A
Abetalipoproteinemia 158
ABO incompatibility 417
ABO mismatched blood 425
ABO tube test, grading of 395f
Abortion 170
Absolute reticulocyte count 240
Acanthocytes 250
Acetest tablet test 29
Achlorhydria 148
Acidified glycerol lysis time 433
Acidified serum test 433
Acidity, total 148
Acquired venous thrombotic disorders 362t
Acridine orange flow cytometry 187
Actinomyces 122
Acute disseminated intravascular coagulation 349f
Addison's disease 59
Adenoma 166
Adenovirus 143
Adrenaline 356
Adrenocorticotropic hormone 7
Adult Still's disease 197
Aedes aegypti 289
Aeromonas 137
Afibrinogenemia 350
Agarose gel electrophoresis 89f
Agenesis 163
Agglutination inhibition test 170f
Air-liquid interface 174
Alanine aminotransferase 76
Albuminocytologic dissociation 105
grading of 25t
Alcohol abuse 89
Alkali denaturation test 433
Allergic diseases 255
Allergic purpura 344
Alloantibodies 413
Allogeneic blood donation 406t
Alpha angle 361
Alpha thalassemia, genotypes in 303f
Altitude 7
Alzheimer disease 171
Amebic dysentery 132t
Amino acids 44
Aminotransferases, causes of raised 82t
Amoebae 106
Amoeboma 130
Amorphous phosphates 19
Amphotericin B 100
Amplification 342
Amyloid 84
Amyloidosis 268
Analgesics 255
Anaphylactic reaction 427
Anaphylactoid purpura 344
Ancylostoma duodenale 134
clinical features of 314t
detection of 216
determine severity of 312
dilutional 175
etiological classification of 293t
hypochromic 268
macrocytic 298
microcytic 252
moderate degree of 303
morphological classification of 259
nonmegaloblastic macrocytic 298
normocytic normochromic 315
pathogenesis of 277f
pernicious 145
Anaerobic empyema 110
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 43
Animal inoculation studies 288
Anionic dye 247
Antecubital fossa, venepuncture in 211f
Anthropological studies 399
Antiacetylcholine receptor antibodies 433
Antibasement membrane antibodies 433
Anticardiolipin antibodies 433
Anticentromere antibodies 433
Anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody 433
Antidesmoglein antibodies 433
Antifibrinolytic therapy 360
Antigliadin antibodies 433
Antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies 433
Antiglutamic acid decarboxylase 433
Antihemidesmosome antibodies 433
Antihistone antibodies 433
Anti-insulin antibodies 433
Anti-islet cell antibodies 433
Antileukocyte antibodies, detection of 379
Antimicrosomal antibodies 433
Antimitochondrial antibodies 433
Antimyeloperoxidase antibodies 433
Antiparietal cell antibodies 433
Antiplatelet agents 360
Antiplatelet drugs 345
Antiproteinase antibodies 433
Antiribonucleic acid polymerase antibodies 433
Anti-signal recognition protein 433
Anti-Smith antibodies 433
Antismooth muscle antibodies 433
Anti-sperm antibodies 190
Antithrombin 367
Antithyroid antibodies 166
Antithyroid drugs 255
Antithyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies 434
Antitopoisomerase antibodies 434
Antitransglutaminase 434
Antral follicle count 184
Anuria 18
Apo A-I lipoprotein system 88
Apo B-100 lipoprotein system 88
Arthralgia 195
Arthrocentesis 118
Artificial insemination 185
Ascheim-Zondek test 170
Aseptic meningitis 106
Asexual cycle 275
Asherman's syndrome 182
Aspergillus niger infection 110
Aspermia 187
Assisted reproductive technologies 185
Asthenozoospermia 187
Auer rods 434
Auramine rhodamine 123
Autocontrol test 396
Autocontrol tube 395
Autoimmune destruction, cell mediated 59
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, diagnosis of 379
Autoimmune thyroid disease 177
Autoimmunity 59
Automated complete blood cell count 216
Automated digital cell morphology instrument 242
Automated platelet parameters 223
Automated reticulocyte parameters 223
Autosomal dominant disorders 350
Autosomal recessive diseases 350
Azure B-eosin complexes 247
B
Bacillary dysentery 132t
Backpacker's diarrhea 128
BACTEC-TB460 125
Barr body 434
Bartonella henselae 196
Bartter syndrome 44
Basal body temperature 182
Basedow-Graves’ disease 162
Basket cells 434
Basophilic leukemia 148
Behcet's disease 195
Berger's disease 31
Beta human chorionic gonadotropin, measurement of 168b
clinical features of 303t
hematological features of 303t
homozygous 302
intermedia 302
minor 320f
mutations, population distribution of 302t
trait 278
Bicarbonate secretion 157
Bile acids, formation of 72f
Bile pigment 29
Biliary tract disease 158
Bilirubinuria 30b
Bimodal histogram 222
Biochemical tests 337
Biological hazards 14
Biuret method 77
Biuret test 434
Blast cells 253
Blind liver biopsy, percutaneous 83
Blood 246
ammonia 78
types of 403b
bank 400
biochemistry 50
borne pathogens 14b
cells 202
count 236b
examination of 248f
morphology 212f
production 267
clots, prevention of 402
errors in 236
tubes 213
preparation of 421f
