A
A waves, abnormalities of 4
Abbott's pressure wire 445f
Abdomen 19
Abdominal aorta 540
Abdominal aortic aneurysm 394
Abdominal pain 148
Abdominal surgery 257
Abiotrophia species 157
Ablation systems, second-generation 210
Abundant intimal inflammatory cells 548
Academic cardiologists 261
Acid-fast bacilli 162f
Acquired emphysema 45
Acquired right ventricular outflow tract obstruction 11
Acrocyanosis 44
Actinobacillus 157
Actinomycetemcomitans 157
Activated partial thromboplastin time 258
Acupuncture 128
Acute cardiovascular syndrome 218
Acute coronary syndrome 59, 109, 111, 199, 202t, 228, 255, 262, 317, 325, 345, 362, 369, 395f, 426, 442, 454, 456, 461, 481, 487, 517, 517t, 520, 540, 547, 561, 570, 574f, 576, 583, 588, 593, 466, 469, 498, 576, 600, 605
diagnosis of 58
intervention 576
percutaneous coronary intervention 498
treatment of 498
Acute myocardial infarction 58, 99, 133, 172, 364, 415f, 502, 505, 506f, 536, 553, 554t, 556f, 557t, 560, 568, 571f, 589, 605, 612, 622
complications of 558fc
interventions 502
management 553
setting 133
treatment of 522
Acute pulmonary embolism 592
diagnosis of 218
management of 218
risk assessment of 223
symptoms of 220
Adaptive servo ventilation 173
Adenocarcinomas 161
Adequate cardiac output 619
Admixture physiology 45
Adrenergic ganglion blocking drugs 116
Adult population 11
Advanced glycation end products 351
Advanced life support 224
Adventitious sounds 69
Adverse pregnancy, history of 401
Aerobic activity, moderate-intensity 475
Afterload-reducing agents 104
Agatston method 94
Agitation 617
Aldosterone-to-renin ratio 126
Aldosteronism, primary 126
Alkaptonuria 85
Alternate-day dosing 375
Alternative therapy, need for 152
Alzheimer's disease 449
Ameliorate metabolic syndrome 128
Amlodipine 593
Amyloidosis 456
Anacrotic pulse 6
Anaerobic metabolites 504
Anatomical signs 25
Ancillary pharmacotherapy 492
Anderson–Fabry disease 456
Anesthetic drugs 224
cause of 454
equivalent 111
symptoms 520
mechanism of 111
occurrence of 433
stress-induced 454
typical 432
Anginal chest pain 455
Angiocardiography 304
Angiographic catheters 298
Animal cells 193
Ankylosing spondylitis 547
Anomalous origin 15f
Anorexiant medications 99
Anteroapical rupture 566t
Antibiotic strategy, appropriate 157
Anticardiolipin 229
Anticomplementary therapy 514
Antidepressants 124
Antihypertensive drug therapy 211
Anti-integrins 627
Anti-mitochondrial antibody 490
Antinuclear antibodies 293
Antiretroviral agent 370
Antithrombotic regimen 320
Antithrombotic treatment, mechanism of action of 594f
Anti-XA therapy 614
Anti-2β-glycoprotein 229
Aortic angiogram, descending 301f
Aortic annulus, measurement of 91
Aortic area 70
Aortic atherosclerotic disease 394
Aortic override 31f
assessment of 86
hemodynamic classification of 85
history of severe 95
low-flow 86
moderate 89f
natural history of 86
noninvasive assessment of 85
prevalence of 197
severity 88f
supravalvular 166
systolic murmur of 101
closure 166
epidemiology of 197
fistula 5
flow 95
orifice 89
replacement, surgical 265
restricted 88
Aortoarteritis, nonspecific 135
Aortopulmonary communications 73
Aortopulmonary window 11
Apelin 242
Apical ballooning syndrome 273
Apical four-chamber view 140f
Apical septum 301
Apical wall motion abnormality 612
Apnea-hypopnea index 173
Apoptosis 540
Arch 23
Arrhythmogenic substrate 352
Arterial and venous pressure 207
Arterial compliance 271
Arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation 224
Arterial stiffening 351
Arterial thrombosis 292
Arteriolar vasodilation 351
Arterioles 437
applications of 77
based electrocardiography 78
challenges of 81
current state of 81
future of 81
history of 76
principles of 77
use of 79
wider application of 82b
Asana 278
Asbestosis 45
Ascending aorta, leftward 26
Ascites 234
Aspergillus species 160
Aspiration 493
absence of 579
dose of 492
free antiplatelet therapy 461
plus warfarin 202
resistance 467
response 467
treatment 466
Asymmetric dimethyl arginine 475
Asymptomatic latecomers 529
Atherogenesis 351
Atherogenic dyslipidemia 416
Atherogenic lipids 358
Atheroma components 382
Atheromatous plaque 384f
leading, role in 548
multi-ethnic study of 381
pathophysiology of 355
prevention of 368
regression of 476
risk factors of 368
risk scores 406
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease 343, 355, 358, 361, 368, 374, 387, 390, 390fc, 394, 397, 399, 400, 402, 406, 409, 449, 450, 472
cause of 355
prevention of 355
risk assessment 357
risk of 357
Atherosclerotic lesions 383
Atherosclerotic process 355
Atherothrombotic vascular events 199
Atretic tricuspid valve 39
Atria 353
Atrial appendage, juxtaposition of 24
Atrial fibrillation 65, 78, 93, 100, 105, 116, 117, 141, 167, 170, 172, 214, 253, 264, 319, 396, 549, 550, 576, 578, 579, 581f, 598, 614
absence of 199
after cardiac surgery, prevention of 550t
care 79
history of 271
postoperative 551
Atrial myxoma 73
Atrial septum, assessment of 37
Atrial switch, after 14
Atrioventricular block 68
Atrioventricular defects 311
Atrioventricular dissociation 65
Auscultatory alternans 65
Auscultatory gap 7
Autoimmune processes 272
Automated ECG interpretation 77
Automated oscillometric blood pressure measurement 7
Autonomic dysfunction 293
Autonomic imbalance 7
Autotitrating positive airway pressure 173
Avibactam 159
Aztreonam 158
Azygos vein 313f
B
Bacteremia 162
Bacteria 187
Bailout therapy 492
Balloon atherectomy, cutting 386
Balloon dilatation 154f
Balloon floatation catheters 298
Balloon mitral valvotomy 139
Ball-valve mechanism 49
Bariatric medicine 449
Barium swallow 24
Baroreflex activation therapy 271
Barrel chest 19
Barth syndrome 176
Baseline electrocardiogram abnormalities 434
Batch size 77
Beats per minute 621
Becker and van Mantgem classification 555t
Becker's sign 166
Beraprost 239
Beriberi 5
Berylliosis 45
Beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis 144
Beta-lactamase 159
Bias–variance tradeoff 77
Bidirectional functional Glenn shunt 313f
Bifurcation lesions 440
Bilateral pleural effusion 562f
Bilevel positive airway pressure 173
Biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent 134
Biofluids 194
Biolimus-eluting stents 475
Biological tissue valves 146
Bioprosthetic valve degeneration 266
Bisferiens pulse 6
Bivalirudin 492
Blood
contains electrolytes 261
flow 625
glucose, fasting 281
loss, observed 200
pools 505
supply, source of 554
volume 139
variation of 261
Blood pressure 3, 6, 54, 121, 123, 124, 127, 205, 219, 224, 225, 279, 281f, 349, 350, 358, 398, 418, 563, 592
checkups, regular 368
control, benefits beyond 213
cuffless 262
ambulatory 214f
elevated 410
history of high 368
level 122
measurement, inaccurate 125
normal 410
recording 3
reduction 350f
sensitivity of 418
Boerhaave syndrome 59
Bone morphogenetic protein 244
Bovine pericardial valves 146
Brachial artery 283
Brachial vein, left 307f
Bradyarrhythmias 116
Bradycardia 592
Bradykinin 473
Brain stroke, prevention of 549
Branched-chain amino transferase 195
BRAVE-2 trial 531
Breast cancer 342
Breathing 58
Bridging agent 252
Bridging antiplatelet therapy 256
Bridging glycoprotein 256
Bridging strategy 256
Broken heart syndrome 273
Bromocriptine 99
Bronchial situs 24
Bronchitis, chronic 45
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 46
Budd–Chiari syndrome 117
Buddhist meditation 278
Bupropion 400
Burkholderia pseudomallei 157
Bypass surgery 568
C
Cabergoline 99
Cachexia 117
Calcific aortic valvular stenosis 363
Calcifications, types of 380
Calcified plaque, signature of 382
Calcium 127
antagonists 602
arc, center of 382
around aortic valve 25
blockers 183
elevated 381
nodule 385
Caloric restriction 127
Canagliflozin 128
Candidemia, delayed resolution of 162
Capillary 437
filling time 46
fragility, test for 7
leakage following reperfusion 504f
rarefaction 504
Cardiac abnormalities 369
Cardiac anomaly, incidence of 24t
Cardiac arrhythmia 576
Cardiac axis 9
Cardiac causes 115
Cardiac computed tomography 177
Cardiac crux, internal 41
Cardiac damage, biomarkers of 352
Cardiac disorders 176t
Cardiac dysfunction, presence of 178
Cardiac dyspnea 114
Cardiac index 245
Cardiac intervention, sign of previous 27
Cardiac malformations 26
Cardiac malignant deposits, secondary 560
Cardiac malpositions 24
Cardiac metabolism 195
Cardiac mortality 472
Cardiac murmurs 161
Cardiac muscle stretch 407
Cardiac shunts 307
Cardiac silhouette, enlarged 25
Cardiac specific troponin 589
Cardiac status, detecting 76
Cardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection 35f
Cardiac transplant 555
Cardiac tumors, primary 560
Cardiac valves 169
Cardiobacterium hominis 157
Cardiogenic pulmonary edema 114
Cardiometabolic conditions 293
Cardiometabolic risk, reducing 413
Cardiomyocytes 504
Cardioprotective agents 330
Cardioprotective properties 415
Cardioprotective therapies 326f
Cardiovascular clinical manifestations 292
Cardiovascular complication 171f
Cardiovascular disease 121, 170, 171, 185, 186, 192, 205, 274, 277, 293, 341f, 349, 361, 377, 396–401, 405, 406, 413, 415f, 449, 452, 454, 520, 525, 547, 548, 549t, 576
