UG Textbook of Pediatrics Piyush Gupta, Nidhi Bedi
INDEX
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table.
A
Abacavir 320, 321, 1014
ABC. See Airway, breathing, circulation
Abdomen 391, 625
acute surgical 487
examination of 483, 991
lower 906f
palpation of 275
tuberculosis of 283
ultrasonography of 287, 737
ultrasound 284
Abdominal aorta, compression of 667
Abdominal bleeding 452
Abdominal calcifications 452f
Abdominal disease 562
Abdominal distension 362, 470, 480, 484f, 490
causes of 481t
gaseous 505
Abdominal mass 452
Abdominal pain 92, 276, 478, 505, 715
anatomical correlates of 478
child with 487, 489
chronic 478, 487, 488fc, 488t
causes of 479t
organic 478
Abdominal situs, localization of 642
Abdominal tuberculosis 283
Abdominal ultrasound 502, 511
Abdominal viscera 478
Abdominal wall 478
abnormalities 452
Abdomen X -ray
bowel perforation in 452f
calcifications in 452f
double bubble in 452f
necrotizing enterocolitis in 452f
Abetalipoproteinemia 184, 925
ABO incompatibility 444, 481
Absence seizures 769
Abortion 101
cause of 341
unsafe 101
Absent anal opening 380f
Absorption, physiology of 470, 471
Abuse, signs of 969
Abusive head trauma 969
Acanthocytes 517
Acanthosis nigricans 56f
Accidental injuries 977
Accredited social health activist 63, 985
Acellular pertussis vaccine 252, 253, 330
Acetaminophen 275, 999
Acetate 462
Acetazolamide 1020
Acetylcholinesterase, phosphorylation of 962
Acetylcysteine 956
Acetylsalicylic acid 548, 999
Achondroplasia 44f, 863, 891, 892f
Acid 227, 228
Acid-base
abnormalities 229, 231
balance 227
disorders 227, 229t
evaluation of 228, 229
disturbances 729
primary 228t
equilibrium 227
function 694
imbalances 952
nomogram 228, 228f
Academia, mixed 411
Acid-fast bacilli 286
Acidemia, mixed 411
Acidosis 411, 466, 947
Acinetobacter baumannii 432
Acquired aplastic anemia 523
treatment 525
Acquired hypothyroidism 815, 817, 817b, 819
treatment 818
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 316, 520, See also HIV
Acrocyanosis 375f, 388
Acrodermatitis enteropathica 201, 203f
Activated charcoal 956
Activated partial thromboplastin time 516, 552, 554, 709
Acute abdomen 451
treatment 453
Acute abdominal pain 487, 488fc
causes of 479t
Acute appendicitis 507, 508
treatment 508
Acute asthma 618
Acute bacterial sinusitis 581t
Acute dysentery 464, 465
treatment 465
Acute encephalitis 781, 783
Acute encephalitis syndrome 781, 782b, 783
treatment 783
Acute epiglottitis 592, 593
treatment 592
Acute flaccid paralysis 793, 794fc, 795, 795t, 798
causes of 793f
Acute glomerulonephritis 291, 715, 726, 749
course of 715
Acute hemolysis 520
drug-induced 548
Acute hemolytic
anemia, drug-induced 548
episodes 548
Acute hepatitis 493, 495, 497
A 494
B 494
C 494
E 494
Acute kidney injury 455, 696, 713, 726, 729–34, 750, 952
complications of 732t
etiology of 730t
staging of 730t
treatment 731
Acute laryngotracheobronchitis 593, 594fc, 595
treatment 595
Acute liver failure 494, 495
treatment 495
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia 560, 560t, 561
treatment 560
Acute nephritic syndrome 711, 711b, 715
causes of 715
Acute otitis media 572, 577, 578, 578b, 580, 582
complications of 579
diagnosis of 578b
management of 580fc
treatment 578
Acute pancreatitis 510, 511
causes of 510t
treatment 511
Acute pericarditis 682, 683
treatment 683
Acute peritonitis, in newborn 451
Acute respiratory distress syndrome 231
causes of 312
Acute rheumatic fever 641, 641f, 675, 677, 679
treatment 677
Acute spasmodic laryngitis 591
Acute symptomatic seizure 769
Acute urticaria 898f, 900, 901, 901f
causes of 901b
Acute watery diarrhea 458–60
Acyclovir 298, 783, 1018
dosage of 783
Acyl carrier protein 192
Adaptive immunity 833
Adaptive milestones 27
Addison disease 219
ADEM. See Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Adenine 859
arabinoside 219
Adenoid hypertrophy 578, 615
Adenosine 996
deaminase 287, 778
triphosphate 205, 224, 411
Adenovirus 458, 593, 682
Adenylate cyclase toxin 328
Adjuvants 237
ADHD. See Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Adolescence
changes during 97–99
definition of 96b
growth in 7
health problems in 100
phases of 97
stages of 99t
Adolescent friendly health services 109, 110
Adolescent health center 110
Adolescent health checkup 107–9
Adolescents
health promotion in 108
immunization of 267
injuries in 106
non-communicable diseases in 106
nutrition in 102–3
pregnancy in 101
stress in 105b
substance abuse in 105
Adolescent sexuality 10
Adoption, baby for 2
ADPKD. See Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Adrenal cortex 813
Adrenal hyperplasia
congenital 887
Adrenal medulla 813
Adrenaline 997, 1019
nebulized 595
Adrenergic agonist 997
Adrenocorticotropic hormone 21, 310, 770, 812, 1006
Adreno-leukodystrophy 887
Adsorbents 956
Adriamycin 1005
Advanced life support 935, 936
Adverse event following immunization 250, 251
treatment 250
AED. See Antiepileptic drugs
AED. See Automated external defibrillator
Aedes
aegypti 300, 307, 309
albopictus 309
detection of 307
AEFI. See Adverse events following immunization
Afebrile episodes 610
Afibrinogenemia, congenital 558
Aflatoxin 211
AFP. See Acute flaccid paralysis
Ages and stages questionnaire (ASQ) 63
AIDS. See HIV
Aggregatibacter species 680
Agonal gasps 938
Air
conduction 574
pollution 604
Airborne virus 297
Air-fluid levels 506
Air-leak syndromes 422
Airway 628
and breathing, assessment of 931f
breathing 931
circulation 306, 307
compression, modes of 609f
hemangioma of 581
hyper-responsiveness 614
malformations, congenital 610, 618
newborn 422
obstruction, lower 599
remodeling 614
resistance 571
Alacrima 920
Alanine aminotransferase 300, 492
Albendazole 349, 352, 353, 357, 362, 1009
Albumin 949, 1021
ALCL. See Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
Alcohol 106
in adolescents 106
intoxication 221
Aldehyde test 348
Aldosterone 214, 224, 693
Algid malaria 341
ALK. See Anaplastic lymphoma kinase
Alkaline
diuresis 956
phosphatase 735
urine pH 228
Alkalosis 215, 227, 230
chloride-responsive 230
Alkaptonuria 887f, 888
eye findings in 927t
ALL. See Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Alleles 862
Allelic heterogeneity 881
Allergy
gape 587
immunotherapy 618
salute 586
Allergen avoidance measures 589b
Allergic contact urticaria 900
Allergic interstitial nephritis 731
Allergic line 586
Allergic reaction 590
Allergic rhinitis 584, 588t, 589, 611, 615
pathogenesis of 585fc
respiratory sounds with 588
signs of 586t
stepwise management of 589fc
symptoms of 586t
treatment 588
Allergic sensitization, testing for 617
Allergic shiners 586
Allergic urticaria 900
Allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 542
Allopurinol 1021
Alopecia 193, 201
Alpha fetoprotein 762
Alpha thalassemia 543
Alpha-1-antitrypsin
deficiency 494, 498, 611
phenotype 499
Alpha-linolenic acid 137
Alpha-thalassemia 442
clinical classification of 543t
Alpha-tocopherol level 184
Alphavirus genus 308
Alport syndrome 734, 925
ALS. See Advanced life support
ALT. See Alanine aminotransferase
Aluminum hydroxide 253
Alveolar epithelial cells 312, 569, 570
Alveoli, disorders of 599
Amantadine hydrochloride 1018
Ambiguous genitalia 381f, 698, 699f
Ambiguous vaccine-derived poliovirus (aVDPV) 255
Amebiasis 354, 355, 356
chronic 355
treatment 355
Amebic colitis
fulminant 356
Amebic liver abscess 355, 356
Ameboma 355
Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, congenital 516, 523
Amicrofilaremia, asymptomatic 351
Amikacin 284, 435, 705, 733, 778
sulfate 1000
Amiloride 1011, See also Potassium sparing diuretic
Amino acid 136, 175, 236
aromatic 470
defects of 887
essential 131, 136
metabolism defect 887
nonessential 136
replacement 556
Aminoglycoside 222, 231, 435, 1000
Aminophylline 997
Aminoquinoline derivative 1013
Aminosidine 348
Amitriptyline 219
Amlodipine 745, 1011
Ammonia 695
Amnioinfusion and tracheal suction 422
Amniotic fluid 419, 762, 1013, 1070
meconium-stained 420
Amoxicillin 546, 604, 733, 1002, 1003
Amoxicillin-clavulanate combination 436
Amphotericin 221
B 222, 998
deoxycholate 348
Ampicillin 164, 222, 435, 593, 705, 778
sodium trihydrate 1003
with sulbactam 1003
Amprenavir 320
Amrinone 949, 1019
AMS. See Antimicrobial stewardship
Amyl nitrite 956
Amyloidosis 844
ANA. See Antinuclear antibody
Anaerobic bacilli 281
Anaerobic Embden-Meyerhof pathway 547
Anaerobic glycolysis 341
Anaerobic infections 605
Anal fissure 361
Anaphylaxis 253, 259, 590, 900, 901
Anaplastic large cell lymphoma 564
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase 564
Ancylostoma
braziliense 360
caninum 360
ceylanicum 360
duodenale 360
Androgenic steroids 525
Anechoic fluid 607
Anemia 3, 102, 164, 190, 201, 320, 340, 490, 518, 520, 521fc, 522, 524, 667, 714, 732, 735, 927
classification of 519
clinical approach to 516fc
common causes of 522
dimorphic 534, 535
emergency management of 522
etiology of 519t
in adolescents 102
in AKI 733t
in CKD 735
in malaria 340
in SAM 164
investigations in 520
iron-deficiency 519, 522, 526, 527, 527f, 529, 544
laboratory approach to 521f
life-threatening 340
morphological classification of 519
myelodysplastic 523
parental counseling for 529
pathophysiology of 519
prevention of 529, 530
severe 172
type of 209, 528
Anemia mukt bharat 151, 530, 987
Anencephaly 762, 764f
Anganwadi worker 26, 152
Angelman syndrome 78, 866, 871f
Angioedema 900, 901
Angioneurotic edema 901
Angiotensin 227
receptor blockers 653
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor 224, 653, 1011, 1012
Angular cheilosis 188f
Anicteric viral hepatitis 336
Animal antisera 243
Animal foods 200
Animal milk 120
content of 120
Anion gap 228, 694
Aniridia 921
Ankylostomiasis 360, See also Hookworm
ANMs. See Auxiliary nurse midwives
Ann Arbor classification, modified 563t
Annealing 879
Annual influenza vaccine 266
Annular pancreas 452f
Anomaly, congenital 380, 703
Anopheles 337
culicifacies 337
minimus 337
Anorectal malformation 698, 699f
Anorexia 103, 193, 194
nervosa 103
treatment of 104
Antenatal breast care 122
Antenatal examination 992t
Antenatal steroids 422
Antenatal ultrasound 453t
Anterior fontanel 389, 390f
Anterior horn cells disorder 808f
Anterior rhinoscopy 574
Anthro-based nutritional assessment 143
Anthropometry 10–13
tools 143
Antiarrhythmic drugs 996
Antiasthmatic drugs 977–8
Antibiotic 217, 326, 329, 1000–5
broad spectrum 242, 440, 495
dosage of 778t
for AOM 580t, 581–2
for empyema 607
for meningitis 778, 778t
for neonatal sepsis 434t
for pneumonia 603
for urinary tract infection 704, 705t
in SAM 164
prescribing 370t
prophylaxis, intrapartum 435
rational use of 369
stewardship 436
therapy, specific 336
treatment 326
Antibody 241
anticardiolipin 841
antihyaluronidase 713
antimalarial 342
antinuclear 492, 496, 499, 709, 714, 841, 846
antiphospholipid 846
antistreptococcal 677
deficiency, primary 838
detection of 303, 317f
development of 558
fragments 956
maternal 239
monoclonal 241, 242
production of 239, 240
residual maternal 292
Anticancer drugs 523, 1005
Anticardiolipin antibodies 841
Anticholinergic drugs 996, 997
Anticholinergic toxic syndrome 957
treatment 957
Anticonvulsants 332, 1006
Anti-D globulin 555
Anti-deoxyribonuclease-B 677, 713
Antidigoxin fab 956
Antidiuretic hormone 214, 694, 1020
amount of 693
Antidote 956, 956t
Antiemetics 1008
Antiepileptic drug 3, 59, 425, 428, 773, 773t
for neonatal seizures 427
treatment 770
Antiepileptic therapy
duration of 427
Antifolate compounds 520
Antifungals 998–9
Antigen 236, 562
detection of 303, 317f
presenting cells 239, 585
Antigenic determinants 236
Antigenic diversity 339
Antigenic drift 310
Antiglobulin test, direct 550
Antiglomerular basement membrane 716
Antihelminthics 1009, 1010
Anti-hepatitis C virus 492
Antihistaminics 1010–11
Antihyaluronidase antibodies 713
Antihypertensive therapy 736, 741t, 1011–3
Anti-IgE antibody omalizumab 589
Anti-inflammatory drugs 999–1000
Anti-liver-kidney microsome 492
Antilymphocyte globulin 525
Antimalarial chemoprophylaxis 341
Antimalarial combination therapy 343
Antimalarial drugs 343
Antimicrobial resistance 369
Antimicrobial stewardship 369, 370
Antimicrobial therapy 335, 778
Antimicrobial treatment 466
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies 716
Antioxidants 175
Antipyresis, nonpharmacological 277
Antipyretic therapy, use of 275
Antiretroviral drugs 320, 321t, 1014
Antiretroviral regimens 322t
Antiretroviral therapy 122, 284, 320
Anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies 491
Antisense oligonucleotide 882
therapy 882, 882t
Anti-smooth muscle antibody 492, 496
Antisnake venom 1016
Antistreptokinase 677
Antistreptolysin O 583, 648, 709, 710, 713, 714, 716
titer, isolated positive 677
Anti-TB-drug dosages 287t
Antithymocyte globulin 525
Antitoxin 241, 242, 1016
Antitubercular drugs 287, 320
dosage of 780t
Antiviral drugs 1018
Anuria 217
Anxiety 91, 93
AOM. See Acute otitis media
Aorta
arch of 662
descending 636
Aortic arch, right 668f
Aortic component, abnormalities of 643
Aortic dissection 682
Aortic knuckle 646
Aortic regurgitation 667
development of 658
Aortic root, dilated 667
Aortic stenosis 655, 672
congenital 672, 673
critical 673f
mild to moderate 672
severe 672
supravalvular 639
Aortic valve 632, 672
balloon dilation 651
prolapse, development of 658
replacement 673, 688
Aortogram, descending 663f
Aortopulmonary window 655
APC. See Antigen presenting cells
Apert syndrome 60, 61, 451
Apex 570
beat 672
Aphasia 329
Apical diastolic murmur 663
Aplasia, drug-induced 523
Aplastic anemia 520, 523, 524f, 525
causes of 523, 524
constitutional 525
idiopathic 525
severe 525
treatment inherited 525
Aplastic crisis 545
Apnea 424
central 424
etiology of 424
mixed 424
obstructive 424
Apnea of prematurity 424
arises 424
classified 424
Apneic spells 407, 424
Apoproteins 418
Appendiceal mass 508
Appendicitis 298, 565
pain of acute 478
pathology of acute 507
Appetite 165
decreased 138
test 162b
APTT. See Activated partial thromboplastin time
APV. See Amprenavir
Aqueous humor 177
Aqueductal stenosis 768f
Arachidonic acid 137
Arachnoid villi 219
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum 583
Arm span 12
Argemone mexicana 211
Arginine vasopressin 88
secretion of 726
Ariboflavinosis 187
Arnold-Chiari malformation 768
ARPKD See Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
Arrhythmia 204, 303, 652, 684b, 810
types of 687t
Artemether 344t, 1013
Artemisinin 343
combination therapy 343
derivative 343, 344
Arterial blood 219
gas 228, 418, 509
normal values of 227
Arterial hypertension 673
Arterial ischemic infarct 759f
Arterial switch operation 688
Artesunate 1013
Arthralgia 302
Arthritis 294, 296, 298, 641, 676, 840
duration of 840
enthesitis-related 842–844
unclassified 842
undifferentiated 843
Articular complications 844
Articular pain 840
Artificial feeding, disadvantages of 116
Ascariasis 358, 359
intestinal 359
treatment 359
Ascaris 360
lumbricoides 359
Ascites 452, 501, 503, 722
neonatal 452
treatment 504
Ascitic fluid
analysis 504
examination 287
Ascorbic acid 194, See also Vitamin C
ASD. See Autism spectrum disorders
Aseptic delivery 332
Aseptic meningitis 294
ASHA. See Accredited social health activists
ASLO. See Anti-streptolysin O
ASO. See Antistreptolysin O
Aspartate aminotransferase 300, 492
Aspergillus spp. 592
Asphyxia
perinatal 413
Aspiration 618
prefeed 408
syndromes 609
Aspirin 304, 310, 438, 558, 677, 679, 999
Asplenia 267
anatomical 266
functional 266
AST. See Aspartate aminotransferase
Astemizole 1010
Asterixis 231
Asthma 231, 610, 614, 615, 623b, See also Bronchial asthma
action plan 622
acute exacerbation of 622
allergic 615
childhood 617t
control, monitoring of 619
development of 623, 624
diagnosis of 616fc, 617
differential diagnosis of 618t
early-onset 613
etiopathogenesis of 615f
exacerbation 622fc
exercise-induced 615
management
continuum cycle of 620f
long-term 623
stepwise 620f, 621f
medications for 957
nonallergic 615
pathogenesis of 614fc
prescription 623
probability of 621t
severe 589
symptoms 615t
worsening of 310
Astrocytoma 791
Astroviruses 458
Asymmetric tonic neck reflex 32f
Asymptomatic amicrofilaremia 351
Asymptomatic bacteriuria 699
Ataxia 805, 806fc
etiology of 805fc, 805t
evaluation of 805
telangiectasia 562, 564
eye findings in 927t
treatable causes of 807
treatment 807
types of 806
Atazanavir 320, 1016
Atenolol 1011
Atherosclerosis 208
risk factor for 720
Athetosis 804
Atopic dermatitis 587, 615, 912, 912f, 913, 913f
diagnosis of 913b
treatment 913
ATPase. See Adenosine triphosphatase
Atresia 505
duodenal 449, 481
intestinal 507
Atrial arrhythmias 811
Atrial enlargement 649
Atrial natriuretic peptide 214, 693
Atrial septal defect 651, 652, 655, 664–666
hemodynamics of 665f
treatment 666
Atrial tachycardia 684
Atrioventricular septal defect 655
At-risk approach
for obesity 58
Atrophy 898
Atropine 956
sulfate 996
Attachment 117
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 76, 77, 203, 211, 957
treatment 77
Autism 78
spectrum disorders 78
treatment 78
Auto-disable syringes, use of 249
Autoimmune
diseases 281
disorder 562
encephalitis 781
hemolytic anemia 498, 535, 550
treatment 550
hepatitis 481, 494, 496, 497–500
pancreatitis 511
Autoimmunity 240
Autonomic dysfunction 332
Autonomic ganglia 963
Autonomic sensory pathways 478
Autosomal dominant inheritance 862, 864f
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease 700, 701, 701t
treatment 701
Autosomal recessive inheritance 865, 865f
Autosomal recessive metabolic disorder 887
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease 700, 701, 701t
treatment 700
Autosomes, disorders of 871
Auxiliary nurse midwife 26, 152, 985f
AVP. See Arginine vasopressin
AWW. See Anganwadi worker
Axillary temperature 396
grading of 397t
measurement of 397f
Azathioprine 192, 510
Azelastine 589
Azidothymidine 1014
Azithromycin 329, 336, 368, 584, 604, 715, 1002
Azole. See Voriconazole
Azotemia
postrenal 730
B
B cell 236, 239
helper function 238
lymphoma, primary mediastinal 564
precursors 238
B lymphocyte 158
Baby foods 157
Baby friendly hospital initiative 124
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin
disease 252
vaccination 248, 288
vaccine 251, 252
complications of 252
Bacillus cereus 211
Baclofen 1021
Bacteremia 291, 583
Bacterial endocarditis 658
diagnosis of 680
Bacterial infection 298, 322, 323, 437