culture 214
derivatives 420
donor
counseling 411
notification 411
paid 400
permanent deferral of 401b
processing of 405
professional 400
replacement 400
selection of 401
types of 400
voluntary 400
emergency issue of 418
gas 6
glucose
estimation of 64
fasting 64
postprandial 64
random 64
self-monitoring of 67
specimens 64
A 386
A2 397
AB 387
B 387
incompatibility 428
microplate method for 396f
O 386
substances, determination of 192
test tube method of 396
uses of 399
in urine, tests for detection of 32
loss
acute 293
chronic 134
products 420
issue of 419
sample, collection of 214
smear 212, 245, 246f, 252f, 255f, 257, 257t, 285f, 294, 297f, 302f, 303f, 305f, 310f, 313f, 349f, 350
advantages of 282
examination of 248
fixation of 246
in anemias, role of 252b
in leukemias, role of 254b
in thrombocytopenia, role of 257b
normal 257
platelet counting from 242
staining of 246
thick 284
types of 246
uses 245
specimen, types of 4
practice 408t
type 385
urea nitrogen 50
vessel
disorders of 344
wall 340
Blue diaper syndrome 19
Blue-colored ferric ferrocyanide 273
B-lymphocyte 207t
Body systems, changes in 8
Boiling test 23
Bombay phenotype 388b
indications for 268
sites of 269f
indications for 269
sample 270
sections 273
cellularity of 274f
indications for 268
infiltration 240
iron stain 294
morphological examination of 295
normal 267b
sampling 268
stem cells in 207
stromal cells of 267
transplantation 238
volume 267
Bordetella pertussis infection 256
Bovine 402
Bradycardia 194
Breakbone fever 289
Broad casts 38
Broad-spectrum antibiotics 128
Bromsulfthalein excretion test 81
Brown-black granular pigment 276
Buccal smear test 434
Bulb pipettes 235
Burkitt lymphoma 291
Butterfat test 153
C
Camelback fever 194
Capillary hematocrit tubes 232
Carcinogenic chemicals 14
Cardia 144
Cardiac defects 60
Cardiac disease 116
Cardiac failure, congestive 97
Cardiac injury markers 97
Cardiac muscle cell 95f
Cardiac reperfusion 93
Cardiac troponins 96
Cardioesophageal junction 147
Cardiovascular system, biomarkers of 97
Cat-scratch disease 196
C-D-xylose breath test 434
Celiac disease 152
abnormal 272
components staining orange 247
debris, removal of 375
interpretation of 395t
malignant 126f
mushroom-shaped 436
populations, characterization of 377
surface antigens 327
Cellophane tape technique 137
Cellular casts 39
Cellular components 422
Cellular elements 34
Cephalhematomas 350
Cerebral irradiation 182
chemical examination of 103
circulation of 98
collection of 98
composition of 98
direct wet mount of 106
examination of 98
functions of 98
Gram's stained smears of 107f
gross appearance of 101
Cerebrovascular accident 96
Cervical mucosa, ferning of 183f
Child-Turcotte-Pugh grading system 83t
Chloride 98
Chloroacetate esterase 435
Christmas disease 347
Chromatin 247
Chromopertubation 184
Chromosomal abnormalities 177
Chromosomal analysis 179
Churg-Strauss syndrome 433
Chylomicronemia, familial 89
Chylous fluid 114
Chymotrypsin, pancreatic 157
Cisterna magna 100
Citrate tube 213
Citrated platelet poor plasma 354
Clean-catch specimen 17
Clinitest tablet method 27
Clonidine suppression test 434
Clopidrogrel 402
Coagulation 350t
acquired inhibitors of 349
factors 341t
hereditary disorders of 354
inherited disorders of 346
inhibitors of 343
proteins 359
system 341
Coccidia 132
Codocytes 250
Colloid droplets, endocytosis of 160
Colon cancer, fecal genetic testing for 143
Colonic adenocarcinoma 194
Comet assay 187
Commercial automated culture systems 125
Commercial test kits 282
Compression venous duplex ultrasound 368
Computed tomographic pulmonary angiography 368
Computer-assisted semen analysis 191
Continuous glucose monitoring systems 67
Contraceptive pill 165
Convulsions 404
Cooley's anemia 302
Copper reduction tablet test 27
Coproporphyria, hereditary 370
Cord blood 215
Corrosive 14
Coulter principle 216
C-peptide 58f
Cranial computerized tomography 101
Cranial meninges 98f
Craniopharyngioma 182
Creatine kinase 96
Cretinism 167
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 408
Crow-Fukase syndrome 336
Cryoglobulins 223
Cryptococcal antigens 107
Curschmann spirals 434
Cushing's syndrome 60
Cyanmethemoglobin method 229
Cyclic neutropenia 255
Cystatin C clearance 48
Cysteine crystals 42
Cystic fibrosis 152
Cytapheresis 405
Cytoadherence 276
Cytoadhesion 277
Cytogenetic defects 171
Cytopenia, prevalence of 291
Cytoplasm 327
Cytoplasmic organelles 206
Cytoplasmic vacuoles 253
D
D antigen, testing for weak 399b
Dacryocyte 434
Davidsohn differential absorption test 434
De Quervain's thyroiditis 163
Dead sperms 188f
Decoy cell 37
Deep venous thrombosis, diagnosis of 367
Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction 426
Deoxyuridine suppression test 434
Dexamethasone suppression test 434