applications of 194
development of 279
management of 283
meditation for 281
epidemiology of pollution-induced 186
nature of 186
risk factors for 414
secondary prevention of 547
types of 214
Cardiovascular disorders 3
Cardiovascular manifestations, long-term 293
Cardiovascular outcomes 475
Cardiovascular protective agents 330
Cardiovascular silhouette 22
Cardiovascular societies 396t
Carey coombs murmur 73
Carina shift 440
Carotid bifurcations 540
Carotid bulb 129
Carotid sinus stimulation, effects of 129
Carpopedal spasm 7
Caspofungin 162
Catabolic pathway 195
Catabolize 192
Cathepsins 541
Ceasing cigarette smoking 369
Cefazolin 161
Cefepime 158
Cefiderocol 160
Ceftolozane 159
Ceftriaxone 158
Cellular necrosis 505
Cellular proliferation 339
Central cyanosis 44
Central executive network 280
Central pulmonary arteries 20
Central venous pressure 5
Cerebral angiogram 154
Cerebral embolism 110
Cervical cone biopsy 253
CETP gene 341
Chain amino acids 195
Chemotherapeutic agent 370
Chitra mitral tilting disk 152f
Chitta vritti nirodha 278
Chlorthalidone 122
Cholecystitis 59
Chordae tendineae rupture 99
Choussat criteria 313t
Chromosomal locations 339
Chronic diseases 283
Chronic obstructive pulmonary
vascular disease 135
Cigarette smoking 381
Cingulate cortex, anterior 280
Cirrhosis 5
Classic peripheral stigmata 157
Clinical cardiac examination 87
Clinical probability, assessment of 220
Clonidine patch 128
absorption 468
bioactivation 468
platelet inhibition 465
plus aspirin 134
response, deceased 469
responsiveness 468
Close cardiac diagnoses 64
Cloxacillin 161
Coagulation cascade 200f
Coagulation profiles 281
Coarctation stent 28f
Cobra catheter 298
Coconut oil 416
Coenzyme 385
Coexisting anomaly, characterization of 37
Cohort studies 372
Colchicum autumnale 547
Colcot trial 549
Colistimethate 159
Collagen turnover 548
Collateral flow 26
Colonic polypectomy 253
Color Doppler flow imaging 618
Combination therapy 244
Communicable disease 337
Communication, abnormal 309f
Community 402
Comorbid lifestyle factors 327
Comorbidity 214
Competitive athletes 351
Complement pathway inhibitors 627
Complementary therapy, role of 281
Computers 57
Concomitant P2Y12 inhibitor 580
Cone-beam CT 230
Congenital coronary artery fistula 74
Congenital emphysema 45
Congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt 308
Congenital heart defects 175
Congenital hypoplasia 207
Connective tissue disorders 161
Consciousness, loss of 115
Conservative management 178
Conservative therapy 607
Conservative treatment, role of 564
Constrictive pericarditis 6
Contemporary cardiology 54
Continuous noninvasive techniques 7
Contraception 235
Contrast nephropathy, risk factors for 535b
Convex left heart border 24f
COPPS POAF sub-study 550
COPPS-2 trial 550
Coronary anatomy 301
Coronary anomaly 14
delineation of 37
blockages 262
blood flow 437
bypass 519
bypass graft 106, 253, 317, 427, 441, 452, 472, 484, 518, 523, 550, 566t, 576, 583, 485, 586, 591, 626
surgery 599
circulation 175
dominance 568
involvement of 516
nonostial left main 439
occluded right 512f
proximal right 573f
single 616
surgery study 433
Coronary artery disease 56, 60, 80, 69, 99, 106, 109, 110, 121, 170, 172, 177, 199, 262, 264, 265, 325, 340f, 343, 344f, 380, 409, 427, 431, 433t, 439, 444, 449, 452, 453, 472, 484, 535, 547, 549, 576, 591
history of 370
malignant 364
management of 133
prevention in 325
risk factors for 588
risk stratification of 380
significance of 427
stable 431
treatment of 431
Coronary artery dissection
natural history of spontaneous 516
pregnancy-associated spontaneous 517
prevalence of spontaneous 517t
treatment of spontaneous 518
Coronary atheroma 500
Coronary bypass grafting 265
Coronary cath lab 439
Coronary computed tomography angiography 480
Coronary cusps, right and left 88
Coronary ectasia 583
Coronary endothelial function 475
Coronary intervention 583
Coronary lesions, calcified 386t
Coronary magnetic resonance angiography 584
Coronary microcirculation 456
Coronary microvascular
causes of 457f
classification of 452t
extent of 453f
endothelial dysfunction 472
syndromes 447
Coronary pressure, resting distal 443
Coronary risk prediction tools 338t
Coronary stenosis 281
Coronary stenting 320
Coronary vasculature 437
Coronary vasospasm 481
Cor-pulmonale 5
Corrigan's pulse 6
Corrigan's sign 166
Cortisol 280
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 157
Counterclockwise loop 13f
Counterpulsation, enhanced external 459
Coxiella burnetii 157
Creatine phosphokinase 372
Critical valvular pulmonary stenosis 50f
Culprit vessel 535
Culprit-only lesion 599
Cushing's syndrome 126
Cut pigtail catheter 298
cardiac cause of 47t
hematologic causes of 46
metabolic causes of 46
neurological causes of 46
provokes erythrocytosis 297
respiratory cause of 47t
hemodynamic classification of 48t
Cyanotic heart disease 304
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate 467
Cyclopentyltriazolopyrimidines 467
Cyclosporine 124
CYP2C19 LOF alleles 469
CYP2C19-negative 468
Cysteine residues 473
Cytosolic calcium 243
D
Daggett technique 555
Dapagliflozin 270
Daptomycin 161
Dasatinib 244
David technique 555
D-dimer testing 221
de Musset's sign 166
De-escalation, unguided 134
Defective autophagy 387
Degenerative calcific valve 165
Dehydration 115
Dehydroepiandrosterone 242
Delayed activation wave 574
Deoxygenated blood 45
Deoxyribonucleic acid 370
Device-guided slow breathing 128
Dharana 278
Dhyana 278
absence of 132
diagnostic criteria for 398t
management 330
mellitus 46, 80, 122, 133, 264, 277, 283, 317, 357, 381, 390, 398, 399, 435, 521, 523, 588, 591, 596, 601
uncontrolled 389
presence of 132
treatment of 450
Diabetology 449
Diagnostic testing strategy 458fc
Dialysis, duration of 381
Diametric stenosis 427
Diaphoresis 517
Diaphragm, position of 19
Diastolic sounds 167
Dicrotic pulse 6
Dietary modification 327
Dietary quality 189
Dietary salt restriction 127
Diet-heart hypothesis 414
Diffuse ectasia 584f
Diffuse fibrosis 353
Digoxin 235
Diluted thrombin time 258
Dipeptidyl peptidase, inhibitors of 244
Direct stenting 495
Direct thrombin inhibitors 597
Disability, years lived with 413
Disability-adjusted life years, number of 413
Discharge, risk stratification on 599
Disease-modifying therapy 627t
Disequilibrium 342
Disopyramide 459
Disparity 525
Distal pulmonary arteries 234
Distal vessel 494
Diuretic therapy 104
Downstream stenosis 440
Doxazosin 128
Dual antiplatelet therapy 199, 202, 252, 255, 256, 316, 319, 328, 461–464, 466, 576, 578, 580, 584, 594, 595, 598
advent of 612
duration of 461
score 316
shortened duration of 461
short-term 463
Dual drug therapy 247t
Dual pathway inhibition 199
Dual-chamber pacing 184
Ductal dependent systemic circulation 42
Ductus arteriosus 37
Duke treadmill score 434
Duroziez's sign 166
Dynamic auscultation 101
Dynamic resistance exercise 350
Dysautonomia 7
Dysfunctional energy 502
Dysrhythmia 291
E
Ear lobes 44
Early reperfusion therapies 553
Ebstein's severity 41
Ebstein's syndrome 311
Echinocandins 163
Economic burdens 405
Eco-nutritional diseases 189
Ectopic beats 116
Edge-to-edge clip plays 105
Ehlers–Danlos syndrome 518
Eikenella species 157
Ejection sounds 68
Electrical conduction 260
Electrical device implantation 258
Electrolyte abnormality, detection of 79
Electronic nicotine delivery system 400
Electronic stethoscopes 55
Elizabethkingia endocarditi 158
Embolic protection device 495
Embolized thrombus 155f
Embryology 175
Emergency
balloon mitral valvotomy 142f
department care 104
medical service 600
procedures 258
surgery 151
toxicology 621
End organ failure, absence of 555
Endocardial ischemia, role of 175
Endogenous neurohormonal systems 236
Endogenous triglycerides 389
Endomyocardial biopsy 274
Endomyocardial morphogenesis 175
Endothelial shear stress 474
Endothelial turnover 541
Endotheliocytes 504
End-stage heart disease 278
Endurance exercise, chronic 353
Enoxaparin 492
Enterobacteriaceae 163
Enterococcus faecalis 157
Environment and cardiovascular health 185
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 221
Eosinophilic endomyocardial disease 178
Eosinophilic myocarditis 177
Epicardial flow indices 443
Epicardial spasm 444
Epicardial stenosis severity, overestimation of 437
Epicardial tissue 482f
Epicardial vessels 437
Epicardium 483f
Epidermal growth factor 243
Epigenetic changes 288
Eplerenone 122
Erb's palsy 46
Erectile dysfunction 449
Ergotamine 99
Erosion 540
Esophageal rupture 59
Esophagus 24
Estimating coronary flow directly 443
Estradiol 241
Estrogen 218
Ethical disparities 521
Everolimus-eluting stent 542
enhances 326
chronic 351
concurrent 353
damage previously normal heart 352
effects of 352f
electrocardiography 432
intolerance 117
stress testing, current status of 431
testing 103
types of 349
Exertional dyspnea, symptoms of 273
Exogenous hormone 518
Extensive disease 162
Extra virgin olive oil 415
Extracardiac disease 575