secondary 91, 310
serious 279
Bacterial meningitis 781
Bacterial overgrowth syndrome 471
Bacterial pharyngitis 583
Bacterial sinusitis, acute 581
Bacterial tonsillitis 584
Bacterial tracheitis 590, 593, 595
Bacteriology 286
Bacteriuria, asymptomatic 699, 703
Bad breath 97
Bad news 972
Balamrutham plus 170
Balanced diet 146
Balanced food 133
Ballard score 384f
Ballismus 804
Balloon aortic valvotomy 673
Bancroftian filariasis 351
Barbiturates 219, 958
Bardet-Biedl
affected proband 869f
syndrome 56f, 866
Barotrauma 329
Bartter syndrome 230
Basal ganglia 755
Basal metabolic rate 158
Basal-bolus insulin regime 822
Basic life support 934, 935fc, 936fc, 938
sequence of 936
Basophilic stippling 209, 518t
Battered baby syndrome 971
treatment 971
Bayley scale of infant development (BSID-IV), 64
BCG. See Bacillus Calmette-Guérin
B-complex vitamins 193
Beta-blocker. See Propranolol
Beauveria 307
Beau's lines 853f
Becker muscular dystrophy 811, 866
Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome 429
Beclomethasone dipropionate 997
Bedaquiline 288
Bedwetting. See Enuresis
Behavior 58
conditioning 88
defiant 86
Behavioral arrest 426
Behavioral assessment 80
Behavioral disorders 80–95
treatment 94
Behavioral disturbances 753
Behavioral therapy 90
Behavioral treatment 77, 88
Behçet's disease 276
Benign neonatal sleep myoclonus 426
Benzathine
benzyl penicillin 677
penicillin, single dose of 715
Benzene 524, 861
Benzodiazepine 332, 958, See also Lorazepam, Midazolam
Benzoic acid 900
Beriberi 187
dry 187
treatment 187
wet 187
Bernard-Soulier syndrome 558
Beta thalassemia 542
Beta-adrenergic agent, inhaled 224
Beta-blocker 654, 956
cardioselective 1011
Beta-carotene 146
Beta-chain, synthesis of 540
Beta-galactosidase 890
Beta-hemolytic streptococcus 711
infection 715
Beta-thalassemia 537, See also thalassemia
major, genetics of 541f
Bethanechol 958
Bicarbonate 214, 217, 229
Bile duct stricture 497
Biliary atresia 471
Biliblanket. See Fiberoptic systems
Bilirubin
beneficial role of 446
encephalopathy
acute 442f
estimation 482
forms 481
metabolism of 440, 441f
toxicity 442
BIND. See Bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction
Binge eating disorder 103
Biofortification 210
Biological agents 266
Biopsy 563
site of 498
Biotin 186, 193, 193t
deficiency 193
treatment of 193
supplementation 193
Biphasic fever 300
Biphasic wheeze 609
Biphenyls 198
Birth asphyxia 411
Birth injuries 415
Birth weight 7, 382
Bitot spot 177, 177f, 920, 924f
Bivalent HPV vaccine 270
Biventricular pacing 654
Blackwater fever 341
Bladder
bowel dysfunction 703
dysfunction 795
training exercises 89
Blalock-Taussig shunt 669
Blalock-Taussig-Thomas shunt 688
Blanket supplementary feeding programming 168
Blastema 742
Bleeding
cause of 503
diathesis 682
disorder 516fc, 551–5
family history of 515
episodes 557t
glomerular 708
neonate
diagnosis of 439t
evaluation of 438
newborn 438, 440
severe 554
site of 554
spots 493
time 551, 552
type of 551
Blepharitis 920
Blepharophimosis syndrome 920, 920f
Blindness 209
color 923
cortical 340
Blood 513–14
chimeras 869
cholesterol 188
counts 560
culture 335
gas monitoring 413
investigations 582, 648
physiology of 513, 515
products 267, 557
recipients of 267
spot, dried 317
tests 612
Blood glucose 172, 413, 438
self-monitoring of 823
Blood loss
chronic 527
severity of 554
Blood pressure 389, 413, 638, 720
appropriate 639t
control of 737
cut-off values for 275t
elevated 738
factors affecting 738
high 230
immune response 137
measurement of 739, 739t
normal 230
systolic 306, 307, 675
Blood products 557
Blood transfusion
in iron deficiency anemia 528
in thalassemia 541
Blood urea creatinine ratio 731t
Blood sugar
fasting 499
random 428
Blood urea 722
nitrogen 713, 720
Blood-borne infections 540
BLS. See Basic life support
BM. See Bone marrow
BMI. See Body mass index
BMI charts 5–18 years
boys 53f
girls 52f
Bockhart's impetigo 904f
Body building food 138
Body fluid 214t, 217
and electrolytes 213, 215
distribution of 214
Body mass index 12, 14, 51, 152, 1039t, 1040t
growth chart for 52f, 53f
percentiles 1043t
Body proportion 8, 12
Body water, distribution of 213t
Bone 625
and joints, examination of 275
biopsy 566, 567
conduction 574
mineralization of 180
Bone age 12, 45
assessment 12
Bone marrow 194, 281, 347, 521, 533, 533f, 535, 541, 561
aspiration 560, 563, 566, 567
failure 523–6
causes of 523b
hyperplasia 540
complications of 546
suppression 322
Boophilus 364
BOPV. See Bivalent oral polio vaccine
Bordetella pertussis 241, 328–330
Boron 208
Botulism 243
antitoxin 242
Bowel bladder 394
dysfunction 705
Bowel perforation 452f
Bowel retraining 90
BP. See Blood pressure
Brachial plexus injury 393f, 415
Bradyarrhythmia 684, 686
Bradycardia 303, 653, 947
Brain 295
abscess 925
lobe of 756
parenchyma 768f
tumor 231, 791
Brainstem malformations 940
Breast
abscess 121
anatomy of 112, 112f
examination 122
nodule 383, 384f
Breastfeeding 111–26, 398
advantages of 115–6
attachment for 117
by working mothers 123
continuation of 126, 462
contraindications of 116
counseling for 121–2
desirable practices 116
exclusive 111, 121, 122, 127, 323
factors hindering 116
frequency of 118
in HIV 323
in special situations 122–3
initiation of 122
maintenance of 127
mother for 122
national programs on 124–5
observation of 118–9
positioning for 117
practices 171
problems in 120–21
successful 124, 126
technique of 117–8
twins, football positioning for 123f
Breastmilk 111
anti-infective factors in 115b
composition of 114, 115
expressed 121
jaundice 442, 481
treatment 442
manual expression of 121f
supply 157
Breath, shortness of 615
Breath-holding spell 84, 85
treatment 85
Breathing
deep rapid 947
periodic 424
Breathlessness 637
Brill-Zinsser disease 367
Bronchi 569
large 596
Bronchial asthma 614–24
acute exacerbation of 622
approach to 616f
control of 619
diagnosis of 615
drugs used in 618
exacerbation of 618
in preschool children (<5 years) 621
management in children ≥12 years 618
management in children 6–11 years 618
pathogenesis of 614f
referral in 623
treatment of 617
Bronchial collateral 663
murmurs 644
Bronchial epithelial cells 290
Bronchiectasis 581
Bronchiolitis 231, 275, 291, 610, 612, 613b, 614
management of 613t
pathophysiology of 612f
risk factors for 612b
severe 613
treatment 613
Bronchitis 335
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid 286
Bronchodilation 1019
Bronchomalacia 422
Bronchopneumonia 603f
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia 407, 618
Bronchopulmonary segments 569f
Bronchoscopy 611
Bronze baby syndrome 444
Brown fat 396
Brucella 281, 680
Brudzinski leg sign 754
Brudzinski neck sign 754
Brudzinski sign 486, 775
Brugia malayi 349, 350
Brugia timori 349
Bruises 969
Brush border enzyme activities
deficiency of 357
Brushfield spots 921
Bruton tyrosine kinase 835
deficiency 835, 838
BT. See Bleeding time
BTK. See Bruton tyrosine kinase
BTK deficiency 837t
Buccal teeth 360
Budd-Chiari syndrome 501
Budesonide 956, 997
Buffer 227
Buffy coat method, quantitative 342
Bulbar dysfunction 810
Bulbar palsy, isolated 798
Bulbar weakness 794, 795
Bulimia nervosa 103, 104
treatment 104
Bull neck appearance 326
Bullae, healing of 899f
Bullous impetigo 903f
BUN. See Blood urea nitrogen
Bundle branch block 688
Buphthalmos 923, 923f
Burkitt lymphoma 341
Burning feet syndrome 192
Burns 969
Burrow 898
Butyric acid. See Organic acids
Byler disease 471
C
Café au lait
macules, multiple 772f
spots 525
Caffeine
citrate 1021
reduction 89
CAKUT, parental counselling for 750t
parental counselling for 750t
Calciferol 179
Calcineurin inhibitors, treatment with 724
Calcinosis cutis 849f
Calcium 129, 142, 196, 204, 214, 413
absorption 204
and human milk 204
and magnesium 204, 206
channel blocker 653
deficiency 204
gluconate 1021, 956
requirements of 204t
sodium edetate 956
Calcium channel blocker. See Nifedipine
Calcium channel blocker. See Verapamil
Calf muscle hypertrophy 810f
CAMP. See Cyclic adenosine monophosphate
Campylobacter 459
fetus 680
jejuni 464, 796
CAMT. See Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia
Cancellous bone
resorption of 540
Candida 322, 432, 605
albicans 592
infection 319
onychomycosis 909
species of 909
Candidal intertrigo 910f
Candidal onychomycosis 910, 910f
Candidiasis 281, 909, See also Oral thrush
Canthal index 919
Capillary refill time 388
Capreomycin 284
Captopril 1011
Caput medusa 483, 483f
Caput succedaneum 390f
Carbachol 958
Carbamates 962
Carbamazepine 219, 524, 1006
Carbapenem 1004, See also Meropenem
Carbenicillin 222
Carbohydrate 54, 114, 135, 136, 139–142, 146
absorption of 470
complex 136
malabsorption 470
meal 794
metabolism 429
defects of 887, 888
simple 136
Carbon dioxide
end-tidal 940
exchange of 571
remove excess of 570
Carbon monoxide 4
Carbonated drinks 462
Carbonic acid 695
Carbonic anhydrase 695
inhibitor 1020
anticonvulsant 1007
Carboxylesterase hydrolase 471
Carboxypeptidase 470
Carbuncle 904
Cardiac anomalies 296
Cardiac arrest 946
phases of 934f
Cardiac arrhythmia 205, 230, 684
classification of 684b
Cardiac catheterization 650, 651, 659
Cardiac conditions
congenital 455
Cardiac conduction system 648f
Cardiac configuration 647
Cardiac defects 431
Cardiac edema 726
Cardiac function 560
Cardiac glycoside. See Digoxin
Cardiac looping 633
Cardiac position
alterations in 645
Cardiac resuscitation 996
Cardiac shadow 628
Cardiac silhouette 646f
Cardiac surgery
corrective 688
Cardiac tamponade 682
Cardiac transplantation 654
Cardiobacterium hominis 680
Cardiomyopathy 810, 887
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 935, 936
Cardiogenic shock 946, 947t
Cardiorespiratory arrest 933, 934
treatment 933
Cardiotonics 1019
Cardiovascular collapse 675
Cardiovascular disease 136, 192, 449, 632
risk factor for 720
Cardiovascular system 145, 159, 276, 642
Carditis 676
moderate to severe 678
Carnitine 1021
Carpenter syndrom 60, 61
Carpopedal spasms 226
Carrier detection
for hemophilia 558
for thalassemia 542
Cartilage hair dysplasia 891t
Cartridge-based nucleic acid 286
amplification test 285, 286, 289
Carvedilol 654, 1011
Casal necklace 189, 189f
Caspofungin 998
Castleman disease 562, 565
Cataract
causes of 921
dense congenital 919f
of prematurity 922
Catch-up formula diet 165
Catecholamines 215
Caterpillar hair 900
Catharsis 956
Caudal regression syndrome 765
types of 765
Cavernous sinus thrombosis 925
CBC. See Complete blood counts
CCAM. See Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation
CD4 lymphocytes 238
in HIV 319t
CD8 lymphocytes 238
Cefazolin sodium 1001
Cefepime 1002
Cefixime 705, 733, 1001
Cefoperazone sulbactam 1001
Cefotaxime 435, 495, 593, 705, 733, 778
sodium 1001
Cefpodoxime proxetil 1001
Ceftazidime 435, 733
Ceftriaxone 336, 435, 593, 681, 705, 733, 778, 783, 950
sodium 1001
Cefuroxime 593
axetil 1001
proaxetil 733
Celiac disease 192, 474–476, 487, 494, 527
diagnosis of 476
diet in 148
treatment 475
Cell-mediated immunity 158, 238
Cellophane tape test 361
Cellular immunodeficiencies 835
Cellulitis 138, 291, 905, 905f
Central airway 596
abnormalities 609
Central cyanosis 639, 641f, 667, 943
Central dogma 861
Central hirschberg corneal reflex 922f
Central hypothyroidism 815
Central nervous system 59, 159, 203, 208, 219, 254, 276, 300, 407, 424, 486, 560, 714, 728, 941, 967
examination 754
suggestive of 486
tuberculosis 283, 779–781, 780t
treatment 780
tumors 791, 792
treatment 792
Central pontine myelinolysis 219, 220
Central precocious puberty 827
Central venous pressure monitoring 949
Central α-adrenergic agonist 1011
Cephalexin 584, 705, 1001
Cephalic tetanus 331
Cephalohematoma 390f, 442
Cephalopelvic disproportion 415
Cephalosporin 336, 593, 1001
third generation 435
Cereals 138, 204
Cerebellar ataxia 335
Cerebellum
pathways of 805f
Cerebral cortex 137
Cerebral edema 219, 222, 414, 495
Cerebral infarction 222
Cerebral malaria 340, 781
Cerebral palsy 799, 802fc, 803
diagnosis of 801
dystonic 801, 801f
early diagnosis of 64
hemiplegic 799
risk factors for 800t
spastic 799
topographic classification of 800f
treatment 802
Cerebromacular degeneration 925
Cerebroprotective interventions 413
Cerebrospinal fluid 60, 187, 279, 281, 434, 448, 758, 766, 780, 784, 1069
analysis 565
examination 287, 560, 758t
Cervical
lymphadenopathy 310, 563f
ribs 625
Cestodes 358, See also Tapeworm
Cetirizine dihydrochloride 1010
CGD. See Chronic granulomatous disease
Chalky-White lesion 924f
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 881
CHARGE syndrome 451
Chelation therapy 537, 541
Chemical conjunctivitis 437
Chemical nature 236
Chemoprophylaxis 340, 341, 779
Chemosis 920
Chemotaxis 158, 240
Chemotherapy 217, 564
preoperative 744
Cherry red spot 927
Chest 391
abnormalities 754
barrel-shaped 420
circumference 11, 11f
compression 377, 377f, 937
computed tomography 607
examination of 275
indrawing 405, 608, 941
pain 105, 637
radiograph 560
retraction, lower 419
tightness 615
ultrasonography of 607
Chest circumference
in infancy 8
measuring 11
Chest X-ray 421, 624, See also X-ray
for heart diseases 645
for TB 286
in meconium aspiration syndrome 421f
of diaphragmatic hernia 450f
of tension pneumothorax 422
Chickenpox 297, See also Varicella
Chikungunya 269, 308, 309
infection 309
treatment 309
virus 308, 309
Child abuse 64, 968–71
and neglect 968b, 977
assessment of 969b
common causes of 968
health consequences of 968b
medicolegal implications of 969
Child development unit 72
Child guidance clinics 95
Child health
indicators of 978–81
mortality indicators of 978b
Childhood behavior 94
Childhood epilepsy 769, 773, 774
treatment 773
Child health programs 983–4
Childhood illness, integrated management of 989, 991
Child labor laws 969
Child nutrition programs 986
Child protection 969
Child survival and safe motherhood program 983
Chimerism 869
Chin lift maneuver 937f
Chlamydia 601
conjunctivitis 437
pneumoniae 680
psittaci 680
trachomatis 437, 680
Chloral hydrate 958
Chloramphenicol 368, 522–524, 1004
Chloride 214, 230
depletion 230
Chloride-resistant
alkalosis 230
metabolic alkalosis 230
Chloromycetin. See Chloramphenicol
Chloroquine 341, 345, 548
phosphate 1013
resistant malaria 343
sensitive malaria 343
Chlorosis 360
Chlorpheniramine maleate 1010
Chlorpromazine 524, 926, 1008, See also Phenothiazine
Chlorpropamide 219
Chlorpyrifos 353
Choanal atresia 581
bilateral 422
Cholangitis 335
Cholecalciferol 179
Cholecystitis 335
Choledochal cyst 497, 500
Cholera 465
enterotoxin 465
prevention of 264
toxin 459
treatment 466, 466t
vaccines 264
Choleretic agent ursodeoxycholic acid 499
Cholestasis 498, 499
Cholesterol 418
serum levels of 722
Cholinergic toxic syndrome 957–8
Cholinergic toxidrome 963, 963t
Cholinergic urticaria 901f
Chorea 642, 676, 677, 804
management of 678
minor 677
Chorionic villus sampling test 558
Chorioretinitis 322, 921
Choroid plexus papilloma 792
Choroid tubercles 927
Chromium 196, 208
sources of 208
Chromosome 88, 859, 861
abnormalities of 870
numerical abnormalities of 871
part of 862
Chromosomal abnormalities 875t
Chromosomal analysis 872
Chromosomal defect 639
Chromosomal deletion 862
Chromosomal disorders 862, 870–7, 922
Chromosomal syndrome 44
Chronic abdominal pain 487
Chronic anterior uveitis 844
Chronic blood loss 527
Chronic diarrhea 472
approach to 472–3
Chronic granulomatous disease 837t
Chronic hypernatremia 221
Chronic ITP 555
Chronic kidney disease 718, 734–8, 750
parental counseling for 750t
referral for 750t
stages of 734
treatment 736
Chronic liver disease 175, 267, 276, 493, 496, 498–500, 520
complications of 499
management of 500fc
treatment 499
Chronic systemic diseases 267
Chronic pancreatitis 511
Chronic progressive hemiplegia 787
Chronic stridor 591
Chronological age 45, 46
Chylothorax 423
Chyluria 351
Chymotrypsin splits 470
Ciliary dyskinesia 618
Cimetidine 524
Cinnamic acid 900
Ciprofloxacin 335, 703, 705, 733, 1002
Circadian 92
Circle of hebra 906
Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) 255
Circulation 932
CKD. See Chronic kidney disease
Cirrhosis 494, 496, 726
edema 726
Cisplatin 222
Citrobactor 432
Clarithromycin 329, 604, 733, 1002
Classic drug reactions 915
Classical starry sky appearance 785f
Clavicular fracture
in newborn 415
Clean delivery 379
Clavulanic acid 733, 1003
Claw sign 743
Cleft lip 123, 381f, 451
breastfeeding in 123
repair, complications of 451
treatment 451
Cleft palate 123, 381f, 431
breastfeeding in 123
repair, complications of 451
treatment 451
Clicks 644
Clindamycin 733
hydrochloride 1004
Clinodactyly 872f
Clobazam 1006, See also Benzodiazepine
Clofazimine 288
Clofibrate 219
Clonazepam 1006, See also Benzodiazepine
Clonic seizure 426
Clonidine hydrochloride 1011
Clostridioides difficile toxin 491
Clostridium
botulinum 211
difficile 465
tetani 330
Clotrimazole 910, 998, See also Azole
Clotting factors 438, 956
Cloxacillin 435, 495, 913, 1003
CMPA. See Cow milk protein allergy
CMV infection
congenital 448
eye findings in 927t
CNS. See Central nervous system
Coagulation cascade 552f
Coagulation defect 556
Coagulation disorders 438, 551–5, 551t
Coagulation factor defect 516fc
Coagulation profile 413, 490, 560, 709
Coagulation prothrombin time 413
Coagulopathy 495, 709
Coarctation of aorta 388, 634, 650f, 655, 673, 674f, 675
repair 688
treatment 674
Coarse facies 890f
Coat's disease 811
Cobalamin 190, 193, See also Vitamin B12
binds 532
C defects 727
metabolism 727, 728
Coccidioidomycosis 281
Cochlear implant 72
Cockayne syndrome 925
Codeine phosphate 999
Coelomomyces 307
Coenzyme A 192
Coffee 143
Cognitive abnormalities 86
Cognitive development 32, 94
Cognitive milestones 27
Colchicine 219
Cold agglutinin syndrome 550
Cold antibody hemolytic anemia 550
Cold chain 245–7
Colistimethate sodium 1004
Colistin sulfate 1004
Colitis 322
Collagen vascular disorders 833
Collapse 627t
Collateral blood vessels 675
Collier sign 443
Colloid goiter 818
Colloids
in shock 949
Colocasia 139
Colony count 704t
Color blindness 923
Colostrum 114
Coma 932t
Combination vaccines 268
Combined immune deficiencies 834t
Comedone 898f
Commando crawl 800
Common cold 581
Communicating hydrocephalus 767
Communication
and counseling 107
effective 374
in emergency room 972
with adolescents 107
Community-acquired
infections, late-onset 437
pneumonia 601
Community-based nutritional rehabilitation 153
Community physician 995
Compensated shock 946
