sign 269
Worsening illness 163
Wright-size speculum 130