Extracardiac structure 19
Extracellular edema 514
Extracellular matrix 472
Extreme kyphoscoliosis 45
F
Fabry's disease 85
Factors influencing vascular tone 473f
False lumen 517
Familial hyperlipidemia 472
Fast-myocardial infarction program 532
Fats in oils, composition of 416t
Fatty liver 449
Felodipine 593
Femoral artery, superficial 155f
Fibrinopeptide A 200
Fibrotic transformation 230
Figure of eight 23f
Film, exposure of 19
First diagonal branch 572
First medical contact 606
First septal branch 572
Fistula 28f
Flail mitral leaflet, partial 99
Flash pulmonary edema, acute 619
Flexible stenotic valve 166
Florid pulmonary edema 617
Flower myocardial infarction trial 134
Flow-limiting obstruction 425
Fluorodeoxy glucose 490
Flushing 238
Fluvastatin 359
Food additives 192
Foot, soles of 44
Force, volume, and tension, causes of 5
Fosfomycin 159
Fourier trial data 389
Framingham heart study 271
Free thyroxin 126
Free-fatty acids 392
Friedrich's sign 5
Frontopolar prefrontal cortex 280
Fungi 160
G
Gallavardin phenomenon 166
Garlic extract 385
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry 193
Gastritis 517
Gastroesophageal reflux 517
Gastrointestinal bleeding 593
Gastrointestinal conditions 59
General cardiology 119
General supportive measures 235
Genesis and timing 64
Giant cells, multinucleated 274
Gibson's murmur 73f
Glenn shunt 39
Global left hemodynamic load 93
Glomerular filtration rate, dysfunction-reduced 381
Glucagon-like peptide 328
Glucocorticoids 627
Glucose
challenge test 544
disorders 381
insulin-potassium infusion 514
metabolism 214
tolerance 279
Glycemic index 420
G-protein 242
Groundnut oil 416
Guanfacine 128
Guillain–Barré syndrome 46
GUSTO bleeding 316
Gut microbiome 195
Gynecological bodies 401
H
Hair and skin, poor quality of 419
Hammer pulse 166
Healed plaque rupture 382
Healthy diet 327
Healthy food 328t
Healthy lifestyle 186
ailments of 110
catheterization, left 618
dilated 27f
healthy 416
rupture, risk of 561
strong 402
team 558
univentricular 39
Heart failure 47, 67, 80, 102, 105, 116, 122, 132, 170–173, 177, 194, 195, 213, 269, 270, 291, 292, 405, 449, 453, 455, 456, 503f, 509f, 520, 521, 523, 524, 532, 554, 578, 602, 608, 623, 625
decompensated 178
advanced 271
diagnosis of 116
etiology of 77
events, reducing 133
left-sided 141
management of 411
manifestations of 141
medications 272
refractory 508f
risk of 186
severe 607
signs of 100
taming 132
trials in 132
vasodilator 270
Hematologists 252
Hemi vertebra 19
Hemodynamic
causes 147
guided management 133
information 260
insignificant shunt 555
instability 272
suspected pulmonary embolism 228
measurements 238
parameters 262
stabilization 226
support 555
Hemopericardium 555f
Hemorrhagic bleeding, nonintracranial 608
Hemostatic causes 147
Hepatic adjustment 201
Hepatic aminotransferases 237
Hepatic lipase progressively hydrolyze triglycerides 376
Hepatic vein congestion 117
Hepatocytes 374
Hepatology 449
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia 45
Hess's tourniquet test 7
Heterogeneous mixture 185
Hexosamine biosynthesis pathway 195
High output states, causes of 5
High thrombotic risk 254
Histoplasma species 160
Holosystolic mitral regurgitation murmur 102
Holt-Oram syndrome 19
Home sleep apnea test 170
Homograft cadaveric valves 146
Honey-combing pattern 49
Hospital readmissions 270
Host-exam trial 463
Hounsfield unit 382
Human atheromata 542f
Human environment 187f
Human immunodeficiency virus 400
Human monoclonal antibodies 372
Hydralazine 128
Hydrochlorothiazide 385
Hydrogen 193
Hydrolyze penicillins 158
Hydrostatic mechanisms triggers 350
Hydroxyestrone 241
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy 514
Hypercapnea 172
Hypercoagulable state 147
Hyperdynamic states 69
Hyperechoic tissue, superficial 383f
Hyperemic medications, elimination of 442
Hyperemic microvascular resistance 458
Hyperglycemia 588
Hyperhomocysteinemia 589
Hyperinflation, unilateral 49
Hyperinsulinemia 588
Hyperlipidemia 588
Hyperoxia test 46
Hyperparameters 77
Hyperparathyroidism, secondary 384
Hypertension 5, 116, 126, 171, 205, 237, 253, 264, 277, 280, 283, 350, 368, 381, 397, 449, 454, 521, 523, 588, 591, 622
arterial 372
causes of secondary 126t
classification of 398t
clinical 129
early stages of 280
episodic 7
exercise pulmonary 234
intracpulmonary 306f
isolated systolic 398
management of 121
masked 7
mediated organ damage, assess for 126
mild-to-moderate 210
orthostatic symptoms with 7
primary 368
radiance 212
renal denervation for 129
resistant 122
screen for secondary 125
secondary 121
stop 127
symplicity 210
systolic 123
targets of 398t
whitecoat 7
Hyperthyroidism 126
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy 116
Hyperviscosity 147
Hypocapnia 220
Hypokalemia 115
Hyponatremia 115
Hypoproteinemia 117
Hypovolemia 228
Hypoxemia 172
Hypoxia, correction of 226
Hypoxic coagulation necrosis 616
I
Iatrogenic coronary microvascular dysfunction 456
Idarucizumab 258
Iliofemoral arteries 540
Iloprost 239
Imatinib 244
Immune modulatory 243
Immunoglobulin G 490
Immunomodulatory agents 514
Impella 620
Incident cardiomyopathy, detection of 79
Indapamide 128
Index angina 112
Infarct exclusion technique 619
Infarct inclusion technique 619
Infarcted tissue 561
Infectious disease 187
Inflammatory bowel disease 342
Inflammatory diseases, acute 161
Inflammatory mediators 243
Inflammatory metabolic hypothesis 271
Inflammatory substance 548t
Inflation-deflation cycles 514
Inhibits thrombin 597
Initial anticoagulation 225
Initial upfront combination therapy 246
Inotropes 620
Inotropism 593
Inspiratory increase 5
Instantaneous wave-free ratio 442
Intact interventricular septum 14
Intensive care unit, prolonged 557
Interheart risk score 337
Internal body states 280
Internal carotid artery, right 153f
Interquartile range 213
Interrupt anticoagulation 252
Interrupting sedentary spells 419
Interstitial lung diseases 45
Interventional cardiology 81
Interventional therapy 239
Interventricular septal rupture 553
Intimal hyperplasia 454
Intimal-luminal interface 382
Intracardiac thrombosis, extent of 495
Intracoronary Doppler 484
Intracoronary nitroglycerin 481
Intracoronary thrombolysis 492
Intraprocedural bleeding 252
Intravascular lithotripsy 385
Intravenous fluid 562f
Intravenous infusion 257
Intravenous unfractionated heparin 225
Invasive hemodynamic indices 438
Invasive management 178
Invasive methods 475
Invasive nonhyperemic indices 441
Invasive procedure, timing of 599
Inversion-recovery gradient echo 183
Irreversible injury 502
Ischemic electrocardiogram 457
Ischemic episodes 599
Ischemic syndromes, strategies for 550
Isoleucine 195
Isometric handgrip exercise 128
Isometric resistance exercise 350
Isosorbide mononitrate 128
Isotretinoin 370
J
Jaundice 110
Jaw pain 239
Joint replacements 218
Jowar flour 420f
Judkins right catheter 298
Kaplan–Meier survival curves 428f
Kerley's A line 22f
Keto diets 415
Kingella species 157
Kussmaul's sign 5
L
Labetalol 128
Landolfi's sign 166
Large electronic health data, analysis of 125
Large thrombus burden, management of 491fc
Laryngomalacia 45
Late diastolic murmurs 73
Late gadolinium enhancement 625
Left intercostal space 48
Left obtuse marginal branches 569
Left upper sternal border 48
Left ventricle 31, 37, 39, 48, 70, 72, 106, 300, 302, 304, 305, 307, 312, 503, 505, 506, 509–513, 554, 558
double outlet 48
ejection
fraction 622
performance 94
end-diastolic volume 622
systolic
dysfunction 91
function, abnormalities of 103
thrombus, prevention of 613
Left ventricular
apical aneurysm 181
dysfunction 627
measurement of 91
ejection time 261
end-diastolic
end-systolic
volume 627
free wall rupture 553
geometry 624
hypertrabeculation 178
presence of 433
noncompaction 175
benign 176
dilated 176
outflow tract 86
pseudoaneurysm 557
pulsus alternans 6
systolic dysfunction 92f
detection of 78
Left-axis deviation 52
Leg pain 238
Legionella species 161
Leptin's effect 283
Lesion
intermediate 437
nonflow-limiting 425
nonprimary 440
primary 440
reduction, coronaries for 385
severity alone 425
Lethal injury 503
Lethal reperfusion injury 533
Leucine 195
Levocardia 9
Life, literature to 420
Light transmission aggregometry 468
Linoleic acid 415
genes 340
goals 358
management 361
measure 357
metabolism 391
parameters 357
peroxidation 283
screen for 359
targets 357
management 330
measurement of 362
mediates calcific aortic valvular stenosis 363
molecules 389
pathogenicity of 362
Liquid nitrogen 194
Loading dose 499
LODOCO1 trial 549
Loop diuretics therapy 178
Loudness 65
Low immunity 419
Low thrombotic risk 254
Low transaortic flow 95
Low-density lipoprotein 279, 336, 337, 355, 356, 361, 364, 371, 391, 392, 399, 400, 402, 415, 472, 490, 520, 548
atherogenic risk of 389
atherogenic risk of 389
interpretation of 390
treatment goals of 358t
concentration 363
oxidized 490
reduction 498
Lower cardiovascular events 614
Lower limb fractures 218
Lower mortality 591
Lower total cholesterol 371
Lowered aspirin efficacy 467