in dengue 306
Complement
activation 841
deficiencies 834t
system 239
Complementary feeding 127–34
assessing the practices of 133t
attributes of 127–31
attributes of 128
history taking for 133
hygiene related to 131
principles of 127
status in India 127
Complementary foods 131–2
consistency of 129f
recipes for 132b
Complete protein 136
Complete blood count 191, 313, 433, 490, 515, 556, 582, 606
Computed tomography 758
Concentration techniques 352
Conceptus 5
Concomitant squint 922
Condiments and spices 142t
Conduction 396
Confidentiality 107
Congenital abnormalities of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT)
referral for 750t
Congenital anomalies 380
Congenital aortic stenosis 672
Congenital coagulation disorders 556–9
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection 448
Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome 940
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia 417, 422, 450
treatment 450
Congenital disorders 192, 522
Congenital dyserythropoietic syndrome 523
Congenital heart disease 610, 618, 639, 640f, 655, 656
acyanotic 663
classification of 638fc
incidence of 656
surgeries for 688t
Congenital hypothyroidism 815, 816, 816b, 817, 818
clinical features of 816b
treatment 816
Congenital malaria 341
Congenital muscular dystrophy 811
Congenital neutropenia 837t
Congenital rubella syndrome 296, 448
Congenital syphilis 447
Congenital toxoplasmosis 447
Congenital varicella 298
Congenital zika
syndrome 449
virus infection 449
Congestive heart failure 651–5
beyond first week of life 652
edema in 726t
fluids in 217
in first week of life 651
in older children 652
in SAM163
treatment of 653
Conical cornea 921
Conivaptan 220
Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia 481, 498
causes of 481b
Conjunctiva 177, 920
xerosis of 177, 177f
Conjunctivitis 193, 310, 437, 611, 920
Connective tissue
diseases 276, 682
disorders 274
Consciousness 100, 160, 932
Consent 973
for immunization 272
Consolidation 626
Constipation 478, 489, 489t
causes of 478, 479t
child with 489, 490
pathophysiology of 480f
treatment 489
Constitutional delay in growth 44, 45t, 47f, 525
Constitutional obesity 54
Constrictive pericarditis 499, 683
treatment 683
Continuous murmurs 644
Continuous positive airway pressure 418, 419
Convulsions
management of 932t
Coombs test 492, 550
Copper 207
deficiency 522
solution 956
Copying 36
Corbevax 314
Cord care 387
Cornea 921
with sclera, junction of 177
Cornea inflammation. See Keratitis
Corneal abrasions 330
Corneal light reflex test 922
Corneal ulceration 177, 177f
Corneal xerosis 177
Coronary arteriovenous fistula 644
Coronary sinus type 664
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) 269, 312, 314, 315, 593
etiological agent for 312
infection 312
management of 312, 313f, 314fc
pandemic 269
protection from 631
treatment 312
vaccination 314
vaccine 269
dose of 269
Corpus callosum, agenesis of 773f
Corrosive poisoning 960, 961
treatment 960
Cortical development, malformations of 951
Cortical sensations 754
Cortical tubers 772f
Corticomedullary differentiation 731
Corticospinal tract 755
Corticosteroid 292, 510, 595, See also Fluticasone, Prednisolone
therapy 266
Cortisol 3
Corynebacterium diphtheria 253, 325–327
cells 325
infection 327
pathogenicity of 326
Coryza 276
Costophrenic angle 607f
Costochondral junctions 180, 181f, 194
Cotrimoxazole 705
Cough 276, 325
etiquette 630, 630f
nonproductive 310
type of 610
Counseling 118, 475, 802, 993
Covaxin 269, 314
Cover test 922
COVID-19
management of 313f
vaccines 269, 314
Cow milk 114t
protein allergy 472, 490
suggestive of 490
protein intolerance 527
Coxiella burnetii 365, 680
Coxsackie B virus 682, 821
CPK. See Creatine phosphokinase
CPM. See Central pontine myelinolysis
CPR. See Cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Cracked nipples 120
Cradle cap 914
CRAFT questionnaire 106b
Cranial nerve
examination 412, 754, 754t
involvement 753
palsies 309
Craniopharyngioma 792
eye findings in 927t
Craniostenosis 925
Craniosynostosis 60, 60t, 61, 919f
Craniotabes 180
Crazy pavement dermatosis 161f
Creatine phosphokinase 648
Creatinine 221, 713
Crescentic glomerulonephritis 716
Cretinism 199
Crigler-Najjar syndrome 442, 481, 882
Crohn disease 490, 491, 550
Crossed hemiparesis 756
Croup 275, 593–5
Crouzon disease 60
Crouzon syndrome 60, 919f
CRP. See C-reactive protein
CRS. See Congenital rubella syndrome
Crude birth rate 980t
Crude death rate 980t
Crust 897f
Cryoprecipitate 559
Crypt elongation 474
Cryptococcosis 281, 322
Cryptorchidism 698
Cryptosporidiosis 358
treatment 358
Cryptosporidium 358, 459, 462, 466, 467
organisms 358
parvum 358
Crystalloids 949
CSF. See Cerebrospinal fluid
CSOM. See Chronic suppurative otitis media
Cubes, gate of 36f
Culex
larvae of 353
quinquefasciatus 350, 353
Culicinomyces 307
Curative therapy 542
Cushing syndrome 56f, 222, 739
Cutaneous bleeding 524f
Cyanocobalamin 186, See also Vitamin B12
Cyanoglycosides 198
Cyanosis 639, 667
deep central 671
evidence of 275
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate 205, 465
Cyclooxygenase 274
Cyclophosphamide 525, 724
Cycloserine 288, 522
Cyclospora 358
Cyclosporine 525, 724
Cyproheptadine hydrochloride 1010
Cyst 354f
and cavities 627
multilocular 700, 702
Cystathionine β-synthetase enzyme, deficiency of 888
Cysteine
deficiency of 888
Cystic adenomatoid malformation
congenital 423
Cystic fibrosis 219, 222, 473, 481, 499, 611, 618, 629f
Cystic kidney disease, acquired 702
Cystic nephroblastoma 702
Cystic nephroma 702
Cystic pulmonary airway malformations 627
Cysticercosis 363
Cystourethrogram, micturating 698, 705
Cytoadherence 339
Cytogenetics 517, 870
Cytokines 238, 312, 339, 433
types of 238
Cytologic examination 504
Cytolysis 240
Cytomegalovirus 59, 322, 406, 447–9, 492, 523, 524, 583, 796, 821
enterocolitis 490
infection 281, 323
Cytosine arabinoside 1005
D
Dacryoadenitis 920
Dactylitis 545
DALYS. See Disability-affected life years
Dandy-Walker malformation 59
Danger signs
in a newborn 387b, 403, 405t
in diarrhea 461
Dapsone 548
Darunavir 320, 1016
Datura stramonium 957
Daunorubicin 1005
DBA. See Diamond-Blackfan anemia
DDC. See Zalcitabine
DDE. See Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene
DDI. See Didanosine
D-dimer test 439
Death 467
cause of 458, 975, 981
rates 598
DEC. See Diethylcarbamazine
Deciduous teeth 8
Deferasirox 537, 542, 1021
Deferiprone 537, 542
Deferoxamine 537, 542, 966
Defibrillation 938,939f
Defibrotide 882
Deficit therapy 216
Degenerative disorders 31, 64
Dehydration 162, 163, 457, 458, 546, 932
assessment of 458t
correction of 487
deficit therapy in 218
evidence of 275
fluid therapy for 460
prevention of 460
severe 163, 172, 457, 460f, 932f
signs of 473
Delayed puberty 830–1
Delirium 231
Delivery room
management in 421
stabilization 419
Demand feeding 118
Dementia 189
Dengue 300–308
chimeric vaccine 308
classification of 301fc
clinical features of 302
diagnostic tests for 303t
hemorrhagic complications of 306
hemorrhagic fever 300
illness, course of 303f
infection 300
mild 304
moderate 304, 305fc
nonsevere 302
pathophysiology of 302
prevention and control 307
secondary 302
severe 300, 302–4
shock syndrome 300
tetravalent vaccine 308
treatment of 304, 304t
vaccine 270
virus 300, 302
with warning signs 300f
Dengvaxia 270, 271
Dennie Morgan folds 586
Dental examination 642, 642f
Dental structure 1
Dentition, primary 8
Denver-II (DDST-II) 63
Denys–Drash syndrome 742t
Deoxyribonuclease B 714, 716
Deoxyribonucleic acid 188, 200, 242, 709, 714, 859, 860, 860f, 862, 867
amplification technique 494
extragenic 860
impaired synthesis of 192
library 881
replication 860
sequence 861
synthesis
disorders of 531
Dependent shunt 637
Depression 93
red flags for 105
Dermal decontamination 955
Dermatitis 189
periorificial 193
Dermatomyositis 795
eye findings in 927t
Dermatosis, crazy pavement 161
Desferrioxamine 956, 1022, See also Iron chelating agent
Desloratadine 1010
Desmopressin acetate 89
Detoxification 495
Dermatophyte infections 910
Dermographism 901f
Development 1–38
definitions 1
disorders of 62–79
domains of 26
factors affecting 3–4
laws of 26
normal 26–31
red flags for 32t
variations in 30
Developmental assessment 30t, 31–38
approach to 64
definitive tests for 64
early detection of 63
risk factors for 37b
tools for 32
Developmental assessment scale for Indian infants (DASII) 64
Developmental delay 62–73
Developmental deviance 62
Developmental disabilities 62
Developmental dissociation 62
Developmental examination 31
Developmental history 31, 753
Developmental milestones 27
Development profile-3rd edition (DP-3) 63
Development quotient 37, 62
Developmental screening 31, 63
Developmental surveillance 31,63
Deworming 987
Dextrocardia 635, 646f
Dextromethorphan 1022
Diabetes insipidus 88, 217, 221
Diabetes mellitus 819–23
ambulatory care for 823
complications 823b
diagnosis of 821
diagnostic criteria of 821t
diet in 147
etiology of 820
eye findings in 927t
pathophysiology of 820
type 1 820, 820f, 820t, 821t
course of 821
type 2 57, 820, 820f, 820t, 823, 824, 824b
Diabetic ketoacidosis 222, 226, 229, 230, 479, 821, 824
Diabetic retinopathy 924
Diacylglycerol kinase E mutation 727
Dialysis 715, 957
Diamond-Blackfan syndrome 523
Diaphragm
eventration of 423, 451
insertion of 180
Diaphragmatic hernia 450
Diarrheal diseases 457–69
Diarrhea 164, 189, 221, 228, 243, 276, 457, 458, 478, 604, 930, 966, 975
acute 172, 458
cause noninflammatory 459
causes of chronic 472t
chronic 175, 201, 458, 472
continuing 164
danger signs in 461
diet in 462
diseases 457
infection, transmission of 459f
infectious 226
inflammatory 459
management of acute 457
moderate-to-severe 459
prevention of 201, 468, 469f
transient 334
zinc for 462
Diarrhea-malnutrition cycle 459f
Diastematomyelia 765
Diastolic murmurs 644
Diastrophic dysplasia 891t
Diazepam 426, 956, 1006, See also Benzodiazepine
Diazoxide 1011
Dibenzazepine. See Carbamazepine
DIC. See Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethylene 55
Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane 211, 524
Diclofenac sodium 999
Dicobalt edetate 956
Dicyclomine hydrochloride 1022
Didanosine 320, 321
Diet 468, 495, 677
and nutrition 542
for thalassemia 542
in diarrhea 462
in disease 147
in health 146
in hypertension 741
in iron deficiency anemia 528
in nephrotic syndrome 723
in obesity 57
Dietary
beta-carotenes, absorption of 176
changes 741
counseling 191
data 143
diversity 129
factors 54
fiber 138
phosphate restriction 217
requirement 198, 200
sodium 164
sources 176, 197
survey 145
therapy 467
Diethylcarbamazine 349, 352, 353
citrate 1009
Differential leucocyte count 648
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma 564t
Diffusion-weighted imaging 759
Digenic inheritance 869
Digit repetition 37
Digital media 93–4
Digital pronate grasp 29f
Digitalis, role of 660
Digoxin 1019
Dihydrorhodamine test 837
Diloxanide furoate 355
Dimenhydrinate 1008
Dimercaprol 956
Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline 418
DIPG. See Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma
Diphenhydramine hydrochloride 1010
Diphtheria 109, 158, 237, 242, 243, 252, 253, 267, 275, 325–327, 327fc
antitoxin 326, 327t, 1017
bacilli 325, 583
cutaneous 326
exotoxin of 326
toxoid 252
treatment 326
type of 327
vaccines 253
Diphyllobothrium latum infestation 534
Diplegia 800f
Diplegic cerebral palsy 800
Diplegic gait 800
Dipstick method 719
Direct radionuclide cystography 705
Directly observed treatment short course 284
Disability 977
severe 64
Disability-adjusted life years 106, 154
Disaccharides 136
Disorders of sex development 831–2
Dispermic chimeras 869
Disproportionate short stature 43
Disseminated intravascular coagulation 407, 492, 516, 518, 521, 554, 558, 707, 730, 947
Disruption
Dissociative shock 947
Distal acidification 227
Distributive shock 947, 947t
Diuretic 219, 499, 1020
therapy 230
for heart disease 653
for nephrotic syndrome 723
Diving seal reflex 411
DKA. See Diabetic ketoacidosis
DLC. See Differential leucocyte count
DLHS. See District level household survey
DNA. See Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNase B. See Deoxyribonuclease B
Dobutamine 654, 949, 1019
Docosahexaenoic acid 114
Dolutegravir 320, 321, 1016
Dominant disease-causing allele 866
Domperidone 1008
Donath-Landsteiner syndrome 550
Donor human milk 125
Dopamine 949, 1019
antagonist 1008
Doppler echocardiography 650
Double malleolus 180
Double tract sign 506
Down syndrome 3, 55, 391f, 449, 523, 871, 872, 920, 921, 977
treatment 872
Downe score 418t
Doxorubicin. See Adriamycin
Doxycycline 368, 1004
DPT vaccines 252
Dried powder inhaler 619f
DQ. See Developmental quotient
Drotaverine hydrochloride 1022
Drowsiness 231
Drug 55, 106, 266, 320
abuse 106
hypersensitivity
reactions 915
syndrome 915f
reactions, unique 915
therapy 89, 463, 996–1023
toxicity 686
Drug-induced aplasia 523
Drug-induced hemolysis 548
Drug-resistant tuberculosis 285, 289, 289fc
dsDNA. See Double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid
DSS. See Dengue shock syndrome
DTaP vaccine 252
DTwP vaccine 253
Duane retraction syndrome 923, 923f
Dubowitz syndrome 523
Duchenne muscular dystrophy 810, 810f, 866, 886, 928
eye findings in 928t
treatment 810
Duchenne-Erb palsy 415
Ductal sling theory 634
Ductus arteriosus 636
persistent patency of 664
Ductus venosus 636
DUMBBELS 958
Dyscalculia 73, 74
Dyselectrolytemia
correction of 487
Dysentery 291, 458, 464
treatment of 464fc
Dyserythropoiesis 341
Dyserythropoietic anemia 519
Dysgenesis 815
Dysgraphia 73, 74
Dyshormonogenesis 818
Dyskeratosis congenita 523
Dyslexia 73, 74, 75f
incidence of 73
Dyslipidemia 736
control of 723
in CKD 736
Dysphagia 220
Dysphonia 326
Dyspnea 637, 683
exertional 667
severity of 941
Dystonia 801, 801f, 804
Dystonic cerebral palsy 801
Dysuria 695t
E
Ear 295, 390, 391
anatomical components of 572, 572f
canal inflammation 578
discharge 577
examination
equipment for 573f
indications for 572
external 572, 899f, 905f
fingering 587
infections 275
inner 572
nose, and throat
examination of 572
symptoms of 576t, 577t
pain 276
Earlobe, gangrene of 366f
Early adolescence 97, 99t
Early childhood development 1, 2
concept of 1
nurturing care for 1
Early neonatal mortality rate 978b, 980t
Early stimulation 72
Early-onset sepsis 432
Eating disorder 87, 103, 104, 968
symptoms of 103
Eating pattern 102
Eating problems 80
Ebstein anomaly 655
EBV. See Epstein-Barr virus
Ecchymosis 520, 899
Ecchymotic lesion 899f
ECF. See Extracellular fluid
ECG
in hyperkalemia 225f
in hypokalemia 223f
Echinocandin 998
Echinocytes 517
ECMO. See Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Ecthyma 904
lesions 904f
Ectopia lentis 921
Ectopia vesicae 746, 746f, 747
treatment 747
Ectopic tachycardia, junctional 685
Edema 156, 160, 473, 611, 639, 674, 715, 725–727
idiopathic 726
in cirrhosis 726
in malnutrition 160
inflammatory 592
localized 726
symmetrical 144
treatment 726
Edematous malnutrition 161f, 726
Edmonston strain 292
Edmonston-Zagreb strain 292
Edward syndrome 874
EEG. See Electroencephalogram
Efavirenz 320, 321, 1015
EFV. See Efavirenz
Egg 142
protein 137
yolk 185
EHBA. See Extrahepatic biliary atresia
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 928
Eicosanoids, synthesis of 137
Eicosapentaenoic acid 137
Eikenella corrodens 680
Eisenmenger syndrome 658, 661, 663
treatment 661
Ejection systolic murmur 644
Electrocardiogram 648
Electroencephalogram 759
for seizures 772
for status epilepticus 952
in febrile seizure 775
in neonatal seizures 426
Electrolyte imbalance
in SAM 163
Electrolytes 213
renal regulation of 692
Electrophoresis pattern 539
Elemental iron, consumption of 966t
Elfin facies 672
ELISA. See Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Elliptocytes 518t
Ellis-van Creveld syndrome 639t
EMA. See Epitherial membrane antigen
Embryonal tumors 791
Emergencies 930–73
assessment of 931–3
Emergency room
role in 973
working in 972–4
Emergency stabilization measures 955
Emesis 217, 955
Emotional abuse 968
Emotional changes 99
Emotional support
in SAM 165
Empiric antimicrobials 593
Empyema thoracis 605–11
Emtricitabine 320, 1015
Enalapril 660, 724, 1012
Encephalitis 219, 231, 291, 296, 322, 781, 925, 928
early onset 294
eye findings in 928t
in measles 291
syndrome 782b
Encephalocele 390f, 762, 764f
Encephalomyelitis, acute disseminated 294, 298, 781, 784
Encephalopathy, acute 887
Encopresis 89, 90
treatment 90
Endemic cretinism 199
Endemic goiter 199
Endemic iodine deficiency 815
Endemic osteoarthritis 207
Endocarditis 298, 676, 680
Endocrine 55, 205
causes 44, 276, 652
disorder 3, 429, 812
glands 812, 813t
system 159
Endogenous pyrogens 274
Endolymph 213
Endometriosis 479
Endomyocardial fibrosis 341
End-organ cellular death 946
Endoscopic examination 487
Endoscopic sclerotherapy 503
Endoscopic treatment 502
Endoscopic variceal banding 503
Endothelial injury 727
Endothelin 726
Endotracheal intubation 376, 938
Endotracheal tube 377t
Energy
dense feeding 165
requirement 135
sources of 135
Energy-rich food 138
Enfurvirtide 320
Engorged breasts 120
treatment 120
Enophthalmos 919
ENT symptoms 576–7
Entamoeba 354, 358
histolytica 354, 354f, 358, 459, 465
infection 355
Entecavir 1018
Enteric fever 334, 335, 337, 492
treatment 335
Enterobacter spp. 432
Enterobacteriaceae 703
Enterobiasis 361, 362
treatment 361
Enterobius
infestation 361
vermicularis 361
Enterococcus 322
species 703
Enterocolitis. See also Transient diarrhea
Enterokinase 470
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli 459
Enterovirus 269, 329, 447, 449, 458, 782, 796, 821
Entomophthora 307
Enuresis 87–89, 696
treatment 88
Environmental disorders 74
Enzyme 136, 207, 498, 882
activity 548
defects 520, 535, 815
Enzyme replacement therapy 882
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 286, 367
EOS. See Early-onset sepsis
Eosin-5’-maleimide binding test 547
Eosinophilia 360
Eosinophilic inflammation 614
Ependymoma 791
Epidemic typhus 365, 367, 368
Epidermolysis bullosa 897f, 898f
Epidermophyton species 910
Epididymitis 294
Epigastric discomfort 303
Epigastrium 481, 485
Epiglottic injuries 592
Epiglottitis 591, 595
Epilepsy 85, 92, 209, 769
benign 770
cause of acquired 785
development of 775t
myoclonic 887
syndrome 769, 770, 951
types of 769
Epileptic encephalopathy 769, 770
