Short Textbook of Anesthesia Ajay Yadav
INDEX
Page numbers followed by f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table.
A
Abdominal obesity 152
Abdominal organs trauma 276
Accidental dural puncture 196, 259
Acetaminophen 300
Acetylcholine 136, 146
receptor 137, 137f
Acid glycoprotein 171
Acid-base
abnormalities 88, 148, 323, 324fc
balance 74
disturbances 323, 326t
management 317, 323
status 316
Acidosis 8, 244
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 88, 240, 240
Acromegaly 235
Acupuncture 301
Acute respiratory distress syndrome 289, 305
causes of 321
diagnosis of 321
management of 321
Acute respiratory failure 305
Adenotonsillectomy, anesthesia for 282
Adjuvant therapies 302
Adrenal dysfunctions 234
Adrenalectomy glucocorticoids infusion 234
Adrenaline 103, 176, 317, 340, 341
endotracheal concentration of 338
injection of 341t
intracardiac 340
Adrenergic agonists 133
Adrenocortical suppression 124
Adrenocorticotrophic hormone 130
Adult respiratory distress syndrome 321
Advanced cardiac life support protocol 206, 338
Advanced cardiovascular life support 329, 329t
Advanced life support 329
Agents, individual 173
Agitation 157
Air 118
cylinder 16
embolism 319, 339
Airway 34, 261, 284, 332
anatomy of 3
assessment 53
block 181
edema 290
equipment for difficult 285
evaluation of 271
insertion 331
management of 250
peripharyngeal 40, 40f
reflexes 103
without advanced 333
Airway management 272, 329
devices, definitive 40
equipment for 34
Airway obstruction 331
management of 331
Airway pressure 73
release ventilation 309
Airway resistance 6
increased 155
Albumin 80, 81
Alcuronium 142, 144, 148
Aldrete recovery score 164
Alfentanil 128, 131
Alkalosis 8, 225
Allen's test, modified 65
Allergic reactions 87, 173
Allodynia 302
Alpha 2 agonists 119
Alpha blockers 302
Altered muscle relaxant responses 145t
Alveolar capillary membrane 7
Alveolar concentration 101
Alveolar dead space 7
Alveolar epithelium 5
Alvimopan 129, 133
Alzheimer's disease 220
Ambu bag 35f
components of 35f
resuscitator 35
Ambulatory surgery 293
Amethocaine 169, 174
Amides 174, 177
Amino acid 318
Aminoamides 169
Aminoesters 169
Aminoglycosides 56
Amiodarone 342
injection 335
Amnesia 97, 105, 119
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 221
Analgesia 97, 104, 119, 130
pre-emptive 300
refrigeration 177
Anaphylactoid reactions 161
Anaphylaxis 139, 341
Anatomical dead space 7, 42
Anemia 69, 227, 243, 319
correction of 243
Anemic hypoxia 322
Anesthesia 7, 93f, 206, 221, 232, 236, 272, 278, 291, 292
advantages in 127
ambulatory 293
balanced 97
bariatric 271
care
monitored 291, 294
unit 294
delivery systems 15
safety features of 32
dolorosa 302
equipment, sterilization of 50
gases used in 115
history of 93
infiltration 176
intravenous 292, 294
regional 176
low flow 27
monitoring of 64, 77
neurosurgical 247
outside operating theater 291
pediatric 261
physics related to 11
regional 216, 245, 246, 265, 269, 272, 276, 290, 291, 294
remote locations 291
stages of 98, 98t
surface 176
topical 279
tumescent 177
uses in 127, 128
ventilators 23
work station 18f
Anesthesia machine 17, 23f
and circuits 15
checking of 30
parts of 23
yoke of 19f, 19t
Anesthetic agents
different 100t
effect of 77, 248
Anesthetic circuitry 102
Anesthetic drugs 220, 256
transfer of 356
Anesthetic pharmacokinetics 120, 126
Anesthetic properties 120, 126, 135t
Anesthetic technique, effect of 256
Angiotensin converting enzyme 55
Anion gap 325
decreased 325
increased 325
normal 325
Ankle block 181
Ankylosing spondylitis 239
Ankylosis
false 60
true 60
Antagonist
peripheral 129, 133
pure 129
Antagonize neuromuscular blockade 146
Antanalgesic 345
action 120
Anterior spinal artery syndrome 193
Antibiotics 56
Antibody screening 85
Anticholinergics 280
Anticholinesterases 55, 146
Anticipate difficult intubation 61, 258
Antidepressant 55
Antiplatelet 205
Antiretroviral therapy, side effects of highly active 240
Antistatic rubber tyres 32
Antithrombin levels 245
Anti-thyroid property 121
Anxiety 56, 156, 190
Aorta, coarctation of 199, 210, 265
Aortic regurgitation 208, 239
Aortic stenosis 199, 208
Apical bronchus 4f
Apical upper lobe bronchus 4f
Apnea 190
double 120
incidence of 123
prolonged 140
technique 282
transient 120
Appendices 345
Aprepitant 159
Arachnoiditis 193
Arixtra 54
Arrhythmia 206, 319
management of 333
minor 66
Arteria radicularis magna 184
Arterial cannulation 65, 239
complications of 65
uses of 65
Arterial puncture 66
Arterial sample 323
Ascites 224
Aspiration, treatment of 153
Aspirin 55, 205
Asthma 71f, 216, 305
Asystole 336
Atlantoaxial instability 239
Atlanto-occipital joint 40, 41f
Atracurium 142, 143, 148, 228, 233, 264, 228, 286
Atrial septal defect 209, 265
Atrioventricular block 278
Atropine 280, 336, 340
Audiovisual feedback devices 333
Autologous blood transfusion 89
advantage of 89
contraindications of 90
Autologous epidural blood patch 192
Automated cardiopulmonary resuscitation device 336, 337f
Automated noninvasive blood pressure 64
Automatic external defibrillator 329
Autonomic dysfunction 221
Avogadro number 11
Awake craniotomies, anesthesia for 252
Axillary approach 180
Ayre's T piece 27
B
Backache 194
chronic 199
Baclofen 148
Bacteremia 199
Bacteria, translocation of 317
Bacterial infections 88
Bag and mask 332
rescue breathing by 329
ventilation, contraindication of 345
Bain circuit 26, 26f
advantages of 26
flow in 26f
Bainbridge reflex 185
Balance anesthesia, components of 97
Balanced salt solutions 80
Barbiturates 119, 248, 306
Baricity 188
Baroreceptor reflex 103
Barotrauma, increased chances of 310
Barylime 28, 29, 111
reaction of 29
Basal bronchus 4f
Basic life support 329, 329t, 330fc
Baska 40f
Beer-Lambert law, principle of 68
Benzocaine 169, 174, 176
lozenges 176
Benzodiazepine 57, 97, 119, 124, 125t, 135, 157, 293, 306
antagonist 125
mediate 124
Benzylisoquinolone compounds 142, 143
Berger's disease 302
Berlin, part of 321
Best motor response 250
Best verbal response 250
Beta-blockers 199, 205
Bier's block 176, 180, 181
Bilevel positive airway pressure 273, 310
Biliary obstruction 148
anesthesia for 226
Biliary tract 130
Biphasic respiratory depression 129
Bispectral index monitor 77, 78f, 294
Blade laryngoscope, straight 261
Block, signs of 303
Blood 74, 263
artificial 89
component therapy 86
from pulmonary, shifting of 129
products 85
reinfusion 90
salvage 90
storage of 85
transfusion 80, 84
complications of 87
volume 207
Blood gas
analysis 11, 73
basis of 306
normal 323
partition 101, 101t
sample 323
values 73
Blood group 85