Low-fat carbohydrates 416
Luminal stenosis 439
Lung 235
diseases 233
fissures 22
hypoplasia 45
increases 302
scintigraphy 222
transplantation 245
vascularity, evaluation of 20
Lupus anticoagulant 229
Lutembacher syndrome 74
Lymphocyte counts 293
Lysosomal acid lipase 376
M
Magnetic resonance angiography 222
Maintenance therapy, chronic 465
Malassezia restricta 160
Malondialdehyde concentration 283
Marantic endocarditis 161
Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics 193
Massive pulmonary embolism 219
Maternal mortality 266
Matrix metalloproteinases 541
Mean arterial pressure 124
Means–Lerman scratch 69
Mechanical alternans 6
Mechanical cardiopulmonary support, use of 224
Mechanical heart valves 266
Mechanical support devices 620
Mechanical thrombectomy 494
Mechanical ventilation 224
Mechanistic genetic pathways 341
Mederi 277
Mediastinitis 59
Mediastinum, superior 19
Medication adherence 211
Mediterranean fats 414
Menopause 401
Mental status, altered 224
Mental stress, constant 588
Meropenem 160
Mesenteric infarction 177
Metabolic derangements 114
Metabolic equivalent 349
Metabolic flexibility 194
Metabolize 192
Metaiodobenzylguanidine 126
Metal electrodes 468
Metalloproteinase blockers 627
Metanalysis 266
Methemoglobin 46
Methysergide 99
MGuard stent 495
Micrognathia 45
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor 376
Microtubule depolymerization 549
Microvascular dysfunction syndromes 452
Microvascular spasm 444
Mid-cavitary hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy 181
Mid-muscular defects 555
Mid-ventricular
hypertrophy 183f
obstructive cardiomyopathy, management of 184
severe 183f
muscular apposition 182
obstruction 181
Milking effect 481
Mill wheel murmur 69
Mind-body therapies 277
Minerals 192
Minnesota coronary experiment 414
Mitigate edema 505
calcium uniporter 243
metabolic dysfunction 243
oxidative stress 387
reactive oxygen species 195
superoxide dismutase 474
Mitophagy 387
Mitral annulus 98
Mitral bileaflet valve 147f
Mitral damage, left 92
Mitral intervention 153
Mitral prosthesis 149f
Mitral regurgitation 65, 67, 69, 70, 98, 100f, 105, 107, 139, 143f, 167, 168, 263, 266, 554, 558, 627
chronic
compensated 98
decompensated 99
severe secondary 106fc
clinical approach to 98
complications of 107
etiology of 107
percutaneous treatment of 106
etiology 99
etiology 99
chronic primary 105fc
surgical treatment for secondary 105
treatment of 106
affects, closure of 65
annulus, calcification of 99
clefts 99
degenerative 99
distal to 25
double-orifice 107
fenestrations 99
morphology 104
orifice area 139
pathology, aggressive 264
replacement 104
M-mode echocardiography 618
Modern electronic stethoscopes 55
Modern-generation surgical valves 146
Molecular imaging 613
Molecular mimicry 293
Monoamine oxidase 124
Monoarthritis 137
Monocyte chemotactic protein 362
Monogenic risk factors 339
Morbidity, cause of 401
Morphine 592
Morphogenetic protein 380
Morphology matching 541
Müller's maneuver 168
Müller's sign 166
Multicentric trials, absence of 288
Multidisciplinary team 558
Multidrug-resistant Candida auris 163
Multidrug-resistant strains 160
Multifactorial disease 540
Multiple thrombus 584f
Multivessel disease 536
Muscular symptoms 375
Musculoskeletal disorders 59
Mustard oil 416
Mycobacteria, rapidly-growing 162
Myectomy 273
Myocardial blood flow 455
Myocardial cell 503
Myocardial contractility 236
Myocardial deformation 532
detection of 505
natural history of 511
pathogenesis of 504
reduction of 514
reperfusion-induced 504f
Myocardial energetics 627
Myocardial flow, absence of 511f
Myocardial forms, primary 175
Myocardial free wall rupture, types of 554f
Myocardial heart disease 110
Myocardial infarction 58, 59, 113t, 114, 122, 133, 177, 186, 200, 271, 281, 293, 315, 320, 337, 341f, 358, 375, 386, 394, 425f, 428f, 440, 441, 453, 466, 490, 495, 508, 520, 533, 542, 553, 555f, 560, 568, 572fc, 578, 584, 591, 600, 608f, 616, 619f, 622, 626
acute
anterior 510f
anterior 505f
bleeding, thrombolysis in 315
causes of 516
first episode of 616
inferior 555
inferolateral wall 562f
pathophysiology of acute 520
phenotypes of acute 507f
risk of 472
risk score 113
very low incidence of 425
Myocardial reperfusion injury 502
Myocardial response 265
Myocardial revascularization 626
Myocardial swelling 505
Myocardial thickening, abnormal 506
Myocardial tissue characterization 95
Myocardial water content, infarct-related 507f
Myonecrosis 375
Myopathy 375
Myositis 375
N
N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline 125
Nasal cannula, high-flow 223
Natural cell death 540
Nebivolol 592
Negative concordance 9
Neointimal hyperplasia 386
Neo-spiritual movements 278
Nephrectomy, bilateral 207
Nephrology 449
Nephropathy 435
Neural network 77
Neural receptors 206
Neurohormonal blockers 626
Neurohormonal imbalance 627
Neurohormonal regulation 242
Neurosurgical emergency procedures 258
Neutropenia 176
New aldosterone antagonists 129
Newer therapeutic agents 392
Newer therapies 628
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate 474
Nicotine 369
Nicotinic acid 365
Nilotinib 244
Nitrogen 193
Nitroprusside 492
Nonatherosclerotic disease 518
Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis, diagnosis of 162
Noncontrast echocardiography 182
Non-cytochrome P450 375
Nondihydropyridine derivatives 592
Nonhepatic gamma-carboxyglutamic acid 380
Nonhypertrophied left ventricular 454
Noninfectious disease 160
Noninsulin dependent 317
Noninvasive anatomical imaging 432
Noninvasive functional imaging 431
Noninvasive ventilation 224
Nonischemic cardiomyopathy 291
Nonmyocytes 623
Nonobstructive thrombus 154
Nonocclusive technique 7
Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction 622
Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia 172
Nonsystem delays 530
Nonthrombotic pulmonary embolism 220
Nonvalvular atrial fibrillation 578
Noonan's syndrome 168
Normal curvilinear density, absence of 23
Norwegian guidelines 397
Nosocomial endocarditis 158
Notched rib, bilateral 19
N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide 590
Nuclear cardiology 79
Nuclear magnetic resonance 415
Nuclear radiopharmaceuticals 625
Nuclear scan, abnormal 425f
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 549
Nutrition 449
Nutritional habits 371
O
Obstruction 625
Obtuse marginals 569
Occluded artery trial 531
Occluder devices 619
Odyssey alternative trial 375
Ointment 592
Olive oil 416
Omega-6 415
Omnicarbon tilting disk valve 151f
Onyx ONE trial 462
Oozing rupture 565t
Opiate addiction, history of 592
Optical coherence tomography 543
Optimal antiplatelet 320
Optimal coherence tomography 383
Optimum medical therapy 429
Oral antiplatelet drugs 593
Oral colchicine 599
Oral factor Xa inhibitors 597
Oral therapy 247
Oral vitamin K antagonist, dose-adjusted 319
Organic acids 192
Orifice area, effective 146
Orlistat 126
Orthostatic hypotension 115
Oscillatory wall shear stress 480
Osler's maneuver 7
Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome 45
Osteocalcin 380
Osteopontin 380
Osteoporosis 449
Osteoprotegerin 381
Ostia 440
Ostium secundum 10
Outflow tract obstruction 36
Outlet chamber, left-sided 24f
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest 81
Oxidative phosphorylation 474
P
P wave 9
Pacemaker, temporary 296
Palm oil 416
Pan-systolic murmur 48
Parachute mitral valve abnormality 99
Paradoxical embolism 220
Paradoxical jet flow 182
Paraganglioma 126
Parasites 187
Parasitic disease 187
Parasternal heave 49
Parasternal long axis 88
Paravalvular leak 146
Paraventricular nucleus 206
Parenteral anticoagulation 225
Paris bleeding score 317t
Paroxysmal bouts 124
Paroxysmal phenotype 282
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia 116
Partial anomalous pulmonary drainage 25
Passive apical left ventricular vent 620
Patches 592
Patent arterial duct 11
Pathological cell death 540
Patient's mothertongue 109
Peak metabolic equivalents 377
Pedal edema 116
Pediatric dyslipidemia, treatment of 372
Pelacarsen 365
Peptides 192
Percutaneous coronary, guidelines for 530
Percutaneous device, steps of 556f
Percutaneous double-orifice mitral valve repair 107
Percutaneous myocardial ablation 184
Percutaneous nephrostomy 227
Percutaneous procedures 564
Pergolide 99
Pericardial friction rub 69
Pericardial knock 67
Pericardiocentesis 253
Pericardium 561
Perindopril 330
Peripheral balloons 153
Peripheral cardiovascular system 3
Peripheral cyanosis 44
Peripheral embolism 177
Peripheral vascular disease 466
Peripheral vasculature 494
Periprocedural anticoagulation 492
Periprocedural bleeding 252
Peroxisome proliferator 392
Persistent ductus arteriosus 49
Pests 187
Pexelizumab, assessment of 554
Pharmaceutical industry 402
Pharmacoinvasive percutaneous coronary intervention 607
Pharmacologic agents, classes of 124t
Pharmacologic stress testing 432
Pharmacological intervention 371
Pharmacotherapy 328
Phenotyping, role of 466
Pheochromocytoma 126
Phlebostatic axis 3
Phospholipase, lipoprotein-associated 548