Epileptic spasms 426
Epileptiform discharges 760, 761f
Epinephrine 377, 654, 940, 949
hydrochloride 1019
nebulized 595
Epiphora 920
Episcleritis 921
Episodic dyspnea 941
Episodic urticaria 900
Episodic viral wheeze 610, 621
Epistaxis 554, 577
Epitherial membrane antigen 564
Epitopes 236
Epstein pearl 395
Epstein-Barr virus 269, 523, 562, 564, 583, 682, 711, 796
EPTB. See Extrapulmonary TB
Equine 1017
ERA. See Enthesitis-related arthritis
Erb's palsy 393f
Erosive gastritis 948
Erysipelas 905
Erythema
marginatum 641, 676, 677
multiforme 902
target lesions of 902f
toxicum 395
neonatorum 395f
Erythematous plaque 896f
Erythematous rash 302
Erythroblastopenia, transient 523
Erythrocyte
mass, higher 440
metabolism, abnormal 184
sedimentation rate 50, 313, 490, 606, 648
Erythrocytic cycle 339
Erythrocytic schizogony 338, 339
Erythrocytic stages 341
Erythroid precursors 522
Erythromycin 329, 546, 584, 604, 715, 733, 913, 1002
Erythropoiesis, ineffective 519
Erythropoietin 694, 1022
Escherichia coli 211, 279, 432, 711, 950
Esmolol hydrochloride 1012
Esophageal atresia 417
Esophageal injury 960
Esophageal stricture 960, 961
Esophagitis 478
ESR. See Erythrocyte sedimentation rate
ESRD. See End-stage renal disease
Essential hypertension 740
Estimated creatinine clearance 729
Estimated glomerular filtration rate 729
Estrogens 812
ETEC. See Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Eteplirsen 882
Ethambutol 287, 288, 780, 926
Ethanol 3, 956
Ethical issues
in community 995
in emergency room 972
in vaccination 273
Ethionamide 288
Ethosuximide 773
Ethylene glycol 229
Eustachian tube 572
Euvolemic hypernatremia 221
Evans syndrome 551
Ex utero intrapartum treatment 450
Exanthema
appearance of 296
Exanthematous fevers 275
Exchange transfusion 444
guidelines for 446f
Exclusive breastfeeding 111
Excoriation 897f
Exercise 46
intolerance 615
Exocrine enzyme deficiency 512
Exogenous pyrogens 274
Exomphalos 452
Exopeptidases 470
Exophthalmos 919
Expanded dengue syndrome 300
Expiratory grunt 418
Expressive language 30
External auditory canal, examine 572
Extra-articular complications 844
Extensively drug-resistant TB 284
Extracellular fluid 158, 213, 226, 227, 412
Extracellular sodium 221
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 421, 654, 940, 948
Extracorpuscular defects 535
Extractable nuclear antigen panel detects 846
Extrahepatic biliary atresia 492, 497, 500
Extrahepatic portal hypertension 499
Extraluminal obstruction 578
Extramedullary erythropoiesis 540
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis 284, 288
Eye 145, 213, 295, 390
abnormalities in 919
decontamination 955
discharge from 917, 918fc
exotropia left 922f
manifestations 188
pigmentation 920
red 917, 917fc
rubbing, approach to 918f
signs 426, 927t
Eyeballs, uprolling of 85
Eyelid 919
drooping of 794
lower 586
puffy 163
retraction 443f
F
F-75 164
F-100 165
Face 145, 390
mask 376f
Facial edema 712f
Facial palsy, isolated 798
Facial telangiectasia 497
Facility-based integrated management of newborn and childhood illnesses (F-IMNCI) 985
Facility-based newborn care 991
Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 811
Factor assays 552
Factor replacement therapy 557t
Factor X deficiency 558
FAD. See Flavin adenine dinucleotide
Failure to thrive 39–42, 483f, 637
approach to 41f
cause of 40t, 42
diagnostic criteria of 39b
in heart diseases 637
systemic complications of 39b
treatment 41
Falciparum malaria 345
Familial short stature 45t, 47f
Fanconi anemia 523, 525
Fast breathing 600fc
and cough 276
causes of 599
treatment 600
Fatal genetic disorder 541
Fatigue 310
Fats 114, 137, 138, See also Lipid
absorption of 471
in breastmilk 114
recommended intake of 138
Fat-soluble vitamins 176
Fatty acid 205
deficiency of essential 137
monounsaturated 137
oxidation defect 429
polyunsaturated 137
Fatty liver 492
Favism 548
Febrile child, evaluation of 275
Febrile encephalopathy 781
Febrile infants 279
Febrile seizure 774, 775t, 776, 776fc
complex 776
first episode of 775
plus 774
treatment of 776
type of 775
Febrile status epilepticus 774
Feeding
assessment 119b
assessment form 119b
in SAM 164
of LBW 409
problems 82–3
technique 130
Feeding diaphoresis 637
Feeding difficulty 637
Feeding habits 157
Feeding intolerance 407
Feeding reflexes 113
Feeding skill 409
Feeding technique 130
Feeding tube 122
Feeding utensils 401
Ferric chloride test 888
Fertility indicators 980
Fetal anemia 411
Fetal cardiac output 635
Fetal circulation 635, 636f, 637
Fetal distress 420
Fetal growth 5, 6
Fetal infection 296, 411
risk of 295
Fetal length 6
Fetal lung maturity 418
Fetal proportions 6
Feticide 971
Fever 274, 276, 278, 279
etiology of 275, 276
history of 520
in young infants 279
low-grade 283
mild 259
phobia 278
treatment 276
with hepatosplenomegaly 275b
with lymphadenopathy 275b
with rash 275b
Fever of unknown origin 279–281
causes of 281
neutropenic 280
Fever with rash 276
etiology of 276b
Fever without focus 279, 280, 281
management of 280fc
Fever without localizing signs 279
Fexofenadine hydrochloride 1010
Fiber 138
Fiberoptic bronchoscope 597f
Fiberoptic systems 444
Fibrin degradation products 439
Fibrinolytics agents 608
Fibrinopurulent 605
Fibrinous strands, formation of 606
Fibromuscular ureters 691
Fibrosis 608, 899
Filamentous hemagglutinin 330
Filariae, characteristics of 349t
Filarial antigens 352
Filariasis 349, 352, 353, 711
treatment 352
Filariform larva 360
Filiform wart 909f
Fine motor
development 27
milestones 27t
Fine-needle aspiration cytology 287, 563
FIPV. See Fractional dose of injectable polio vaccine
FISH. See Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Fish 142
nutritive value of 141t
Fixed performance device 945
Flagellins 585
Flaky paint dermatosis 161
Flatworms. See trematodes
Flavin adenine dinucleotide 187
Flavivirus 300
infection 302
vaccine 302
Flavonoids 198
Floppy infant 807
Fluconazole 910, 998, See also Azole
prophylaxis 436
Fluid and electrolyte 158, 213
balance 495
requirements 215, 218
Fluid compartments 213
Fluid composition 214
Fluid requirements
in neonates 216
of LBW neonates 408t
Fluid therapy 215
in AKI 217
in chemotherapy 217
in CHF 217
in compensated shock 307
in dehydration 460–1
in hypotensive decompensated shock 307
in hypovolemic shock 218f
in LBW 408
in meningitis 218
in raised ICT 218
in shock 217
in shock 949
in SIADH 218
Fluid overload
in AKI 733t
in dengue 306
Flumazenil 956
Fluorescence in situ hybridization 862, 873, 873f
Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption 448
Fluorescent tubes 444
Fluoroquinolones 288, 1002
Fluphenazine 219
Fluticasone propionate 997
Focal deficits 772
Focal epileptiform discharges 760
Focal seizures 770
Folate 129
deficiency 193, 520–523, 534fc
tissue stores 192
Folic acid 152, 186, 191, 196, 210, 529, 1020
absorption of 532
deficiency 158, 191, 192, 521, 532
toxicity 192
Follicle-stimulating hormone 57
Folliculitis 904, 904f
Fomiversan 882
Food
for adolescents 147
nutritional value of 138–143
preschool and school children 147
unhealthy 149
Food additives 211
Food adulteration 211
Food balance sheet 145
Food fortification 210
Food frequency table 145
Food groups 138
Food pyramid 146
Food safety 210–2
Football positioning
for breastfeeding 123f
Foramen ovale 633
Forced alkaline diuresis 956
Foreign body 330, 596b, 610, 618
aspiration 590, 595, 596, 598
treatment 596
diagnosis, rigid bronchoscopy for 592
ingestion 592
inorganic 596
intranasal 330
Foremilk 114
Fosamprenavir 320
Fosphenytoin 1006
Fourth heart sound 645
FPV. See Fosamprenavir
Fractional excretion of urea 731t
Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) 617
Fragile X mental retardation 866, 881
Fragile X syndrome 78, 866, 875, 876, 876f
Free-radical mediated diseases 142
Fresh complementary foods, recipes for 132b
Friedreich ataxia 866
Frog leg posture 807, 808f
Frontal lobe
dysfunction of 756t
eye findings in 928t
Fruits 142
nutritive value of 140t
Fruit drinks 149
Fruit juice 149
Frusemide 230
FSH. See Follicle-stimulating hormone
FTA-ABS. See Fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption
FTC. See Emtricitabine
Fucosidosis 887
Fulminant hepatitis 495
Fundus examination 924
Fungi 211
Furazolidone 357
Furosemide 499, 510, 715, 727, 1020
Furuncle 904
Furunculosis 904f, 907f
Fusobacterium necrophorum 583
G
G6PD. See Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
GABA. See Gamma-aminobutyric acid
Gabapentin 1006
Galactosamine-6-sulfatase 890
Galactose, metabolism of 888
Galactose-1-phosphate-uridyl-transferase 888
Galactosemia 500, 887–889, 921, 928
treatment 889
Gallbladder calculi 479
Gametocidal drugs 343
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 186, 331, 425, 784
Ganciclovir 1018
Ganglioglioma 791
Gas exchange units 569
Gastric aspirate 281, 285, 286, 289
Gastric bubble 646f
Gastric decontamination 956
Gastric juices 213
Gastric lavage 955
Gastric ulcer 490
Gastroenteritis 224, 275, 477, 540
Gastroesophageal reflux 81, 478, 486, 487, 615
disease 478, 487, 488
Gastrointestinal anomalies 453t
Gastrointestinal bleeding 438, 479, 491
lower 479
treatment 491
Gastrointestinal diseases 211, 237, 477
clinical markers of 482–3
endoscopy for 491
presentation of 477–81
symptoms 961, 962
Gastrointestinal system 158, 203, 275, 413, 477
Gastrointestinal tract 145, 217, 424, 477
Gastroschisis 452
Gate of cubes 36f
GATHER approach 107b
Gatifloxacin 35, 1002
Gaucher disease 481, 882, 887, 889, 920, 928
Gaussian distribution 13
Gavage feeding 123f
GBS. See Guillain-Barré syndrome
Gene 860
structure of 861f
therapy 882
Genetic basis 859, 862
Genetic constitution 237
Genetic counseling 883–6
for achondroplasia 892
for osteogenesis imperfecta 893
for thalassemia 542
Genetic disorders
DNA diagnosis of 879–81
parent education for 894
treatment of 882–3
Genetic epilepsy 774
Genetic factors 3
Genetic growth potential 43
Genetic heterogeneity 881
Genetic tests 837
Genitalia 385, 392, 906f, 907f
female 386f
male 385f
Genitourinary malformations 745–8
evaluation of 695–700
symptoms 695t
Genitourinary tuberculosis 283
Genome detection 303
Genomic imprinting 866, 867
Genotype 543
Gentamicin 164, 435, 705, 733, 778
sulfate 1000
Gentian violet paint 387f
GER. See Gastroesophageal reflux
GERD. See Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Germ cell tumor 562, 565
Gessel “Incomplete Man” test 37
Gestational age 382f
baby, small for 383f
GFD. See Gluten-free diet
GFR. See Glomerular filtration rate
GHD. See Growth hormone deficiency
Ghon focus 282
Ghutti 399
Giant cell 298
tumor, subependymal 791
Giardia 358, 462, 467, 473
duodenalis 459
infection, chronic 356
lamblia 356, 356f, 357
life cycle of 356
Giardiasis 356, 357
treatment of 357, 357b
Gilbert disease 481
GINA guidelines 614
GIT. See Gastrointestinal tract
Gitelman syndrome 230
Glands 145
Glanzmann thrombasthenia 551, 558
Glasgow coma score 955
Gliomas 791
Global action plan for pneumonia and diarrhea (GAPPD) 604
Global developmental delay 62
early diagnosis of 64
Global initiative for asthma (GINA) 614
Global program to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (GPELF) 353
Globin chains, types of 539
Globulins 241
Globus pallidus, bilateral 801f
Glomerular basement membrane 711, 714, 716, 718
Glomerular filtration
barrier 718
rate 693, 694, 733t, 735
Glomerular hematuria 707, 708, 708t
Glomerular proteinuria 718, 721
Glomerular tufts 712
Glomerulonephritis 298, 341, 711, 714, 716, 730, 734
acute postinfectious 711, 711b
acute poststreptococcal 711
antibody-mediated 716
parental counseling for 749t
referral for 749t
Glomerulosclerosis, focal segmental 718
Glossitis 187
Glucagon 956, 1022
Glucocerebrosidase 889
Glucocorticoids 189, 812
Gluconate 462
Gluconeogenesis, suppression of 341
Glucose 413, 460, 956
Glucose-6-phosphatase, deficiency of 889
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 521, 547, 705, 882
classes of 548t
deficiency 364, 442, 520, 547–549, 928
community 520
of enzyme 547
treatment 548
Gluten enteropathy 474
Gluten-free diet 475
Glycogen storage
disease 889
disorders 889
Glycopeptides 238
Glycoprotein 470
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol, loss of 549
Goiter 199, 818
treatment 819
Goitrogen exposure 818
Goitrogenic drugs 818
Goitrogens 198, 815
Goldenhar syndrome 639
Gonadal development 5
Gonadal failure 541
Gonadal hormones 3
Gonadotropin-dependent precocious puberty 827
Gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty 828
Gonococcal conjunctivitis 437
Goodenough draw-a-man test 37
Goodpasture syndrome 707, 711, 715
Gottron papules 848f
Gower sign 810, 810f
Grade level assessment device for children (GLAD) 75
Granisetron 1008
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 1022
Granulomatous disease, chronic 835, 835f, 836, 836f, 838
Granulomatous disorders 281
Granulopoiesis 513
Granzymes 238
Grasp reflex 389
Great arteries, transposition of 634, 670, 671
Greulich–pyle atlas method 13
Griseofulvin 999
Gross motor
development 27
milestones 27t
Gross reproduction rate 980t
Ground itch 360
Ground-glass appearance 419f
Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus 583
Group B streptococcus 434
colonization 432
Growth 1–38
after infancy 8
and development 1, 2
assessment of 10–13
definitions 1
disorders of 39–61
factors affecting 3–4
fetal 5
in infancy 7
monitoring 15, 152, 399
normal 7–9
phases of 4, 5, 5t
postnatal 3,6
prenatal 5
principles of 4
progresses 4
rate of 4, 5
standards 14, 1044
statistical principles in 13–14
tables 1024
velocity of 8
Growth charts 14–26
for 15–18 years 24
for neonates 455
for height-for-age 18f, 19f, 24f
for weight-for-age 16f, 17f
for weight-for-length 20f-23f
Growth failure 674
in CKD 736
syndrome of 201
Growth hormone 3, 812
deficiency 44, 50f, 813, 814, 814b, 814f
treatment 814
disorders 813
excess 814
Growth monitoring 15,152
Growth references 14
for Indian children 5–18 years 15
Growth standards 14
Growth velocity 5,12,14,44
GSD. 889, Also See Glycogen storage disorders
type 1 889
type 2 889
Grunting 942, 943
Guanine 859
Guillain-Barré syndrome 231, 259, 298, 309, 326, 794, 796, 796t
treatment 797
Gum 145
bleeds 554
Gut decontamination 955
Gut microbiota 55
Guthrie test 888
Gynecomastia 482, 482f
H
H1N1 influenza 311b
treatment of 311t
H2 blockers, administration of 495
Habit disorder 91
Haemaphysalis 364
Haemophilus influenzae 239, 253, 279, 322, 592, 593, 680, 682, 775, 777, 778, 796, 835
vaccine 256
Hair 145
in malnutrition 161
Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome 925
Hallucinations 219
Halogen lamps 444
Halogenated hydrocarbons 961
Hand and foot syndrome 545
Hand hygiene 436, 437, 630
Handicaps 977
early identification of 2
Handwashing 400
steps of 469f
Haptens 236
Harpenden infantometer 10
Hb. See Hemoglobin
HbA. See Hemoglobin A
HbS. See Sickle hemoglobin
HDL. See High density lipoprotein
Head
growth 8
injuries 971
lag, complete 808f
size and shape, abnormalities of 59, 61
Head circumference 11, 383
measurement of 11f
Head tilt 937f
chin lift maneuver 937
Headache 105, 211, 309, 310, 789
charting 790
childhood 789
common types 789
location 790
tension type 790
treatment 790
Head-to-toe examination 389, 754
Health
education 288
facility, barrier related to 110
factors 4
issues 100
seeking behavior 110b
services 109
Healthcare-associated FUO 280
Healthcare workers, training of 373
Health-related problems, management of 241
Hearing
disorder 72
handicap 72, 64
impairment 574
loss 455, 574, 577
Heart 160, 295
boot shaped 668
chronic maternal diseases of 406
development of 633, 635
disorders 147
electrical conduction in 648
failure 204
murmur 673
size 625, 646
Heart block 684, 686
complete 686f, 731
Heart defect 639, 639t
origin of 633
structural 652, 655
Heart disease 3, 637, 645, 648t
acquired 599
cyanotic 667
surgery for 688, 689
Heart rate 388
cut-off values for 275t
normal range for 931t
Heart sound 662
second 643f
third 644
fourth 645
Heart tube 633
looping of 634f
Heat coagulation test 719
Heat hyperpyrexia 278, 279
treatment 279
Heat-labile
toxin 465
vitamin 530
Heat sensitive vaccines 245
HEEADSSS
approach 105t
tool for psychosocial assessment 108b
Height
measuring 10
Height age 44
Height velocity
in short stature 45t
Heimlich maneuver 596
Heliotrope rash 848f
Heinz body 541, 548
formation 535
Helicobacter pylori infection 490
Helmet cells 536f
Helminthic infestations 358
Helper T cells 238
Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase 293
Hemarthrosis bleeding 556
Hematochezia 439
Hematological causes 599
Hematological disorders 276, 513, 515, 518, 523, 566, 925
Hematological parameters 514, 731
Hematological system 275, 947
Hematological values 514t, 1062
Hematoma, intramuscular 556
Hematopoetic stem cell transplant 561
Hematopoiesis 513, 514f, 525
Hematopoietic stem cell 524
population of 513
transplant 525
Hematopoietic system, retinopathies of 927
Hematuria 438, 554, 695, 707, 709, 709b, 710, 710fc, 749
causes of 707, 707b, 707t
nonglomerular 708, 708t
treatment 709
Hemicellulose 138
Hemiparesis 787
Hemiplegia 787
Hemochromatosis 887
Hemoconcentration, sign of 303
Hemodialysis 225, 737t, 957
Hemodynamic support 420
Hemoglobin 3, 152, 172, 514, 520, 521
A 537f
defects of 535, 538
disorders 538, 540
electrophoresis 536–538, 539f, 541, 541t, 545, 546
fetal 520, 525
glycated 821
H 543
levels 524
measurement 531
molecule 209
normal 538
thresholds 518t
types of 540
Hemoglobinopathy 492, 517, 531, 539
Hemoglobinuria
paroxysmal cold 550
paroxysmal nocturnal 523, 524, 549
Hemogram 616, 713, 836
complete 492
Hemolysis 481, 535, 952
biochemical evidence of 535
laboratory evidence of 536
skeletal changes in 535
Hemolytic anemia 184, 345, 493, 535, 537, 538
treatment 537
Hemolytic facies 536f
Hemolytic uremic syndrome 516, 521, 707, 709, 711, 727–730
treatment 728
Hemoperfusion 957
Hemophilia 557t, 558, 558f, 559
diagnosis of 559
severe 566
symptom of 556
treatment 556
Hemorrhage 302, 335, 367
concealed 442
intracranial 222, 425, 925
intraventricular 184, 427, 442, 455
superficial 926f
treatment of 557
Hemorrhagic colitis, severe 728
Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn 439, 440
classical 439
treatment 440
Hemorrhagic measles 291
Hemorrhagic neuroblastoma 452
Hemorrhoids 506
Hemostasis 438
Hemozoin 342
Henderson–Hasselbach equation 227
Henoch-Schönlein purpura 479, 490, 707, 709, 709f, 714, 841f