Diabetes insipidus 54b
acute metabolic complications of 69
classification of 58
complications of 62
interpretation of 61t
laboratory diagnosis of 66t
monitoring of 66b
pathogenesis of type 1 59f
type 1 59
Diabetic nephropathy, evolution of 68f
Diamond-Blackfan anemia 300
Diarrhea 139t
acute 127f
bloody 137
chronic 127t
fatty 127
infectious 139b
inflammatory 127
types of 137
Diathesis, hemorrhagic 55
Dietary creatinine 51
Dietary lipids, digestion of 150
Dietary proteins, digestion of 151
Dietary triglycerides, digestion of 150
Differential absorption test 434
Diffuse kidney disease 45
Digital hemoglobinometer 230
Dihydroepiandrosterone 183
Dihydrorhodamine reduction test 434
Dilute thromboplastin inhibition test 434
Dipotassium salt 232
Direct bilirubin 76
Direct spectroscopic estimation 77
Direct urease test 146
Distal convoluted tubule 44
Distal tubular function 53
Dolichos biflorus 386
Doll's eye reflex 101
Donath-Landsteiner test 434
Donor plasma 390
Donor red cells 390
Donor sperm 185
Double oxalate 213
Double quotidian fever 194
Downey cell 434
Dromedary fever 194
Duffy antigen 278
Duodenal aspirates 132
Duodenal fluid 135
Duodenum 147
Dutasteride 402
Dye excretion tests 434
Dye hydrotubation test 184
Dysbetalipoproteinemia, familial 89
Dysfibrinogenemia 365
Dyshoromonogenesis 163
Dyskeratosis congenita 300
Dysmorphic red cells 36f
Dyspareunia 182
Dyspnea, transfusion 425
E
Ecarin clotting time 360
Echis carinatus 360
Effusion lymphoma, primary 291
Ehrlich's reagent 372
Electrocardiography 368
Elevated pleural fluid amylase 112
Elevated proteins, differential diagnosis of 105
Elliptocytes 250
Embryo transfer 185
Emergency lumbar puncture, indications for 100
Empyema 110
Encephalitozoon hellem 133
Encephalitozoon intestinalis 133
Endocarditis, subacute bacterial 196
Endogenous lipid pathway 88f
Endogenous pathway 88
Endogenous pyrogens 193
Endolimax nana 131
Endometritis, tuberculous 182
Endothelial-bound lipoprotein lipase hydrolyzes triglycerides 88
Endotoxin, limulus lysate assay for 107
Enteric adenovirus 139
Enterocytozoon bieneusi 133
Entero-test 135
Enterotoxigenic escherichia coli 139
Eosin-5-maleimide binding test 434
Eosin-Nigrosin stain 188f
Eosinophilia 195
Epididymis 186
Epilepsy, common cause of 136
Epinephrine 356
Epithelial cast 39f
Erythroblasts, different stages of 203
Erythrocyte
analysis 379
protoporphyrin test 435
methods for 262
significance of 261
stages of 261
zinc protoporphyrin 294
Erythrocytic schizogony 276
Erythroleukemia, acute 329
Esophageal diseases 140
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy 149
Esterase reaction, nonspecific 330f
Ethambutol 125
Etretinate 402
Euglobulin lysis test 435
Euthyroid sick syndrome 164
Euthyroidism, screening for 165
Exflagellation 277
Exoerythrocytic schizogony 276
Exogenous lipid pathway 88f
Exogenous pathway 87
Extrahepatic biliary obstruction 84
Extravascular hemolysis 318f
Extrinsic pathway 342
Exudates 110
F
Factor V Leiden 363
Faget's sign 194
Faggot cell 435
Fallopian tubes 182
False thrombocytopenia, causes of 257
Fanconi's anemia 300
Fanconi's syndrome 44
Fasting lipid profile 90
Fasting serum gastrin level 145
Fat
absorption of 151f
cells 267
digestion of 151f
insufficient emulsification of 141
test for malabsorption of 141
Febrile illness 197
Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion reaction 426
Fecal alpha-1 antitrypsin clearance 142
Fecal elastase-1 142
Fecal enzymes, estimation of 157
Fecal molecular testing 143
Fecal osmotic gap 142
Fecal pH 142
Fecal specimen, concentration of 129
Fetal acetylcholinesterase 171
Fetal anemia, degree of 175
Fetal chromosomal aneuploidy 173
Fetal red cells, detection of 310
Fetal single gene diseases, detection of 173
Fetoprotein, low alpha 435
Fibrinogen
degradation products 435
detection of 359
disorders of 355
estimation of 360
latex agglutination test for 360f
Fibrinolytic system 343
Fibroblasts 267
Fibroid 182
Fibrous pericardium 116
Field's stain 279
FIGLU excretion test 435f
Filarial antigen, detection of 285
Filarial deoxyribonucleic acid, detection of 286
Filarial worms 283
Filariasis, lymphatic 283
Finasteride 402
Fisher-race system 391f
Flammable chemicals 14
Floatation techniques 129
Florence test 192
Fluid, hemorrhagic 114
Fluidics 374
Fluorescence
dye, polarization of 175
labeled inactive toxin aerolysin 312
polarization 175
staining, advantages of 124
treponemal antibody absorption test 435
Fluoride bulb 213
Fluorochrome-labelled monoclonal antibodies 374
Follicular cell 160
Follicular lymphoma 336
Forensic medicine, crime investigation in 399
Formol-ethyl acetate concentration technique 130f
Fractional test meal 148
Fragmented red cells 224
Free thyroxine 165
Friedman test 170