Phosphoprotein, vasodilator-stimulated 467
Phosphorus 381
Photon emission computed tomography, single 484
Physical examination 59
Physical exercise, peripheral adaptation to 351
Physiologic parameters 445
Physiological aberration 123
Phytosterols 377
Pierre Robin sequence 45
Piezoelectric crystal 211
Pigtail catheter 298
Placebo 247
Plaque
and thrombus, distal embolization of 490
calcified 385
mechanism of formation of 540
morphology 382
volume, estimation of 338
Plasma 221
aldosterone 418
d-dimer 228
glucose, random 544
insulin 420
lipids 351
troponin, elevated 223
accumulation of 489
pathway of 492
counts 293
derived growth factor 243
function analyzer 468
function testing, current place of 469
glycoprotein 489
hyperactivation 416
inhibition 469
poor plasma 468
reactivity 147
high on-treatment 467
treatment 470
Platypnea 114
Plausible molecular mechanisms 282
Pleurotus ostreatus 377
Pollutants 192
Polyarthralgia 137
Polymer technology 461
Polysplenia 20f
Polytetrafluoroethylene 585f
Pooled cohort equation 396
Poor sleep quality 124
Porcine xenograft valves 146
Positional therapy 173
Positive predictive value 432
Positive-pressure ventilation 224
Posterior wall infarction 573
Postganglionic neurons 207
PostGlenn surgery 45
Postischemic regional contractility 514
Post-myocardial ventricular septal rupture 618
Postpercutaneous coronary intervention 520
Postpericardiotomy syndrome 551
Postprandial lipemia 378
Post-pulmonary artery band 314f
Post-traumatic stress disorder 188
Postural tachycardia syndrome 292
Potassium 127
Potts shunt 240
Pranayama 278
Prazosin 116
Precapillary hypertension 22
Predators 187
Prediction tools 337t
Predilection site 540
Pre-ejection period, role of 261
Premature beats 65
Premature cardiac deaths 345
Premature deaths 335
Premature menopause 401
Pre-percutaneous coronary intervention 612
Preprocedural planning 296
Pretest probability 431
Preventive medicine 402
Previous surgery, signs of 19
Prinzmetal's variant angina 602
Probiotics 371
Procedural anticoagulation 492
Progestogen 218
Proinflammatory cells 623
Proinflammatory milieu 456
Proliferation 236
Prominent vasodilator substances 351
Prophylactic administration 599
Prophylaxis 613
Pros and cons 442
Prostaglandins 351
Prostanoids 246
Prostate biopsy 153
Prosthetic patch placement 562f
Protease activated receptor 315
Proteomics 192
Prothrombin concentrate complexes 258
Prothrombin time 258
Prothrombotic states 406
Proton-pump inhibitors 581
Provocative tests 457
Proximal isovelocity surface area 104
Pseudohypertension 7
Pseudopheochromocytoma 123
Pseudoresistance, exclude 124
Pseudoresistant hypertension, causes of 124f
Psychological ailments 58
Psychological stress, pathophysiology with 279
Psychoneuroimmunology, stress-related 282
Pulmonary angiography 222
aortic origin of 304
catheterization effectiveness 4
denervation 240
dilatation 167
dilated main 21f
endothelial cells 243
moderate 219
severe 138f
hypoplastic branch 33
infarction 59
mechanical obstruction of 230
reveal elevated 98
right descending 20
smooth muscle cells 243
systolic pressure 139
thrombus 230
Pulmonary atrioventricular fistula 27
Pulmonary blood supply 304
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure 620
Pulmonary conditions 59
Pulmonary dyspnea 114
Pulmonary ejection sound 68
acute high-risk 225t
classification of 219
emergency treatment of high-risk 228
high-risk 227t
management of low-risk 229
risk factors for 218
rule-out criteria 221
severity index 223
signs of acute 220
treatment of intermediate-risk 229
Pulmonary endarterectomy 230
Pulmonary function test 7
Pulmonary hemodynamics 244
development of 105
diagnosis of 234
hemodynamic classification of 234t
pharmacotherapy for 239t
signs of 239
symptoms of 239
treatment of 240
Pulmonary infarction 220
Pulmonary medicine 449
Pulmonary microvascular bed 230
Pulmonary obstruction 226
Pulmonary oligemia 20f
Pulmonary reperfusion 224
Pulmonary resistance, total 245
Pulmonary sequestration 45
Pulmonary trunk 23
Pulmonary vasodilator testing 236
Pulmonic atresia 39
Pulmonic valve closure 166
Pulsus celer 6
Pulsus durus 6
Pulsus magnus 6
Pulsus mollis 6
Pulsus parvus 6
Pulsus tardus 6
Pump failure, severe 273
P-wave morphology 9
Pyramidal processing 80
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 243
R
Racial disparities 521
Radiation exposure 495
Radiofemoral delay 6
Ramipril 330
Randomized clinical trials, absence of 484
Rankin scale, modified 321
Reactive hyperemia-peripheral arterial tonometry 475
Receptor tyrosine kinases 243
Recombinant tissue 226
Recording extra leads, role of 589
Recurrent ischemic episodes, prevention of 591
Red yeast rice 377
Reflux esophagitis 59
Regional wall motion abnormality 112
Regular exercise, benefits of 350f
Renal adjustment 201
Renal afferent sympathetic nerves, activity of 207
Renal angiography 209
Renal blood flow 129
Renal disease, severe 625
Renal disorder 117
Renal end-stage disease, prevention of 271
Renal etiology 381
Renal failure 382
Renal impairment 225
Renal nerve ablation 211
Renal parenchymal disease 126
Renal replacement therapy 538f
Renal transplantation 400
Renin secretion 207
Rescue thrombolytic therapy 229
Residual cholesterol risk 328
Residual risk 591
Residual shunt 556f
Residual stenosis, severe 605
Resistance exercise 353
Resistance-training machines 350
Resistant arterial hypertension 128
apparent treatment 123
causes of 130
device-based treatment of 129
epidemiology of 122
evaluation of 124
medication-related 123
pharmacological treatment of 128
prognosis of 122
treatment 123t
Respiration, effect of 5
Respiratory depression 592
Respiratory distress, severe 51
Respiratory failure 220
Respiratory movements 111
Response to clopidogrel differs 469
Restenosis, rate of 484
Resting full-cycle ratio 442
Restrictive cardiomyopathy 269
Restrictive left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy 177
Restrictive lung diseases 113
Retinal evaluation 76
Retrograde pigtail catheter 303f
Retrograde venous catheter 305f
Retrosternal chest discomfort 589
Reverse Berman catheter 298
Rheumatic cohort 197
prevalence of 136
Rheumatoid arthritis 547
Rho-associated protein kinase 242
Right acute marginal branch 569
Right dominant circulation 568
Right interventricular posterior branch 569
Right posterolateral branch 569
Right ventricular
angiogram 300f
branch 569
damage 92
dysfunction, markers of 223
failure, pharmacological treatment of acute 224
myocardial infarction 4
Right-axis deviation 52
Riociguat 239
Risk strata 224
Romano–Ward syndrome 176t
Root angiogram 301f
Rostral ventrolateral medulla 206
Rostrolateral prefrontal cortex 280
Rotational atherectomy 386
Rupture 565t
chordae tendineae 98
exclusion of 541
fibrous cap 543
lesions 544
posterolateral 566t
propensity of 561
sinus of valsalva aneurysm 74
Rytand murmur 73
S
Saline placebo 244
Sarcolemmal rupture 504f
Sarcopenia 419
SARS-COV-2 infection 294
Satherosclerotic vascular disease 200
Saturated fat 414
Sawing wood murmur 47
Scimitar syndrome 25
Sedentariness 419
Sedentary lifestyle 588
Seizures 115t
Selection biases 175
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor 124
Septal branches 569
Septal devices 620
Sequential combination therapy 246
Serial lesions 439
Serine-threonine kinases 242
Sesame oil 416
Sex hormones 241
Sex-based differences 270
Sharp pain 58
Sheart failure 551
Short polymers 417
Short stature 176
Shunt lesions 25
Sibutramine 126
Sildenafil 239
Silent ductus 74
Simmons catheter 298
Simon Broome criteria 370
Simplified pulmonary embolism severity index 224t
Single-gene mutations 335
Single-vessel disease, severe 427
Sinoatrial node dysfunction 15
Situs inversus 9
Skeletal abnormality 19
Skeletal myopathy 176
Skin discoloration 110
Sleep deprivation 123
Sleep disorders 401
Sleep testing, diagnostic 173
Sleep-endoscopy, drug-induced 173
Slow-wave sleep 124
Small mural thrombus 612
Small side branch 440
Smart-choice trial 463
Smartphones 57
Smokeless 326
S-nitrosylation 473
Social isolation 189
Sodium and water retention 207
Soft tissue 19
Solitary track nucleus 206
Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator 238
Spectral wave Doppler 618
Spinal muscular atrophy 46
Spontaneous reperfusion 505f
Stable angina, chronic 588
Stable chest pain 60
Stable heart failure 550
Standard Berman angiographic catheter 298
Standard medical therapy 549
Starr-Edwards ball-cage 154
Start dual antithrombotic therapy 580
Start statin 498
Steerable radiofrequency catheter 208f
ST-elevation criteria 569
ST-elevation myocardial infarction 453, 462, 489, 499, 520, 521, 524, 525f, 529, 532fc, 535, 537, 540, 561, 562f, 568, 588, 605, 606f, 608, 614, 616
diagnosis 492
pathophysiology of 522
reperfusion strategies 522
setting 463
trial, multivessel 134
Stenotic lesions 5
Stent 28
deferred 495
design 461
drug-coated 462
implantation 508f
restenosis 462
selection 593
risk of 580
Stenting strategy 495
Sternotomy 19
Steroids 514
discovery of 54
future of 57
parts of 55f
relevance of 54