nephritis 711
Heparin 558
Hepatic dysfunction, assessment of 498
Hepatic metabolism, reduced 441
Hepatitis 281, 298, 322, 335
chronic 276, 494
ischemic 948
Hepatitis A 267, 505
vaccine 262
virus 262, 493, 505
Hepatitis B 122, 236, 237, 248, 267, 322, 505
immunoglobulin 242, 257, 265, 1017
infection 494
vaccine 242, 266
virus 244, 256, 493, 505
vaccine 248, 265, 256, 257, 267
Hepatitis C 269, 322, 505
virus 493
Hepatitis E 269, 505
virus 493
Hepatobiliary disorder 477
Hepatobiliary system 276
Hepatocellular carcinoma 494
Hepatocellular dysfunction, tests for 495
Hepatocellular impairment 498
Hepatomegaly 611, 887
Hepatosplenomegaly 492, 516, 520, 536, 540, 554
etiology of 276b
with anemia, no fever 493
with fever and anemia 492
Hepatotropic viruses 493, 496
Herd effect 241
Hereditary ataxia 925
Hereditary elliptocytosis 547
Hereditary pancreatitis 511
Hereditary spastic paraplegia 881
Hereditary spherocytosis 442, 520, 546, 547
treatment 547
Hernia and hydrocele 747
treatment 747
Hernia, diaphragmatic 627
Herniation syndromes, symptoms of 756
Herpes simplex 322
encephalitis 783f
infection 449, 928
virus 427, 437, 447–449, 583, 777, 784, 952
Herpes zoster 297, 322
Heterochromia 921
Heterogeneity 881
Heterozygote 537f
Hexachlorobenzene 55
HHV. See Human herpesvirus
HIE. See Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Hidden hunger 196
Higher mental function 754
High-fiber diet 138
High-flow system 945
High-energy feeding, phase of 173
High-risk newborn 372b, 403, 404t, 455b
follow-up of 455–6
Hindmilk 114
Hirschberg reflex 922
Hirschsprung disease 481, 507, 866
treatment 507
Histidine-rich protein 342
Histiocytosis 221
Histocompatibility antigens typing 841
Histocompatibility complex 236
Histoplasmosis 281
HIV. See Human immunodeficiency virus
HMD. See Hyaline membrane disease
HMIS. See Health management information systems
Hodgkin disease 276, 281, 562
Hodgkin lymphoma 562, 562b, 562t-564t, 565
management 563
Holotranscobalamin 533
Holt-Oram syndrome 639, 863, 864f
Home-based newborn care 985
Home-made instant food, recipes for 132b
in SAM 165
Homocystinuria 50, 190, 888, 928
eye findings in 928t
Homogentisic acid oxylase 888
Homoplasmy 866
Homozygous achondroplasia 892
Hookworm
adult 360
infection 360
infestation, treatment 360
Hormones 136, 175, 214, 812–3, 1067
human chorionic gonadotropin 873
secretion, regulation of 812
Horner syndrome 919, 921
Hot AFP cases 798
Household food consumption 145
Howell-Jolly bodies 533f, 541
HSCT. See Hematopoetic stem cell transplant
HSP. See Henoch-Schönlein purpura
HSV. See Herpes simplex virus
Human diploid cell vaccine 263
Human herpes simplex 781
Human immunodeficiency virus 50, 59, 99, 172, 173, 242, 280, 284, 316–25, 372, 523, 836, 838, 977
antibody 318
associated FUO 280
case definitions in 318
clinical staging of 319b
detection of 317
diagnosis of 317, 318
enteropathy 520
opportunistic infections in 322
parent-to-child transmission of 323
positive 122, 318
positive mother, breastfeeding in 122
transmission 316t
risk of 323
treatment of 320
tuberculosis in 284
vaccination in 266
vaccine 271
Human intravenous immunoglobulin 1017
Human leukocyte antigens genes 237
Human milk 114, 114t
anti-infective factors in 115b
banking 125
Human papillomavirus 269
infection 908, 909
vaccine 269, 270
Human parainfluenza virus 593
Human physiology 227
Human rabies immunoglobulin 1017
Human reassortant vaccine 258
Human tetanus immunoglobulin 1017
Humoral immune response, basis of 239
Humoral immunity 158, 235, 239
Hunter syndrome 887, 889
Huntington chorea 881
Hurler disease 928
Hurler syndrome 887, 889, 890f
HUS. See Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Hyaline membrane disease 422
Hydantoin. See Fosphenytoin
Hydralazine 438, 654, 1012
Hydration 277
Hydrocarbon
aromatic 524
ingestion 961
poisoning, treatment 961
Hydrocele 392, 747
Hydrocephalus 59, 766, 768, 779, 925
acquired 766
causes of 766t
treatment 767
Hydrochloric acid 960
Hydrochlorthiazide 1020
Hydrogen ions, concentration of 227
Hydrotherapy 277
Hydrops fetalis 543
Hydroureter 731
Hydroxyurea 546
Hydroxyzine hydrochloride 1010
Hygiene 468
Hygienic cord care 436
Hymenoptera toxin 902
Hyoscine butylbromide 1022
Hyperactivity
diagnostic criteria of 76b
Hyperaldosteronism 230
Hyperandrogenism, signs of 56
Hyperbilirubinemia 184, 443, 480
management of 446t
neurotoxic risk factors in 442
treatment 443
types of 481
Hypercalciuria 709
Hypercarbia 418
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis 229
Hypercholesterolemia 138
Hypercyanotic spell 85
Hypereosinophilia 351
Hyperglycemia 222
Hyperhemolytic crisis 545
Hyperimmune globulin 242
Hyperinsulinemic states 429
Hyperkalemia 215, 217, 224, 225, 713, 715, 732
treatment of 224, 225t
in AKI 733t
Hyperkinetic pulmonary arterial hypertension 659, 663
Hyperlipidemia 722
Hyperlucent lung 626f
mimicking pneumothorax 627
Hypernatremia 221, 222, 425
seizures in 425
treatment 221
Hyperphosphatemia 217, 713
Hyperpyrexia 273, 275
Hypersegmented neutrophil 531f, 532, 532f
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis 618
Hypersensitivity reactions 915, 916
pathogenesis of 240
treatment 915
Hypertelorism 919
Hypertension 58, 147, 148, 715, 732, 736, 738, 742, 750, 928
causes of sustained 739b
childhood 739t
control of 723
definition of 738
diet in 148
essential 739, 740
evaluation of 739
in AKI 733t
in CKD 736
parental counseling for 750t
portal 494, 498, 501
primary versus secondary 738
referral for 750t
severe 712
treatment of 740
Hypertensive emergency 741, 741t
Hypertensive encephalopathy 712, 713
Hypertensive retinopathy 924
Hyperthermia 231, 444
Hyperthyroidism 739
Hypertonic 3% saline 216t
Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 486, 506
treatment 506
Hypertrophic scar 899, 899f
Hypervitaminosis A 178
treatment 178
Hypervitaminosis D 183
treatment 183
Hypervolemia 712
Hypervolemic hypernatremia 221
Hypervolemic hyponatremia 219
Hypnozoites 338, 341
Hypoalbuminemia 160, 347
Hypocalcemia 204, 205, 217, 222, 331, 425, 427
asymptomatic 431
causes of 204b, 431b
early 425, 431
late 425, 431
neonatal 431
seizures in 425
symptomatic 431
treatment 205
Hypochloremia 230
Hypochromia 519
Hypocupremia 207
Hypoglycemia 826
in IDM 430
in malaria 341
in SAM 162
management of 430
neonatal 429
seizures in 425
Hypogonadism 201
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 830b
Hypokalemia 205, 222, 223, 223f, 228, 230, 938
treatment 223
Hypokinetic movement disorder 803t
Hypomagnesemia 222, 226, 426
causes of 205b
treatment for 226
Hyponatremia 163, 217, 219, 220, 425, 732
cause of 219
in AKI 733t
seizures in 425
treatment 220
true 220
type of 219
Hypoparathyroidism 204, 541
Hypophosphatemic rickets 887
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 655
Hypoplastic nails 640f
Hypoproteinemia 362
Hyporeflexia 757
Hypospadias 698, 746, 746f
surgery, care for 746b
treatment 746
types of 746
Hypotension 204, 275, 947
perfusion abnormality without 217
Hypothalamic abnormalities 103
Hypothalamic-pituitary axis 812f
Hypothalamus 274, 813
Hypothermia 162, 164, 172, 222, 396, 399, 444, 938
classification of 397t
in newborn 398
in SAM 162
prevention of 397
treatment 399
Hypothyroidism 442, 481, 507, 541, 815, 977
acquired 817
congenital 816
etiology of 815t
newborn screening 817
short stature in 45t
Hypotonia 32
causes of 808f
etiology of 807
Hypovolemia 730, 938
Hypovolemic hypernatremia 221
Hypovolemic hyponatremia 219
Hypovolemic shock 946, 947t
Hypoxia 231, 938
ischemia 412fc
Hypoxic damage 755
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy 411–4
grading of 412
seizures in 425
Hypsarrhythmia 761t, 771f
I
IAMP. See Intrachromosomal amplification
IAP. See Indian Academy of Pediatrics
Ibuprofen 274, 278, 1000
ICDS. See Integrated child development services
Iceberg 156
ICF. See Intracellular fluid
Ichthyosis 897f
ICSOL. See Intracranial space occupying lesion
ICT. See Intracranial tension
Icterus 388, 482. See also Jaundice
ICU. See Intensive care unit
IDA. See Iron deficiency anemia
IDD. See Iodine deficiency disorders
Idiogenic molecules 221
Idiopathic hypercalcemia 672
Idiopathic hypersomnia 92
Idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 506
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura 551
Iduronate sulfatase 889
IDV. See Indinavir
IEM. See Inborn error of metabolism
IgA. See Immunoglobulin A
IgA antiendomysial antibody (EMA) 474
IgA antigliadin antibody 474
IgA nephropathy 714
IgA vasculitis 854–6
IGF. See Insulin like growth factor
IgG. See Immunoglobulin G
Ileal fluid 214t
Ileal resection 520
Iliac crest, posterior superior 566
Iliac fossa 478, 485
Imipenem-cilastatin 1004
Imipramine, tablet 89
Immune
activation 316
complexes, deposition of 712
deficiency disorders 276
dysregulation 562
globulins 242
Immune response 159, 238–240
age and 237
primary 239, 239f, 240
secondary 239, 239f, 240
types of 235
Immune system 235, 237, 833
cells of 833
function of 235
organs of 833
Immune thrombocytopenia 438, 439, 554, 555
purpura 516, 551, 553, 553f, 555
treatment 554
Immune-deficient population 564
Immune-mediated pathway 523
Immunity 158, 235, 290
acquired 235, 241
active 236, 236t
adaptive 833, 833t
antibody-mediated 239
herd 241
natural 235, 236t
passive 236, 236t
to diphtheria 253
transplacental 290
Immunization 241, 266, 267, 332, 381, 410, 604, 737, 993
active 241, 294, 296, 299, 327, 336
campaigns 271
childhood 296
implied consent in 272
in HIV-infected 323
in specific situations 265–9
of adolescents 267
participation in 271–2
passive 242, 292, 333
primary 327, 332
related anxiety reaction 250
Immunochromatographic card test 352
Immunization coverage 980t
Immunodeficiency 618
diseases 834
disorders, primary 834, 834t
signs of 473
suspect 834, 835, 838
Immunodiagnosis 352
Immunofluorescence 496
tests, direct 357
Immunofluorescent assay 368
Immunogen 236
Immunoglobulin 236, 239, 241, 249, 448, 797, 836
A 707, 711, 714, 716, 836
functions of 239t
G 492, 716, 1016
intravenous 221, 249, 446
therapy 436
types of 239
Immunohistochemical test 448
Immunological classification 319
Immunological tolerance 240
Immunosuppressive drugs 266
Immunotherapy 525, 561
for aplastic anemia 525
IMNCI case management process 989
facility-based 991
syndromic approach 989
Impetigo 903t
Impulsivity
diagnostic criteria of 76b
Inactivated vaccines. See Killed vaccines
Incontinence, cause of 89
Indinavir 320, 1015
Indomethacin 1000
Industrial intoxicants 211
India newborn action plan 986
India
causes of child death 976
causes of infant deaths 979
causes of newborn death 979
fertility indicators 980
health indicators in 980t
immunization coverage 980
infant mortality in 978
mortality indicators 980
nutrition indicators 980
U-5 MR in 976
vital statistics of 981
Indian Academy of Pediatrics
body mass index chart 52f,53f
growth charts 24f
guidelines on screen exposure 93
guidelines on Vitamin D 182f
JUNCS guidelines 149
Infant development, bayley scale of 64
Infancy
growth in 7
Infant and young child feeding
National guidelines on 131
Infant deaths
causes of 978
prevention of 980
Infant milk substitutes (IMS) Act 124
Infant mortality rate 978, 978b, 980t
causes of 979
Infant of diabetic mother 430, 430f
treatment 430
Infantile cholestasis, causes of 497b
Infantile colic 81
treatment 81
Infantile hemiplegia 787, 787t, 789
treatment 788
Infantile spasm 770, 771f
Infection 157, 164, 274, 276, 281, 358, 424, 425, 481, 524, 545, 562, 565, 787, 815, 821
acute 357
by organ systems, treatment of 434
congenital 448, 492, 977
control 311, 400, 401
dermatophyte 910
early stages of 460
early treatment of 690
indirect evidence of 433
organisms causing 837
prevention of 379, 386, 403, 409
protection from 115
recurrent 490, 836b
spread of 290
Infectious agents 562, 711b
Infectious causes 276
Infectious disease profile 560
Infective endocarditis 642f, 680, 682
treatment of 680, 681t
Infiltrative disorders 481, 499
Inflammation 726
Inflammatory bowel disease 192, 226, 259, 471, 487, 527
Inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, acute 796
Inflammatory disorders 276
Inflammatory reaction 614
Influenza 310, 311
A virus 593
B virus 593
diagnosis of 310
treatment of 310
Influenza vaccine 262
type of 263
Influenza virus 310, 329, 609, 682
spread of 310
strains 310
Infundibular pulmonary stenosis 669
Inguinal hernia 392f, 747
Inhalation devices, types of 619f
Inhalation technique 618
Inheritance 859–62
autosomal dominant 865
autosomal recessive 865
non-mendelian 866
patterns of 862–70
X-linked dominant 866
X-linked recessive 865
Y-linked recessive 866
Inherited aplastic anemia 525
Inherited clotting factor deficiencies 439
Injection safety 249
Innate immune system 781
Innate immunity 833, 833t
Inosine pranobex 1018
Inotropes 654
Insomnia 204
Insulin
administration 822, 822f
and glucose infusion 225
function 224
glucose drip 217
pump therapy 823
resistance, signs of 56
therapy 822
types of 822, 822t
Integrated child development services 150, 152, 986
Integrated child protection scheme 987
Intellectual disability 64, 209, 799
Intelligence quotient 62
Intense parasitemia 342
Intensive care unit 313
Interatrial septum 633
development of 634f
Intercostal drainage 607
Interferon 238, 585
gamma release assays 286
Interleukin 238, 585
Interlobar fissures 422f
Intermediate syndrome 963, 964
Interstitial fluid 213
Intergrowth-21stcharts 455
Interstitial keratitis 921
Intertrigo 910
Interventricular septum 633
development of 634f
Intestinal bacterial overgrowth syndrome 229
Intestinal cut-off sign 507
Intestinal digestion, acquired defects of 470
Intestinal disease 355
Intestinal duplication 491
Intestinal infection, diagnosis of 355
Intestinal lymphatics, obstruction of 471
Intestinal malabsorption 472
Intestinal obstruction 451, 481, 505, 506, 508
and perforation 508–510
treatment 509
causes of 506, 509t
Intestinal parasites 358, 358b
Intra-abdominal
injuries 415
malignancies 503
Intra-aortic balloon pump 654
Intracellular complex 323
Intracellular fluid 213
Intracellular potassium acts 219
Intracerebral calcification 222
Intrachromosomal amplification 560
Intracorpuscular defects 535
Intracranial complications 580
Intracranial pressure 231, 486, 782, 783, 925
signs of 777, 806
Intracranial space occupying lesion 486
Intracranial tension 218, 486, 784
Intracranial tumors 925
Intrahepatic disorders 497
Intraluminal digestion, impaired 472
Intraluminal obstruction 609
Intramural air 355
Intramuscular injections 248
Intraocular pressure, congenital rise of 923
Intrauterine fetal death 449
Intrauterine growth restriction 6, 44, 404, 406, 407t, 430
Intrauterine infection 442, 447, 448t, 449, 493
treatment 449
Intrauterine pneumonia 420
Intravascular hemolysis, evidence of 536
Intravenous cannula 233f, 234f
insertion of 233t
Intravenous fluids 250, 408, 413, 461t
and nutrition 419
Introns, removal of 861
Intussusception 506
treatment 506
Invasive amebiasis 355
Iodine 159, 196, 197, 209
nutrition 199t
requirements of 198t
Iodine deficiency 102, 152, 198, 199, 818
disorder 198, 199t, 819
indicators of 199
treatment 199
Iodized oil 199
Iodized salt 199
Ionic composition 214t
Ipratropium
bromide 997
intranasal 589
IQ. See Intelligence quotient
Iridocyclitis 921
Iris prolapse 177
Iron 129, 142, 159, 196, 209, 210
absorption of 527
amount of 142
chelating agent 1021
chelation 538
deficiency anemia 102
deficiency of 102, 527
fortification 529
intoxication 966
metabolism 526
overload, indicators of 541
status 152
Iron deficiency anemia 526–9
Iron gap 129
Irritability 194, 205, 486
Irritable bowel syndrome 487
Irreversible shock 946
Ischemic hepatopathy 481
Ischemic stroke 425
Isoimmune hemolytic disease 442
Isolated premature thelarche 828
Isomerism 646f
Isoniazid 287, 288, 522, 780
prophylaxis 323
Isoprenaline 654, 1018
Isoproterenol 219
Isospora 358
Itching 361, 917
ITP. See Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Itraconazole 999
IUGR. See Intrauterine growth retardation
in IDM 430
symmetrical vs asymmetrical 406
vs preterm 407
Ivermectin 349, 352, 353, 1009
IVH . See also, Intraventricular hemorrhage
IVIG
for ITP 554
for KD 853
for neonatal jaundice 446
Ixodes 364
J
Jaggery
nutritive value of 141t
Jamshidi bone marrow biopsy needle 566, 567f
Janani shishu suraksha karyakram 986
Janani Suraksha Yojana 994
Janeway lesions 641, 642f, 680
Japanese B virus 782
Japanese encephalitis 260, 302, 783f
vaccine 243, 244, 260, 261, 267
Jaundice 276, 341, 388, 441, 480, 498, 520, 887
and hepatic dysfunction, evidence of 494
causes of 441
cephalocaudal progression of 441f
child with 491, 492
examination of 388f
idiopathic 442
management of 403
neonatal 440, 548, 755
nonhemolytic 442
pathological 441, 443
physiological 394, 441
Jaw-thrust without head tilt 937f
JIA See Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Jitteriness 426
Joint
pain 204, 839, 840b
swelling 276
Jones criteria 676
Jugular venous waveform 639, 641f
Junk food 149
nutritive value of 149
Juvenile dermatomyositis 839
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis 839, 842, 843t, 844, 845
complications of 844
treatment 844
types of 842
Juvenile justice 970
system 969, 970
Juvenile nephronophthisis 734
Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma 791
Juxtaglomerular apparatus 692
K
Kala-azar 346–8
Kanamycin 284, 288
sulfate 1000
Kangaroo mother care 398, 398f, 407, 407f
Kangaroo technique 162
Karyotype 870
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome 439
Kashin-Beck disease 207
Kawasaki disease 291
Kayexalate 225
Kayser-Fleischer ring 499, 921
KDIGO classification 730t
Kearns-Sayre syndrome 925
Keloid 899, 899f
Keratitis 921
Keratoconjunctivitis 298
Keratoconus 921
Keratomalacia 158, 177, 177f
Keratouveitis 294
Kerion 911, 911f
Kernicteric facies 443, 443f
Kernicterus 442, 755
spectrum disorders 442
Kernig sign 486, 754, 775
Kerosene oil poisoning 962
treatment 962
Keshan disease 207
Ketamine 669
Keto acid
decarboxylase 888
precursors, levels of 888
Ketoacidosis 229
Ketoconazole 999
Ketones 230, 823
KFT. See Kidney function test
Kidney 147, 227, 485, 693, 734
anatomy of 691, 692f
biopsy 731
clear cell sarcoma of 744
congenital abnormalities of 750
disorders of 691
failure 728, 729
function 692
measurement of 694, 694t
test 313, 486, 729
injury 731
replacement therapy 732, 737
rhabdoid tumor of 744
role of 725