determining 85
Blood loss 243
during surgery 291
greater 84
monitoring 79
Blood pressure 64, 262, 314, 315
continuous 249, 285
diastolic 333
maintain normal 208
systolic 67, 284, 338
target 316
Bloody tap 190
Blunt trauma, penetrating 339
Body mass index 271
Body plethysmograph 10
Body temperature 6
Body water 262
Bohr effect 8
Boyle's basic 18f
Boyle's law 11
Boyle's major anesthesia machine 18f
Brachial plexus
block 179, 180f, 301, 303
injury 162
Bradycardia 129, 185, 190, 226, 232, 262, 278
avoid 207, 208
severe 190
Brain
damage, permanent 158
death 341
mask 37
Brainstem
auditory evoked response 77
injury to 252
Breath
detect spontaneous 312
ventilatory 326
Breath-holding time 10, 53
Breathing 25, 329, 331, 332
bags 26f
capacity, maximum 10
circuit 22, 24
index, rapid shallow 313
ratio of compression to 338
system 32
Bromide 108
Bronchial intubation 71
Bronchial lumen 44
Bronchial muscles 103
Bronchial rupture 44
Bronchial tree 4, 4f
Bronchitis, chronic 217
Bronchoconstrictors 7
Bronchodilators 7, 320, 322
Bronchopleural fistula 309
Bronchopulmonary segments 5
Bronchoscopies 37, 309
anesthesia for 282
Bronchospasm 71, 154, 155
Bronchus
anterior segment 4f
apical segment 4f
inferior 4f
lateral 4f
left 4f, 5, 5t
medial segment 4f
posterior segment 4f
right 4f, 5, 5t
superior 4f
Brucellosis 88
Bubble oxygenators 48
Bullard laryngoscope 36f
Bupivacaine 175, 177, 187, 195, 300
Buprenorphine 128, 129, 132, 169
Burning pain down, severe 121
Burns 84
anesthesia for 284, 286
Burst stimulation, double 76
Butorphanol 128, 132
patch 302
C
Cadaveric position 4
Calcium 82, 340
hydroxide lime 29
Cancer pain 302
treatment for 302
Capillary permeability pulmonary edema 321
Capnography 44, 70, 249, 275, 289, 333
encountered, waveforms of 71
normal waveform of 70f
uses of 70
Capnothorax 274
Carbicarb 325
Carbon dioxide 7, 8, 70, 118, 274
absorbents 27
Carbon monoxide 322
poisoning 8, 117, 155, 322
Carboxyhaemoglobinemia 69
Cardiac arrest 157, 190, 290, 333
rhythms in 328
Cardiac arrhythmias 155, 274
Cardiac disease, severe 109
Cardiac evaluation 252
Cardiac failure 84
Cardiac implanted electronic devices 211
Cardiac index 315
Cardiac injury 319
Cardiac massage 332f
circulation by 329
physiological considerations of 332
Cardiac oscillations 71, 72f
Cardiac output 101, 103, 315
calculating 67
decreased 274, 310
effective 333
lesions, severe fixed 199
Cardiac perforation 66
Cardiac pump theory 332
Cardiac tamponade 66, 211, 319, 339
Cardiac transplant patients 211
Cardiogenic edema, treatment of 320
Cardiogenic shock poor pump function 315
Cardiomyopathy 211
Cardioprotection 103, 107
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 328, 336, 342t
complications of 339
drugs for 341
fluid during 340
guidelines 336
management of 328
monitoring of 333
Cardiovascular complications 155
Cardiovascular diseases, anesthesia for 205
Cardiovascular monitoring 64
Cardiovascular stable 124
Cardiovascular system 74, 103, 105, 107111, 120, 123, 125, 129, 132, 139, 164, 172, 185, 255, 262, 268, 274
Carotid endarterectomy 181
Carotid pulse, palpation of 335
Cataleptic state 126
Catecholamines 234
level of 56
Catheter insertion, during 319
Cauda equina syndrome 193
Caudal block 197
Causalgia 302
Causative agents 160
Celiac plexus block 304
Cement implantation syndrome 289
Central catheter 275
Central nervous system 103, 107, 108, 120, 132, 139, 172, 263, 268, 274, 314
diseases, anesthesia for 220
disorders 199
diversion of blood to 172
monitoring 76
Central neuraxial blocks 176, 183, 235, 239, 245, 256
advantages of 185
contraindications for 197
systemic effects of 185
Central respiratory centers 6
Central supply pipelines, color coding for 17f
Central venous pressure 206, 233, 249, 315
monitoring 65
technique of 66
Centrilobular necrosis 108
Cerebral aneurysms, surgery for 252
Cerebral blood flow 113, 130, 134, 247
monitors 78
Cerebral edema 84
respectively 289
Cerebral effects 116
Cerebral functions, absent 341
Cerebral ischemia 77, 247
Cerebral metabolic rate 130, 247
Cerebral oxygen consumption 130, 134
Cerebral perfusion pressure 249
Cerebral pharmacology 247
Cerebral physiology 247
Cerebral protection 120, 340
Cerebral resuscitation 328, 342t
management of 328
Cerebrospinal fluid 184
drainage 248
pressure, increased 189
production of 247
Cerebrovascular accidents 250
Cerebrovascular diseases 268
Cervical
injury, neck manipulation in 62
plexus block 181
vertebrae fusion 59
Cervical spine 332
flexion at 40, 41f
fusion of 239
injury 63fc
airway management for 62
Cesarean section 339
anesthesia for 257
Channel blockade 141
Charle's law 11
Chassaignac tubercle 303
Chemical structure, based on 169
Chemoreceptors, peripheral 6
Chest
compression devices 336
deformities 339
discomfort 289
injury 284
movements
abnormalities of 8
detection of 72
physiotherapy, regular 320
thrust 331
tube 285
drainage 275
wall compliance 11
Child-Pugh classification 224t
Chin lift 331f
Chloride 82, 108
Chlormezanone 148
Chloroform 93, 99, 113
Chloroprocaine 169, 173, 174, 177, 187
Chlorzoxazone 148
Choline acetyltransferase 136
Cholinesterase 140
inhibitors 58, 140
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 71, 185, 217, 305, 322
management of 322
Chronic pain 301
management 301
incidence of 301
Chylothorax 66
Ciliary activity 5, 314
effect on 103
Cinchocaine 176
Circle system, components of 27, 29f
Circulatory failure 325
Cisatracurium 142, 148
Cis-atracurium 144, 228, 286
Claustrophobia 312
Clopidogrel 55
Clotting factors 86
C-mac laryngoscope 37f
Coagulation 173
abnormalities 88
and platelet, maintain 316
deficiency disorders 245
disorders of 245
Coagulopathy 227
Cocaine 169, 173, 176, 177
Codeine 128
Cognitive dysfunction, postoperative 158, 268, 270
Cold bath humidifiers 49f
Collapsed lung, sudden expansion of 320
Colloid 80, 81, 228
solutions 80t
Color code 22
Color indicator 28
Combined spinal epidural anesthesia 197, 259
Combitube 40, 40f, 332
Communication, role of 57
Compatibility tests 85, 85t
Complex regional pain syndrome 302, 303
Congestive cardiac failure 66
Conjunctival congestion 303
Consciousness 164
Constrictive pericarditis 66, 199, 211
Continuous infusion 231
Continuous positive airway pressure 153, 272, 306, 310, 311f
Convulsions 130, 157
Co-oximeters 69
Core temperature monitoring sites 74
Coronary artery disease 271
Coronary insufficiencies 276
Corrugator supercilli 75
Corticosteroids 58, 239
Cortisol synthesis 130
Cough 155
cardiopulmonary resuscitation 336
Cranial nerve palsies 158, 192
Crash cart 346, 346f
Creams, topical 58
Cricoid, level of 261