technology
advances in 55
evolution of 55t
STOPAMI-3 531
STOPDAPT-2 462
Stream trial 607
Strenuous exercise 352f
Streptococcus viridans 157
Streptokinase 226
Stressful life events 279
Study cohort 608fc
Subclinical neuromuscular disorder 178
Subendothelial dendritic cells 541
Submassive pulmonary embolism 219
Subpulmonary edema 22
Subpulmonary stenosis 311f
Sugar and carbohydrates 416
Sugar sweetened beverages 403
Sunflower 416
Superoxide dismutase 283
Supplemental oxygen therapy 235
Supra-aortic stenosis 312f
Supraventricular tachycardia, incidence of 274
Surgery vs. transcutaneous closure 619
Surgical care 105
Surgical embolectomy 226
Surgical management 586
Surgical pulmonary embolectomy 228
Surgical therapy 484
Survival to hospital discharge 226
Switching therapy 375
Sympathetic nerve activity, levels of 206
Sympathomimetic amines 124
Sympathovagal tone 288
Syncopal episode, history of 115
Syndrome X 588
Synthetic prostacyclin 238
Systemic collateral arteries 23
Systemic endothelin antagonists 474
Systemic hypoperfusion 557
Systemic inflammatory disorders 547
Systemic metabolic alterations 244
Systemic thrombolysis 226
Systemic vein drainage 306
Systolic ambulatory blood pressure 214f
Systolic dysfunction 78
Systolic functions 176
Systolic pressure 484
Systolic pulmonary arterial pressure 105
Systolic sound, nonejection 68
T
T lymphocytes regulate monocyte activation 623
Tai chi, effect of 283
Takayasu arteritis 135
Target lesion failure 385
Taussig–Bing anomaly 34
Technical analysis 19
Technical limitations 568
Technological advances, advent of 143
Tele-electrocardiogram 530
Tension pneumothorax 59
Terazosin 116
Tetrahydrobiopterin 474
Tetralogy of Fallot 16, 27, 31, 31f–33f, 48, 48f, 49f, 51f, 52, 72, 168, 176, 299, 300, 301, 301f, 302t, 304, 309–311
postoperative 308
postsurgical 17f
Therapeutic intravascular ultrasound 240
Therapeutic lifestyle intervention 358
Therapeutic options 146
Therapeutic window strategy 469
Thermodilution technique 445
Thiazolidinedione 128
Thin-cap fibroatheromas 541
Thoracic aneurysm, descending 394
Thoracic aorta, descending 25
Thoracotomy 19
Thrombin, generation of 489
Thrombocytopenia, heparin-induced 147
Thromboelastography 468
Thromboembolic recurrence 229
Thromboembolism 177
Thrombolytic regimens 226t
Thrombotic events 579
Thrombus 613
aspiration catheter 492
disappearance of 151
formation 613
risk of 597
removal, method of 493
small 613
Thumb 19
Thyroid-stimulating hormone 126
Thyrotoxicosis 5
Tico trial 463
Tight pinhole stenosis 49
Torque-controlled catheters 298
Tortuous right internal carotid artery 153f
Total anomalous
Total cavo pulmonary connection 39
Total ischemic time 606
Total occlusion, chronic 440
Total systolic time 261
Toxins 192
Toxoplasma, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes 46
Tracheobronchial tree 20
Tracheobronchitis 59
Transannular patch 310
Transcatheter
aortic valve 106
closure 555
management 152
pulmonary valve replacement 310
therapy 627
Transcendental meditation 128
Transferrin saturations 244
Transmicrovascular fluid 505
Transthoracic pulmonary artery denervation 240
Traube's sign 166
Trauma 99
Treadmill, role of 590
Trepopnea 114
Triacylglycerolemia 378
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion 223
Tricuspid damage 92
Tricyclic antidepressant 124
Triflusal 315
Triple combination therapy 246
Tropheryma whipplei 161
Troponin, significance of 407
Trousseau's sign 7
True aneurysm 553
Tuberculosis 560
Twice-beating pulses 6
TXA2 generation 466
Typical machine learning model, development of 77fc
Tyrosine kinase 124
U
Ultrafine particles 186
Unequal saturation, cause of 49t
Univentricular atrioventricular connection 39
Unscoronary disease 462
Upfront combination therapy 246
Upfront triple therapy 247
Upper airway surgery 173
Upper reference limit 590
Upstream administration 498
Ureteral stent placement 227
Uric acid 51
Urinary routine and microscopic examination 126
Urine 126
Urokinase 226
V
Vaborbactam 160
Vaccine developmental strategies 143
Valine 195
Valvular dysfunction, acute 228
Valvular pathology 161
Valvular surgery 99
Valvulo-arterial impedance 95
Vancomycin 161
Vardenafil 238
Varenicline 400
Vascular access 296
Vascular aneurysm repair 255
Vascular end-stage disease, prevention of 271
Vascular injury 380
Vascular pedicle 23
Vascular remodeling 339
Vascular tone 473
Vasculitis 583
Vasoactive agents 457
Vasoactive intestinal peptide 242
Vasoreactivity testing, acute 236
Vasospastic angina 602
Vein, ascending vertical 36f
Velocity time integral 88
Venous thrombotic manifestations 292
Ventricular distention 589
Ventricular dysfunction 263
Ventricular dyssynchrony 590
Ventricular function 36
Ventricular relation, determination on 24
Ventricular septal defect 9, 11, 28, 30–34, 38, 45, 48, 49, 49t, 52, 69, 71, 101, 167, 300, 302, 304, 309, 618
large 21f
moderate-to-large 11
types of 33
Vertebra, fused 19
Viral myocarditis 272
Viral origin, antigens of 293
Virtual-histology intravascular ultrasound 384
Viruses 187
Vis-à-vis lesser degrees 129
Viscera, abdominal 58
Visceral situs 24
Volume conductors 261
Vomiting 617
W
Waist circumference 402
Warburg metabolism 243
Warburg phenotype 243
Waterfall right hilum 21
Wave intensity analysis 442
Weakened cell membrane 504
Weakness 520
Wearable and mobile technologies 79
Weight management 327
Wells rule 220
White blood cell, shortening of 283
White thrombus 489
Whitecoat effect 125
Williams syndrome 168
Worsened insulin resistance 418
Wrist blood pressure 7
A
Abdominal aneurysm 1260f
Abluminal drug coating 826f
Abrupt vessel closure 893
Accelerometers 1173
Accessory pathway, left-sided 1041
Accura balloon 1128
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 924
Acute coronary
events score, global registry of 850
cardiogenic shock 886
Advanced malignancies 924
Aflibercept 1236
Agatston score 854
Alanine aminotransferase 883
Alkylating agents 1236
Ambulatory electrocardiogram 1184
Anatomic variants 1252
Anatomical snuffbox 779
Anchoring balloon technique 665
Anchoring wire techniques 665
Androgen deprivation therapy 1237
Aneurysm 1259
enlargement 1249
late 656
location 1262
septum 1044
severe dissecting 1266f
types of 1260f
Angiographic ambiguity, clarifying 682
Angiographic coregistration 694
Angiotensin–Neprilysin inhibition 945
Ankylosing spondylitis 1260
Annular dimensions 1112
Annuloaortic ectasia 1009
Anomalous left circumflex artery 723f
Anomalous pulmonary venous connection, partial 1007
Antegrade balloon aortic valvuloplasty 1041
Antegrade subintimal tracking 866
Antibacterial agents 926
Antibiotic coverage 794
Anticoagulation strategies 1192
Antimetabolites 1236
Antimicrotubule agents 1236
Antithymocyte globulin 926
Antiviral agents 926
aging 1247
arch of 1266f
assist device 980
classification of 1262f
imaging 1252t
noncontrast CT of 1261
normal 1247
porcelain 1055
segments of 1248f
ascending 1248f
descending 1248f
Aortic annular ectasia 1259
Aortic annulus 1119
Aortic artery disease, nonrepairable severe 966
Aortic bifurcation 1267f
Aortic diameter 1249
acuity, type B 1249b
cardinal manifestation of 1247
chronic 1274f
classic 1247
classification of 1248f
communicating 1250t
complicated type B 1256
detection 1253
diagnosis 1247
management 1247
missed 1275
noncommunicating 1250t
previous 1274
treatment of type B 1255
uncomplicated type B 1255
Aortic gradient 1041
Aortic injury, traumatic 1247
Aortic motion artifacts 1250
Aortic pressure 799b
Aortic prosthetic valve 1098
Aortic stent graft, configurations of 1265f
Aortic surgery 1274
and root 1112
area 904
calcium volume 1059
complex, assessment of 1119
gradients 1112
hemodynamics 1112
morphology 1112
surgery 1262
Aortic wall stress 1252
Aortotomy 1274
Arch aneurysm 1260f
Arrhythmic syndrome 1154
Arrhythmogenesis, ventricular 1176
Arsenic trioxide 1222
Arterial elastance 978f
Arterial remodeling technologies 774
Artifacts 697
Artificial intelligence 850, 851, 851f, 851t, 852, 853, 855–857, 859, 860, 938, 941, 942, 942fc, 943fc
challenges of 859
concept of 850
future applications of 860
Artificial neural networks 851
Aspartate transaminase 883
Aspirin monotherapy 914
Asthma, exacerbation-prone 734
Asymmetric septal hypertrophy 1021
Atherogenesis 819
Atherosclerotic affections 1247
Atherosclerotic aortic ulcer, penetrating 1247
Atherosclerotic ostial disease, true 681
Atherosclerotic plaque 681
Atrial electrograms, complex fractionated 1192
Atrial fibrillation 657, 765, 957, 973, 1035, 1041, 1127, 1137, 1143, 1149, 1150t, 1151, 1173, 1188, 1192, 1197, 1197f, 1238
classification 1193t
nonvalvular 1035
prevention of 1149
upstream therapy of 1152
Atrial flow regulator 922
Atrial flutter, atypical left 1041
Atrial functional mitral regurgitation 991
Atrial septal aneurysm 1045f
Atrial septal wall 1052f
Atrial septostomy 1098
Atrioventricular block 1168
Atrioventricular node 1154
Atrioventricular septum 1100
Aura 1015
Autologous blood transfusion 846
Automatic calcium detection 858f
Automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator 1024
Autonomic nervous system 1177
Axitinib 1236
B
Bailout stenting 742
Balloon
atrial septostomy 1041
deflation, failure of 1137
impasse sign 1135
passage, difficulty of 834
size, selecting 1128
technique, perforated 846
uncrossable chronic total occlusion, management of 865t
use of
drug-coated 708
drug-eluting 709
Basic life support 1206
Battery depletion 1144
Behçet's disease 1274
Berlin heart EXCOR pump 922
Bevacizumab 1236
Bicuspid vs. tricuspid 1112
Bicuspidisation technique 1031f
Bifurcation coronary stenosis, non-left main 758
Bifurcation disease, complex left main 760
Bifurcation intervention 681
Bilateral femoral access 864
Binary angiographic restenosis 706
Bioabsorbable metal scaffolds 775
Bioabsorbable polymers 770
Bioabsorbable vascular stent 826f
Biodegradable polymer 825
Biologic therapy agents 1236
Biomarkers, role of 1239
Bioprosthetic valves 1072
Bleomycin 1222
Bloody pleural effusion 1249
Body surface area 1247
Bowel ischemia 904
Bradycardia 890
Branch vessel involvement 1249
Bridgepoint system 671
Bridge-to-transplant 966
Bridging therapies 922
Bundle branch block pattern 1156
Busulfan 1236
Bystander effect 1203
C
Calcific disease 864
Calcific mitral valve 1137
Calcification remodeling index 854
Calcified left main bifurcation 881f
Calcified plaque 675
Calcineurin inhibitor, postoperative 925
Calcium 694
depth and analysis 692
extent and distribution of 1112
free re-entry zone 805
identification 692
location of 1112
modifying devices 657
superficial 683
volume 854
Cannulated blade plate 722
Captopril renal scintigraphy 1244
Capture thresholds 1144
Cardiac cachexia 966
Cardiac cath lab setup 649f
Cardiac death 771
Cardiac diseases 973
Cardiac function heart failure, treatment of preserved 956
Cardiac imaging 974
Cardiac implantable electronic device 1030
Cardiac intensive care unit 883
limitations of 974
Cardiac mass 1010
Cardiac surgery, previous 1274
Cardiac sympathetic denervation 1177
Cardiatis multilayer flow modulator 1266
Cardio renal syndrome 986
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing 953
Cardiopulmonary stress testing 923
Cardiopulmonary support 903
Cardiorespiratory fitness 1150
Cardiotoxic cancer therapies 1229
chemotherapy-associated 1220
early diagnosis of 1237
fluoropyrimidine-induced 1225
management of 1224
pharmacologic approaches, treatment of 1239
treatment of chemotherapy-induced 1224
Cardiovascular computed tomography 1118
Cardiovascular damage, prevention of 1224
and cancer, shared pathophysiology of 1219
Cardiovascular disorders 1274
Cardiovascular imaging 1275
Cardiovascular monitoring 1222
Cardiovascular practice 1171
Cardiovascular problems, specific 1236
Cardiovascular toxicity 1226
Carina shift 765
Carotid stenting 1041
Casts 830
Catastrophic disorder 1272
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia 1154
Catheter 1274
advancement 1134
end-hole 1022
guiding 664
interventions 1097
right 665
technique, mother and child guiding 665
Cediranib 1236
Cell-mediated rejection 926
Centrifugal force 659
CentriMag ventriculo arterial devices 922
Cerebral adenosine triphosphate 1208
Cerebral malperfusion 1279
Cerebrovascular disease 899
Cetuximab 1236
Chamber etiology, classification based on 991
Chemotherapeutic agents 1221
Chiari network 1015
Chimney grafts 1266
Choosing puncture point 1131
Chromium 823
Chronic dissection 1274
Chronic occlusion revascularization 749
Chronic total occlusion 663, 665, 668, 669, 671, 672, 675, 706, 707, 736, 738, 745, 746b, 747fc, 749, 749t, 753t, 797, 799, 863, 864, 867fc, 914
circumflex 748
guidewires 664
intervention 680
lesion, angiogram of 868b
progress 748
recanalization 634
technical approaches for 636
revascularization 746
score 748
techniques for 878t
toolkit 663
Clofarabine 1236
Clopidogrel 1036
Coagulopathy 966
COAPT trial 1000
Coaptation enhancement, devices for 1030
Cobalt 823
Coexisting cardiac disease, detection of 1238
Collateral channels, type of 868t
Collateral surfing, guidewire for 664
Comparative stent elongation 832f
Compartment syndrome 904
Compliance barriers, severe 966
Computational fluid dynamics, concept of 853
Congenital abnormalities 1247
Connective tissue disorders 1274
Constrictive pericarditis 1012
Contemporary revascularization strategies 745
Contemporary rotational atherectomy technique 888
Continuous positive airway pressure therapy 1150
Continuous wave 1029
Conventional pacemaker, complications with 1165
Convolutional neural networks 851
Coronary access 1081
Coronary air embolism, treatment of 894b
Coronary anatomy 899
anomalous origin of 1178f
anomaly 720
percutaneous evaluation of 720
bypass
calcium 853
chronic total 638f
dissection, spontaneous 693
involvement 1249
non-left main 676
nonobstructed 700
obstruction 1079f
occlusion, total 842
perforation 673f
revascularization 1279f
right-sided anomalous 723
straight segment of 805
tree 665
Coronary artery disease 652, 674, 682, 850, 863, 900, 914, 933, 955, 1176, 1201, 1210, 1210f, 1211, 1228, 1235
disrupt 891
presence of 1210
severe 863
Coronary atherectomy, directional 888
Coronary atherosclerotic plaque development 820f
Coronary bioresorbable scaffolds 770
Coronary chronic total occlusion, treatment of 745
Coronary circulation 843
Coronary heart disease 1150
Coronary malperfusion 1279
Coronary perfusion 973
Coronary physiology assessment, role of 764
Coronary reconstruction, technique of 1279f
Coronary snare 664
Corrodible metal-based alloys 770
Creatinine 871
Crista terminalis 1100
Critical lesions 733f
Cross-clamping 1274
Culotte deployment 836f
Culotte stenting 872
Custodiol solution 926
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate 952
Cytarabine 1236
Cytotoxic chemotherapy agents 1225
Cytotoxicity, complement-dependent 926
D
Dasatinib 1236
David's procedure 1277
Debulking devices 653
Debulking techniques 709t
Decision-chronic total occlusion 747
Decompression illness 1015
Decoy receptors 1236
Deployment, mechanism of 823
closure 1138
dislodgement 904
entrapment 656
implantation, technique of 1038
migration 904
related mechanisms 772
selection 901
theatrical algorithm for 1033fc
weaning and removal 901
renal outcome in 948
Dialysis 1168
Diameter stenosis 681
Diarrhea 951
Dietary factors 1151
Diffuse plaque 868
Digital twin 938
Digoxin 1191
Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers 1225
Direct ring annuloplasty, devices for 1030
Direct suture annuloplasty, devices for 1030
Disability-adjusted life years 938
Dismantling phenomena 772
Distal limb ischemia, protection of acute 794
Diuretic refractoriness 966
Docetaxel 1235
Doppler velocity index 1075
variants of 767
Double-balloon dilatation 1062f
Double-blind stick 805
Double-vessel disease 881
Doxapram 1194
Doxorubicin 1235
Dragonfly catheter 689f
Drug regimens 893t
Drug resistance 707
Drug-eluting stent 653, 658, 679, 707, 708t, 710, 713, 732, 745, 770, 822, 817, 820, 824, 826, 827f, 839, 863, 876, 881, 913, 915, 1232
first-generation 824
second-generation 824
third-generation 758
Dual angiography 748
Dual-lumen microcatheter 664
Duplex ultrasound 1244
Durable polymer 825
Dyslipidemia 1152
Dyspnea 878
Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation 1201
E
Early elastic recoil 817
Ebstein's anomaly 973
Eccentric hypertrophy 843
Ecchymosis, simple 790
aortic root 1261
assessment, preprocedural 1110
criteria 1102
patient selection with 993
evaluation 1127
limitations of 974
role of 930
techniques of 1238
Echonavigator system 1053
Ectopic calcification, severity of 1112
Edge trauma 707
Effective orifice area 1075
Ehlers–Danlos aortic disease 1255
Elastic recoil 818
Electrical abnormalities, drugs causing 1236
Electrical cardioversion 1192
Electrical remodeling 1196
Electrocardiogram 658, 851, 852, 957, 973, 1007, 1118, 1144, 1154, 1159, 1176, 1183, 1211, 1221, 1249
contrast-enhanced retrospectively 1120f
Electroencephalogram 1057
Electrograms 1144
Electronic health records 857
Electronic medical record 857
Elevated postprocedural gradients 1084
Embolic stroke 1018
Embolization 1080
Embolized catheter tip 896f
Emerging concepts 892
Enalapril 945
Endograft surveillance 1266
Endomyocardial biopsy 1028
Endomyocardial fibrosis 1012
End-organ dysfunction, irreversible 966
Endothelial dysfunction 1220
Endothelium 843
Endovascular repair 1264t
Endovascular therapy 1256
Endovascular treatment 1264
End-stage liver disease, modified model of 924
Entry and re-entry, sites of 1249
Epicardial collaterals 644f
Epicardial coronary artery 842
Epicardial origin 1159
Epigastric artery, inferior 789
Epstein–Barr virus 1220
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate 1261
Essential chronic total occlusion 664
Ethylene-co-vinyl acetate 824
Euler-Liljestrand effect 973
Euro-chronic total occlusion 747
Eustachian valve 1015
Evidences data 778
Extended hemiarch replacement 1277
External beam radiation therapy 1232
External devices 922
External loop recorders 1172
Extracellular volume 1178
Extracorporeal mechanical oxygenation 924