Kidney disease 148, 729, 734t, 749, 749t
cystic 700, 702
glomerulocystic 700, 702
Kikuchi disease 565
Killed vaccines 242
Kingella species 680
Klebsiella 601, 903
pneumoniae 432, 703, 711
Klinefelter syndrome 875, 876
Klumpke paralysis 415
treatment 415
Kniest dysplasia 891
Koilonychia 515, 527f
Koplik spots 291
Krait neurotoxin 795
Kramer rule 441f
Kupffer cells 346
Kussmaul respiration 229
Kussmaul sign 683
Kwashiorkor 156, 520
Kyphoscoliosis 810
Kyphosis 180
L
LAA. See Left atrial appendage
Labetalol 1012
Labial adhesion 704, 748f
Labial agglutination 748
Labial synechiae 748
Labor
care during 403
monitoring stages of 992
Lacrimal system 920
Lactase 470
Lactate dehydrogenase 548, 565, 648
Lactation 111
anatomy and physiology of 112, 113
Lactic acidosis 229, 230, 866
Lactoferrin 436
Lactose 170
malabsorption 159
Lactuca sativa 139
Lactulose 1022
Lagenidium 307
Lagophthalmos 920
Lamivudine 320, 321, 1014
Lamotrigine 1006
Language
development 27, 32
milestones 30, 30t
Lansoprazole 1022
Lanugo 383, 385f
Lapsed immunizations 266
Large for gestational age 382
Large head
approach to 60f
Large vessel vasculitis 850
Laryngeal diphtheria 326, 593
Laryngeal mask airway 376
Laryngeal spasms 331
Laryngomalacia 581, 591
Laryngoscope 377f, 401
Laryngotracheal obstruction, management of complete 598f
Laryngotracheitis, acute 593
Laryngotracheobronchitis 291, 590, 593
L-asparaginase 510, 1005
Late neonatal mortality rate 978b, 980t
Late-onset sepsis 432
Lathyrus sativus 210
LBW. See Low birth weight
LDH. See Lactate dehydrogenase
LD bodies 347
Lead 208, 926
poisoning 519, 522
toxicity, treatment 209
Left-to-right shunts 656
Legumes 142
Learning disability 73
Learning disorder 73, 74
diagnosis of 74b
Lecithin 418, 419
Ledipasvir 1018
Left ventricular
assist device 654
dysfunction 674
enlargement 647
function 673f
hypertrophy 649, 666, 674
Leigh disease 887
Leishman-Donovan bodies 346, 347
Leishmania 346
Leishmaniasis 346, 492
Leishmanin skin test 347
Lemli-Opitz syndrome 887
Length
at birth 7
in infancy 8
measuring 10
of newborn 382
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome 771
Lens 921
Leptin receptor genes 55
Leptospiral antibodies 496
Leptospirosis 491, 707
Leptotrombidium deliense 364
Lesch-Nyhan disease 887
Lethal skeletal dysplasias 893
Let-down reflex 112
Leukemia 194, 262, 493, 560, 927, 928
eye findings in 928t
Leukocoria 919f
Leukocyte
adhesion defect 835
count 158
esterase test 704
infiltration of 712
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis, drug-induced 915f
Leukodepleting filter 537f
Leukomalacia, periventricular 455, 801, 801f
Leukopenia 158, 433, 523, 524
Leukotriene 137
receptor antagonist 589, 618, 998
Levamisole 724, 1009
Levetiracetam 773
Levofloxacin 284, 288, 1002
Levosalbutamol 997
LFT. See Liver function test
LH. See Luteinizing hormone
Lichenification 897f
Lid
abnormalities 920
retraction 920
Lidocaine hydrochloride 996
Life expectancy 980t
Lifestyle changes
in hypertension 741
Li-Fraumeni syndrome 742t
Ligament of Treitz 480
Ligandin 440
Light-emitting diodes 444
Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 811
Lincosamide. See also Clindamycin hydrochloride
Line probe assays 286
Linezolid 288, 522, 1004
Linoleic acid 137
Lipase deficiency 471
Lipid 137, 188
metabolism defect 887
soluble agents 962
storage disorders 481
Lipoid pneumonia 961
Lipomeningocele 765f
Lipomyelomeningocele 765
Lipopolysaccharides 364, 585
Lipoprotein
high density 57, 722
low-density 137
Liposomal amphotericin B 348
Liquid chromatography, high-pressure 178
Lithium 198
Live born 371
Live virus vaccine, doses of 299
Liver 147, 160, 186, 194, 347, 413, 485
antigen, soluble 499
aspirate 355
biopsy 492, 498, 499
cells 338
cirrhosis of 347
disorder, clinical markers of 482
enzymes 498
failure 229, 558
function test 313, 413, 486, 502, 504
injury, severe 495
midline transverse 646f
palpation of 485f
synthetic 495
Liver disease 148
acute 494, 495
chronicity of 497b
drug-induced 493
LMN. See Lower motor neuron
LMW. See Low molecular weight
Loa loa 349
Lobar consolidation 962
Lobar emphysema 627
congenital 423
Long chain fatty acids 114
Long-acting β-2 agonist. See also Salmeterol
Loop diuretic. See also Furosemide
Loop of Henle 692
limb of 718
Loperamides 462
Lopinavir 320, 321, 1015
Loratadine 1010
Lorazepam 1006
Lordosis 180
LOS. See Late-onset sepsis
Loving attitude 95
Low birth weight 157, 371, 405–10
treatment 407
types of 406
Low fiber diet 138
Low molecular weight 718, 720
Low nutrient density foods 149
Lowe syndrome 928
Lowenstein–Jensen medium 286
Lower gastrointestinal bleeding 480t
Lower motor neuron 753, 757f, 794
dysfunction 757
lesion 756t
signs 755
Lower respiratory tract 275
infections 714
Lower urinary tract 696
disorders of 697
LRTIs. See Lower respiratory tract infections
Lumbar lordosis 810
Lumbar meningomyelocele 380f
Lumbar puncture 287, 433, 775, 782
complications of 758
contraindications for 758
parental counseling for 775
Lumefantrine 344t, 1013
Luminal amebicides 355
Lung 569, 629
and pleura
surface landmarks of 570
surface marking of 570f
and respiratory tract, development of 570
aplasia 627
bilateral hyperinflation of 626f
collapse
right 627f
signs of 610
cysts, congenital 423
hypoplasia 627
maintain adequate oxygen supply 570
maturity, assessment of fetal 418
parenchyma 569
secondary infection in 329
ultrasound 602, 629
volumes 571, 571f
Lupus erythematosus 928
Luteinizing hormone 57
Lymph node
architecture 563
aspirate 281
biopsy, excisional 563
reactive hyperplasia of 565
Lymph vessels 351
Lymphadenitis 351
Lymphadenopathy 493, 611
etiology of 276b
Lymphangiectasia, intestinal 471
Lymphangitis. See also Lymph vessels
Lymphatic filariasis 349, 351, 353
distribution of 350f
Lymphatic imaging 352
Lymphocyte 238, 514, 836
total 319t
Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia 319
Lymphocytic pleocytosis 504
Lymphoid growth 5
Lymphoid tissue 158, 347
Lymphokines 238
Lymphoma 324, 493, 562, 565
Lymphopenia 303
Lymphopoiesis 513
Lymphoproliferative disorders 550
Lymphoreticular malignancies 255
Lysine, deficiency of 131
Lysosomal storage disorders 889
M
MAA. See Mother's absolute affection
Maceration 898f
Macrocephaly 59
Macrocytes 531f
Macrocytic anemia 519, 532
Macrocytic normochromic anemia 191
Macrogametocytes 339
Macrolides 1002
Macronutrient 135, 154
nutritional deficiency of 156
Macrophage 238
activation syndrome 844
Macrosomia 404, 430
Macula, pigmentary degeneration of 927
Macule 896f
Maculopapular rash 291, 367
Magnesium 205, 214, 226
deficiency 163, 205
treatment 205
renal loss of 205
requirement of 205
sulfate 332, 421, 997, 1022
urinary loss of 226
Maintenance fluid
composition of 216
therapy 215
Malabsorption 175
disorders 470, 472, 476
syndromes 193
Malar rash 841f
Malaria 164, 269, 337–46, 492, 707
antigen test 496
chronic complications of 341
congenital 341
diagnosis of 342
life cycle of 338f
parasite 339, 339t
life cycle of 338
pathophysiology of 339
pigment 342
severe 340, 344, 344b
symptoms of 340
transmission of 337
treatment 343, 344
uncomplicated 340, 343b, 345
vaccine 270, 345
development of 345
Malassezia furfur 910
Malignancy 276, 281, 562, 565, 682
diet in 148
Malignant cells, immunophenotypes of 562t
Malnutrition 3, 44, 102, 459, 520, 977, See also Undernutrition
and diarrhea 459
burden of 976
etiopathogenesis of 157–9
IAP classification of 156
in adolescents 102
maternal 3
moderate acute 156, 159, 168, 169
treatment 168
pathophysiology of 158
severe 162t, 163f, 176
acute 154, 156, 159, 160t, 161, 161b, 162, 166, 167, 172, 174, 282, 975
with edema, severe acute 160
without edema, severe acute 160
Wellcome Trust classification 156
WHO classification of 156
Maltase-glucoamylase 470
Maltreatment 107
MAM. See Moderate acute malnutrition 168
Mannitol 221, 1023
Mansonella
ozzardi 349
perstans 349
streptocerca 349
Mansonia annulifera 350
Mansonia uniformis mosquitoes 350
Mantoux test 158, 284, 285, 504
Maple syrup urine disease 888
treatment 888
Marasmic kwashiorkor 156
Marasmus 156
Marfan syndrome 50, 639, 863, 921,
eye findings in 928t
Marrow ablation 266
Mask, nonrebreathing 943, 944, 944f
Mastitis neonatorum 394, 394f
Mastoiditis 291
Masturbation 92
treatment 92
Maternal and neonatal tetanus elimination program 333
Maternal hyperglycemia 430
Maternal malnutrition 3
Mathematical disorder, 74, See also Dyscalculia
Maturation defects 523
Mature pincer grasp 29f
Mcburney point 508
MCHC. See Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
MCKD. See Multicystic dysplastic kidney
MCV. See Mean corpuscular volume
MDI. See pressurised metered dose inhaler
Mean 13
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 519
concentration 518, 519
Measles 158, 177, 258, 259, 290–3, 593
containing vaccines 258, 259
control and elimination 292
diagnosis of 291
immunization, second opportunity for 292
mild 259
modified 291
mortality from 291
mumps, and rubella 245
treatment 291
vaccine 292
virus 290
Measles and rubella
combination vaccine 244
vaccine, single dose of 258
Meat 142
nutritive value of 141t
Mebendazole 362, 1009
Meckel diverticulum 491, 506
Meconium 394, 394f
aspiration syndrome 416, 420, 421, 421fc, 455
treatment 421
ileus 452f, 507
plug syndrome 507
Media opacities 919
Median 13
Medicolegal issues
in community 995
Medium chain triglycerides 137
Medium vessel vasculitis 850
Medullary cystic kidney disease 700, 701
Medullary relapse, isolated 561
Medulloblastoma 791
MEE. See Middle ear effusion
Mefenamic acid 1000
Mefloquine 343, 1013
Megakaryocytes, production of 555
Megakaryocytopoiesis 514
Megalencephaly 59
Megaloblastic anemia 531, 532f, 534
treatment 533
Megaloblastic erythropoiesis 520
Megaloblastic red cell precursors 533f
Megaloblastosis, etiology of 531
Megalocornea 921
Melanocortin pathway 55
Melena 439, 480
Membrane defects 535
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis 711, 714, 730
Membranous nephropathy 718
Memory T cells 238
Menaquinones 185
Menarche, 828, See also Menstruation
Mendel's laws of heredity 870
Mendelian disorders 862
Mendelian inheritance 862
Meningeal inflammation 775
Meningeal signs 754, 777
Meningeal tubercle 779
Meningeal tumors 792
Meningitis 218, 219, 424, 428, 437, 462, 477, 777, 925
acute 778t
CSF findings in acute 778t
fluids in 218
neonatal 755
tubercular 780
Meningocele 764f
Meningococcal meningitis 778, 779
Meningococcal rash 291
Meningococcal vaccines 264
Meningoencephalitis 294, 298
Meningomyelocele 764f, 765f
Menkes kinky hair disease 887
Menorrhagia 554
Menstruation 5
Mental function test, higher 754
Mental health 106
Mental illness 104
Mental status 947
Merogony 339
Meropenem 1004
Merozoite vaccine 345
Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis 721
Mesenteric veins 506
Mesial temporal sclerosis 770
Mesocardia 646f
Metabolic acidosis 227–230, 411, 713, 732
treatment 230
Metabolic alkalosis 228–231, 486
treatment 231
Metabolic alterations 158
Metabolic and storage disorders 481
Metabolic bone disease 407
Metabolic cardiomyopathy 654
Metabolic disorder 442, 494, 500, 510, 859, 938
Metabolic syndrome 57t, 58
Metabolism 179
inborn error of 3, 229, 426, 429, 486, 887, 890, 951
Metal 211
and binding proteins 1065
Metalloprotoporphyrins 446
Metaphyseal 891
osteomyelitis 840f
Metapneumovirus 593
Metarhizium 307
Metastatic adenopathy 565
Metastatic brain tumor, secondary 791
Meter dose inhaler 616, See also Pressurized metered dose inhaler
Metformin therapy 229
Methacholine 958
Methanol 229
Methemoglobinemia 548, 549
treatment 549
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 369, 434
Methionine 956
pathway 888f
Methoprene 353
Methotrexate 192, 520, 845
Methoxamine, injection 668
Methylcobalmin 1020
Methyldopa 1012
Methylene blue 548, 956
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency 192
Methylprednisolone 525
Methylxanthine. See Aminophylline
Metoclopramide hydrochloride 1008
Metoprolol 1012
Metronidazole 510, 733, 1023
Microcephaly 59
approach to 59
causes of 59b
in congenital 449
in Zika syndrome 449
Microcytic anemia 519, 528
Microcytosis 543
Microdeletion syndrome 875
Microduplication syndromes 862
Microfilaremia 352
Microfilaria 350, 351
Microfilarial density 350, 351
Microgametocytes 339
Micronutrient 196, 197
Micronutrient deficiencies
in adolescents 102
in SAM 164
prevention of 209–10
Micronutrient interactions 210
Micropenis 698
Microsporum 910
Microvascular failure 946
Micturating cystourethrography 698, 705
Midazolam 783, 1007
Mid-day meal program 150, 987
Middle ear 572
effusion 574
Middle adolescence 97, 99t
Midparental height, calculation of 43b
Migraine 789, 790
Milestones 27
adaptive 27
cognitive 27
language 30
motor 27
personal social 30
Milia 395
Miliary tuberculosis 283, 284
Milium, 899f, See also Milia
Milk
and milk products 142
expression, method of 121
formula 120
mature 114
not enough 120
nutritive value of 140t
preterm 114
production 120
physiology of 112
transitional 114
types of 114
Milk secretion reflex, 112, See also Prolactin reflex
Milky fluid 504
Miller-Fisher syndrome 796
Milrinone 654, 949, 1020
Miltefosine 348
Mineral 196, 197
and trace elements 207, 208
in breastmilk 115
metabolism defect 887
Mineralocorticoid excess, primary 740
Minoxidil 1012
Mipomersen 882
Missense 556
Minimum dietary diversity 129
Mission Indradhanush 987
Mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid 867f
Mitochondrial diseases 887
Mitochondrial disorders 429, 481, 866
Mitochondrial encephalopathy 866
Mitochondrial heteroplasmy 867f
Mitochondrial homoplasmy 867f
Mitochondrial inheritance 866, 867f
Mitral regurgitation 643, 677
Mitral stenosis 654, 677
Mitral valve prolapse 639
Mixed neuronal-glial tumors 791
Moderate acute malnutrition 144t, 156, 168–9
Modified checklist for autism in toddlers (M-CHAT) 78
Modified family foods 165
Modified measles 291
Molecular mimicry antibodies 712
Molluscum contagiosum 908, 908f
treatment 908
Molybdenum 196, 208
nutritional deficiency of 208
Mometasone furoate 589
Mongolian spots 395, 395f
Mongoloid slant 920
Monoarthritis 840
Monocyte 238
colony stimulating factor 514
Monocytopoiesis 514
Monogenic diabetes 820
Monogenic disorders 862
Monogenic malformation syndrome 877t
Monogenic obesity 55
Monophonic wheezing 609
Monoplegia 800f
Monosaccharides 136
Monosymptomatic enuresis 87
Montelukast sodium 998
Montenegro test. See Leishmanin skin test
Moraxella catarrhalis 578, 593
Moro reflex 389, 389f
Morphine 219, 332, 1000
Mortality indicators 980t
Morquio syndrome 887, 890
Mosaicism 868
Mosquito 309, 351
Mothball intoxication, clinical features of 549
Mother and child protection (MCP) card 63
for 18 months 69f
for 24 months 70f
for 3 years 71f
for 2–3 months 65f
for 4–6 months 66f
for 7–9 months 67f
for 10–12 months 68f
Mother's absolute affection (MAA) program 125
Mother own milk 125
Motor axonal neuropathy, acute 796
Motor development 27
Motor milestones 27
Motor system examination 754, 755t
Motor tics 92
Motor-sensory axonal neuropathy, acute 796
Movement disorders 803, 804, 804t
classification 803
Moxifloxacin 284
MPGN. See Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
MPS. See Mucopolysaccharidosis
MRSA. See Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
MR spectroscopy 759
MRI lung 629
MRSOPA 376
MTDNA. See Mitochondrial DNA
MUAC. See Mid-upper arm circumference
Mucociliary clearance disorders 609
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis 346
Mucocutaneous involvement
in JDM 848
in SLE 845
Mucopolysaccharidosis 887, 889
Multicystic dysplastic kidney 700, 701, 702f
Multicystic encephalomalacia 801, 801f
Multidrug resistance, in TB 284
Multidrug resistant S. typhi 335
Multifactorial inheritance 869
Multilocular cysts 702
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia 891t
Multiple pituitary hormone deficiency 830b
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MISC) 314
diagnostic criteria 313b
management of 315fc
Mumps 293–5
control 295
infection with 293
meningitis 294
neurological manifestations of 294
prophylaxis 294
treatment 294
vaccine 249
Murine typhus 367, 368
Murmur 662
appearance of 636
diastolic 644
ejection systolic 643, 644, 662, 671
indicates 671
mitral diastolic 662
systolic 643
types of 644f
Muscarinic receptor antagonist 618
Muscle
deltoid 263
detrusor 691
dysfunction 757
mass 160
pain 193
tone, decreased 757
weakness 222
Muscle relaxant. See Baclofen
Muscular dystrophies 809–11
Musculoskeletal diseases
in JDM 848
Musculoskeletal injuries 415
Musculoskeletal pain 839f
Mushrooms, muscarine-containing 958
Mutations 861
Myalgia 309, 310, 367
Myasthenia gravis 231, 919
Mycobacteria 711
growth indicator tube 286
Mycobacterium 282, 289
avium 323
bovis 251
infections, atypical 565
kansasii 324
tuberculosis 251, 282, 323, 779
Mycophenolate mofetil 724, 847
Mycoplasma pneumoniae 329, 601, 682, 796
Mycotoxins 211
Myelitis, transverse 298, 335
Myelodysplastic syndrome 523
Myelomeningocele 762
treatment 763
Myelopathy, compressive 796
Myelophthisic anemia 523
Myeloproliferative disorders 520
Myocarditis 291, 298, 309, 335, 676
Myoclonic seizure 426, 804t
Myoclonus 804
Myoglobinuria 952
Myopathy 331
Myotonic dystrophy 866
My plate 147
Myxedematous cretinism 199
N
NAAT. See Nucleic acid amplification test
Nada's criteria 645, 645t
Nail biting 91
Naked eye single tube red cell osmotic fragility test 542
Nanovalent HPV vaccine 270
Nalidixic acid 548, 1002
Naloxone 956
Naproxen 1000
Narcolepsy 92
Nasal allergen provocation test 585
Nasal bridge, depressed 640f
Nasal cannula 943, 943f
Nasal catheters 943
Nasal congestion 310, 574
Nasal decongestants 589
Nasal diphtheria 326
Nasal discharge 615
Nasal flaring 943
Nasal prongs 943
Nasal saline irrigation 589
Nasogastric losses 217
Nasogastric tube 461f, 503, 660
Nasolabial dysbacea 188
Nasopharyngeal aspirate 612
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma 562, 565
Nasopharyngeal catheter 944, 944f
Nasopharyngitis 582, 583
treatment 583
Natal teeth 395
National anemia control program 530–1
National guidelines on infant and young child feeding 131
National health mission 981–3
National Immunization days (NID) 271
National immunization program 243–4
National immunization schedule 244t
National iodine deficiency disorder control program 200
National nutrition program 150
National nutritional initiatives 150–1
National program for TB 284