Cricothyroidotomy 62, 331
Cricothyrotomy 46
Critical volume hypothesis 99
Cryoanalgesia 301
Cryoprecipitate 87
Cryosurgeries 118
Crystalloids 80, 80t, 82, 317
Cuff 42
endotracheal tube 41f, 338
plastic tubes 45
size, inappropriate 64
tubes, using 261
Cushing's syndrome 234
Cyanide poisoning 155, 325
Cyanosis 152
Cyanotic heart diseases 209
Cyclopropane 99, 113, 163
Cylinder 15
valves 16, 19f
D
Daycare patients, anesthesia for 294
Day-care surgery 111
anesthesia for 293
muscle relaxants for 294
Dead space 7, 30, 42
Decamethonium 138
Deep vein thrombosis 289, 314
incidence of 289
prevention of 155
Defibrillation 329, 333, 335
paddles, position of 333
Deflation 288
Dehydration 244
Delirium 157
postoperative 269
Denitrogenation 97
Dental injury 37
Dentures, artificial 57
Depolarizing agents 138
Depolarizing block 138, 138t
Depot formulations 170
Depression 222
treatment of 127
Desensitization 141
Desflurane 22f, 99, 100, 104, 110, 113, 155, 228, 237, 285
bottle 110f
Desiccated sodalime 29
Dexamethasone 158, 248
Dexmedetomidine 133, 135
Dextran 80, 81
Dextrose 80, 318
normal saline 81
Dezocine 128, 132
Diabetes mellitus 59, 231, 268
Diameter index safety system 17f
Diaphragm 6
injury to 339
Diaphragmatic hernia 106, 265
Diastolic dysfunction 268
Diathermy, grounding of 163
Diazepam 125, 148, 245
Dibucaine 169, 176, 177
Dichloroacetylene 29
Diclofenac suppositories 265
Difficult airway 59, 266, 271
algorithm 62fc
management 59, 235
Diffusion hypoxia 102
Dihydromorphine 128
Direct hepatocellular damage 104
Disorders of blood, anesthesia for 243
Disseminated intravascular coagulation 88, 89
Disulfiram 56
Diuretics 56
Dobutamine 190
Dopamine 190
antagonists 220
Double lumen tubes, complications of 43
Down syndrome, anesthetic considerations for 266
Doxacurium 142, 144
Droperidol 134, 159
Drotrectogin alfa 320
Drug 329
adjuvant 195
agonist-antagonist 128, 132
antianginal 55
antiplatelet 55
antithyroid 232
antitubercular 56, 218
dosage of 188
hyperosmotic 247
metabolism of 74, 233
site of action of 195
volume of 196
D-tubocurare 142, 143, 148
Dual mode ventilation 309
Duchenne muscle dystrophy 140
Dura cutting 187
Dura separating needles 191
Durasorb 28
Dyspnea 190, 215, 289
Dystrophia myotonia 140
E
Ear 272
surgery, anesthesia for 283
Early percutaneous coronary intervention 337
Eaton-Lambert syndrome 237
Echocardiography 67
Echothiopate inhibit pseudocholinesterase 140
Egg allergy 124
Eisenmenger syndrome 209
Elective surgery 205, 218, 259
Electric hazards 162
Electrocardiography 64
Electroconvulsive therapy
agent of 122
anesthesia for 222
Electroencephalogram, uses of 76
Electroencephalography 77
Electrolyte 172
imbalances 227
anesthesia for 229
Electromagnetic interference 212
Electromechanical dissociation 334
Electromyogram 290
Emergence excitement 157
Emergence reactions 126
Emergency
infraglottic airway devices 46
oxygen flush, switch for 20f
surgery 252
transfusion 85
EMLA cream 176
Emphysema 217
Empiric naloxone 337
Encephalopathy 224
End tidal
carbon dioxide 251
nitrogen 251
Endocrinal abnormalities 227
Endocrinal disorders, anesthesia for 231
Endocrinal system 74, 130, 186
Endogenous opioids 133
Endotracheal tube 12, 39f, 40, 41t, 42, 329, 331, 332
deciding size of 42
dislodgement 290
use of 314
End-tidal anesthetic concentration 78
Energy requirement, calculation of 318
Enflurane 99, 104, 112
Enoxaparin 54
ENT surgery, anesthesia for 281
Enteral nutrition, complications of 318, 318t
Entonox 106, 259
cylinder 16, 16f
inhalation 259
Entropy 78
Ephedrine 190, 248, 317
Epidural abscess 193
Epidural after spinal 189
Epidural anesthesia 173, 183, 194, 194f, 200t
drugs for 195
local anesthetics for 195t
Epidural catheter 194, 258
Epidural hematoma 193
Epidural needles 194
Epidural over spinal, advantages of 196
Epidural sacral block 197
Epidural space 184
Epidural steroids 301
Epidural veins 255
Epilepsy 220
Epileptogenic potential 220
Epinephrine 176, 187, 248, 335, 341
Episcleral block 279
Equipment 34, 46, 311
Erythroxylum coca, leaves of 173
Esmolol 156
Esophageal intubation 44
Esophageal sphincter, lower 256
Esophagus 74
Esters 169, 172, 173
Estrogen 54
Ether 93, 99, 112, 113, 163
advantages of 112
bottle 112f
Etidocaine 176, 177
Etomidate 77, 119, 124, 135, 212, 234, 245, 285
Eustachian tubes, blocked 283
Excessive oxygen, systemic effects of 116
Expiration 6
Expiratory gases, measurement of 69
Expiratory pressure 312
Expiratory reserve volume 9
Expiratory valve 30
Extracellular fluid 262
Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation 336
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 322
Extracorporeal oxygen delivery systems 48
Extradural anesthesia 194
Extrapyramidal side effects 158
Extubation 45
Eye 127, 130
opening 250
position 98
surgeries 106
F
Facemask 34, 34f
Facet joint injection 301
Fail safe valve 20
Familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis 122
Familial periodic paralysis 237
Fascia iliaca
block 301
nerve block 181
Fat embolism syndrome 288
Febrile reactions 87
Femoral nerve 181
block 301
Fentanyl 128, 131, 195, 265
Fetal circulation 256
Fetus, get accumulated in 257
Fiber type 172
Fiberoptic bronchoscopy 44
Fiberoptic laryngoscope, flexible 37f
Fibrinolytic therapy 55, 198
Fibromyalgia 303
pathognomonic of 303
Filariasis 88
Finger sweep method 331
Fire and burns, prevent 163
Fistula 266
Fixed cardiac output lesions, mild to moderate 199
Fixed performance devices 46
Flaccid 186
Flexometallic tube 43, 43f
Flow sensor 30, 32
Flow volume loops 10
Flowmeter 20f
tubes, position of 21, 21f
Fluid 80, 84, 189, 249, 263, 316
administration, routes of 84
management 82
overload 66, 88
requirement calculated 263
selection of 82, 228
therapy 83
titration of 67, 316
Fluidization, theory of 99
Fluids
maintenance 82
replacement 82
Flumazenil 125
Fluoride 104t, 108
Fluorinated methylethyl ether 109
Foamy blood 275
Focal ischemia, case of 120
Folic acid 243
Follicle-stimulating hormone 130
Fondaparinux 54
Forced expiratory volume 10
Forced mid-expiratory flow rate 10
Forced vital capacity 10
Foreign body 331
aspiration 5
Fortwin 132
Fospropofol 122
Fossa surgery, posterior 106, 251
Fresh frozen plasma 86, 89, 140
Fresh gas flow 23, 24
inlet 25
Frozen red blood cells 86
Fuel 163
Full face mask 312f
Functional residual capacity 9, 10, 216, 274
Furosemide 229, 248
G
G6PD deficiency 245
Gabapentin 302
Gallamine 142, 144, 148
Galvanic cell 30
Gamma cyclodextrins 147
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 120
Ganglion blockade 148
Ganglion impar block 304
Gantacurium 144
