Exam Preparatory Manual for Undergraduates: Forensic Medicine and Toxicology (Theory, Practical and MCQs) Dekal V
INDEX
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Page numbers followed by f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table
A
Abdomen scaphoid 161
Abduction fracture 147
Abortifacient 350, 389
drugs 262
Abortion 29, 261, 265, 266, 373
artificial 261
complication of 261
criminal 89, 261, 262, 264
evidences of 261
legal definition of 261
natural 261
recent 264
stick 262, 263
Abortionists
semiskilled 262
types of 262
Abrasion 165–168, 177
age of 167
antemortem 169, 169t
atypical 167
collar 227
healing of 167, 168t
medico-legal importance of 167, 168
postmortem 169, 169f, 169t
types of 166
Abrus precatorius 343, 360, 361f, 461f
Abscess 76
Absent testis syndrome 65
Absolute infertility 249
causes of 249
Absorption 339, 378, 382, 400
Accident register 439
Accidental ligature strangulation 144
Acconcher's hand 340
Acetic acid 320
Acetone 320
Acid 335
phosphatase test 84
Aconite 314, 321, 400, 401
root 402f, 463f
Aconitum ferox 401
Acrid 320
Acrodynia 350
Acrophobia 296
Acute arsenic poisoning 344, 345, 348t
treatment of 345
Acute phosphorus poisoning
mode of action of 354
symptoms of 354
Acute poisoning 314, 344, 345, 348, 352, 355, 381, 386
signs of 345
symptoms of 345
Acute starvation 160
death 161
signs of 160
symptoms of 160
Addiction 29, 387
Addison's disease 346
Adduction fracture 146, 147
Adenine 87
Adipocere 128
formation 106, 129
Adrenal insufficiency 369
Adrenaline 372
Adultery 254, 283
Affective disorder 297
Age estimation 68, 419, 422
Agonal artefacts 101
Agoraphobia 296
Agrochemicals, classification of 328fc
AIDS 76
Air
embolism 106
insufflations 263
mass movement of 203
Airway 379
Alcohol 110, 212, 321, 382, 386
concentration of 382t
influence of 442
intoxication 49
smell of 442, 443
Alcoholic beverages 382
Alcoholism 29, 298, 384
complications of 384
Aldicarb 331
Aldrich Mee's lines 346
Algor mortis 120
Alkalies 341
clinical features of 341
postmortem findings of 341
treatment of 341
use of 341
Alkaline phosphatase, reaction of 217
Alkaloids 377, 411
cadaveric 411
natural 378, 378t
Alkyl phosphates 327
Alleged crime, history of 446
Aluminium phosphide 320, 333
poisoning 333
Amanita
muscaria 412
phalloides 412
Amentia 298
American law institute test 304
Aminocarb 331
Ammonia, inhalation of 341
Ammonium hydroxide 341
Ammunition 223
Amniotic fluid
embolism 265
sac 255f
Amphetamine 394
Amygdalin 406
Amyl nitrite inhalation 407
Analgesic 378
Analytical toxicology 85, 312, 321
Anaphylactic reactions, early 371
Anaphylaxis 100
Anemia 113, 349
Anesthesia 207
administration of 207
Angina pain 400
Angioma 193
Aniline 122, 319
Animal hair 83, 83t
Animal origin 83, 432
Ankle joint 430, 430f
Anonymity 43
Anorexia 401
Anoxia 113
anemic 113
types of 113
Anoxic anoxia 113
Antemortem 84, 103, 217
abrasions 169, 169t
burns 216f
indicative of 217
signs of 217
injuries 201
ligature abrasion 139f
wounds 202, 202t
Anthropometry 67
Anticoagulant therapy 193
Antidote 316, 317, 385
administration 314, 316, 329
mechanism of action of 318t
Antiseptics 106
Antisnake venom 371
Antitussive 378
Antivenom
composition of 370
indications for 371
injection, dosage schedule of 371
reaction 371
management of 372
treatment, indications for 370
Anxiety 400, 407
neurosis 297
Aorta
coarctation of 65
rupture of 194
Aphrodisiac 389
Apnea test 110
Apomorphine 378
Aprocarb 331
Aqua fortis 337
Arcus senilis 77
Arrhythmias 402
Arsenic 320, 343, 344, 347, 348
effects of 346
environmental sulfide of 343, 344
ingestion, chronic 347
poisoning 346, 348
chronic 346
diagnosis of 347
medico-legal issues of 347
postmortem findings of 347
types of 344
Arsenicals, medicinal uses of 344
Arsine gas 344
inhalation of 344, 345
manifests 346
Artefacts 101
kind of 102
types of 101
Arterial spurting test 116
Arteries, rupture of 338f
Artificial abortion 261
Artificial insemination 247, 249
ethical and legal issues of 249
indications of 249
legal issues of 250
Artificial phalluses 285
Aryl phosphates 327
Asphyxia 113, 135, 138, 149
causes of 135
classical signs of 136
combined 138
form of 149
signs of 144, 146, 149, 401
traumatic 149
Asphyxial triad 136
Asphyxiants 314, 404
Aspiration 98, 101
pneumonitis 339f
Assault 44, 198
Asthmatic attacks 411
Atavism 250
Ataxia 353
Atheroma 115
localization of 115
Atomic absorption spectrometry 232
Atropine 318, 329
Attention 300
Attrition 70
Auditory hallucination 295
Auscultation 116
Auto-erotic asphyxia 150, 287
Autonomy 36
Autopsy 92, 93, 96, 102, 104–106
clinical 94, 94t
pathological 93, 94t
psychological 94
second 104
surgeon 155
types of 93
verbal 94
Avulsion 175
Axillary hair 68
B
Bacillus 411
Bacterial food poisoning 410
diagnosis of 411
Baldness 68
Ballistics 223
intermediate 223
terminal 223
Bansdola 149
Barberio's test 84
Barbiturates 110, 381, 386, 389, 394
addiction 387
automatism 386
blisters 386
classes of 386
groups of 386
poisoning 387
signs of 386
symptoms of 386
treatment of 386
Barium poisoning 356
Barotrauma
acoustic 204
pulmonary 106
Barr body 64
Barrel, cross-section of 224f
Basic skin incisions 97
Battered baby syndrome 273
Beating heart donor 112
Bed side test 340
Behavior 300, 443
Benzidine test 147
Benzodiazepines 381
Benzylisoquinoline group 377
Bestiality 284, 285
Biological trace evidences 85
Biomedical research 38
Birth
concealment of 259, 266
natural 250
Bite mark 71, 367f
Black foot disease 346
Black gun powder 226
Blackmailing 254
Bladder emptying time 132
Blade, dimension of 182
Blast
lung 204, 205
wave 203
wind 203
Bleeding disorders 368
Blindness, temporary 408
Blister formation 217
Blood 83, 132, 353, 379
alcohol concentration 442
clot 202
consistency of 202
microscopy of 202
collection of 194