Froin's syndrome 102
Frozen red cells 422
Fructose, test for 191
Functional activated protein C resistance assay 363
Fungi, stains for 274
G
Gamete intrafallopian transfer 185
Gametogony 276
Gammaglobulinemias, monoclonal 338t
Gammaglobulins 435
Gasometric method 227
Gastric
acid secretion 144
stimulation of 145f
acidity 147
analysis 144
contraindications to 146
indications for 145
method of 147
tests for 148
anatomy, normal 144
biopsy 146
diseases 140
normal 145
outlet, obstruction of 146
physiology, normal 144
ulcer 146
Gastrin 156
Gastrointestinal infections 138t
Gastrointestinal molecular panel 143
Gaucher's disease 268
Gaussian distribution 8
G-banding technique 435
Gel technology 323f
Gel-based card test 312
Genomic tests 187
Gerhardt test 435
Germ cell aplasia 180
Gestational carrier surrogacy 185
GHRH-arginine stimulation test 435
Giant cell arteritis 194
Giant metamyelocyte 298f
Giardia intestinalis 132
Giardia lamblia, trophozoite of 132f
Gittleman syndrome 44
Glitter cells 435
Global hemostatic tests 361
Glomerular diseases 31
Glomerular function 46
Glomerulus 43
Glucagonoma 60
Glucose 28f
6 phosphate dehydrogenase
enzyme 205f
challenge test 65
concentration 64
in urine, tests for detection of 26
tolerance test 435
Glycoprotein, Rh associated 391
Glycosylated hemoglobin test 435
Goiter 161
Goitrogens, exogenous 163
Goodpasture's syndrome 56
Graft-versus-host disease 428
Gram-negative diplococci 122
Gram-positive diplococci 122
Granularity index 225
Granulocytic cells 206t
Granulomatous disease, chronic 379
Granulopoiesis, stages of 206f
Gravid segments 136
Ground itch 134
Guaiac test 435
Guillain-Barré syndrome 100
Gunther's disease 370
Gut endocrine cells 150
H
Hamster egg penetration assay 191
Headache, postpuncture 101
Hektoen enteric 137
Helmet cell 436
Helper-inducer T cell marker 378
Hemagglutination tests 283
Hemarthrosis 350
Hematological tests 212
Hematolymphoid neoplasms 382t
Hematopoietic cells 267
Hematopoietic tissue 267
Hematoxylin and eosin 56
Hemighost cell 434
Hemiglobincyanide method 229
Hemocytometer 234
Hemodilution, acute normovolemic 406
activity of 140
carries oxygen 227
casts 38
color scale 229f
D Punjab disorders 305
derivatives 227
E disorders 306
indications for 227
fecal immunochemical test for 141
fetal 379
reference ranges for 204t
S, solubility test for 318
synthesis 370
variants 227
Hemoglobinemia 428
Hemoglobinopathies 240
Hemolysates 319
acquired 317
detection of 216
differential diagnosis of 252f
evaluation of 318f
macroangiopathic 312
Hemopericardium, traumatic 116
Hemophagocytic syndrome 268
Hemorrhagic manifestations 289
Hemosiderin 33
Hemostasis
disorders of 350
physiology of 340
primary 340
screening tests for 350
secondary 340
specific tests for 356
Henle loop 44
Hepatic fibrosis, markers of 73
Hepatic lesions, focal 84
Hepatic lipase 88
Hepatobiliary disease 80
Hepatocytes 71
Herpes simplex virus 126
Herpes zoster 290
Heterophie antibodies 435
Heterozygous state 413
Hexagonal phase phospholipid test 365
Hexokinase 205
Hh blood group system 387
High low packed cell volume, causes of 233
High packed cell volume 233
High protein diet 7
High-frequency alloantibodies 417
High-molecular weight kininogen 342
High-performance liquid chromatography 319
High-sensitive cardiac troponin assays 96
Hirschsprung disease 171
Hirudin therapy 360
Histidine loading test 435
Histoplasmosis 125
Homocysteine 364
Homovanillic acid 437
Horned cells 250
Horseradish peroxidase 380
Housekeeping procedures 14
Human albumin solutions 424
Human leukocyte antigens 207
Human pituitary gland 402
Hydrocele 284
Hydrosalpinx 185
Hydroxyapatite 120
Hypercalcemia, familial 19
Hypergranular variant 376
Hyperinsulinemia 60
Hyperlipidemia, primary 89t
Hyperprolactinemia 182
Hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly syndrome 277
Hyperventilation 404
Hypoaldosteronism, hyporeninemic 55
Hypocalcemia 60
Hypochromic red blood cells 224
Hypo-osmotic swelling test 435
Hypoplasia, congenital 182
Hypothalamic failure 184
Hypothalamus secretes gonadotropin releasing hormone 178
Hypothermia 425
Hysteroscopy 184
I
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 268
Immune hemolysis 71
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura 344
Immunity 208
Immunohistochemical markers 382t
Immunological platelet counting 242
Immunophenotypic profile, typical 335f
In vitro fertilization 185
Inadequate skin disinfection 214
Inadvertent brachial arterial puncture 404
Indicanuria 19
Indirect immunofluorescence 283
Inflammatory bowel disease 195
Inflammatory disorders 194
Injury, cholestatic 83f
Insulin 58f
action 60
hypoglycemia test 148
major actions of 58b
metabolic actions of 58
pump 63
resistance syndrome 61