Gas
aspiration of 275
bubble diseases 117
cylinders 17t
density of 291
flow 11
in anesthesia machine 23
mechanics of 23f
partial pressure of 11
pin index position for 19t
source of 15
spaces, closed 106
sterilization 50
Gaseous agents 99, 105
Gasserian ganglion 301
Gastric contents, pulmonary aspiration of 151
Gastric injury 339
Gastric tonometry 68, 316
Gastrointestinal complications 158
Gastrointestinal system 186, 256, 271, 274
Gastrointestinal tract 127, 130, 139, 314
Gelatin 80, 82
General anesthesia 97, 250, 294
complications of 151
components of 97
protocol 97
regional over 257
General nursing care 320
Genitalia and breast, injury to 290
Genitourinary system 186
Geriatric anesthesia 268
Glaucoma 139
Global warming 105
Glomerular filtration rate 256
Glucocorticoid deficiency 234
Glucocorticoid excess 234
Glucose
containing solutions 249
solutions 80, 81
Glycemic control 249
moderate 337
Glycopyrrolate 57, 98, 280
Graham's law 11
Granisetron 158
Granulocyte precipitate 87
Great vessels, transposition of 209
Greenhouse effect 107
Guedel's airway 34, 329
Guedel's oropharyngeal airway 34f
Guillain–Barré syndrome 140, 221
Gut, volvulus of 106
Gutierrez's sign 194
Guttmann's sign 303
H
Haemaccel 82
Hafina system 27
Hallucinations 126
Halothane 29, 99, 100, 102104, 107, 113, 225, 234
bottle 108f
hepatitis 108
etiology of 109
Hanging drop technique 194
Hartmann solution 80
Head
and neck, thoracic and abdominal area, blocks of 181
low position 189
of bed, positioning of 314
tilt 331f
Head injury 127, 250, 284
management of 250
Headache 221
history of 199
post-spinal 191, 291
Heart
blocks 199
diseases 258
inotropic support to 314
on lungs, effect of pumping of 71
sensitization of 1103
Heart failure 210
congestive 237
Heat and moisture exchanger 48f
Heated humidifiers 49, 49f
Heimlich maneuver 331, 331f
Heliox 118
cylinder 16
Helium 118
dilution 10
specific gravity of 118
Hematocrit 86, 90
Hematological system 106, 256
Hematopoietic system 104
Hemodilution 252
Hemodynamic alterations 37
Hemodynamic pulmonary edema, causes of 320
Hemodynamic stability, produce 57
Hemodynamic type 320
Hemoglobin
abnormal 69
concentration 86
level 84
Hemolytic reactions 87
Hemorrhage 276
excessive 288
intraocular 197
postpartum 258
Hemostasis, disorders of 245
Hemostatic resuscitation 316
Hemothorax 66, 319
Heparin 54, 198
Hepatic complications 159
Hepatic disease 122
anesthesia for 224
Hepatic failure 148, 325
Hepatic function, underdeveloped 263
Hepatic system 256
Hepatitis 88
Herbal medicines 56
Heroin 128
Hextend 82
Hiccup 9, 155
High pressure
regulator 19
system 19, 30
Horner syndrome 303
Human immunodeficiency virus 240
Humidification devices 48
Humidifiers 48
Humprey system 27
Hydroxyethyl starch 80, 82, 228
Hyoscine 57
Hyperammonemia 88
Hyperbaric chamber 117, 291
Hyperbaric oxygen 116
chamber 117f
toxicity 117
Hyperbaric technique 188
Hypercalcemia 229, 319
Hypercapnia, permissive 313
Hypercapnic ventilatory failure 305
Hypercarbia 155, 207
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis 319
Hypercoagulable disorders 245
Hyperglycemia 318
Hyperkalemia 88, 139, 229, 235, 319
type 237
Hyperlipidemia 318
Hypermagnesemia 230, 319
Hypernatremia 229, 319
Hyperpathia 302
Hypertension 126, 155, 206, 212, 227, 252, 271
avoid 207, 208, 252
causes of 155
pregnancy-induced 258
uncontroled 199
Hyperthermia 8, 159
anesthesia
causes of 159
for malignant 161
differential diagnosis of malignant 161
malignant 123, 139, 159
Hyperthyroid patient, emergency surgery in 233
Hyperthyroidism 232
Hypertonic saline 80, 81, 247, 248
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 211
Hyperventilation 7, 324
Hypervolemia 252
Hypocalcemia 88, 145, 230, 319
Hypocapnia 155
Hypogastric block, superior 304
Hypoglycemia 225, 318
Hypokalemia 121, 145, 161, 229, 234, 319
correction of 229
mild 121
type 237
Hypolipidemia 318
Hypomagnesemia 230, 319
Hyponatremia 229
Hypoosmolality 229
Hypoparathyroidism 233
Hypophosphatemia 319
Hypoproteinemia 319
Hypotension 129, 156, 189, 213, 225, 232, 256, 288, 310
cause of 156
controlled 156
less 308
severe 190
treatment of 157
Hypotensive resuscitation 316
Hypothermia 73, 74, 77, 89, 148, 159, 249
routine use of 249
systemic effects of 74
treatment of intraoperative 75
uses of induced 75
Hypothyroid patient, emergency surgery in 234
Hypothyroidism 148, 233
Hypoventilation 154, 323
usual cause of 154
Hypovolemia 69, 83, 84, 286
Hypoxia 6, 43, 116, 151, 152, 244, 314
avoid 207
in anesthesia, causes of 116
systemic effects of 116
treatment of 116
Hypoxic hypoxia 116
Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction 9
effects on 103
I
I-gel 39, 39f
Imidazole derivative 124
Immune complications 89
Immune-mediated disease, anesthesia for 239
Immunoglobulin 236
Immunologic mechanism 109
Immunologic system 105
Immunosuppression 130
Impedance threshold device 336
Inadequate amnesia 157
Inadequate reversal, causes of 147
Inadequate ventilation, complications to 314
Induction 269
Infant back blows 331f
Infant chest thrust 331
Infection 45, 117, 313
control of 57, 306
Infectious complications 66, 88
higher chances of 197
Infectious disease 239
Infraglottic airway devices 40
Inhalational agents 29, 99, 101, 103, 145, 148, 157, 160, 206, 228, 248, 272, 290
anesthetic properties of 113t
blunt 9
distribution of 101
inflammability of 104
mechanism of action of 99
physical properties of 22t
potency of 100
reaction of 104
site of action of 100
systemic effects of 103, 113t
Inhalational induction 264
Inhaled anesthetic agent, absorption of 102
Injection
site of 172, 188
speed of 189
Inotropes 190, 317
Inspiration 6
Inspiratory capacity 9
Inspiratory flow rate 308
Inspiratory pressure 312
Inspiratory reserve volume 9
Inspiratory valve 30
Instrumental monitoring 64
Instruments 94
Insufflation 281
Insulin 54, 58
doses of 54
regular 231
Intensive care
acquired weakness 314
management 305
unit 305
Intercostal nerve block 182, 304
Intercostobrachial nerves 180
Intermittent positive pressure ventilation 7, 256, 308
Internal jugular vein, right 65
Interstitial lung disease 7, 305
Intestinal obstruction 84, 266
acute 106
Intra-abdominal pressure 189, 274, 276
Intra-abdominal tumors, pregnancy 196
Intra-arterial injection 121
Intracranial complications 193
Intracranial pressure 130, 249
Intracranial tension 105, 113, 126, 134, 247
anesthesia for 249
elevated 284
increased 276
methods to decrease 247
signs of 247
symptoms of 247
Intragastric pressure, increases 127
Intramuscular injection 121
Intraocular pressure 134
maintenance of 278