discrasias 172
donor 42
extravasation of 147, 202
film 370
flow 99
groups 82
mercury level 351
stasis of 137
test 347
Blunt force injury 178
Body
condition of 128
cooling of 120
fat 161
floatation of 154
fluids 81
hair 451
internal examination of 131
mutilation of 155f
packer syndrome 380
part of 214
stuffing 380
surface, examination of 446
temperature 121
transaction of 175f
Bomb blast injuries 204
effects of 203
Bone
bundle of 102
cluster of 432
examination of 432
fracture of 103
marrow 132
Botulism 314, 410, 411
Box jellyfish 413
Boxers attitude 216
Brain 213, 321
abscess 138
compression of 113
concussion of 189
death certification, procedure of 111fc
fingerprinting 86
infarction of 138
mapping 86
stem 110
death 110, 112
functions 110, 116
tissues 97
tumor 193
waves 86
Brampton's cocktail 380
Breach loader 224
Breast 245, 256, 258
Breath 179, 442, 443
analysis 384
Breathing 379
Breathlessness 149
British anti lewisite 345
Broad ligature abrasion 139f
Broken tooth 70
Bromobenzyl cyanide 408
Bronchial tree, dissection of 154
Bronchioles
primary 98
secondary 98
Bronze diabetes 351
Brown atrophy 161
Brown sugar addiction 378
Bruise 146, 170, 172, 172f, 173, 173f
antemortem 174
artificial 171, 364
determine appearance of 172
false 172, 173
medico-legal importance of 171
postmortem 174
Brush burn 166, 167
Buccal coitus 284, 285
Buccal mucosa 64
Buggery 284
Bulbar paralysis 370
Bullet injury 187
Buprenorphine 378
Burking 148
Burning 227
pain 345
Burns 98, 213–215, 217, 219, 219t
antemortem 216f
classification of 214
epidermal 214
filigree 238
injury, age of 215
respiratory 219
surface 238
types of 214
Burnt rope 320
odor 391
Burtonian line 349
C
Cadaver, entomology of 130
Cadaveric
donation 110, 112
rigidity 123
spasm 124, 124t, 154
Caecum 204
Caffey's syndrome 273
Calcium
gluconate 332
oxalate 340
Calotropis 343, 360, 361, 361f, 463f
gigantea 361
procera 361
criminal use of 361
Camphor 320
Cancer 406
oral 400
Cannabis 320
abuse, chronic 391
indica 390, 390f, 462
preparations of 391
signs of 391
symptoms of 391
type 394
Cantharides 373
Capsicum 360
annum 343, 364
seed 364f, 390, 390t, 461f
Carbamates 331
Carbofuran 331
Carbolic acid 320
Poisoning
clinical features of 338
diagnosis of 338
properties of 338
treatment of 338
use of 338
Carbolism 339
Carboluria 339
Carbon dioxide 113
concentration of 406t
Carbon disulphide 320
Carbon monoxide 122, 314, 319, 404
Poisoning
mechanism of action of 404
signs of 404
symptoms of 404
treatment of 404
production of 404
Carbonic anhydrase enzyme systems 407
Carboxyhemoglobin 404
elevated levels of 217
Cardiac arrest 402
Cardiac tamponade 194
Cardiomyopathies 115
Cardiovascular system 115
Cartridge 224
brain of 226
Carunclunae
hymenalis 246
myrtiformis 246
Casper's dictum 127, 128
Castor 362
plant 362f, 460f
seeds 362f
Catamites 284
Cattle poison 350
Caustic soda 341
Cavity, abdominal 258f
Cells
flattening of 139
nucleus of 86
Cellular death 112
Cellular toxin 405
Central Forensic Science Laboratory 81
Cephalic index 62, 63, 63t
Cerbera
odollam 400
thevetia 400
Cerebera thevetia 403
Cerebral
anemia 138
concussion 100, 189
edema 405
liquefaction 138
poisons 376
softening 138
Cerebrospinal fluid 132
Cervical vertebra 103
fracture dislocation of 138
Cervix 66, 256
dilatation of 263
Charas 391
Charcoal 226
activated 314, 315
Cheiloscopy 74
Chelation
challenging test 351
therapy 351
Chemical 463
analysis 100, 101, 320
antidotes 318
asphyxiants 136
examination 84
injury 198
Chest, shape of 270, 451
Chilli seeds 390f, 462f
Chloral hydrate 381, 387
Chlorine 409
Chloroacetophenone 408
Chloropicrin 409
Chlorthion 327
Choking 225
effects of 225f
Cholera 348, 348t
Cholinergic excess 328
Cholinesterase activity, depression of 329
Chop wound 176, 177, 177f
Chromatography, column 323
Chromosomal sex, disorders of 65
Chromosomes 87
Chronic arsenic
ingestion 347
poisoning 346
Chronic cannabis abuse, complications of 391
Chronic poisoning 314, 330, 340, 344, 352, 353, 355, 387, 400, 406
symptoms of 406
Chvostek's sign 340
Ciguatera poisoning 412
Cincam 314
Cinderella syndrome 275
Circulation 379
stoppage of 116
Civil case 7, 254
Civil negligence 51
Claustrophobia 296
Clinical death 112
Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Act 18
Clostridium botulinum 411
Clothes, examination of 215, 446
Clotting disorders 368
CNS 115
effects 329
poisons 463
CO
detection of 406
poisoning
circumstances of 405
signs of 405t
symptoms of 405, 405t
properties of 404
Cobra 366f, 464f
snake, bite mark of 367f
Cocaine 380, 394
bugs 295, 380
desensitizes 380
Codeine 378
Cold 161
effects of 211
stiffening 124
Colic 349
Collapse 407
Colliquative putrefaction 124, 126
Colon 204
Coma 113, 191, 407
cocktail 314, 315
stage of 383
Common witness 13, 14
Commotio cerebri 189
Communication skills 37
Community health 26
Compartment syndrome 204
clinical features of 372
Complexion 204
Compos mentis 17
Compression fracture 146
Computed automated system 85
Computed axial tomography 106
Concealed sex 64
Conception, products of 99
Concussion 190
mercurialis 350
Conflict resolution techniques 37
Confusion 406, 407
Congeners 382
Congestion 137, 137f, 171, 172, 172t
Conjunctiva 409
Consciousness, period of 191
Consent 47, 302
types of 48
Constipation 349
Consumer Protection Act 54
Consumption 384
coagulopathy 366
Contact shot 229
Contracted pupil 77
Contre-coup injury 189
mechanism of 189
Contre-coup lesion 189
Contusion 165, 170, 170f, 171, 172
collar 227
color changes of 170
healing of 171t
internal 171f
true 172
types of 170
Convulsions 362, 407
Copper 352
acetoarsenite 344
arsenite 344
sulphate 352f, 464f
poisoning 352
Cornea 120
Coronary artery
bypass 207
dissection of 99
Coronary occlusion 115
Coroner's court 8, 8t
Coroner's inquest 7, 8
Corporate negligence 53