secretion, absolute deficiency of 59
tolerance test 435
Intermediate density lipoprotein 87
Interstitial fibrosis 180
Intestinal bacterial flora, reduction of 31
Intestinal infection 136
Intestinal mucosal cells 150f
Intestinal parasites, diagnosis of 137t
Intra-abdominal venous thrombosis 366
Intracerebral bleeding 350
Intracranial pressure, raised 101
Intracytoplasmic myeloperoxidase, detection of 379
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection 185
Intraluminal filling defect 367
Intramuscular hematoma 350
Intrauterine insemination 185
Intrinsic pathway 342
Inulin clearance test 435
Iodameba butschlii 131
Iohexol clearance test 48
Ionized calcium analysis 6
Ionizing radiation 255
Irradiated red cells 422
Ischemia, symptoms of 96
Islet autoantibodies 66
Islet cell transplant function 63
Isocoproporphyrinogen 373
Isomorphic red blood cells 36f
Isoniazid 125
Isopropanol precipitation test 435
Ito cells 71
Ivy's method 351
J
Jamshidi bone marrow biopsy needle 270f
causes of 73
cholestatic 81
classification of 74t
differential diagnosis of 29f
hepatic 74
investigation of 76f
obstructive 31
physiologic 74
posthepatic 74
prehepatic 74
types of 76t
Jejunal contents, culture of 154
Jod-Basedow phenomenon 162
K
Kallmann's syndrome 182
Katex test 288
Kell antigen system 398
Keratocytes 250
Ketonuria, causes of 27
Ketosis 62
Kidney
azotemia 51
biomarkers 52
percutaneous 56t
injury, acute 55
neoplasm 55
structure of 43
tubules, physiology of 45f
Kikuchi's disease 194
Kleihauer-Betke acid elution technique 310
Klima and Salah bone marrow aspiration needles 270f
Klinefelter's syndrome 181f
Kostman's syndrome 255
L
Lactulose breath hydrogen test 151
Lamblia 132
Lamellar body count 174
Laparoscopy 184
Laxative abuse, tests for 155
Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase 88
Leder stain 435
Leede-Rumpel test 434
Leishman stain powder 247
Leucapheresis 405
Leucine crystals 42
Leukocyte 379
adhesion deficiency 379
alkaline phosphatase
reaction 333f
score 435
analysis 378
count, raised 288
esterase test 34
numerical abnormalities of 254
poor red cells 422
Leukocytospermia 187
Leukoerythroblastic reaction 254
Levey-Jennings chart 12f
Leydig cells 178
Licensure 13
Liddle syndrome 44
Light-emitting diode 124
Liley's graph 435
Limb of Henle 44
Lipase 435
Lipemic blood 229
Lipoprotein 86
classification of 89f
disorders 89
classification of 88
lipase 88
major 87t
metabolism 87
disorders of 86
molecule 86f
very low-density 86
Litmus paper test 21
Livedo reticularis 366
Liver
biliary cirrhosis of 89
adequacy of 84
handling of 84
laparoscopic 85
percutaneous guided 85
processing of 84
types of 83
cell 79f
carcinoma 197
alcoholic 84
etiologic diagnosis of 81
nature of 81
excretory function of 73
infiltrative diseases of 80
metastases 197
necrosis, massive 79
stiffness 73
transplantation 84
Low packed cell volume, causes of 233
Lugol iodine test 30
Lumbar vertebrae, spinous processes of 269
Lundh meal 157
Lundh test 435
confirmatory tests for 365
Lupus erythematosus cell 232f
Lupus pleuritis 113
Luteal defect 177
Luteinized unruptured follicle 182
Lymph index 225
Lymphadenopathy, persistent 428
Lymphangitis 284
Lymphoblasts 256
Lymphocytopenia 256
Lymphocytotoxicity test 435
Lymphohistiocytosis, hemophagocytic 268
Lymphoid
cells 377f
leukemias, suspected chronic 268
leukemoid reaction 256
progenitor 202
tissue
disorders of 291
mucosa-associated 207
Lymphoproliferative disorders, chronic 253
Lysed capillary blood method 285
Lysed venous blood method 285
Lytic agent 225
M
Macroamylasemia 158
Macroangiopathy 63
Macrocytes 249
Macrosomia, fetal 60
Macrovascular disease 63
Mad cow disease 402
diagnosis of 283t
differential diagnosis of 278
morphology of 281f
nucleic acid sequences of 283
rapid diagnostic test for 282f
self-diagnosis of 282
severe 279t
transmission, unstable 275
Mantle cell lymphoma 336
Mantoux test 435
Marrow
fibroblasts 267
particles, cellularity of 272
specimens
examination of 271
processing of 271
types of 267
Massive transfusion 428
Masson trichrome 84
Mast cell markers 378
Mastectomy 5
Mastocytosis, systemic 148
Maturation arrest 180
McConkey's agar 107
Mean corpuscular volume 7
Mean platelet volume 221
Meckel's diverticulum 293
Megakaryocytic lineage 327
Mental retardation, severe 171
Mentzer index 435
Mesothelioma 110
Metabisulfite test 436
Metabolic disorders 254
Metabolic syndrome 61
Metabolic waste products, excretion of 43
Metarubricyte 203
Metastatic malignancy 240
Metastatic mucinous adenocarcinomas 110
Methemalbuminemia 316
Methylene blue 247
Mexican hat cells 250
Microaggregates, formation of 406
Microcytes 249
Microhematocrit capillary tubes 233f
Microsporidia 133
Microvascular disease 63
Milky fluid 114
Milwaukee shoulder 119