Intraocular tension, increases 127
Intraoperative bronchospasm, management of 217
Intraoperative fluid, calculation of 83
Intraosseous 340
route 84
Intrathecal block 186
Intrathoracic procedures, arrest during 339
Intravascular access 339
Intravascular injection 186, 197, 259
Intravenous anesthetics 93, 119, 134, 248
systemic effects of 134t
Intravenous caffeine 192
Intravenous induction 264
agent, dose of 286
Intravenous lipid emulsion 337
Intravenous regional block 180
Intubate, failure to 151
Intubating laryngeal mask airway 38, 39f, 61, 62
Intubation 42, 264, 266, 269, 285, 286, 335
assessment of 60
causes of difficult 59
complications of 44
difficult 239
rapid sequence 148
technique of 40
Invasive blood pressure monitoring 65
Iron 58
Ischemia 117
Ischemic heart disease 205, 268
Isoflurane 99, 100, 103, 104, 109, 113, 264
bottle 109f
Isovolemic hemodilution 90
J
Jackson and Rees circuit 27
Jaw protrusion 7
Jehovah's convention 156
Jet ventilation 46f, 281
high frequency 282
Jugular vein, internal 66
Jugular venous compression, bilateral 251
K
Ketamine 77, 119, 126, 135, 216, 220
infusion 301, 302
inhibits cortex 126
S-enantiomer of 128
stimulates sympathetic system 126
Ketoacidosis 318
Kidney 74, 256
dysfunction 314
Klippel–Feil syndrome 59
Korotkoff sounds 64
L
Labetalol 156
Labor analgesia 258
Lacrimation 303
Lactation 124
Lactic acidosis 123
Laminar flow 6, 11
Lamotrigine 55
Laparoscopic surgeries 106, 274
Laparoscopy
anesthesia for 274
complications of 274
contraindications for 276
ideal gas for 274
pathophysiological effects of 274
Laryngeal abnormalities 59
Laryngeal mask 39
Laryngeal mask airway 37, 38f, 61, 62, 218, 294, 329, 332
C-trach 38, 39f
first generation 37
flexible 38
second generation 38
supreme 39f
unique 38
Laryngeal reflexes 127
Laryngitis 45
Laryngoscopes 35
flexible 37
indirect rigid 36
video 36
Laryngoscopy 42
complications of 37
grading of 61, 61f
position for 41f
Laryngospasm 154
cause of 38
treatment of 154
Laryngotracheal surgery tube 43
Larynx 3
laryngoscopic view of 3f
paralysis of nerves of 4
trauma to 44
Laser surgery, precautions during 163
Left ventricular function 206
Leukocytosis 256
Levallorphan 128
Levobupivacaine 175, 177, 187, 195
Levodopa 55
Levorphanol 128
Lidocaine 174, 176
Ligament
interspinous 183
supraspinous 183
Ligamentum flavum 183
Lignocaine 169, 173, 174, 176, 177, 187, 195, 259
jelly 176
xylocard 180, 340
Lipid solubility 171
Liposomal bupivacaine 196
Liquid oxygen 15
tank 115f
Lithium 55
hydroxide 30
Lithotomy 162
Liver 104, 108, 110, 186
disease 227
dysfunction 314
failure 84
Local anesthesia 93, 276
causes of failure of 177
methods of 176
Local anesthetic
action of 170
anaphylaxis 190
concentration of 196
mechanism of action of 170, 170f
properties of 169, 177t
site of action of 186
toxicity 190, 197
Local toxicity 173
Lomodex 81
Lorazepam 125
Low backache 301
Low central venous pressure 315
Low flow oxygen delivery systems 47
Low pressure
headache 191
system 20, 31
Lower limb 181
blocks of 181
surgeries 286
Lower lobe bronchus 4f
Ludwig angina 282
Lumbar plexus block 300
Lumbar spine, fusion of 239
Lumbar sympathetic chain block 304
Lumen tube, double 43, 43f
Luminal brush border, atrophy of 317
Lung
capacity, total 9
compliance 11
in aspiration, segments of 152
infection 321
injury 339
transfusion-related acute 89
mechanical ventilation of 306
pathology 7
protective strategy 313
separation 43
volume 9, 9f, 10, 73
M
Macintosh 35
laryngoscope 36f
Macroglossia 59
Magill's circuit 24, 25, 25f
Magill's forceps 50
Mainstream capnometer 70f
Malaria 88
Malarial parasite 88
Mallampati classification 60f
Mallampati grading 60, 61
modified 60, 61f
Mandible, abnormalities of 59
Mandibular nerve block, technique for 303
Mania 222
Mannitol 247
Manual defibrillators 329
Mapleson circuits 24, 24f
Mapleson system 31
Marcaine 175
Mask holding technique 35f
Masseter spasm 139
Massive blood transfusion 86
Match test 10
Maxillary nerve block 304
technique for 303
McCoy laryngoscope 35, 36f
McGill pain questionnaire 299
Mean arterial pressure 249
Mechanical ventilation 306
complications of 313
Mechanically ventilated patient, normal waveform for 71f
Mediaction errors 163
Median nerve, injury to 122
Medical air 118
Medical therapy, pre-existing 54
Medulla 6
Membrane oxygenators 48
Meningeal irritation 192
Meninges 184
Meningitis 192
Mentohyoid distance 60
Meperidine 129, 130
Mephenteramine 190, 248
Mepivacaine 169, 174, 177
Meptazinol 129
Metabolic acidosis 325, 326
treatment of 325
Metabolic alkalosis 326
treatment 326
Metabolic changes 288
Metabolism 102, 105, 107, 108, 110, 120, 123, 125, 138, 171, 172, 174
Metallic instruments 50
Metallic wire, presence of 43
Metaxalone 148
Methemoglobinemia 69, 173, 345
Methohexital 135
Methohexitone 119, 122, 220
Methoxyflurane 29, 99, 104, 112, 169
Methylene 245
Methylnaltrexone 129, 133
Methylprednisolone 248
Metoclopramide 140, 153, 158, 220, 293
Metocurine 142, 143, 148
Meyer Overton rule 99
Micrognathia 59
Microlaryngeal surgery 106, 281, 309
tubes 43, 281
Midazolam 57, 125, 293, 294
Middle ear surgery 106
Middle lobe bronchus, right 4f
Mill wheel murmur 251
Miller blade 36f
Mineralocorticoid deficiency 235
Mineralocorticoid excess 234
Mini tracheostomy 46
Minimum alveolar concentration 100, 100t, 232, 255, 258, 290
Minute volume 10
Mitral regurgitation 207
Mitral stenosis 199, 207
Mitral valve prolapse 208
Mivacurium 142, 144, 148, 233, 294
Mixed venous
blood 73
oxygen 73
saturation 69
tension 316
Molybdenum steel 15
Montgomery T-tube 45
Morbidity and mortality, increased risk of 271
Morphine 128, 130, 195
pharmacokinetics of 130
Mortality 151
Motor evoked
potential 290
response 77
Mouth to mouth, rescue breathing by 329
Mucaine gel 176
Mucosa 5
Mueller's syndrome 303
Multiple injuries 284
Muscle
blockade 137
fasciculations 137
injury 162
pains 139
soreness 139
spasms 148
tone, increases 127
Muscle relaxants 94, 97, 136, 148, 160, 210, 211, 225, 228, 233, 248, 264, 279, 285, 286
addition of 144
centrally acting 148
changeover of 144
classification of 138
pharmacology of 149t
potentiate action of 258
residual paralysis of 306
Muscular diseases 145t
Muscular dystrophies 140, 237
Muscular system 127, 130
Myalgia 139
Myasthenia gravis 236
Myasthenic syndrome 237
Myelination 172
Myelopathy 199
Myocardial infarction, treatment of intraoperative 206
Myocardial ischemia 132, 157, 232
Myocardial oxygen demand and supply 206
Myofascial pain syndrome 302
Myotonia dystrophica 238
N
Nail polish 69
Nalbuphine 128, 132
Nalmefene 129
Nalorphine 128