Corpus delicti 62
Corrosive 314
poisons 335
Coup injury 189, 190
Court 10
Cranial fossa, anterior 188f
Cranial nerve palsies 353
Creosote 320
Cribriform 244
Crime
bullet 231
scene of 74
Criminal abortion 89, 261, 262, 264
complications of 264
methods of 262
Criminal case 7, 49, 253
Criminal courts 10fc, 10t
Criminal Law Amendment Act 279
Criminal negligence 51
Criminal procedure code 7
Croton 360
tiglium 343, 363
Crowned tooth 70
Crush
injuries 194
syndrome 204
Culpable homicide 200
Curren's rule 304
Current, amount of 235
Custody, chain of 15
Cut
fracture 188
throat injury 179
wound 176, 177, 177f
Cutis anserina 153
CVS 353
Cyanide 122, 314, 318–320, 406, 407
cytochrome combination 407
forensic significance of 408
inhibits cytochrome oxidase 407
poisoning, treatment of 407
Cyanmethemoglobin 407
Cyanosis 136, 136f, 137
Cylindrical gun 225f
Cytochrome oxidase 407
Cytolytic toxins 366
Cytosine 87
D
Dactylography 73
Danbury's tremors 350
Dangerous weapon 199
Datura
plant 388, 388f, 461f
poisoning
circumstances of 389
signs of 389
symptoms of 389
treatment of 389
seed 364, 388f, 389, 390, 390f, 390t, 461f, 462f
Davidson's bodies 64
Dead body
preservation of 105
process decomposition of 124
reconstruction of 99
Dead born 268–270, 270t
Death 109, 160, 207, 235, 407
accidental forms of 149
anaphylactic 98
asphyxial 99
causes of 20, 101, 103, 128, 138, 143, 155, 161, 201, 214, 264, 345, 349, 437, 456
certificate 30, 455
delayed 138, 264
investigation of scene of 88
manner of 217
mechanism of 151, 152, 213, 236
mode of 113
moment of 119
natural 95, 100, 113, 114
nonspecific external sign of 153f
presumption of 115
remote causes of 264
stage of 112
sudden 114, 115, 273
types of 112
unnatural 95, 113
Decomposed body 66
Decomposition, color changes of 124
Decontamination 314, 315, 329
Deep burns 214
Deep contusion 170f, 174
Defense
injuries 177, 199
wound 182, 205, 205f
Defloration 245
Degenerative diseases 98
Delayed bruising 173
Deliriants 377, 388, 463
poisons 314
Delirium 294
tremens 298
Delivery 253
medico-legal aspects of 256
recent 256, 257
Delusions 294
types of 294
Dementia pugilistica 193
Demulcents 362
Dental examination 68
Dentin, second 70
Dentition 68
Deoxyribonucleic acid
fingerprinting, applications of 86
types of 87
typing 87
applications of 87
Depressant 377, 393
Depression, stage of 380
Depressive neurosis 298
Dermal
collagen 182
nitrate test 231
Dermatoglyphics 74
Dermo-epidermal burns 214, 216f
Detoxification, accelerated 318
Devil's helmet 401
Dextrose 315
Diacetyl morphine 378
Diaphragm
level of 272
position of 270, 451
Diarrhea 332, 345, 401, 410, 412
Diatoms 155
isolation of 155
medico-legal importance of 156
test 155
Diazepam 362
Diazinon 327
Dichotomy 30
Digital examination 447
Digitalis 314, 321, 401
purpurea 400, 401
Digitoxin 401
Digoxin 401
Dilated pupil 77, 331
Dildoes 285
Diphenyl chlorarsine 409
Diphenyl cyanarsine 409
Diphenylamine chlorarsine 409
Dipsomania 295
Direct violence 186
Discrimination 42
Disinfectant 320
Dissection methods 96
Distant shot 230
Distraction 299
District sessions court 9
Documentary evidence 16
Domestic violence 44
Dowry 45
assaults 45
death 8, 201
Drowning 98, 110, 151, 153, 154f, 155f, 156
place of 156
second 152
sign of 153, 154f
types of 151
Drowsiness 407
Drugs 393
addiction 392, 393, 393t
and Cosmetics Act 1945 313
dependence 298, 392, 393
dependence, types of 393
habituation 392, 393
Drunkenness 384, 442
certification of 442
Dry drowning 151, 152
Dry mouth 345
Dum dum bullet 230
Dura matter 190
Durham's rule 304
Dying declaration 17, 18, 18t
Dying deposition 18, 18t
Dynamic overpressure 203
Dysarthria 193
Dyspareunia 249
Dysphagia 332, 345
Dyspnea 400
E
Ear print 75
Ecchymosis 170
Ectopic
bruise 170, 172
contusion 172, 173f
Edema, acute pulmonary 409
Ejaculation, premature 247
Elapidae 365
Elastic fibers 182
Elbow joint 423, 423t, 424f, 425, 425f
Electric
current, kind of 235
injury 198, 235, 236f
Electricity 263
Electrocution 109, 235, 237
mode of 235
Electrolysis 77
Embalming 105
body after autopsy 105
fluid 105
method of 105
Embolism 115, 203
Embryo 66
Emesis 315
indications for 315
Emphysema aquosum 154
Employees State Insurance Act 56
Encephalopathy 349
hypoxic ischemic 138
Endocrine 112, 369
Endometrium 99
Endotoxin reactions 371
Entomo-toxicology 321
Entry wound 229, 229t
features of 227
general features of 227
Enzyme histochemistry 202
Epidural hemorrhage 190
clinical features of 191
features of 190
medico-legal importance of 191
salient features of 191
Epilepsy, effects of 299
Epileptic equilent 299
Epinephrine 372
Erotomaniacal delusion 294
Eruption, age of 419, 420
Erysipelas 76
Erythema 215
Erythroblastosis fetalis 269
Erythroderma 350
Esophagus 98
Ethanol 381, 382
effects of 383
poisoning 384
clinical features of 383
use of 382
usual fatal dose of 382
Ethical committee 40
Ethics
code of 24
historical emergence of 24
Ethyl iodoacetate 408
Eucalyptus 360
Eugenic 263
Euphoria 391
Euthanasia 26, 34
classification of 34
legal status of 34
various forms of 34
Evidence 15
speaks 52
types of 15
Exaltation, delusion of 294
Excitement, stage of 378, 383
Exhibitionism 278, 286
Exhumation 103, 104f
procedure of 103
Exhumed bodies 348
Exit wound 229, 229t
Exotoxins 410
Expert witness 13, 14
Extensive superficial burns 215f
Extraction 70, 377
Eye 120, 341, 443
after death 120
contact 337, 364
medico-legal importance of 77
Eyebrow 451
Eyelash 451
Eyelids, dissection of 173f
F
Facial
muscles, paralysis of 368
pallor 349
Fallen masonry 150
Fallopian tubes 66
Family courts 11
Fang marks 367
Fasciotomy, criteria for 372
Fatal injury 199
Feather test 116
Federal rule 305
Federation Dentaire Internationale System 420
Feeler strokes 206
Feet, gangrene of 346, 368f
Fellate 285
Fellator 285