Molecular genetic analysis 358
Monoblast 206
Monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition diseases 336
Monocytic lineage 327
Mononucleosis, infectious 256
Monospot test 436
Moraxella catarrhalis 122
Morphological sperm forms, abnormal 190f
Morula-like appearance 133
Mosquito cycle 277
Mosquito vector 289
Motile trypanosomes 106
Motulsky dye reduction test 436
Mouth cells 250
Mucin clot test 118
Mucosa, disorders of 152
Mucosal biopsy 152
Muddy-brown casts 436
Multiple myeloma 194
Multipotent stem cells 202
Mutagenic chemicals 14
Myalgia 195
Myasthenia gravis 208
Mycoplasma pneumonia infection 288
Myelodysplastic neoplasms, classification of 331t
Myelosuppressive therapy 238
Myocardial cells 94
Myocardial ischemia, changes of 93
Myocarditis 96
Myoglobinuria 33t
N
Naïve B cell, mature 207
Nasogastric tube 147
Natural anticoagulants, deficiencies of 367
Nausea 404
NBT-PABA test 157
Necator americanus 134
Necrozoospermia 187
Needle-stick injury 215
Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia 345
Neonatal isoimmune neutropenia 255
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome 174
Neoplastic disease 195
Neoplastic plasma cells, quantification of 339
Nephritic syndrome 39b
Nephrocalcinosis 19
Nephropathy, membranous 56
Neubauer chamber, platelets in 243f
Neurocysticercosis 136
Neutropenia 255
function, evaluation of 379
granulation, degree of 225
hypogranulation of 253
polymorphonuclear 252
stages in maturation of 206t
Newton's rings 235
Nigrosin 188
Nitrazine test 176
Nitrite test 33
Nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction test 436
Nitroprusside reaction, classic 28
Noncellular casts 38
Non-fasting lipid profile 90
Non-megaloblastic macrocytosis 260
Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction 92
Non-thyroidal illness syndrome 164
Normal mature plasma cells, detection of 339
Normozoospermia 187
Norovirus 143
Northern blot 436
Nuchal translucency 172
Nuclear chromatin 131f
Nucleic acid testing 411
Nutritional deficiencies 293
O
O’Sullivan's test 65
Obstruction, lymphatic 158
Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia 187
Oligozoospermia 187
Oliguria 18
Oocysts 132
Oral anticoagulants, tests affected by 367
Oral cavity 291
Oral contraceptive therapy 365
Oral iron therapy, response to 295
Orthotoluidine test 32
Osler's nodes 196
Oval cells 71
Ovalocytes 250
Ovarian disorders 185
Ovarian dysfunction 182
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 184
Oxygen binding low molecular weight protein 96
Oxyhemoglobin method 230
P
Pain, abdominal 135
Pancreatic acini 155f
Pancreatic arylesterase, test for 157
Pancreatic insufficiency 152
Pancreatic juice, composition of 156b
Pancreatic lipase, deficiency of 141
Pancreozymin 156
Pancytopenia 195
Pandy's test 105f
Pap smear 175
Para-Bombay blood group 388
Paracoagulation test 436
Paragonimus 126
Parotitis 158
Partial thromboplastin time 342
Parvovirus B19 291
Patau syndrome 171
Paternity testing 399
Paul-Bunnell-Davidsohn test 436
Peak acid output 147
Pediatric diarrhea 128
Pelger-Huet cells 253
Pelvic abscess 196
Pentagastrin stimulation 146
Pentagastrin test 436
Pericardial fluid 116
Pericardiocentesis, indications for 116
Periodic non-stress test 311
Peritoneal adhesions 185
Peritoneal fluid 113
Perl's stain 272
Persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis 256
Phenothiazines 255
Pheochromocytoma 60
Philadelphia chromosome 436
Phlebotomy, therapeutic 407
Phosphatidylglycerol 174
Photoelectric methods 227
Photomultiplier tubes 376
Pincer cell 436
Pinocytosis 160
Pinworm eggs 135
Pituitary failure 184
dyscrasia, suspected 268
establishing clonality of 339
gate 376
leukemia 336
markers 378
myeloma, immunophenotyping of 339
quantitation of 337
containing bag 421
frozen 423
potassium 6
proteins 341
transfusion of 390
transport proteins 175
Plasmablastic lymphoma 291
Plasmacytoma 336
Plasmapheresis 405
Plasmodia 280t
activation 379
adhesion 341f
analysis 379
concentrate 422
automated 221
calculation 243
methods of 242b
disorders 344
inherited 358
distribution width 221
evaluation of 357b
formation, stages of 208f
fraction, immune 221
function 357
analyzer 352
glycoprotein
analysis of 357
antigens 329
histogram 222
abnormal 222f
normal 220f
lumiaggregometry 358
neutralization test 365
interpretation of 226
poor citrated plasma 353
receptors, deficiency of 379
size 257t
transmission electron microscopy 357
Plesiomonas 137
Pleural cavity 109f
appearance of 110
chemical examination of 112
collection of 110
examination of 110
glucose level 111
pH 112
triglyceride 112
Pleural tuberculosis, diagnosis of 112b
Pneumonic plague 125
Polyagglutination 397
Polyclonal gammaglobulinemias 338t
Polycythemic blood 246
Polydipsia, psychogenic 54t