Naloxegol 129, 133
Naloxone 129, 132, 340
uses of 133
Naltrexone 129
Narcosis 97
unitary theory of 99
Narcotics, overdosage of 306
Nasal cannula 48
Nasal cavity 7
Nasal intubation 44
contraindications for 44
indications for 44
over oral intubation, advantages of 44
Nasal polyps 283
Nasal stuffiness 303
Nasal surgery, anesthesia for 283
Nasogastric tubes 317
Nasopharynx 74
Nausea 124, 186, 190, 276
postoperative 158
prevent 57
Nebulizers 49
Neck
abnormalities 59
contracture 59
extension 7
flexion 7
movements 60
restricted 59
stabilization 62
swellings 59
Needle
cricothyrotomy 46, 46f
direction of 189
size 191
type of 191
Negative pressure test 31
Neonatal surgical emergencies, management of 265
Neostigmine 55, 98, 140, 146, 187
Nephrotoxic 29
Nerve
injuries 162
stimulation, frequency of 171, 172
Nerve blocks 176
iliohypogastric 182
ilioinguinal 182
individual 180
obturator 181
peripheral 179
Nerve fiber
classification of 170t
sensitivity of 170
type of 171
Nervi erigentes, paralysis of 186
Nervous system 185, 255
Neuralgia, postherpetic 301
Neuralgic pain 302
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist 310
Neuraxial 302
Neurolept malignant syndrome 161
Neuroleptanaesthesia 134
Neuroleptanalgesia 134, 135, 158, 252
Neurologic outcome, early prognostication of 337
Neurologic status, assessment of 250
Neurological complications 157, 191
Neurological system 106
Neurolytic block 301, 302
Neuromuscular blockade 144
Neuromuscular diseases, anesthesia for 236
Neuromuscular junction 136, 136f, 263
physiology of 136
Neuromuscular monitoring 75, 76f, 137, 236
Neuromuscular system 104
Neurons, dorsal group of 6
Neuropathic pain 301
Neuropathy 193
higher incidence of 197
peripheral 158, 199
Neuroprotection 103, 107
Neurosurgical patients 249
Neurotoxic gas 29
Neurotoxicity 103
Neutral gaze 278
Newborn cardiopulmonary resuscitation 339
Newer formulations 170
Newer techniques 336
Nitric oxide 117
inhaled 322
Nitrogen washout 10
Nitroglycerine infusion 155
Nitrous oxide 23, 93, 99, 100, 105, 106, 113, 117, 206, 217, 225, 279, 282
cylinder 15, 16f
instead of 97
yoke for 23
Nociceptin 128
Non-anticipated difficult intubation 61
Nonbarbiturates 122
Noncardiac surgeries 205
Nondepolarizing 138
blockers 138, 138t
muscle relaxants 141
Non-heated humidifiers 49
Noninfectious complications 88
Non-intubated patients, apnea monitoring for 72
Noninvasive blood pressure 65
monitoring 64
Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation 306, 311, 322
principles for 312
Noninvasive ventilation
device 311f
with face mask 312, 312f
Nonmyelinated c fibers 171
Non-obstetric surgeries during pregnancy, anesthesia for 259
Nonshockable rhythm 334
management of 334, 336fc
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 239, 300
Norepinephrine 317
Normal saline 80, 81
preparations 80
Normovolemic hemodilution 90
Normoxia, maintain 339
Nose, artificial 48
Nostril 34
monitoring airflow at 72
Nutritional support 306, 317
O
Obese patients, anesthesia for 271
Obesity 271, 277
Obstetrics, anesthesia for 255
Obstructive hydrocephalus 252
Obstructive sleep apnea 305
surgery, anesthesia for 283
Occupational hazards 164
Ocular complications 162
Ocular movement 98
Oculocardiac reflex 129
prevention of 278
Ointments 56, 58
Olympic tracheal button 45
Ondansetron 158
Onium chlorofumarates 142
mixed 144
Opacities, bilateral 321
Open chest massage 339
Open mouth 59
Open oxygen cylinder 30
Operation theater 162
Ophthalmic surgery, anesthesia for 278
Opioid 119, 128, 129, 135, 169, 187, 195, 211, 300
agonists 130, 132
antagonists 132
bowel syndrome 130
inhibit 129
mechanism of action of 129
mixed 128
newer 131
receptors 128
remains 302
Oral anticoagulants 54, 198
Oral caffeine 192
Oral contraceptives 54
Oral hypoglycemics 231
Oral hypoglycemics 54, 58
Oral intubation 44
Orbicularis oculi 75
Organ
failure assessment, high sequential 321
functions, maintenance of 306
Orphanin FQ 128
Orthopedic
anesthesia for 288
surgery, complications of 288
Oscillations, high frequency 309
Oxethazaine 176
Oxidizer 163
Oxygen 7, 115, 153
analyzer 30, 32, 73
checking accuracy of 32
body stores of 116
concentration, inspired 306
concentrator 115, 115f, 255
cylinder 15, 15f
color of 15
deficiency 116
delivered concentration of 308
delivery devices 47f, 48, 48t, 115
delivery systems 46
dissociation curve 8, 8f
excessive 116
failure alarms 20, 32
flow, maximum 48t
flowmeter tube 32
flush 20
flux 8
mask
simple 47f, 48
with reservoir 48
nitrous proportioning system 21
supplemental 306, 321
support during lung lavage 117
therapy 116, 289, 306, 326
toxicity 116, 313
Oxygenation 164, 225
combined 306
failure 305
measurement of 68
Oxygenators 48
Oxygen-nitrous
proportioning devices 32
ratio controller 21
Oxymorphone 128
Ozone 301
depletion 107
destruction 105
P
Pacemakers 211
Packed red blood cells 86
Pain 159, 288, 302
assessment of 299
blocks 303
during injection 190
management 127, 290, 299, 300
acute 300
Painless labor 258
Pancuronium 140, 142, 148
Panendoscopy 281
anesthesia for 281
Paracetamol 265, 300
Paradoxical respiration 8
Paralysis, bilateral partial 4
Paraplegia 193
Paravertebral block 182
Parenteral narcotics 259
Parenteral nutrition 318
complication of 318, 318t
Parenteral route 318
Parkinson's disease 220
Parotid surgery, anesthesia for 283
Patent ductus arteriosus 209
Patient state index 78
Paul Bert effect 117
Peak expiratory flow rate 10
Pectoralis major 6
Pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation 338
Pediatric patients, blades for 35
Pediatric population 261
Penile block 182
Pentamorphone 128
Pentazocine 128, 132, 245
Percutaneous tracheostomy set 45f
Peribulbar block 278
Pericardial diseases 211
Peridural block 194
Peripheral nerve blocks, contraindications for 182
Peripheral vascular resistance, increased 274
Peritonsillar abscess, anesthesia for 282
Perivascular block 181
Peroneal nerve 290
Pethidine 128, 130, 131, 159, 169
pH 86, 172
Phantom limb 302
Pharmacologic therapy 302
Pharmacology 248
Pharyngeal reflexes 127
Pharyngitis 45
Phenothiazines 119
Phenylephrine 187, 317
Pheochromocytoma 109, 234
Phonation, difficulty in 190
Phosgene gas 29
Photoplethysmography 69
Phrenic nerve block 179, 182
Pierre-Robin syndrome 59
Pin index system 19, 32
making of 19
Pipecuronium 142, 143
Piritramide 131
Pituitary dysfunction 235
Placenta, anesthesia for manual removal of 259
Plant mandragora, narcotic effects of 93
Plasma 85
Cholinesterase
drugs metabolized by 345
level 256
protein 87
binding 171
Plasmalyte 81
Plasmapheresis 236
Plateau pressure 313
Platelet 86, 89