Femur 432, 436f
condyles of 437f
Fertilization 253
Fetal heart sounds 254
Feticide 268
Fetishism 278, 286
Fetor hepaticus 355
Fetus compressus 255
Fever, infectious 113
Fibrillar necrosis 334
Fibroids 99
Filicide 268
Finger finger test 443
Finger nail 451
cyanosis of 136f
examination of 447
test 116
Finger-nose test 443
Fingerprints
removal of 74
types of 73, 74
Firearm 223, 224
choking of 225
general makeup of 224
injury 198, 350
range of 227, 229
mechanism of firing of 226
types of 223
wounds 166
Fireworks 354
First aid
aims of 369
methods 369
First information report 96
First-hand knowledge rule 13, 15
Fish and marine animals poisoning 412
Fitness, certificate of 453
Flash burn 237
Flexible rubber tube 317
Florence test 84
Fluid restriction 405
Foamy liver 127
Fodere's test 270
Folic acid 386
Folinic acid 386
Food allergy 411
Food poisoning 314, 410
causes of 410
Foot, sole of 236f
Foramen fracture 187
Forensic
ballistics 223
deoxyribonucleic acid typing 86
medicine 3
clinical 3
history of 4
scope of 3, 4
odontology 70
pathology 3
psychiatry 293
science laboratories 281
function of 81
toxicology 312
Formaldehyde 100, 381
Formic acid 340
Formication 295
Fossa navicularis 244, 245
Foul smelling gases, evolution of 125
Fowler solution 344
Fracture 165, 188, 194
ala signature 187
antemortem nature of 147
comminuted 187, 187f
depressed 186, 187f
diastatic 188, 188f
fissured 186, 186f
perforating 188
sutural 188, 188f
Fragmented red cells 370
Freezing 105
Fresh water drowning 151
pathophysiology of 152fc
Friction abrasions 167
Frigidity 248
causes of 248
Frostbite 213
Frotteurism 286
Fugue state 296
Full surrogacy 251
Fulminant poisoning 314, 345
Fumigating pesticide 333
G
Gagging 151
Gait 300
Gallbladder 161
Galton system 73
Gangrene 76, 346, 368f
Garroting 149
Gas
chromatography 324
stiffening 124
Gastric lavage 315, 316, 316t, 331, 355, 362, 402
Gastritis, hemorrhagic 361
Gastroenteritis 345
Gastrointestinal corrosion 332
Gel electrophoresis 87
Gelsemium 314, 377
Gene 87
General violence 262
Genetic polymorphism 87
Geneva declaration 25
Genital examination 449
external 447
Genital organs, female 243
Genital tract, female 99
Genitalia, external 66, 258
Genitourinary system 383
Gestation, period of 264
Gestational age 451
Gettler's test 155, 156
Giddiness 402
Gilroy test 231
Glans penis 280f
Glass jaw 355
Glassblowers tremors 350
Glory lily 360, 365
Glycosides thevetin 403
Gomorrah sin 285
Gonadal agenesis 65
Gonadal biopsy 64
Gonadal sex 65
disorders of 65
Goose skin 153
Gradual hydrolysis 128
Grandeur, delusion of 294
Gravel rash 166, 169f
Gravity 335
shifting contusion 172
Grazed abrasion 167, 169f
Grease collar 227
Grievous hurt 199
Guanine 87
Guard against therapeutic hazards 54
Guilty, verdict of 19
Gun powder 226
composition of 226
Gunshot residues, tests for 231
Gustafson's method 70
Gustatory hallucination 295
Gutter fracture 187
H
Habitual passive agent 284
Haemin crystal test 83
Hair 68, 82
analysis 351
examination of 82
follicles 75
graying of 68, 83
growth of 68t, 132
medico-legal importance of 82
medullary index of 83
microscopy of 353
Hallucination 295
types of 295
visual 295
Hallucinogens 393
Hallucinosis, alcoholic 298
Handling pressure, principles of 38
Hanging 137, 138, 145, 147, 464
atypical 138
ligature
abrasion of 139f, 140f, 145
mark of 145, 145f
partial 138
types of 137, 138
Hangover 383
Harrison test 231
Hasee's rule 68
Hashish 391
psychosis 391
Hasse rule 269
Hatter's shake 350
HCN
mechanism of action of 407
signs of 407
symptoms of 407
treatment of 407
Head injury 185, 191, 297, 297t
signs of 204
Headache 400, 402, 407
severe 409
Health, state of 161
Hearsay evidence 16
Heart 99, 237, 334, 347, 402
burn 345
contusion of 171f
disease, chronic 114, 400
dissection of 99
rupture of 194
wounds of 194
Heartbeat, irregular 400
Heat
collapse 212
cramps 211
effects of 211
exhaustion 211
hematomas 216
ruptures 216
stiffening 124
stroke 212
syncope 212
systemic effects of 211
test 116
Heavy metals 106, 343
chelating agents for 318
poisoning 321
Helmet cell 370
Helsinki declaration 37, 39
Hematemesis 332
Hematocrit 370
Hematoma 170
Hemiparesis 248
Hemochromogen crystal test 83
Hemoglobin 371, 404
concentration 370
Hemorrhage 97, 190, 191, 201, 202
abdominal 204
acute submucosal 213
chronic subdural 192
extradural 97, 190, 190f
intracerebral 190, 193, 193f
intracranial 115
intrapulmonary 205
intraventricular 237f
multiple sub-endocardial petechial 237
multiple sub-epicardial petechial 237
multiple sub-pleural petechial 237
petechial 136, 137, 137f
petechio-ecchymotic 339f
subarachnoid 190, 192, 192f
subdural 190, 191
sub-epicardial petechio-ecchymotic 99
sub-pleural 98
visible 101
Hemostatic abnormalities 371
Hemotoxic snake 464f
Hermaphroditism 65
Heroine, substitution therapy for 378
Hesitation cuts 206
Heterologous donation 112
Heterosexual intercourse 277
Hide and die syndrome 220
High court 9
High velocity guns 225
High-performance liquid chromatography 323
Hip joint 428, 428t, 429f, 430f
Hippocratic oath 24
modified version of 25
Histotoxic anoxia 114
Homicidal 217
cut throat injury 179, 180, 180t
impulse 295
injuries 199
poisoning 356
starvation 161
Homicide 44, 200, 402, 408
attempted 44
excusable 200
justifiable 200
Homologous donation 112
Honeycomb liver 124, 127
Hospital smell 320
Hostile witness 16
Hot climate 131
Human bite mark 71f
Human hair 83, 83t
Human organs, storage of 110
Humanitarian 263
Hydrargyrism 350
Hydrocarbons 381
Hydrochloric acid 338
Hydrocortisone 372
Hydrocution 151, 152
Hydrocyanic acid, sources of 406
Hydrogen
cyanide 406
sulfide 122, 319, 320
Hydrophobia 296
Hydrostatic test 269, 271
Hydroxocobalamine 407
Hymen 244, 259, 447
medico-legal importance of 246
rupture of 245
types of 244
Hyoid bone 103, 141, 146, 147