Polymyalgia rheumatica 194
Polysaccharides 150
acute neurovisceral 371f
classification 369
clinical characteristics of 371t
clinical features 370
congenital erythropoietic 370
cutaneous 373t
erythropoietic 370
fluorescence 372
Porphyrins, tests for 372
Positive chemical test, evaluation of 33f
Positive tau protein 108f
Postanalytical errors 8
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis 286
Post-kidney azotemia 51
Potassium oxalate 214
Potential antibody-directed therapy 378
Poultry products 128
Povidone iodine 403
Prediabetes 61
Pre-erythrocytic schizogony 275
Pregnancy 80
and lactation 402
early diagnosis of 168
loss, recurrent 177
morbidity 177
normal 169
termination of 170
tests 168
types of 169
Preterm labor 173
Primitive stem cell markers 327
Proerythroblast 203
Proficiency testing program 12
Progesterone, estimation of 183
Proglottids 136
Proinsulin 58f
Prolonged bleeding time, evaluation of 352f
Promonocyte 206
Pronormoblast 203
Prorubricyte 203
binding disorders 161
C 364
deficiency of 364
resistance, activated 363
deficiency of 363
electrophoresis 107
estimation of 24
heat test for 23f
losing enteropathy 142
quantitative estimation of 24
reagent strip test for 24f
S deficiencies 364
Proteinuria 24t
evaluation of 26f
grading of 24f
mechanisms of 22b
overflow 22
prerenal 22
tests for detection of 23
tubular type of 23
Proteolysis 160
Proteolytic enzyme pepsinogen 144
Prothrombin complex concentrate 424
Prothymocyte 207
Prussian blue stain 33f
Pseudoappendicitis 128
Pseudocasts 38
Pseudogout 119
Psoriasis, severe 402
Pulmonary angiography 368
Pulmonary artery Doppler study 175
Pulmonary embolism, diagnosis of 368
Purple urine bag syndrome 18
Purpura fulminans 366
Pyelonephritis, acute 34
Pyloric part 144
Pyloric stenosis 146
Pyrazinamide 125
Pyrogenic cytokines 193
Pyrogens, exogenous 193
R
Rabies vaccine 402
Radioisotope test 141
Radiolabelled agents, clearance of 47
Radiolabelled isotopes, clearance of 49
Rapid rat test 170
Reactive cells 377
Reaven's syndrome 61
Rebuck skin window test 436
abnormalities 350
agglutination of 395
apheresis 405
autoagglutination of 434
basophilic stippling of 434
components 421
enzyme 204
defects 316
indices 259
large clusters of 308f
lysis of 375
size and shape of 249f
storage lesion 406b
suspension 422
Red diaper syndrome 19
Reheated rice syndrome 128
Reiter's cells 119
Renal function 175
Renal glycosuria 28f
Renal proteinuria 22
Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome 344
Reproductive system, male 178
Reptilase time 436
Reticular cells 267
Reticular dysgenesis 255
Reticulin fibers 267
Reticulocytopenia 240
Reticulocytosis 240
Reye's syndrome 78
Rh antibodies 392
Rh hemolytic disease 310f
Ribbon-like stool 129
Ribonucleic acid 238
Richter's syndrome 334
Riedel thyroiditis 163
Robertsonian chromosomal translocation 171
Romanowsky-Giemsa effect 247
Roth spots 196
Round cells 190
Roundworm 133
Routine stool culture, culture media for 139t
Rubriblast 203
Rubricyte 203
Rumpel-Leede capillary fragility test 434
Ryle's tube nasogastric 147
S
Sahli's acid hematin method 228
Sahli's method, disadvantages of 228
Sahli's pipette 228
Saline lock 5
Schizocyte 436
Schizogony 275
Schumm's test 436
Schwachman-diamond syndrome 300
Sclerosed veins 5
Sedimentation techniques 129
Semen
indications for 186
terminologies in 187b
variables of 187t
biochemical analysis of 191
collection of 187
examination of 192
liquefaction of 178
presence of 192
reactive oxygen species 187
volume 186
Seminal vesicles 186
Serous body fluids, examination of 109
Serous pericardium, visceral layer of 116
Serum alanine transferase 80f
Serum alpha-fetoprotein 176
Serum aminotransferases 79
Serum amylase, evaluation of raised 158f
Serum anti-Müllerian hormone 184
Serum ceruloplasmin, low 435
Serum C-peptide 66
Serum creatinine ratio 52
Serum free light chain assay 337
Serum gamma-glutamyl transferase 80
Serum iron 294
Serum lipase 158
Serum myoglobin 95
Serum protein, total 77
Serum triglycerides 90
Serum troponin 95
Serum tube 213
Sexual act, dysfunction of 182
Sexual cycle 277
Sheehan's syndrome 182
Sheep blood agar 137
Shock, development of 277
Sickle hemoglobin, ssolubility test for 319f
Sickling disorders 304
Sickling test 316
Sideroblasts 273
Siderocytes 273
Silver methenamine stain 125f
Simmond's disease 182
Sims-Huhner test 436
Skeletal anomalies 171
Small bowel mucosal disease 158
Small lymphocytic lymphoma 336
Smudged cells 436
Sodium
artefactual elevation of 213
fluoride 214
fractional excretion of 53
lauryl sulfate method 230
loading test 436
urinary concentration of 53
Solubility test 436
Southeast Asian ovalocytosis 278
Spectrophotometry 102
Sperm
concentration
method 188
principle 188
microscopic examination for 192