aggregates 158
concentrates 86
disorders of 245
Plavix 55
Plethysmography, impedance 72
Pleural effusion 66
Pleural pressures 11
Pneumocephalus 106, 252
Pneumomediastinum 275, 319, 339
Pneumonectomy, operative criteria for 218
Pneumonia, ventilator-associated 313
Pneumonitis 305
Pneumopericardium 275, 339
Pneumoperitoneum 106
gases for creating 274
Pneumothorax 66, 106, 155, 180, 274, 305, 319, 339
Polarographic cell 30
Poliomyelitis 140
Polycythemia 244
Poor vascular tone 315
Porphyria 122, 245
Posidur 170
Positive end-expiratory pressure 7, 306, 310
Positive pressure
airway therapy 310
test 31
ventilation
continue intermittent 140
high frequency 281
Post-anesthesia care unit
discharge criteria from 164
general guidelines for 164
Postcardiac arrest care 337
Postdural puncture headache 191
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction, incidence of 158, 270
Potassium 82, 86
rich fluids 229
Potency 171, 172
Potent bronchodilator 127
Potent vasoconstrictor 173
Pre-anesthesia checkup 53
Precordial Doppler 251
Precurarization 139
Preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced 258
Pregabalin 302
Pregnancy 152, 256, 276
physiological changes in 255
Premedication 269
Pressure
conversion of 345
gauge 16
relief valve 25
support ventilation 309, 309f
Prilocaine 169, 174, 177, 180
Procaine 169, 174, 177
Progesterone decreases 255
Prolapsed discs, percutaneous discectomy for 301
Propofol 119, 122, 122f, 123, 135, 217, 225, 228, 246, 256, 294
contraindication for 124
infusion syndrome 123
over thiopentone, advantages of 123
Proportional-assisted ventilation 310
Proseal laryngeal mask airway 38, 39f
Prostate, anesthesia for transurethral resection of 228
Prosthetic heart valves 209
Protein binding 120
Pruritus 193
Pseudocholinesterase 138, 169, 345
abnormal 141
atypical 141
direct inhibition of 140
low 140
Pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy 237
Pseudomonas 88
Psoas compartment block 181
Psychiatric disorders 222
Psychiatric patients 199
Pulmonary artery 67, 74
catheterization 66, 68
uses of 67
occlusion pressure
low 315
measuring 67
pressure, increase 310
Pulmonary barotrauma 313
Pulmonary capillary
occlusion pressure 67
wedge pressure 315
Pulmonary care 320
Pulmonary complications 269
Pulmonary damage 218
Pulmonary disease 215
management of 215
Pulmonary edema 7, 84, 88, 154, 305, 320
management of 154
Pulmonary embolism 7, 66, 155, 289, 305
Pulmonary function 11
basis of 306
tests 9, 215
Pulmonary hypertension 305
Pulmonary toxicity 116
Pulse
check 338
contour devices 68
oximeter 68f
oximetry 68, 249, 292
principle of 68
pressure variation 65
Pulseless electrical activity 334, 335
Pungent ethereal odor 109
Pupillary dilatation, initial 98
Pyloric stenosis 266
Pyridostigmine 55, 140
Q
Queckenstedt's test 192
R
Radiofrequency ablation 301
RAE tube 43f
Ramp position 272, 272f
Ranitidine 293
Rapacuronium 142, 143
Rapid sequence induction, modified 153
Raynaud's disease 181, 302
Raynaud's phenomenon 302
Reactions, transfusion 87
Receptor interaction, basis of 128
Recruitment maneuvers 322
Recurrent laryngeal nerve 4
complete paralysis of 4
palsy 233
paralysis of 4
Recurring respiratory depression 129
Red blood cells esterase 345
Red cells 85
Red rubber 41
tube 41t
Reflectance spectroscopy 69
Reflexes, abolition of 97
Regional blocks 302
Regional nerve block 265, 300
Regional oxygenation 69
Regurgitation, hydrodynamics of 151
Remifentanil 128, 130, 131, 225, 228, 265, 294
Remimazolam 125
Renal complications 159
Renal disease 110, 122
anesthesia for 227
Renal dysfunction, anesthetic management of 227
Renal failure 84, 140, 148, 325
Renal function, underdeveloped 263
Renal system 104
Rescue modes 309
Reservoir bag 25, 26f
Residual volume 9
Resistance technique, loss of 194
Respiration 6, 98, 111, 164
depresses 108
muscles of 6
onset of regular 98
regulation of 6
Respiratory acidosis 318, 323, 326
Respiratory alkalosis 324, 326
Respiratory changes, anesthetic implications of 255, 261
Respiratory complications 151
Respiratory compromised 277
Respiratory considerations 271
Respiratory depression 129, 195
Respiratory diseases, anesthesia for 215
Respiratory failure 306, 321
management of 306
Respiratory inductance plethysmography 72
Respiratory monitoring 68
Respiratory muscles 98
Respiratory paralysis 190
Respiratory physiology 3
changes 262t
Respiratory rate 307
Respiratory system 74, 103, 105, 107, 108, 120, 123, 125, 126, 164, 173, 185, 255, 261, 268, 274
Respiratory tract infection 218
Restlessness 190
Restrictive lung diseases 217
Retrobulbar block 279
Retrolental fibroplasia 116
Rheumatoid arthritis 239
Rib fracture 339
Rickettsial diseases 88
Rigid laryngoscopes, direct 35
Ring-Adair-Elwyn preformed tubes 42
Ringer lactate 80, 119
solution 80
Rocuronium 142, 148
Room air, normal values on 73
Room temperature, increase 75
Ropivacaine 175, 177, 187, 195, 265, 300
Rotameter 20, 20f
safety features of 21
Rule out autonomic neuropathy 231
S
Saddle block 194
Safest inhalational anesthetic 112
Salivary secretions 127
Salmonella 88
Samter triad 283
Scavenging system 23
Schizophrenia 222
Sciatic nerve 181
Scleroderma 239
Sclerosis, multiple 199, 221
Second gas effect 102
Sedation 130
drug for 294
Seldinger technique 66
Sellick's maneuver 153
Semiopen and circle systems 31t
Semiopen circuits 24, 27, 28t
Sensor membrane 30
Sensorcaine 175
Sensory
block 195
supply 3
Sepsis 84, 225, 320, 321
Septicemia 199
causes of death in 320
Serotonin antagonists 158
Serum lactate levels 316
Sevoflurane 22f, 29, 99, 100, 104, 109, 111, 113, 225, 235
bottle 111f
Shivering 69, 159, 190
treatment of 159
Shock 84, 314, 317
causes of 315
compensatory mechanism in 315
distributive 315
hemodynamic parameters in 315
hypovolemic 315
index 317
management of 306, 316
mild 315
moderate 315
neurogenic 317
obstructive 315
patients, anesthesia for 213
presence of 284
septic 321
septicemic 315
severe 315
treatment for 317
Shockable rhythms 334fc
management of 333
Short neck 59
Shoulder pain 276
Shunt
left to right 209
peritonojugular 276
right to left 209
ventriculoperitoneal 276
Sickle cell disease 244
Sigh 9
Silica 28
Silver tubes 45
Simple bedside test 10
Simultaneous abdominal compression 336
Sinus rhythm, maintain normal 208
Skin pigmentation 69
Sleep 120
effects on 125
Smiley scale 299, 299f
Smoking 56
inhibits cilia 56
Soda bicarbonate, addition of 171
Sodalime 27, 29, 104, 111, 155
canister 29f
composition of 28
granules, properties of 28
inadequate filling of 30
reaction of 29
Sodium 82
bicarbonate 172, 325