fracture 146, 147
types of 147
Hyperbaric oxygen 405
Hypertension 406
Hyperthermia 406
Hypnosis 86
Hypnotism, effects of 303
Hypocalcemia 340
Hypochondriacal delusion 294
Hypoglycemia leads 220
Hypogonadism, female 65
Hypostasis, postmortem 121
Hypotension 402, 407
Hypothermia 110, 112, 212, 213
pathophysiology of 212
phases of 212
Hypovolemia 207
Hypoxia 113
Hysterical neurosis 297
I
I incision 97
Icard's test 116
Ideal homicidal poison, characteristics of 313
Ideal suicidal poison, characteristics of 313
Idiocy 298
Illusion 295
Immersion syndrome 151, 152
Imperforate hymen 244
Impotence 247
causes of 248
Imprint abrasion 166, 167
Impulse 295
types of 295
In vitro fertilization 251
Incest 284
Incised wound 176, 178, 178f
features of 175, 176
healing of 177
Indian Contracts Act 47
Indian Evidence Act 7
Indian Legal System 6
Indian Medical Council Act 27
Indian Penal Code 6
Indian Status on Drugs and Poisons 313
Indirect violence 186
Inebriant 376, 381
Inert complex formation 318
Infanticide 268
Infection 138, 203
Infectious diseases 31
Infertility 249
absolute 249
Infidelity, delusion of 294
Inflammation 368
Influence, delusion of 294
Informed consent 48
ingredients of 48
Infusion, intravenous 371
Ingestion 335, 364
Injury 165, 175, 179, 198, 439, 440
accidental 199
antemortem 201
dangerous 199
evidence of 217
explosive 198
fabricated 199
legal
classification of 199
definition of 165, 198
mechanical 165, 198
medical
classification of 198
definition of 165
medico-legal
aspects of 198
classification of 199
nature of 76
postmortem 201
presence of 279
primary 194, 203
regional 185
second 194, 204
self-inflicted 199
simple 199
suicidal 199
tertiary 204
time of 441
types of 441
Ink remover 340
Inorganic arsenic compounds 343
Inorganic irritants 343
poisons 343
Inquest 7
medical examiner system of 7–9
superior type of 9
types of 7
Insane
criminal responsibility of 304
general paralysis of 298
restraint of 301
Insanity 297, 299
causes of 297
certification of 300
classification of 297
lucid interval of 297
observation of 300
true 301, 301t
Insecticide 333
Insomnia 400
Instantaneous rigor 124
Institutional Ethical Committees, functions of 40
Intense laryngeal spasm 336
Internal organs, dissection of 96, 96f
Intersex 64
classification of 65
Intestine 161, 379
Intoxication 383
stage of 383
Intracerebral hemorrhage 190, 193, 193f
causes of 193
Intracranial hemorrhage 115
types of 190, 191
Intranuclear inclusion bodies 64
Intraocular pressure 120
Intrauterine life 67
Intravenous push injection 371
Iris 75
Iron 351
poisoning 351
rod 440
Irresistible impulse test 304
Irritants 314, 343, 460, 463
J
Jatropha curcas 365
Jellyfish poisoning 412
Joule burn 236, 237
Judicial hanging 142
Judicial inquisition 302
Judicial magistrate courts 10
Juvenile justice courts 11
K
Kastle-Meyer test 83
Keloid formation 75f
Kennedy phenomenon 101, 231
Kerosene 320
poisoning 338f, 339f
Kevorkian sign 120
Kidney 98, 112, 347, 379
Klebsiella 203
Kleptomania 295
Klinefelter syndrome 65
Knee joint 430, 430t
Knockout drops 387
Korsakov's psychosis 298
Krogman's accuracy 66
Kunkel's test 406
L
Labia
majora 245, 256
minora 245, 256
Labor courts 11
Laceration 165, 174, 178, 178t
general features of 174
internal 194
medico-legal significance of 175
types of 175
Lachrymators 408
Lactational psychosis 299
Langer lines 182
Lanugo hair 451
Laparotomy, surgical incised wound scar of 75f
Laryngeal spasm, acute 152
Larynx
edema of 138
surface of 98
Laser beam 77
Latent tattoo marks 76
Law, medical aspects of 3
Lead 348
encephalopathy 349
lines 349
mechanism of action of 348
medico-legal significance of 349
osteopathy 349
palsy 349
ring 227
toxic compounds of 348
Leave
certificate 453
extension of 453
medical certificate for 453
Legal
classification 198, 199
duties 319
insanity 294
issues 259
responsibilities 283
Legitimacy 250
Lesbianism 284, 285
Leukocytic infiltration 217
Lie detector 85
Ligature 138
mark 139, 141, 143
material, fibers of 142
strangulation 142, 143, 143f, 144f, 147
symptoms of 143
test 116
Lightening 238
injuries 235
Lignocaine 401
Limbs 193
Lips, inner surface of 174f
Liquid paraffin 406
Litmus test 336
Live birth
medico-legal aspects of 271
signs of 269
Live born 271, 272, 272t
Live donation 112
Liver 98, 347, 379
Livor mortis 120, 121, 171
Locard's principle 81
Lochia 256, 257
alba 257
rubra 257
serosa 257
Loco parentis 50
Long acting barbiturates 386
Long bone 438
Loperamide 378
Low velocity firearm 466f
Lower limb, paralysis of 193
Luminous gastric contents 355
Lungs 98, 155, 212, 237, 265, 270, 332, 347, 409
cancer 400
congestion of 137f
cross section of 115f
dissection of 154f
edema of 138
parenchyma 338f
Lust murder 286
Lynching 141
M
Maceration 269
signs of 268
MacEwan's sign 383
Mad hatter 350
Magistrate
court 8, 8t, 10t
inquest 7, 8
Magnan's symptom 295, 380
Magnesium
serum 155
sulfate therapy 333
Magnus's test 116
Malingering 35, 364, 401
Malnutrition 160
Mandible 432, 435t, 436f
Maniac depressive psychosis 350
Mannitol 405
Marginal bruising 179
Marijuana 320
Marine fish 412
Marsh Berzelius test 346
Masked epilepsy 299
Masochism 278, 286
Mass
disasters 67
spectrometry 324
Masturbation 246
Maternity benefit 57
Mc Naughten's rule 304
McEwan's sign 383
Mechanical asphyxia 136
causes of 135
Mechanical violence 262
Meconium 451
Medical
degrees
recognition of 28
schedule of 28t
ethics 4, 24, 25
etiquette 24
jurisprudence 3
malpractice 50
negligence 15, 47, 52, 54
practice, corner stone of 48
register, maintenance of 28, 29
Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 18, 263
Medicine, legal aspects of practice of 3
Medico-legal autopsy 93, 94, 94t, 95
aims of 95
objectives of 95
Medullary index 67, 83
Memory 300
Meningeal artery, posterior 190