morphology 189
normal 189b
motility 188
method 188
principle 188
viability 188
method 188
principle 188
vitality 188
Spermatozoon 189
Spermmar test 190
Spherocytes 250
Spin crossmatch 418
Spinal needle 101
Spinnbarkeit test 183
Splenic aspirate, examination of 287
Splenic lymphoma 336
Splenic marginal zone lymphoma 336
Spondyloarthropathy 119
Sporadic pregnancy loss 177
Sporogony 277
Sporozoites 132
Sputum 434
collection methods 123t
cytological examination of 126
Gram's stained smear of 122f
induction of 121
sample, unacceptable 122f
smear 123
examination of 123
Stable malaria transmission 275
Stain, removal of 247
Staphylococcus aureus 138
Steatorrhea, evaluation of 153f
Stein-Leventhal syndrome 182
Stem cell collection 405
Sterile tube 117
Sternal tenderness 195
Sternum 269
Steroid hormones, catabolism of 71
Still's disease 194
Stomatocytes 250
Straw-colored transudative fluid 110
String test 135
Stroma 267
Strongyloides stercoralis 134
Subepithelial electron-dense deposits 56
Submucosa 130
Suprapubic aspiration 17
Supravital stain 239f
Swollen red cells 36f
Syncope 404
Syndrome X 61
collection of 117
composition of normal 117
functions of 117
laboratory examination of 118
proteins 119
types of crystals in 120t
Synovial membrane 117
T
T lymphocyte 207t
Tachycardia 194
Taenia solium, egg of 136f
Takayasu's arteritis 194
Tallquist hemoglobin chart 228
Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 437
Telangiectasia, hereditary hemorrhagic 344
Telescoped urinary sediment 436
Tense ascites 84
Teratogenic chemicals 14
Teratozoospermia 187
Testes 186
Testicular microlithiasis 180
Tetra-iodothyronine 159
Tetrazolium linked cytochemical method 437
Thiosulphate citrate bile-salt sucrose 138
Thoracoscopy 113
Thrombin receptor blocker 360
Thrombocythemia, essential 333
acquired 365
diagnosis of 367
testing
general principles of 367b
indications for 367
limitations of 367
tests for 366
Thromboplastin generation test 437
Thrombopoiesis 208
Thrombotic disorders, inherited 362t
Thyroid
adenomas 162
antibody testing, indications for 166b
autoantibodies 166
diseases 161
terminologies in 161b
dysgenesis 163
failure of 163
follicle 159
histology of 159f
peroxidise 160
Thyroid hormone 159
binding proteins, disorders of 161b
biosynthesis of 159
functions of 159
metabolism of 160
production, regulation of 160f
Tibia 269
Ticlopidine 402
Toluidine blue stain 327
Total iron binding capacity 294
Total porphyrins, test for 372
Toxoplasmosis 196
Transvaginal ultrasound 174
Transvenous liver biopsy 85
Traumatic lumbar puncture 102t
Traumatic tap 105
Traveller's diarrhea 128
Trichomonas vaginalis 38
Triiodothyronine 165
Trisodium citrate 213
Tropheryma whipplei 152
Trophoblastic disease, gestational 170
Tropical eosinophilia 255
Trypanosomes 257
Tubal block 185
Tubeless gastric analysis 148
Tuberculin test 435
Tuberculous pleural effusion 113
Tubular fibrosis 180
Tubular function 53
Tubular necrosis acute 53t
Turbid fluid 114
Turk cell 437
Turner's syndrome 182
U
Ultrasonography 182
Umbilical stump bleeding 350
Uninucleate cyst 131f
Unlyzed red cells 223
Upshaw-Schulman syndrome 345
Urease-Berthelot reaction 51
Uric acid crystals 40
Urinary indicant, test for 154
Urinary pH, measurement of 22
abnormal 41t
bilirubin 77
chemical examination of 21
crystals 41t
examination of 16
glucose 26
ketones 28
myoglobin in 32f
organisms in 37f
osmolality 54
physical examination of 18b
preservatives 17
sample
collection of 16
random 24
sediment 35f
examination 35
staining of 33f
turbid 19t
urobilinogen, usefulness of 29f
Urinothorax 110
Uropathy, obstructive 110
Uterus 182
V
Vagina 192
Vaginal cytology 183
Vagotomy 145
Vanillylmandelic acid 437
Varicella 402
Vas deferens 186
Vascular disorders 350t
Vascular endothelial growth factor 337
Vascular thrombosis 177
Vasectomy, check effectiveness of 192
Vasovagal attack 404
Venepuncture site 211
Venepuncture, complications of 212
Venous thromboembolism, diagnosis of 368b
Vicia graminea 386
Villous adenoma 129
Villous lymphocytes 336
Vim-Silverman liver biopsy needle 83f
Visual appearance 187
Visual methods 227
Vivax infection 281f
Voluminous rice water diarrhea 128
Vomiting 404
Vorapaxar 360
W
Wafer cell 435
Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia 336
Warm antibodies 413
Waste products 127
Weibel-Palade bodies 340
Westergren method 262
Westgard multirules 13t
Wharton's jelly 215
Whipple's disease 152
Whole blood 420
activated clotting time 360
donation, single 420
donors, types of 400
transfusion 422t
Widal test 437
Wiener and Fisher-race systems 392t
Wiener theory 391f
Willis-Ekbom disease 294
Wintrobe hematocrit tubes, anticoagulated blood-filled 232f
Wolff-Chaikoff effect 163
Wound healing, defective 350