administration 339
use of 340
carbonate 325
nitroprusside infusion 155
salt 119
Soft palate, abnormalities of 59
Soft tissues, damage to 37
Somatosensory evoked
potential 290
response 77
Sore throat 45
Spinal anesthesia 173, 183, 183f, 186, 194, 200t, 221, 228, 257
complications of 189
drugs for 187
local anesthetics for 187t
selective 294
Spinal cord 104
anatomy of 184
blood supply of 184
direct trauma to 193
injury 140
ischemia 193
transection 221
Spinal curvature 189
Spinal deformity 199
Spinal needle 187, 188f
sizes 188f
Spinal stenosis 199
Spine injuries 284, 290
Spine surgery
anesthesia for 290
anesthetic management of 253
previous 199
Spiral embedded 43
Spirometry 10
Spontaneous breath, recovery of 71, 72f
Spontaneous ventilation 311f
Staphylococcus 88
Static current 49
Static electricity 163
Steam inhalation 320
Stellate ganglion block 121, 303
Stents, emergency surgery with 207
Stereotactic surgery 252
Steroidal compounds 142
Steroids 55, 248, 317, 322, 337
transforaminal 301
Stimulus, end of 302
Stored blood, changes in 86
Stress
hormones 130
response 130
Stroke 220, 252
volume 67
variation 65
Subarachnoid block 186
Subclavian 318
artery 180f
Subcutaneous emphysema 275
Subdural block 196
Subglottis 12, 261
Subtenon block 279
Succinylcholine 137, 138, 140, 148, 225, 229, 238, 264, 279
Sudeck's dystrophy 302
Sufentanil 128, 131
Sugammadex 147
Sugar, management of 231
Sulfur 119
Supine hypotension syndrome 185, 256
Supraglottic airway devices 37
Supraglottic devices 39
Supreme laryngeal mask airway 38
Surgery
fitness for 11
preparation before 227
prolonged duration 110
relaxation for 97
selection of 293
timing before 227
timing of 224, 236, 252
type of 158
Surgical anesthesia, stage of 98
Suxamethonium 138, 138f
Swan Ganz catheter 67
Sympathetic block 185, 302
Sympathetic stimulation 160
Symptomatology 121
Synchronized intermittent
mandatory ventilation 308
positive pressure ventilation 309f
Synthetic oxygen carriers 89
Syphilis, transmission of 88
Syringomyelia 221
Systemic lupus erythematosus 239
Systemic toxicity 186
Systemic vascular resistance 103, 315
T
Tachycardia 37, 126, 152, 156, 206, 289
avoid 207
Temperature management, targeted 337, 338
Temperature monitoring 73, 263, 285
indications for 74
Temporomandibular joint
abnormalities of 60
function, assessment of 60
surgeries, anesthesia for 283
Teratogenic effects 106
Teratogenicity 104
Tetanic stimulation 76
Tetanus 140, 148
Tetracaine 169, 174, 176, 177
ointment 176
Tetralogy of Fallot 209, 265
Thalassemia 244
Thebaine 128
Thermal discomfort 74
Thermal perturbations 159
Thermodilution 78
Thiopentone 119, 120, 135, 217, 220, 232, 250, 256
dose of 121
elimination half-life of 120
vial 120f
Thoracic bioimpedance 68
Thoracic paravertebral block 300
Thoracic pump theory 333
Thoracoabdominal abnormalities 59
Thoracopulmonary compliance 274
Thoracotomy, operative criteria for 218
Thrombocytopenia 199, 245
Thromboembolic complications 66
Thromboembolism, incidence of 290
Thrombolytic therapy 55, 198
Thrombophlebitis 122
Thyroid 121
disorders 101
dysfunctions 232
storm 233
Thyromental distance 60
Thyroxine preparations 233
Tidal volume 9, 30, 307
Tissue hypoxia 89
Tizanidine 148
Tolerance 130
Tongue, abnormalities of 59
Tonsillectomy 282
Tooth extraction 93
Tourniquet palsies 158
Toxicity 172, 174, 175
Toxoplasma 88
Trachea 4
Tracheal abnormalities 59
Tracheal auscultation 10
Tracheal stenosis 46
Tracheal tug 8
Tracheobronchial secretions 127
Tracheoesophageal fistula 265
Tracheostomy 7, 45, 311, 314, 332
tube 45
care of 46
Tramadol 128, 131, 169
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation 301, 303
Transdermal fentanyl 302
Transdermal scopolamine 159
Transesophageal echocardiography 68, 206
Transfusion, indications for 84
Transient neurological symptoms 173, 192, 294
Transthoracic echocardiography 68
Transversus abdominis plane block 182, 300
Trauma
anesthesia for 284
direct 193
extubation in 286
management of 284
Treacher Collins syndrome 59
Trendelenburg position 189, 251
Trichloroethylene 113
Tricyclic antidepressants, acute intake of 222
Trielene 29, 99
lock 32
Trifluoroacetic acid 108
Trigeminal nerve block 303
Trigeminal neuralgia 301
Trilene 113
Trypanosomiasis 88
Tube
correct position of 44
deciding length of 42
lumen of 43
malposition of 44
types of 42
Tuberculosis 218
Tubing, corrugated 26
Tuffier's line 184
Tumors, abdominal 152
Tuohy needle 194, 194f
Turbulent 11
TURP syndrome 229
Tympanic membrane 75
congestion of 303
Tympanoplasties 106
U
Ultrasonic nebulizer 49f
Unconsciousness 120
Upper airway
obstruction 9, 118, 154, 233
reflexes, depression of 123
Upper limb 303
blocks of 179
surgeries 290
Upper lobe bronchus
anterior 4f
left 4f
posterior 4f
right 4f
Upper pons, pneumotaxic center in 6
Urinary output, decreased 225
Urinary retention 186, 195
Urine output 64, 316
Uteroplacental circulation 256
Uterus 105, 108, 256
V
Valve, one-way check 23
Valvular diseases 207
Vapor 11
pressure 109, 110
Vaporizers
safety features in 22
sequence of 22
Vasoconstriction 69
Vasoconstrictors
added 189
addition of 171, 172
Vasopressin 317, 335337
Vasopressors 189, 317
Vecuronium 142, 148, 206
Venous access 286
Venous air embolism 251
Venous oxygen saturation 333
Ventilate, failure to 151
Ventilation 102, 103, 331, 332
adaptive support 310
assist-control 308, 308f, 310
control of 71, 261, 308, 308f
delayed 337
high-frequency 309
induction, high alveolar 261
inverse ratio 309
modes of 308, 312
optimization of 337
perfusion 6
mismatch 6, 154
ratio, compression to 333, 342
techniques 281
with bag and mask 61, 153
without intubation 311
Ventilator 307
breath by 307
initial setting of 307
setting 322
adjust 275
weaning from 312
Ventilatory failure 306
Ventricular assist devices 212
Ventricular dysfunction 212
Ventricular fibrillation 335
Ventricular septal defect 209, 265
Ventricular tachycardia 335
Venturi
mask 47, 48
principle 12
Vertebral column, length of 196
Viagra 56
Viral diseases 88
Visual analog scale 299, 299f
Visual evoked response 77
Vital capacity 9, 255
Vital signs 295
Vitamin 58
C deficiency 124
Vitriol, sweet oil of 93
Vocal cord 261
granuloma 45
Volatile agent, patrial pressure of 291
Volatile agents 99, 107
Vomiting
postoperative 158
prevent 57
W
Walking epidural 259
Water loading 319
Water's circuit 26
Weaning, method of 313
Wound
effect on 74
touching 300
X
Xenon 99, 100, 107, 113
Xylocaine 174, 176, 177
jelly 176
spray 61, 176
Xylocard 340, 342
Y
Yersinia 88
Yoke assembly 19
×
Chapter Notes

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