Meninges 97
Mental
condition 299
Health Act 18, 300
illness 293
retardation 298
subnormality 298
Mentally ill person 293, 300, 302
Meperidine 378
Mercuria lentis 351
Mercurial erythrism 350
Mercurialentis 77
Mercury 98, 350
poisoning 351
Mesmerism 303, 344, 378, 382, 385
Metal fume fever 353
Metal tooth 70
Metallic irritant poison 343, 352f, 464f
Metastasis 193
Methadone 378
Methanol, ethanol inhibits metabolism of 318
Methyl alcohol poisoning
postmortem findings of 385
signs of 385
symptoms of 385
treatment of 385
Methyl parathion 327
Methyl salicylates 320
Micturition syncope 384
Mineral acids 335
Mini packer syndrome 380
Miosis 328
Mirror test 116
Missing tooth 70
Mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid 87
Mixed dentition 69
Mole bean 362
Molecular death 112
Monetary damages 19
Monk's hood 400, 401, 402f, 463f
Montgomery's tubercles 258
Mood 300
Morphine 110, 142, 321, 378, 393
clinical symptoms of 378
mechanism of action of 378
medico-legal importance of 380
pharmacokinetics of 378
poisoning 379
Mothballs 320
Motor car collisions 193
Mugging 148
Mummification 106, 128, 129
Munchausen's syndrome 272, 273
Munich beer heart 384
Murder 200
Muscarinic symptoms 329
Muscles 102
primary flaccidity of 119
Muscular coordination, tests for 443
Muscular weakness 402
Mushroom poisoning 412
Mustard gas 408
Mutilated bodies 102
examination of 102
identification of 203
Mutilation 128, 155f
Mutilomania 295
Mutism 299
Muzzle loader 224
Myocarditis 334
Myolytic phospholipases A2 366
Mysophobia 296
N
Nails 346
Naloxone 315
Naphthalene 320
Napoleon bonaparte 347
Narcoanalysis 85
Narcosis 378
stage of 379
Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act 313
Nasal irritants 409
National Commission 55
National Human Rights Commission 43
National Medical Commission
Act 18
constitution of 27
functions of 27
Natural abortion 261
causes of 261
Natural sexual offences 277
Nausea 401, 412
Near drowning 152
Neck
blood less dissection of 98
compression of 135
dissection 140, 144f
muscles trachea 144f
Necrophagia 278, 287
Necrophilia 278, 287
Necrotic toxins 366
Negligence 47
suit, components of 51
Neriifolin 403
Nerium odorum 400, 402, 402f, 463f
Nerve gases 409
Nervous poisons 314, 321
Nervous system 413
Neurosis 296, 297
Neurotic symptoms 412
Neurotoxic
poisons 376
signs 371
snake 464f
Neurotoxins
postsynaptic 367
presynaptic 366
Neutron activation analysis 232
Nicotiana tabacum 400
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate 332
Nicotine 314, 400
replacement therapy 401
Nicotinic
effects 328
symptoms 329
Nihilistic delusion 294
Nipples 256
Nitric acid poisoning 337
Nitrobenzene 122, 319, 320
Nitrocellulose 226
Nitroglycerine 226
Nonpoisonous snakes 365
Nontoxic cyanocobalamin 407
Nonvenomous snakes 365, 365t
Noscapine 378
Nostrils, bruising of 272f
Novus actus interveniens 51
Nulliparous uterus 258
Nux vomica seeds 394f, 463f
Nyctophobia 296
Nymphomania 278, 287
O
Obsession 295
Obsessive compulsive neurosis 298
Ochronosis 340
Odor 320
Oleander 402
Poisoning
signs of 403
symptoms of 403
treatment of 403
types of 402
Olfactory hallucination 295
Open calvarium 97
Ophitoxaemia 367
Opiates 378, 378t, 393
Opioids 378, 378t
Opium 377
Oral consent 48
Oral feeds, use of 337
Organ, congestion of 136
Organic acids 335, 338
Organic arsenic compounds 343, 409
Organic irritants 343
poisons 360
Organochlorines 331
Organophosphates 318, 327
Organophosphorus 320
compounds poisoning 331
clinical features of 327
delayed symptoms of 330
diagnosis of 327
management of 327
mechanism of action of 327
Oropharyngeal ulceration 332
Ossification center 422, 452
Ovaries 66, 265
Oxalic acid poisoning, systemic effects of 340
Oxaluria 340
Oxygen 343
lack of 113
P
Pachymeningitis hemorrhagica interna 192
Pain, epigastric 387
Palatoprints 74
Palm rule 214
Palmer's notation 71
Palpitation 400
Panchanama 8
Pancreas 213
Papaver somniferum 377f, 462f
Papaverine 378
Paradentosis 70
Paradoxical respiration 370
Paraldehyde 381
Paralysis, respiratory 370, 379
Paraoxon 327
Paraphilias 277, 278
Paraplegia 248
Paraquat 332
lung 332
poisoning 332
Parathion 327
Paresthesias 406
Paternalism 54
Paultaf's hemorrhages 98
Pearson's regression formula 438
Peculiar scars 75
Pederasty 284
Pedophilia 278, 287
Pellets, dispersion of 225f
Pelvis 432, 434f, 435f
bone 434t
Penal erasure 32
Pentazocine 378
Pericardial fluid 99
Peripheral lymph edema 65
Peripheral poison 314, 376, 377
Peritoneum, bruising of 258f
Perjury 16
Permanent molar 420f
Permanent teeth 69, 69t, 71, 420
eruption of 420t
Persecution, delusion of 294
Personality disorders 298
Pesticides 314
classification of 328fc
Petechiae 170
Pethidine 378
Petrol 320
Pharmacokinetics 378
Phenanthrene group 377
Phenol 320
marasmus 340
Phenotypic sex, disorders of 65
Philippine cobras 367
Phobia 296
types of 296
Phobic neurosis 298
Phosgene 409
Phosphorus 122, 319, 320, 354, 355
poisoning 354, 355
use of 354
varieties of 354
Phossy jaw 355
Physical evidence, preservation of 90
Physostigmine 389
Phytotoxin 362
Piggy back bullet 230
Pilocarpine 389
Pin point pupil 328
Pink disease 350
Pistol 226f, 466f
Placenta, medico-legal importance of 265
Plants 343, 407, 463
irritants 360
penicillin 331
Plastic prints 74
Ploquet's test 270
Plumbism 349
Pneumococci 203
Pneumonia 113
POCSO Act 282
complaint mechanism of 283
salient features of 282
Poison 98, 122, 312, 314, 316, 321, 410
absorbed 316
action of 314
agricultural 327
anesthetic 321
cardiac 314, 321, 400, 460, 463, 463f
elimination 314
information centers 312
Poisoning 89, 314, 318, 319, 349
accidental 356, 402
acute 314, 344, 345, 348, 352, 355, 381, 386
chronic 314, 330, 340, 344, 352, 353, 355, 387, 400, 406
circumstances of 350, 373, 402, 403
clinical features of 360
general considerations of 311