National program on breastfeeding 124
National rural health mission 982f, 983
National strategic plan for tuberculosis elimination 284
National tuberculosis elimination program 284
National urban health mission 982f, 983
Natural growth rate 980t
Natural immunity 235
Natural killer cells 238
Navjaat shishu suraksha karyakram 986
Natural killer cells 235, 238, 316
Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram 986
NBCCs. See Newborn care corners
NBSUS. See Newborn stabilization units
NCD. See Non-communicable disease
Nebulization 1019
Nebulizer 618
NEC. See Necrotizing enterocolitis
Necator americanus 360
Neck
edema 722
mass 576f
Necrotizing enterocolitis 392f, 407, 424, 451, 452f
Necrotizing fasciitis 583, 905
Necrotizing infection 905f
Neglect and negligent treatment 968
Neglected tropical diseases 353
Neisseria
gonorrhoeae 437, 583, 680
meningitidis 682, 711
meningitis 777, 778
Nelfinavir 320, 1015
Nematodes 358
Neomycin 900
Neonate. See Newborn
Neonatal and infantile cholestasis syndromes 481
Neonatal bilirubin nomogram 443f
Neonatal bleeding, causes of 438
Neonatal cholestasis 496, 497
causes of 497b
Neonatal encephalopathy 411
Neonatal fluid requirements 216
Neonatal growth charts 455
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia 440, 446
Neonatal hypocalcemia 431
treatment 431
Neonatal hypoglycemia 429
treatment of 429
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, grading of 412t
Neonatal intensive care unit 125, 401, 407
disinfection protocols in 401
visitor policy in 401
Neonatal jaundice 440
Neonatal lupus erythematosus 846
Neonatal mortality
causes of 402
rate 402, 978, 980
Neonatal mortality rate 402, 978b, 980, 980t
causes of 979
Neonatal nomenclature 371
Neonatal reflexes 389
Neonatal resuscitation 372, 374b, 378, 378t
Neonatal screening 884
Neonatal seizures 425, 428, 755
causes of 428
management of 428fc
treatment 426
Neonatal sepsis 432, 433, 437
antibiotics for 435t
therapy for 434t
treatment 433
Neonatal tetanus 331–333, 435
prevention of 332
treatment 436
Neonatal transport 453
Neostigmine 956
Nephritic syndrome 711, 711t
Nephritis 294
Nephritogenic antigen, implantation of 712
Nephrogenesis, early 742
Nephron, structure of 692f
Nephronophthisis 701
treatment 701
Nephrotic syndrome 711t, 713,721–5
edema in 726t
parental counseling for 749t
referral in 749t
terminologies used 724t
Nerve injuries 415
Nervous system 145
peripheral 756, 963
tracts of 756t
NESTROFT. See Naked eye single tube red cell osmotic fragility test
Net acid excretion 694
Neural tube 763f
Neural tube defects 762–6
and folic acid 192
risk factors for 762b
Neuraminidase inhibitor. See Oseltamivir
Neuraxis 757f
Neuritis, peripheral 326
Neurocutaneous syndrome, stigmata of 772
Neuroblastoma 276, 565
Neurocutaneous syndromes 787
Neurocysticercosis 363, 785, 786, 786t
management of 786fc
stages of 785fc
treatment 786
Neurodegenerative disorders 951
Neurodevelopmental disability 455
Neurodevelopmental disorders 74
Neuroendocrine tumors 740
Neurofibromatosis 772f, 863, 919, 928
Neurogenic bladder 696
Neurohypophysis 813
Neuroimaging
in cerebral palsy 801
in febrile seizure 776
in neonatal seizures 426
in seizures 772
in status epilepticus 951
Neurological diagnosis 754, 756
Neurological evaluation 752–8
Neurological examination 754
Neurological history 753
Neurological lesion 755
Neurological symptoms 752
Neuromuscular junction
disorders 808f
symptoms of involvement 758t
Neuropsychiatric involvement
in SLE 846
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses 925
Neuronal injury, pathophysiology of 412fc
Neuronal-glial tumors, mixed 791
Neuropathy 191, 331
Neuroretinitis 926
Neurosonogram 767
Neurotoxic, risk factors 442
Neurotransmitters, synthesis of 189
Neutropenia 320, 836
Neutrophil 514
Neutrophilia, severe 836
Nevirapine 320, 321, 324t, 1015
syrup 324
New Ballard score 384f
Newborn
anthropometric examination in 382
apena in 424
assessment of 386–7
at birth 993
bilirubin nomogram in 443f
bleeding in 438
care at birth 379–82
cause of deaths in India 979
classification of 382
common problems of 393
danger signs in 387
deaths prevention of 403
discharge of 399
examination of 388–93
follow-up care of 399
gestational age estimation in 383
growth charts for 455
head-to-toe examination in 389
hyperbilirubinemia in 440–7
hypocalcemia in 431
hypoglycemia in 429–30
infection control in 400–1
maintenance of temperature 396–9
respiratory distress in 416
screening for hypothyroidism 816
seizure in 425
stools in 394
surgical conditions in 449–53
survival 402–5
temperature maintenance 379
tetanus in 436
thrombocytopenia in 439
vital signs in 388
Newborn care
corners 986
facility-based 991
Newborn stabilization units 986
Newer vaccines 269–71
Newly diagnosed ITP 554
Next generation sequencing 880
Niacin 186, 188, 193
deficiency 189, 193
toxicity of 189
Nickel 208
Niclosamide 1009
Nicotine 219
alkaloids 958
Nicotinic receptors 963
NICU. See Neonatal intensive care unit
Niemann-Pick disease 481, 887, 889,
eye findings in 928t
Nifedipine 653, 1012
Night awakening 92
Night blindness 923
Nipple
and areola 112
confusion 120
cracked 120, 122
retracted 120f
Nitazoxanide 357, 1009
Nitisinone 888
Nitric oxide 340
synthase 412
therapy, inhaled 421
Nitroblue tetrazolium test 836, 836f
Nitrofurantoin 510, 548, 705, 1004
Nitroglycerin 653
Nitroprusside 949
NLPHL. See Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma
NMDA. See N-methyl d-aspartate
NMDAR. See N-methyl d-aspartate receptor
N-methyl d-aspartate 412
receptor 784
NMR. See Neonatal mortality rate
NNRTIS. See Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Nocturnal paroxysmal cough 351
Nodular lesions 907f
Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma 562
Nodular scabies 907
Nodule 897f
Nonaccidental traumatic brain injury 971
Nonarticular pains 839
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema 366
Non-communicable disease 104, 106, 106b, 107
Non-concomitant squint 922
Non-glomerular hematuria 708
Nonhereditary kidney cysts 700
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma 281, 562, 562t, 564, 564t, 565
treatment 565
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 320, 1015
Non-mendelian inheritance 866
Non-obstructive hydrocephalus 767
Non-polio AFP rate 798
Non-purulent conjunctivitis 852f
Non-rebreathing mask 944, 944f
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 999
Non-transfusion-dependent thalassemia 543
Noonan syndrome 639
Norepinephrine 654, 949, 1020
infusions 940
Norfloxacin 1002
Normal delivery 991
Normal saline 216t
Normocytic anemia 520
Norwegian scabies 907, 907f
Norwood operation 688
NOS. See Nitric oxide synthase
Nose
anatomy of 574, 574f
bleed 577
block 585
examination of 574
external 574
internal 574
Not enough milk 120
NOVA classification 149
NSAIDs. See Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Nucleic acid 175, 205
amplification test 284, 285, 289, 780
Nucleoproteins 175
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 320, 321, 1014, 1015
Nucleotide polymorphism, single 861
Nurturing care 1
Nutrients 135–8
and nutritional requirements 135, 138
categories of 135
Nutrition 43, 103, 408, 413, 604
and pneumonia 604
education, strategies for 153b
for LBW 408
in chronic diseases 147, 498
indicators 980
interventions 148
maternal 7
normal 135
status, trends in 155f
supplementary 150
surveillance system, essential elements of 152t
Nutritional anemia 521, 522
treatment of 522
Nutritional anthropometry 143
Nutritional counseling 689
Nutritional deficiency 158, 483, 977
Nutritional disorder 3, 154
Nutritional education 152
Nutritional problems 100, 498
Nutritional rehabilitation 153
Nutritional requirement 102
Nutritional rickets 182t
prevention of 183
treatment of 183
Nutritional status 143, 172
classification of 159t
Nutritional surveillance 151
Nutritional therapy
for diabetes 823
in CKD 736
Nutritional value
of foods 138-43
of nuts 141t
of pulses 139t
Nuts and oil seeds 142
nutritive value of 141t
NVP. See Nevirapine
Nystagmus 923
O
OAE. See Otoacoustic emissions
Obesity 51–58
and growth 4
and screen time exposure 93
approach to a child 55
diet in 148
in adolescents 102
indices of 51
prevention of 57
secondary 55
Obligatory shunt 637
Observing a breastfeed 118
Obstetric disorders 3
Obstructive airway disease 571
Obstructive hydrocephalus 766
Obstructive lesions 655, 656, 672
Obstructive pulmonary arterial hypertension 658, 663
Obstructive sleep apnea 92, 615
Occipital encephalocele 765f
Occult bacteremia, risk of 279
Ocular abnormality 296
Ocular motility 922
Ocular motion, disturbances of 412
Ocular myasthenia gravis 920f
Odontogenic abscess 331
Ofloxacin 284, 335, 705, 1002
OGTT. See Oral glucose tolerance test
Oilseeds
nutritive value of 141t
Oligoarthritis 842, 843
Oligogenic inheritance 869
Oligosaccharidosis 887
Oliguria 217, 729
Olopatadine 589
OME. See Otitis media with effusion
Omega-3 fatty acids 137
Omega-6 fatty acids 137
Omphalitis 436
Omphalocele 380f
Onchocerca volvulus 349
Ondansetron hydrochloride 1008
Onychomycosis, dermatophyte 911f
Oophoritis 294
Ophthalmia neonatorum 437
Opioid analgesic 999
Opioid toxic syndrome 958
Opportunistic infections 322
Opsoclonus 923
Opsonization 240
Optic atrophy 926
Optic neuritis 926
OPV. See Oral polio vaccine
Oral candidiasis 391f
Oral cholera vaccines 264
Oral glucose tolerance test 821
Oral live vaccines 267
Oral polio vaccine 244, 245, 254, 255, 993
Oral rehydration salt (ORS) 460. Also see ORS
Oral rehydration therapy 460
Oral thrush 575
Oral ulceration 575
Orbit 919
Orchitis 294
Organic acids 138
Organic aciduria 426
Organophosphate
intoxication 962
poisoning
signs of 963t
symptoms of 963t
treatment of 964b
Organophosphorus poisoning 795, 962, 964
treatment 964
Organ-threatening complications 846
Orientia tsutsugamushi infection 367
Orobuccal pigmentation 490
Oropharynx, cobble stoning of 586
ORS. See Oral rehydration salts
physiological basis of 460
through nasogastric tube 461
Orthomyxoviridae 310
Orthostatic proteinuria 718
Orthostatic test 718
Oseltamivir 311f, 1019
Osler nodes 641
Osmolarity, reduced 460t
Osmotic fragility 547
Osteitis fibrosa cystica 735
Osteochondritis 448
Osteogenesis imperfecta 892, 893f, 921
Osteomalacia 180
Osteomyelitis 625
Osteopetrosis 891, 892, 893f
Osteoporosis 204
Ostium primum 633
Ostium secundum 633
atrial septal defect 664
defect 666
Otalgia 578
Otitis media 81, 330
chronic suppurative 579
with effusion 579
Otoacoustic emissions 72
Otogenic tetanus 330
Otoscope 573f
Otoscopic evaluation 578
Otoscopic examination method 573f
Otoscopy 572
Ovarian cyst 479
Overfeeding 82
Overhydration 163
Overweight and obesity 102
Oxazolidinone. See Linezolid
Oxcarbazepine 773
Oxidative hexose monophosphate shunt pathway 547
Oxybutynin 89
Oxygen 956
delivery devices, types of 943t
requirement, increased fetal 411
saturation 375t
measurement of 389f
therapy 613, 943, 945
toxicity 966, 967, 967t
treatment 967
Oxygen hood 945
Oxygen mask 944
Oxygen saturation 389f
Oxygen tent 945
Oxymetazoline 589
Oxyphenylbutazone 524
Oxytocin reflex 112, 113f
P
P wave 648
Packed cell 249
volume 172, 514
Packed red blood cell transfusion 541
indications of 522b
Paladai feeding 123f, 400
Palliative cardiac surgeries 688
Pallor 276
Palmar cyst 897f
Palmar erythema 483, 483f, 497
Palmar pallor 482f
Palpable purpura 490
over legs 366f
Palpebral conjunctiva
congestion 640f
loses 177
PALS. See Pediatric advanced life support
PAMP. See Pathogen-associated molecular patterns
PANCA. See Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody
Pancarditis 676
Pancreas 813
parenchymal involvement of 357
Pancreatic amylase deficiency 470
Pancreatic disorders 510
Pancreatic divisum 511
Pancreatic duct scars, post-traumatic 511
Pancreatic insufficiency 471
Pancreatic lipase 471
Pancreatitis 294, 363, 510–512
Pancytopenia 347, 523, 550
PANK2 gene 192
Pansystolic murmur 643, 644
Pantothenic acid 186, 192, 193, 193t
supplementation, treatment 192
Papilledema 925, 926f
Papillitis 926
Pappenheimer bodies 541
Papular urticaria 902, 902f
Parechoviruses 782
Paracetamol 229, 275, 278, 733
poisoning 964, 965
acute 965fc
treatment 965
toxicity, stages of 964t
Parainfluenza virus 269, 329, 595, 609
Paralysis
ascending 794
descending 794
diaphragmatic 231
periodic 795
Paralytic poliomyelitis
natural 255
vaccine-associated 254
Paranasal sinuses 629
Paraphimosis 745
Parapneumonic effusion 605
Parasitic infections 322
Parasitized erythrocytes 340
Parasternal impulse 665
Parasympathetic peripheral junctions 963
Parathyroid
fever 334
glands 813
hormone 204, 227
Paratyphoid fever. See Salmonella paratyphi
Paraphimosis 745
Parapneumonic effusion 605
Parasomnias 92
Parent counseling and education
for asthma 623
for breastfeeding 121
for celiac disease 475
for complementary feeding 132–4
for developmental delay 72
for epilepsy 773
for failure to thrive 42
for febrile seizure 776
for fever 278
for genetic disorders 894–5
for heart diseases 689–90
for kidney disease 749–51
for liver diseases 505–12
for newborn care 400
for prevention of anemia 529–30
for prevention of respiratory disorders 630–1
for undernutrition 171-2
for vaccination 273
Parents’ evaluation of developmental status (PEDS) 63
Parietal lobe, dysfunction of 756t
Parkinsonism 804
Paromomycin 348, 355
Paronychia 91, 905, 905f
Parotitis 294
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria 550
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria 549
Partial rebreathing mask 943, 944f
Passive immunity 236
Passive immunization 242
Pasteurella multocida 680
Pasteurized donor human milk 125
Parvovirus B19 447, 449
Patau syndrome 874
Patent ductus arteriosus 296, 447, 635, 636, 655, 661–664
hemodynamics of 662f
treatment 664
Pauci-immune glomerulonephritis 716
PCBs. See Polychlorinated biphenyls
PCR. See Polymerase chain reaction
PCV. See Packed cell volume
PDA. See Patent ductus arteriosus
Pea soup diarrhea 335
Peak nasal inspiratory flow meter 588
Pearson syndrome 522
Pedal edema 611, 722
Pediatric advanced life support 938, 948
Pediatric intensive care unit 948, 953
Pediatric migraine disability assessment tool 790
Pedigree drawing 862
Pegabtinib 882
Pellagra 189
Pellagrous boot 189
Pellagrous glove 189, 189f
Pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction 479
Pemphigus, infected lesions of 903f
Penicillamine 956
Penicillin 332, 546, 677
G 778
aqueous 1003
benzathine 1003
high-dose 222
prophylaxis 545
V 1003
Penile epstein pearl 395f
Pentamidine 348
Pentazocine hydrochloride 1000
Pentoxiphylline 436
Peptic ulcer disease 479, 487
Peptidoglycans 585
Percentiles 13
Perforins 238
Perianal desquamation 852f
Perianal excoriation 473
Perianal itching 361
Pericarditis 298, 676, 682–4
Pericardial rub 645
Pericardial tuberculosis 283
Perinatal asphyxia 59, 406, 411, 428
and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy 411, 413, 414
treatment 413
Perinatal infection 447–9
Perinatal mortality rate 402, 978b, 980, 980t
Perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody 491, 716
Periodic limb movement disorder 92
Periostitis 448
Peripheral blood
film 535
picture 541
smear 342, 439, 536f, 545f, 733
Peripheral smear 492, 532, 545, 560
examination 517, 551
Peritoneal cavity 725
Peritoneal dialysis 221, 225, 732, 737, 737t, 957
Peritoneal signs 486
Peritonitis 606
Peritonsillar abscess 331, 583, 590
Periurethral itching, causes of 361
Permanent teeth 8
eruption, timing of 9f
Pernicious anemia, causes of 190
Peroxisomal disorders 887
Persistent diarrhea 357, 458, 467, 468
treatment 467
Persistent organic pollutants 211
Persistent proteinuria 718, 720
Persistent pulmonary hypertension 417
Personal social milestones 29, 30t
Personality problems 80
Personal-social development 27, 32
Pertussis 267, 328–330
toxin 328
treatment 329
vaccine 330
Pervasive developmental disorders screening test 78
Pesticides 211
Petechiae 439, 520, 551, 899
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome 490
Peyer patches 334, 335
PFT. See Pulmonary function test
Phagocytes 235
Phagocytic defect 835, 838
Phagocytosis, role in 238
Phakomatoses 927
Pharyngeal arches and uvula, inspection of 575
Pharyngitis 575, 581, 584, 713, 715, 774
acute treatment 583
Pheniramine maleate 1011
Phenobarbitone 438, 733, 1007
Phenothiazine 926
Phenylalanine 136, 470
restricted diet 888
Phenylephrine 589, 669, 949, 739
Phenylketonuria 887, 887f, 888
treatment 888
Phenytoin 192, 438, 524, 733, 773
sodium 996, 1007
Philadelphia chromosome 560
Phimosis 704, 745, 751
parental counseling for 751t
referral for 751t
Phlebotomus 346, 348
Phlyctenular keratitis 921
Phosphate 214
binders 217
Phosphatidylglycerol 418
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor 654
Phospholipids 137
Phosphorus 142
Photophobia 188
Phototherapy 443, 444
Phylloquinone 185
Physical abuse 968
Physical activity 54, 55b
for diabetes 823
in obesity 57
Physical development
in adolescence 99t
Physical barriers 158
Physical examination 46, 108, 109b
Physical growth
assessment of 10
velocity of 12
Physical handicaps 2, 977
Physician
role in community 995
Physiological jaundice 394, 441
Physostigmine 956
Phytic acid 204
Pica 87
cause of 87
history of 515
treatment 87
PICU. See Pediatric intensive care unit
Pigeon chest 180
Pimecrolimus 913
Pincer grasp 29f
Pineal region tumors 792
Pingueculae 920
Pinworm infestation, 361, See also Enterobiasis
Piperacillin 1003
Piperazine 1009
Pituitary tumor adenoma 814
Pityriasis versicolor 910, 910f
treatment 910
Pityrosporum ovale 910
Placenta 636
transfer 3
Plane warts 909f
Plantar creases 383, 385f
Plasma 213, 249, 725
ascorbic acid 194
glucose, random 821
iron 526
osmolarity increases 221
protein 136, 722
reabsorption phase 303
regain, rapid 448
Plasmapheresis 797
Plasminogen 438
Plasmodium 337
aldolase 342
falciparum 270, 337, 340, 342, 548, 711
infections 527
knowlesi 337
malariae 337
infection 339
ovale 337
parasite 526
vivax 337, 345
Plastic wrap 378f
Plasticizers 211
Platelet 438
aggregation 365
count 439, 554fc
disorders 438, 551, 558t
function 438, 552
production, decreased 438
role of 305
transfusion 555
Platynychia 515
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma 791
Pleura 626
Pleural effusion 283, 571, 627f, 722, 962
Pleural fluid 605
cytology 606
examination 287
Pleural tap 608
Pleural thickening 608
Pleurocentesis 287