Extraluminal cap 739
Extraluminal pathology 868
Extrathoracic access sites 1056
Eye 725
F
Failed antegrade attempt 866
Familial aortic dissection 1274
Familial thoracic aortic aneurysm 1260
Fantom bioresorbable scaffolds 774
Femoral access, pros and cons of 782t
Femoral puncture 1130
Femoral veins, thin 1170
Femoral-femoral bypass 794
Fenestrated endografts 1266
Fenestrated restenosis 703f
Fetal circulation 1014
Fibrinolytics 900
Fibrocalcific segement, modify 714f
Fibrosarcoma, rapidly accelerated 1237
Finet's law 763
Fistula 1114
Fixation test 1166
Flash pulmonary edema 1243
Fludarabine 1235
Fluorouracil 1236
Focal impulse and rotor modulation 1192
Focal left ventricular tachycardia 1158fc
Focused cardiac ultrasound 1276
Food and drug administration 1089
Fortunes, reversal of 772
Frailty, severe 966
Framingham risk score 850
Frank-Starling curve 977f
French transcatheter aortic valve implantation 1091
Friction, orthogonal displacement of 657
Frozen elephant trunk 1277
G
Gas bubbles 699
Gasping leaflets 995
Gastrointestinal bleeding 925
Genetic diseases 1247
Gent nosology 1273
Geometric obstruction 1083
Giant left atrium 1045
Giant right atrium 1045
Glass tubes 830
Glomerular filtration rate 982
Glutamate 1208
Gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists 1237
Gore Cardioform septal occluder 1015
Grade diastolic dysfunction 933fc
Graft anastomosis 1274
Graft stents 673
Greater saphenous vein 790
Groin access, complications of 789f
Groin hematoma 791
Groin site, infection of 792
Groin vasculature, anatomy of 789f
Growth factor, insulin-like 1229
Guide extension, use of 765f
Guillain–Barré syndrome 986
H
Healthcare costs 785
Heart failure 843, 919, 921, 930, 937, 941f, 942–945, 945T, 946, 950, 950f, 953, 953t, 956, 957t, 958, 958t, 959, 959t, 961, 976, 978, 979f, 982, 983, 986, 1149, 1150, 1179, 1219, 1235
acute 952
combination for 956f
device interventions for 921
diastolic 956
hemodynamics of 976
hospitalization 1005
inhibitor trials in 948t
medical management of 944
prognostication in 936
progressive 966
societies 928
spectrum of 930
with mortality, grades of 921
worsening 1053
bridge to 922
categories of 926
classical indications of 924
high-risk factors after 924
immunological matching before 926
Heavy calcification 904
Hemiarch replacement 1277
Hemiblock, left anterior 1157
Hemodynamic collapse 790
Hemodynamic indices 973
Hemodynamic support 864
Hemolysis 904
Heparin 790
Heparinization 794
Hepatic involvement 924
Hereditary diseases 1273
Heterotopic caval valve implantation 1032
Heterotopic trans-catheter tricuspid valve implantation 1032
HFA-PEFF score 936t
High flow signals 1250
High puncture site 790
High threshold 1170
High total ischemic burden 914
High-density lipoprotein 1152
Histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate 926
Holter monitors 1172
Homografts 1071
Honeycomb 693
Hormonal therapy 1237
Hostile iliac torn 793f
Human epicardial coronary 818
Human immunodeficiency virus 924
Human leukocyte antigen 925
Hybrid conditions 992
Hydralazine plus nitrate 945
Hydration 870
Hyper carbic respiratory failure 969
Hypercholesterolemia 1260
Hyperlipidemia 1228
Hypersensitivity 707
Hyperthyroidism 1149
Hypokalemia 1243
Hypotension 1252
Hypothermia 1208
Hypoxemic carbic respiratory failure 969
I
Idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy 1154
Idiopathic ventricular tachycardia 1154
Iliac artery, external 789
Iliac spine, anterior superior 790
Imaging guidance, procedure with 993
Imatinib 1236
Immunological match 925
Implantable atrial defibrillator 1192
Implantable cardiac devices 930
therapy 974
In vitro bench testing 836f
Inadequate vessel flushing 698
Inadvertent aortic puncture 1052
Induction therapy 925
Inflammatory affections 1247
Infrarenal aorta 1263f
Infrarenal aortic aneurysm 1268f
Initial microcatheter 866
Inotropes 978
Inoue balloon 1128
In-stent atherosclerosis development 820f
In-stent minimum lumen diameter 677
In-stent restenosis 633, 671, 677, 679, 706, 708, 712, 714, 716, 733, 754, 817, 818, 822, 856, 863, 872
classification of 818t
diagnosis of 708
incidence of 706
pathophysiology of 707
Instrument intervention 1274
Insulin resistance 1229
Interarterial course 727
Interatrial septal aneurysm 1044
Interatrial shunt device, implantation of 1041
Interventional cardiology 859
Interventional collateral vessels, absence of 748
Interventional procedures 1041
Intimal tear 1250
Intra-annular type 1095
Intracapsular pressure, increased 983
Intracardiac masses 1098
Intracardiac thrombus, exclude 1112
Intracoronary administration 893
Intracoronary imaging, role of 818
Intravascular ultrasonography 1265
Intravascular ultrasound 640, 645f, 652, 664, 674, 680, 684, 688, 692, 712–714, 716, 751, 752, 763, 794, 810, 818, 829, 831, 855, 856, 864, 866, 867, 874, 1232, 1255
catheter, use of 866f
clinical applications of 675
directed trial 677
coronary intervention, clinical evidence for 680
stent 677f
role of 1265
stenting trial 677
supplements 684
Intravenous propranolol 1252
Intraventricular conduction delay 1146
Intrinsicoid deflection 1159
Invasive cardiology, beginning of 688
Invasive coronary angiography 852
Investigational device exemption 1167
Iron-based bioresorbable 776
Ischemic heart disease 1161
Ischemic tissue 842
Isovelocity surface area, proximal 1029
Isovolumic relaxation 932
Ixazomib 1224
K
Kinase inhibitors 1224
Kissing wire technique 751
Knuckle dissection 669
Kyphoscoliosis 1047
L
Labetalol 1252
Lactic acid 771
Lake Louise criteria, modified 1009
Lapatinib 1236
Laser atherectomy 659
Last patent vessel 899
Late stent complications 679
Lateral trigone 1123
Layperson response, barriers to 1203
Lead revisions 1144
Leadless pacing system 1166
Left atrial
access, securing 1132
peak reservoir strain 930
pressure 933
strain 931
tachycardia 1041
wire orientation 1133f
Left atrium 885, 972, 980, 1028, 1040, 1045, 1046, 1046f, 1050, 1099, 1100, 1107, 1108f, 1114, 1128, 1157
borders of 1131
coil wire 1128
breakage of 1137
large 1136
open clip in 1107
peak reservoir strain 935
removal of hardware from 1136
small 1136
Left femoral artery 967
Left femoral vein approach 1137
Left internal mammary artery 1056
anomalies 725
catheter-induced 738
interventions 815
ostium 723f
stenosis 809
trifurcation
critical 812f
critical distal 810f
Left main intervention 682
Left trunk, absent 721
Left ventricular 1027
diastolic dysfunction, quantification of 932
end-systolic volume index 945
failure 965
noncompaction 1179
origin 1041
pacemaker, leadless system for 1168
size 1112
strain imaging 932
Left ventricular ejection fraction 843, 899, 944, 945, 949, 952, 953, 957–959, 961f, 982, 991, 1091, 1147, 1220, 1223, 1225
asymptomatic 1235
Left ventricular outflow tract 1041, 1060, 1065, 1066, 1075, 1094, 1112, 1113, 1120, 1139, 1155, 1156
calcification 1111
estimating risk of 1123
management of 1021
Left ventriculoarterial devices, permanent 922
Lesion
bed preparation, equipment for 664
characteristics, assessment of 682
longer 773
role of 764
related factors 772
revascularization 887
severity, assessment of 675
Life-threatening arrhythmias 1211
Limbic band, superior 1100
Lipid 692
Lithoplasty system 891f
Liver cirrhosis, moderate 924
L-mode display 690
Long occlusions 866
Lotus root appearance 693
Low puncture site 790
Lower limb malperfusion 1280f
Luminal obstruction, complete 663
Lymphomas 1220
M
Magnesium alloys 770
Magnetic resonance 1261
Main branch stent optimization 833f
Managing complications, equipment for 672
Matrix metalloproteinases 707
Matterhorn 1004
Mayo clinic risk score 871
Mechanical complications 966
Mechanical efficiency, measurements of 979
Mechanical method 939
Mechanically assisted circulatory support, interagency registry for 968
Medial tear 819
Medial trigone 1123
Merry-go-round artifact 699
Mesenteric malperfusion 1279
Metabolic equivalents 1024
Metabolic syndrome, pandemic of 1177
Metallic drug-eluting stents 770
Micra pacemaker, fluoroscopy of 1167f
Microchannels probing and crossing 665
Micro-computed tomography imaging 830
Micropuncture needle 904
MicroRNA, targeting 1197
Migraines 1015
Migration 1080
Minimally invasive transcutaneous alcohol septal ablation 1021
Mitigation strategy 1140
Mitoxantrone 1236
MITRA-FR trial 1002
Mitral balloon dilatation catheter 1129
Mitral bioprosthesis, degenerated 1041
Mitral prosthesis, paravalvular leak of 1041
Mitral prosthetic valve 1098
Mitral restenosis 1136
annulus 1156
apparatus 1127
assessment of 1123
area 995f
assessment 1106f
comprehensive 998
comprehensive 999f
dilatation of 1135
edge-to-edge repair of 1041
implantation 1051
in-mitral annular calcification 1098
pathology, classification of 993
regurgitation 1222
repair, percutaneous edge-to-edge 1098
replacement 1064
surgical 1071
Mixed plaque 675
Models and model construction materials 830
Monoclonal antileukocyte antibodies 843
Monocytic myeloid derived suppressor cell 1221
Moribund state 966
Morphology 694
Multicenter automatic defibrillator implantatio