mild 349
moderate 349
modes of actions of 314
severe 349
special circumstances of 321t
stage of 314
sub-acute 314
suicidal 356
symptoms of 410
types of 314
Poisonous snakes 365
families of 365
Police inquest 7, 8
procedure of 7
Polygraph 85
Polymerase chain reaction technique 87
Polyneuropathy 330
Pond fracture 187
Poppy
capsule 377f, 462f
seeds 377f, 462f
Poroscopy 74
Postepileptic confusional state 299
Posterior commissure 245, 256
Posterior pharyngeal wall, extravasation on 146f
Postmortem 84, 95, 103, 217
appearance 139, 143, 379, 386, 402, 405, 408
artefacts 102
blister formation 126f
caloricity 121
certificate 457–459
changes 119, 131
examination 19, 207, 269
procedure of 319
hanging 141
incised wound 178
lividity 121
purge 126
staining 121, 140, 171
suspension 141
Post-traumatic stress disorder 204
Potassium 152
chloride 122, 319
cyanide 406
hydroxide 341
nitrate 226
Pralidoxime 330
Preanesthetic medication 378
Precipitin test 83, 84
Pregnancy 253, 254
diagnosis of 255
effects of 299
medico-legal aspects of 253
period of 264
positive signs of 254
presumptive signs of 254
probable signs of 254
toxemia of 269
Premature labor 261
Pressure
abrasion 146f, 148f, 167
immobilization method 369
sores 169
Priapism 373
Procoagulant enzymes 366
Propranolol 401
Prostration 409
Proteus 203
Pseudocyesis 255
Pseudohermaphroditism 65, 66
female 66, 66f
male 66
Pseudomonas 203
Psychiatry and Mental Health Act, symptoms of 293
Psychomotor hallucination 295
Psychopath 296, 298
Psychopathic disorder 296
Psychosis 296–299
organic 297
Ptomaines 411
Ptosis 368
Pubic hair 68
Pugilistic attitude 215, 216
Pulmonary air embolism 203
Pulse rate 356
Punch drunk syndrome 193
Pupillary reflex 110
Pupils 120
Puppy's rule 186
Pure gonadal dysgenesis 65
Putrefaction, modified forms of 128
Pyrethrins 332
Pyrethroids 332
Pyrogenic reactions 371
Pyromania 295
Q
Quantitative desferrioxamine color test 351
Quaternary injuries 204
Quinine 400
R
Race 62, 63
Radiation injuries 198
Radioactive carbon 132
Radiological examination 68
Radiology, applications of 69
Railway
accidents 193
spine 193
Rain drop pigmentation 346
Rape 44, 84, 168, 278
certification of 447
evidence of 283
examination of alleged victim of 283
proforma of examination of alleged victim of 445
victim, medico-legal examination of 445
Rapid death 264
Rashes 411
Receptor site
blockade 318
competition 318
Rectum 347
Red cross emblem 33
Red velvety appearance 347
Reflux vagal inhibition 138
Registration certificate, display of 25
Rehabilitation 372
Renal failure, acute 204, 371
Replaced Indian Lunacy Act 300
Res ipsa loquitor 52
Respiration, stoppage of 116
Respiratory irritants 409
Respiratory system 115
Retina 75, 120
Retrograde amnesia 190
Ribs
line of 204
several 103
Ricinus communis 343, 360, 362, 362f, 460f
seeds 461f
Ricochet bullet 230
Rifled cartridge 225f, 466f
Rifled firearm 224, 227
injury 228
exit wound of 229
Rigor mortis 120, 123, 124, 124t
Ring fracture 187
Road traffic accident 101, 150, 166f, 174f
Robbery 364
Robert's sign 269
Romberg's sign 443
Root
resorption 70
transparency of 70
Rotten egg 320
Rule of nine 214, 214t
Russell's viper 369
S
Sacrum 435f
Sadism 278, 286
Salicylates poisoning 321
Salivary stains 140
Sample PM certificate 457–459
Saponification 128
Saturnism 349
Satyriasis 278, 287
Scab 166
Scalds 218, 219, 219t
injury
circumstances of 219
features of 218
general features of 218
Scalp
contusion 185f
hair 451
Scar 75
medico-legal importance of 75, 76
Scheele's green 344
Schizophrenia 297
Sciatic notch index 67
Scoptophilia 286
Scorching 227
Scorpions 372
Scratch abrasion 166, 167
Sea snakes 368
Sea water drowning 151, 154f
pathophysiology of 152fc
Selenium 320
Semecarpus 360
anacardium 343, 363, 363f, 462f
Seminal stains 84
Semi-somnolence 303
Septate 244
Septic inflammation 76
Septicemia 216f
Serum iron level 351
Sex
behavior 300
chromatin 64
determination of 67
differentiation 99
highly probable evidence of 64t
positive evidence of 64t
presumptive evidence of 63t
Sexual abuse, forms of 282
Sexual asphyxia 149, 150, 287
Sexual assault 282
forensic evidence kit 281
Sexual dysfunction 247
Sexual offences 83, 277, 279
certificates 445
examination of victim of 445
Sexual paraphilias 286
Sexual violence 279, 281
examine victims of 279
medical examination of 279
Shaken baby syndrome 274
Shallow water drowning 156
Sharp force injuries, types of 175
Shellfish poisoning 413
Shock 201
delayed 203
hypovolemic 201
lung 340
neurogenic 201
primary 201
second 203
septic 203
wave 205
Shotgun 224
barrel of 225f
caliber of 225, 226
cartridge 225f, 465f
choking of 225f, 466f
entry wound, features of 229
Shoulder joint, X-ray 423f
Sickness gas 409
Silver nitrate test 333
Skeletal muscle breakdown 368
Skeletonization 127
Skills 24
development of 37
Skin 102, 120, 341, 407
blisters 408
cherry red discoloration of 405
destruction of 166
examination of 447
inflammation of 332
irritation of 332
lesions 169
rash 353
role of 212
surface 167
Skull 432, 433f
crack fractures of 274
fractures 186
base of 188, 188f
mechanism of 185, 186
types of 186
superimposition of 77
sutures 432
closure of 436t
types of 63
Sleep 300
Small intestine 204
Smegma 449
Smokeless gun powder 226
Smoky stool syndrome 355
Smooth muscle 378
Smothering 147
Smudging 227
mode of 380
Snake
bite, management of 369
basic constituents of 366
Sodium
bicarbonate solution 408
carbonate 341
cyanide 406
hydroxide 341
hypochlorite 341
nitrite 407
nitroprusside 406
thiosulphate 407
Sodomy 168, 284
Soft tissues 102, 145, 146, 464
Solvent system 322, 382
Somatic death 112, 119
Somnambulism 303
Somniferous poison 462f
Somnolentia 303
Souvenir bullet 231
Spalding sign 269
Spark burn 237
Spasmodic pupil 402
Speech 300, 442
Speed ball 380
Spermatozoa 84
Spider's web 187
Spinal column 187, 193
Spinal cord, injury of 193
Spinal poisons 314, 376, 377, 394, 463f
Spleen 99, 347
Split laceration 175
Stab wound 179, 181f
features of 179
types of 179
Stabilization 314, 315
Stagnant anoxia 114
Stampede 150
Staphylococci 410
Starvation 160, 161
acute 160
chronic 160
factors modifying effects of 161
medico-legal aspects of 161
State Judicial Service 11
State Medical Council 28
constitution of 28
functions of 28, 29
Stature 67, 438
Stem cell
research, ethical issues of 42
research, legal issues of 42
Sterility 247
Sterilization 249
medico-legal issues of 249
Sternum 431
centers of 431t
Sternutators 409
Steroids 405
Stigma 42, 44
Still born 269, 270, 270t, 271, 272, 272t
Stockings fashion 140
Stomach 98, 161, 204, 333, 379, 412
empty 344
mucosa 336f
wash 316, 351, 373
procedure of 316
wet blotting paper appearance of 337
Strangulation 142, 145
horizontal ligature abrasion of 143f
ligature mark of 145t
Streptococci 203
Stress 38
management of 38
Stretch laceration 175
Strontium, serum 155
Strychnine 314, 321, 377, 394
Stupor, stage of 379
Subarachnoid hemorrhage 190, 192, 192f
causes of 192
Subcutaneous tissues 274f, 368f
Substance abuse 392
Suffocation 149
Sugar, fermentation of 382
Suicidal cut throat 179, 180
injury 180t
Suicidal impulse 295
Suicidal starvation 161
Suicide, attempted 44
Sulfur 226
Sulfuric acid 335
poisoning 336f
autopsy findings of 335
clinical features of 335
diagnosis of 335
management of 335
use of 336
Summons 11, 12
Sun stroke 212
Superfecundation 255
medico-legal aspects of 255
Superfetation 255
medico-legal aspects of 255
Superficial bruise 173
Superficial contusion 170, 170f
Supreme court 9
Surgical spirit 382
Surrogacy
partial 251
types of 251
Surrogate motherhood 251
indications for 251
Sweat glands 75
Syncope 113, 114
Synthetic derivatives 378t
Syphilis 76
Syringing 263
T
Tache noire sclerotica 120, 120f
Tachycardia 407
Tactile hallucination 295
Takayama test 83
Tandem bullet 230
Tattoo mark 76, 76f
complications of 76
removal of 76
Tattooing 227
Tear
gases 408
laceration 175
Teeth 419, 420
arrangement of 168
artificial 70
charting of 71, 420
eruption of 68
extractions of 70
Teichmann's test 83
Temporalis muscle 96
Temporary teeth 69, 69t, 71, 420
eruption of 419t
Test tube baby 251
Testamentary capacity 303
Tetrodon poisoning 412, 413
Thallium 320, 352
poisoning 352
triad 352, 353
Thanatology 109
Thebaine 378
Thermal injuries 198, 210, 211
classification of 211fc
Thermoregulation 212
mechanism of 210
Thevetoxin 403
Thiamine 315
Thigh, crush laceration of 174f
Thin layer chromatography 321
applications of 322
disadvantages of 322
filter paper 322
mobile phase 322
plates 322
Thiosulfate 318
Thoracic cage, movement of 149
Thorn apple 388f, 461f
Thrombosis 115f
Thrombus 115
Throttling 142, 145, 146f
Thymine 87
Tiger skin 167
Time since death 95, 103, 130, 438
Tissues
bridging of 174
liquefaction of 126
Tobacco 400
Toe nails 451
Tongue 299
Total deprivation water and food 160
Total iron binding capacity 351
Toxalbumin 362
Toxemia 269
Toxic
alkaloids act 412
dust 204
effect bypass 318
parts 365
principles 365
Toxicity 332, 344
chronic 346
mild 409
Toxicokinetics 327
Toxicological analysis 379
Toxicology 312
clinical 312
history of 312
types of 312
Toxin 411
type 410
Toxinology 312
Trace evidence 81, 82
Trachea, surface of 98
Tramadol 378
Transplantation of Human Organs Act 110
Transportation injuries 194
types of 194
Transvestism 278, 286
Traumatic brain injury 204
Tremors 400
Trench foot 213
Troilism 286
Trousseau's sign 340
Truth serum 86, 387
Tuberculosis, chronic pulmonary 115f
Turner's syndrome 65
Tympanic membrane 204
U
Ulcer, decubitus 169
Ulceration 246
Ultrasonography 254
Umbilical cord 452
Unicellular algae 155
Universal antidote 317, 318
Universal flexion 216
Unnatural sexual offences 278, 284
Upper limb, paralysis of 193
Uremia 100
Urinary bladder 132
Urine 379
analysis 384
Urticaria 411
Uterine cavity, dissection of 257
Uterus 99, 265
inner surface of 257f, 258f
multiparous 258
rupture of 258f
V
Vagal inhibition 100, 113, 114, 143
types of 114
Vagina 245, 256, 259, 265
Vaginal cells 449
Vaginal wall, bruising of 257f
Vaginismus 248
Veins, marbling of 125f
Venomous fish 413
Venomous snake 365, 365t, 366
bite
signs of 367
symptoms of 367
Venous congestion 138
Venous pressure 194
Ventricular fibrillation 152
Vertigo 407
Vestibule 245
Vestibulo-ocular reflex 110
Violent asphyxial death 135, 145
Viper 365, 366f, 464f
snake bite 361, 368f
Virgin, false 246
Virginity 243–245
medico-legal importance of 246
principal signs of 244
Virgo intacta 244
Viscera 321
Visceral organs, abdominal 185
Visual disturbances 385
Vitreous humor 132
Vitriolage 337
Volatile poisons 321
Vomiting 401, 409, 410, 412
Voyeurism 278, 286
W
War gases 408
medico-legal significance of 409
Warfarin 193
Warm anoxic time 112
Washerwoman's hand 153, 153f
Washing soda 341
Weakness 406
Weapons 464
wooden club 440
Wernicke's encephalopathy 298
Wet drowning 151, 152
Wheezing 400
Whiplash injury 193
White blood cell count 370
Widmark's formula 384
Willis circle 97
Winslow's test 116
Withdrawal symptoms 393, 394, 401
Witnesses 13
types of 13
Workmen Compensation Act 56
Wound 165, 179, 198, 201
antemortem 202, 202t
ballistics 223
biochemistry 202
certificate 439, 440, 441t
edges 202
fabricated 182, 206
fictitious 206
invented 206
multiple
cut 205f
incised 176f
stab 181f
penetrating 179
postmortem 202, 202t
self-inflicted 206
tailing of 176, 176f
Wrist joint 426, 426f, 426t, 427f, 428f
X
Xanthoprotein reaction 337
Xerostomia 345
Y
Y incision 97
modified 97
Yeast 382
Yellow oleander 400
Yoga 110
Z
Zahn lines 202
Zenanas 284
Zinc
metalloproteinases 366
phosphide 320, 334
Zygomatic arch 433f
×
Chapter Notes

Save Clear