Plexiform neuroma 919
PLMD. See Periodic limb movement disorder
Plumbism 209
PMDI. See Pressurized metered-dose inhaler
Pneumatic otoscope 572, 573f
Pneumatoceles 603f
Pneumatosis coli 355
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine 243, 260
Pneumococcal disease 259
Pneumococcal meningitis 778, 788f
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 259
Pneumococcal vaccine 259, 260
Pneumococcus 259, 682, 711
Pneumocystis jirovecii 319, 322
pneumonia 323, 324
Pneumomediastinum 422, 962
Pneumonia 231, 291, 417, 420, 420f, 424, 462, 467, 601, 602, 602b, 604–606, 610, 975
antibiotic for non-severe 604t
atypical 602
childhood 243
congenital 407
etiology of 601
hospital-acquired 601
prevention of 604
severe 603, 604, 608
stages of 602
symptoms of 602
treatment 603
types of 601b
Pneumonitis 298, 322
Pneumopericardium 422
Pneumoperitoneum 422
Pneumothorax 231, 417, 422, 627f, 962
in newborn 417
X-ray in 626
PNH. See Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
PNIF. See Peak nasal inspiratory flow meter
POCSO Act 970
Podocytes 718
Pointers to abuse 969
Poisoning 954–9
approach to a child with 955f
first aid 955b
general management 954
predisposing factors 954
Poliomyelitis 158, 231
eradication 255
vaccine 244, 254–6
Polyarteritis nodosa 707
Polyarthralgia, severe 309
Polyarthritis 676, 840, 842–844
Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis 844
Polycystic disease 221
Polycythemia 640f, 927
Polydactyly 381f
Polydrug resistance 284
Polyenes 998
Polyethylene glycol 90, 956
Polygenic inheritance 870
Polygenic obesity 55
Polymerase chain reaction 281, 342, 368, 448, 543, 648, 729, 810, 873, 879, 880f, 952
Polymicrobial typhlitis 490
Polymorphonuclear cells 238
Polymorphonuclear leukocyte defect 836
Polymyxin 1004
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia 866
Polyphonic wheezing 609
Polysaccharide 241
capsular antigen 334
vaccines 242, 264
Polysaccharide-protein conjugate meningococcal vaccines 264
Polyserositis 302, 503
Polyuria 217
Pompe disease 889
Pork tapeworm 785
Portal hypertension
causes of 501t
splenomegaly in 490
Port-wine stain 772f
POSHAN Abhiyaan 530, 987
Positioning, for breastfeeding 117, 117f
Positive pressure ventilation 375
Posterior fossa
malformations 766t
tumors 791
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome 713
Posterior rhinoscopy 574
Posterior urethral valves 698
Postexposure prophylaxis 263t, 297, 299, 324
vaccines for 263
Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus 768f
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis 347
Postnatal examination 993
Postnatal growth 6
factors affecting 3
Postnatal rubella 296
Postnatal ward 118
visitor policy in 401
Postneonatal mortality rate 978
Postobstructive diuresis 217
Postpyoderma scars 712f
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis 708f, 709, 710, 712f, 713f, 715, 720
treatment 715
Post-term baby 392f
Potassium 214, 222, 224, 715
balance, regulation of 215
channel activator 1011
chloride 216, 460, 1023
containing 224
deficiency of 163
homeostasis 215
Potassium sparing diuretic. See Spironolactone
Potts shunt 688
Poxvirus infection 908
Prader-Willi syndrome 55, 78, 866, 875
Pralidoxime 956, 958
Praziquantel 1009
Precordial bulge 642
Precordial pain 682
Precordium 672
Prednisolone 623, 727, 1000, 1007
Preeclampsia 3
Pregnancy, multiple 406
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis 884
Prelacteal feeds 111, 126
Premature peptide chain termination 556
Prenatal diagnosis 884
for hemophilia 558
for thalassemia 542
Prenatal growth 5
Prenatal teeth 391f
Prenatal testing 558
Preschool wheezing 621
Pressurized metered-dose inhaler 618, 620b
Preterm 406f
breastfeeding in 122
immunization in 265
milk 114
vs. IUGR 407
Preterm birth complications 402
Preterm low birth weight 406, 406f
problems of 407
pRIFLE criteria 729
Primary amenorrhea 830b
Primary antibody defects 834t
Primary complex 283
Primary dentition 8
Primary enuresis 88, 695t
Primary headache 789
Primary immunodeficiency disorders 834
Primary mediastinal large B-cell 564t
Primary nephrotic syndrome 721
Primary pulmonary tuberculosis 282
Primaquine 345, 548, 1014
Primitive neuroectodermal tumor 791
Privacy 107
Progressive pulmonary tuberculosis 283
Priority signs, assessment of 933b
Procaine penicillin 1003
Prochlorperazine 1008
Prochlorperazine. See Phenothiazine
Proguanil 341
Prokinetic agent 1008
Prolactin reflex 112, 112f
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy 925
Promethazine hydrochloride 1008, 1011
Propionyl-CoA carboxylase 193
Proportionate short stature 43
Propranolol 996, 1012
Proptosis 919
Prostaglandin 137
synthesis of 274
Protease inhibitors 320, 1015
Protective food 138
Protein 114, 136, 205, 214, 235, 471
absorption of 470
balances 54
complete 136
content, high 142
C-reactive 112, 312, 423, 648
deficient 882
digestion of 470
energy malnutrition, severe 194
functions of 136
low level of 882
requirements 136
source of 140
Proteinuria 717–22
estimation of 719
nephrotic-range 719
overflow 718
persistent 718, 720, 721
treatment 719
tubular 718
Proteus mirabilis 364, 703
Prothrombin time 498, 551, 554
Proton pump inhibitor 1022
Provitamin A 176
Prunus amygdalus. See Almond
Pruritic lesions, extensive 906f
Pruritic papules 906f
Pruritus 188
Pseudobulbar palsy 220
Pseudoephedrine 589
Pseudohematuria, causes of 708b
Pseudomonas 322, 432, 435
aeruginosa 592, 605, 703, 903
Pseudoparalysis 194, 448
causes of 195
Pseudotumor cerebri 925
PSGN. See Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Psoriatic arthritis 842, 843, 844
Psychiatric problems 74
Psychological trauma, degree of 747
Psychological treatment 77
Psychomotor changes 161
Psychomotor defects 296
Psychosocial assessment 55
HEEADSSS tool for 108b
Psychosocial history 108
Psychosocial management 42
Psychosocial stressors 93
Psychosocial symptoms 586
PT. See Pertussis toxin
Pteroylglutamic acid. See Folic acid
Ptosis 794, 919, 920f
Pubertal development 97
Pubertal status 56
Puberty 5, 97, 826–7
delayed 830
physiology of 826
precocious 827
PUD. See Peptic ulcer disease
Pulmonary abscesses 606
Pulmonary air-leak syndromes 422
treatment 422
Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula 644
Pulmonary artery 636, 646
hypertension 647, 657
main 632, 647, 665
Pulmonary ascariasis 359
Pulmonary blood flow 632, 669
Pulmonary capillaries 421
Pulmonary circulation 662
Pulmonary component, abnormalities of 643
Pulmonary dysfunction 413
Pulmonary edema 341, 571, 732, 949
Pulmonary function test 611, 616
Pulmonary hemorrhage 417, 438
Pulmonary hypertension 417, 421, 423
Pulmonary index score 622t
Pulmonary interstitial
emphysema 422
fluid 605
Pulmonary oligemia 669
Pulmonary oxygen toxicity, risk for 967
Pulmonary stenosis 296, 639, 655, 658, 668, 670
peripheral 655
severe 650f
Pulmonary symptoms 967
Pulmonary thrombosis 960
Pulmonary toxicity 961
Pulmonary tuberculosis 282, 284
diagnostic tests for 286
evaluation of 285fc
progressive 283
Pulmonary valve autograft 688
Pulmonary vasculature 647f
Pulmonary vein 636f
Pulmonary venous hypertension 647
Pulmonic stenosis, peripheral 644
Pulse 638
polio immunization 271
Pulseless
arrest 938
ventricular tachycardia 940
Pulsus paradoxus 682
Pump failure 941
Punnett square 864f
Pupil 921
Pure red cell aplasia 523
Purified chick embryo cell vaccine 263
Purified duck embryo vaccine 263
Purified protein derivative 282
Purified vero cell vaccine 263
Purpura 899
fulminans 298
Purpuric lesions 709f, 899f
Purpuric rash 841f
over palm 366f
Purulent pericarditis 606
Pyelonephritis 703
Pyloric stenosis 481, 506
symptoms of 506
Pyoderma 436, 715, 903, 905
classification of 903t
primary 903
secondary 903, 903f
treatment 903
Pyogenic meningitis 777, 778
treatment 778
Pyopneumothorax 606
Pyrantel pamoate 1009
Pyrazinamide 287, 288, 780
Pyridoxine 186, 189, 190, 193, 956, 1007
deficiency 189, 522
dependency 189, 190
responsive anemia 519
toxicity 190
Pyrimethamine 1014
Pyrimidine 859
metabolism defect 887
Pyrogens 274
Pyrosequencing 880
Pyruvate kinase 521
deficiency 548
Pyuria 704
Q
Q fever 281, 364, 365, 367, 368
QoL. See Quality of life
QRS
amplitude 649
complex, low voltage 649
QRS amplitude 649
QRS axis 648
QT interval 649
Quadriplegia 800f
Quadrivalent HPV vaccine 270
Quality of life 584
Quantitative buffy coat 342
Quinacrine 357, 524
Quincke edema 901
Quinidine 926
Quinine 344, 1014
Quinine-stimulated hypoglycemia 341
R
Rabies 236
immune globulin 242, 267
vaccine 263, 264
Rachitic rosary 181f
Radiant warmers 401
Radiation 396, 523
Radio-frequency ablation 684
Radiolucent paranasal sinuses, normal 629f
Radiotherapy 523, 564
Raltegravir 320, 321, 1016
Ranitidine 495, 503, 733, 1023
Rapid aneuploidy detection 873
Rapid antigen
detection tests 582, 583
test 312, 313
Rapid dipstick-based tests 704
Rapid eye movement sleep 92
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis 716, 716t, 717, 730
treatment 717
Rasburicase 548
Rash 276, 309
Rashtriya bal swasthya karyakram 988
Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK) 110, 988
RAT. See Rapid antigen test
RBBB. See Right bundle branch block
RBCs. See Red blood cells
RBS. See Random blood sugar
RDS. See Respiratory distress syndrome
Reabsorption 471
Reactive nontreponemal test 448
Reading disorder. See Dyslexia
Ready-to-use therapeutic food 165, 167, 169, 170
Rebreathing mask, partial 943, 944f
Rectal examination 507
Rectal polyp 506
Rectal temperature 396
Recurrent abdominal
distension 505
pain 105
Red blood cell 187, 203, 249, 518, 521, 523, 524, 710, 720, 962
deficient, production of 524
destruction 535
dysmorphic 709f
enzyme defects 547, 549
folate 192
reduced 209
Red blood counts enzyme assay 517
Red cell
morphologic abnormalities 517t
production 694
Red flag signs
abdominal pain 488t
for developmental delay 73
in a child with joint pain 840b
in constipation 489t
in failure to thrive 41t
in headache 790
of development 32
Reductive adaptation 159
Referral
for global developmental delay 73
for growth-related problems 46
for kidney disease 749–51
for obesity 58
of sick newborn 453
Refsum disease 925
Regurgitation 393, 478
Rehabilitation 168
Rehydration fluid 160
Reiter syndrome 928
Renal angina index 731
Renal biopsy 709, 713, 723, 725
indications of 709b, 723b
Renal blood flow 694
Renal causes 503
Renal cell carcinoma 742
Renal cortical necrosis 734
Renal cysts, simple 702
Renal disease 720
edema in 727
end-stage 701, 734, 744
Renal dysfunction, progressive 720
Renal dysplasia 221
Renal failure 229, 341, 344, 466
acute 217
chronic 88
indices 731, 731t
polyuric phase of 217
Renal function 735
test 413, 463, 713
Renal glomerular disorders 739
Renal impairment 159
Renal injury 718
Renal neoplasms 744
Renal osteodystrophy 735
management of 736
pathophysiology of 735fc
Renal papilla 691
Renal parenchymal disease 739
Renal perfusion 159
Renal plasma flow 694
Renal regulation 227
Renal replacement therapy, continuous 732
Renal response 229
Renal scintigraphy 705
Renal tubular
acidosis 222, 230
dysfunction 209
Renin 692, 693
angiotensin system 214
Renoprotection 720
Replacement fluid 221
therapy 217
Reproductive tract infections 99
Reproductive and child health programs 983
Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, Child Plus Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) Program 984–6
ReSoMal 163
Rescue seizure medication 776
Reservoir 334, 351, 364
Respiratory acidosis 228, 229, 231
treatment 231
Respiratory alkalosis 228, 231, 232
treatment 232
Respiratory chain disorders 887
Respiratory compensatory response 227
Respiratory disease 388
prevention of 630
Respiratory disorders 227, 568, 581, 624, 629
prevention of 630, 631
Respiratory distress 416, 422, 423, 941, 942t
and failure 940, 942
treatment 942
and mortality 420
causes of 416t, 422
degree of 594, 601
etiology of 416, 941b
pathogenesis of 594fc
score 418f
severe 172, 599, 608, 960
signs of 602, 941b, 942, 942t
surgical causes of 422
Respiratory distress syndrome 407, 416, 418, 423, 424, 455, 730
pathogenesis of 418fc
treatment 419
X-ray of 419f
Respiratory failure, signs of 942, 942t
Respiratory gas exchange 571
Respiratory hygiene 630, 631
Respiratory infection 237, 262, 930
Respiratory insufficiency 219, 795
Respiratory mucosa 297
Respiratory muscle
impairment 941
weakness 231, 571, 810
Respiratory rate 313, 388, 638, 931t
cut-off values for 275t
Respiratory status 947
Respiratory symptoms 962
Respiratory syncytial virus 269, 329, 609, 612
immunoglobulin 1017
Respiratory system 967
classification of 568
examination 611, 671
Respiratory tract 568, 569f
infection 164, 177, 310, 581
Respiratory weakness 795
Restrictive aorticopulmonary septal defect 644
Reticulocyte count 520–522
Reticuloendothelial system 297
Retina, cyanosis of 927
Retinal arterial occlusion 926
Retinal detachment 927
Retinal venous occlusion 926
Retinitis 309
pigmentosa 925
Retinoblastoma 742
Retinoic acid 176
Retinol 176
activity of 176
Retinopathy
diabetic 924
hypertensive 924
of hematopoietic system 927
Retinopathy of prematurity 407, 925
grades of 925b
treatment 925
zones of 925f
Retinyl ester 176
Retracted nipples 120
treatment 120
Retractile testis 747
Retrobulbar neuritis 926
Retroinfection 361
Retroperitoneal skeletal muscles 478
Retropharyngeal abscess 291, 583, 590, 595f
Rett syndrome 78
Reye's syndrome 278, 310
Rh
hemolytic disease 444
incompatibility 481
isoimmunization 444
Rhabdoid tumor 791
Rhabdomyolysis 952
Rheumatic diseases 839
Rheumatic fever 928
diagnosis of 678
prevention of 678
prophylaxis 678t
Rheumatic heart disease 677, 678
Rheumatic illnesses 550
Rheumatoid arthritis 682, 928
Rheumatoid factor 841, 844
Rheumatologic disease 281
symptom of 839
Rhinitis 310
Rhinorrhea 589
Rhinoscopy 574
Rhinovirus 593
Rhipicephalus 364
Riboflavin 146, 186, 187, 193, 196
deficiency 187, 188, 924
treatment 188
Ribonucleic acid 200, 290, 295, 518, 861, 861f
Ribosomal ribonucleic acid 861
Rickets 179, 180, 181f, 184, 204
diagnosis of 181
evaluation of 182fc
healing 194
Rickettsia 364
possess 364
prowazekii 365
Rickettsial diseases 364, 367b, 368
treatment 368
Rickettsial fever, typical rash of 366
Rickettsial infections 281, 365, 368
classification of 364, 365t
clinical diagnosis of 367b
Rifampicin 287, 288, 320, 780
resistance 284
sensitive tuberculosis, drug regimen for 287t
Right bundle branch block 666
Right ventricular
function 726
hypertrophy 649
Rigid bronchoscopy 598
Ring-enhancing lesion 785
Ringer's lactate 250, 949
Rinne test. See Tuning fork tests
Risky behaviors, reduction of 109
Risus sardonicus 331
Ritonavir 320, 321, 1015
RNA. See Ribonucleic acid
Roasted bengal gram 131
Rolandic epilepsy, benign 770
Rooting reflex 113, 113f, 389
Rosai-Dorfman disease 562, 565
Rose spots 335
Ross operation 688
Ross procedure 673
Rotavirus vaccine 248, 257, 258, 258f, 468
Roth spots 927
RPR. See Rapid plasma reagin
RSGN. See Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
RSV. See Respiratory syncytial virus
RT-PCR. See Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction
RTV. See Ritonavir
Rubella 291, 295–297
childhood 296
incubation period of 296
syndrome, congenital 295–297, 448, 639
vaccination, indications for 296
virus 295, 296, 449
Ruxolitinib 542
S
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 257
Safe and stable transport, principles of 454
Safe oxygen therapy 403
Safe vaccine practices 248, 249
Salah bone marrow aspiration 566, 566f
Salbutamol 224, 957, 998
nebulized 217
Salicylates 229
Salivary glands 293, 347
atrophy 158
Salmeterol 998
Salmon patch 395
Salmonella 211, 281, 322, 334, 335, 355, 459, 464, 950
infection 459
paratyphi 334, 337
typhi 261, 334, 337, 711
infection 334
SAM. Also See severe acute malnutrition
with edema 160
without edema 160
Sandfly
female 347
infected 347
Sandfly. See Phlebotomus argentipes
Sandifer-Sutcliffe syndrome 486
Sanitation measures 336
Saprophyticus 703
Saquinavir 320, 1016
Sarcoid 221
Sarcoptes scabiei 906
SBI. See Serious bacterial infection
Scabies 898f, 906, 907
treatment 907
Scaly dermatitis 188
Scar 898
Scattered tuberculous foci 779
Schick test 327
Schistosoma mansoni 711
Schizonticidal drugs 343
Scholastic backwardness, causes of 74b
Scholastic performance 73
Scholastic problems 80
School census data 151
Sclera 921
blue 921f
Sclerosing cholangitis 481
Sclerosing panencephalitis, subacute 291
Sclerosis 180, 572, 899, 899f
Scorbutic rosary 194
Screen exposure
guidelines for 93
harmful effects of 93
Screening
for autism 78
for sickle cell diseases 546
Scrofula. See also Tuberculous lymphadenitis
Scrotum 747
Scrub typhus 364, 365, 367, 368
Scurvy 194, 195
treatment 195
Seasonal exacerbations 585
Seborrhea 188
Seborrheic dermatitis 914, 914f
treatment 914
Seckel syndrome 523
Sedative-hypnotic toxic syndrome 958
treatment 958
Seizure 221, 273, 426, 680, 769, 785
etiology of 428
intractable 732
levetiracetam for 783
management 413, 778
myoclonic 426
refractory 773
uncontrolled 952
Selenium 146, 196, 207
deficiency 207
Self-inflating bag 376f
Sensation 795
Sensorineural deafness 448
Sensorineural hearing loss 367, 574
Sensorium 221
Sensory
impairments 795
stimulation 165
system examination 754
Sentinel site surveillance 151
Sepsis 231, 437
antibiotics for 403
screen 433
signs of 432
symptoms of 432
type of 434
Septal defects 296
Septic pulmonary embolism 680
Septic shock 163, 164, 172
Septicemia 424, 442, 462, 730
diagnosis of 433
Septum primum 633
Septum secundum 633
Serodiagnosis 303
Serodiagnostic tests 286
Serological tests 347
Serology 355
Serous fluid, collection of 503
Serum
albumin 498
aldosterone 221
alkaline phosphatase 181, 492
aminotransferase 492
amylase levels 511
bilirubin 492, 498, 541
levels 442
biochemistry 1064
biotin 193
calcium level, normal 181
creatine kinase levels 811
creatinine 722
electrolytes 172, 413
enzymes 1065
ferritin levels 526
glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase 505
glutamic pyruvic transaminase 303, 498
holotranscobalamin 533
homocysteine 533
immunoglobulin levels 836t, 1070
level 222, 533
lipase levels 511
magnesium 205, 226
methylmalonic acid 533
osmolarity 221
phosphate, high 732
potassium 222
levels of 224f
retinol 178
sodium 219, 221, 722
declines 219
specimens 303
vitamin
A 177
K 440
levels 1070
Serum-ascitic albumin gradient, determination of 504
Sevelamer hydrochloride 737
Severe acute malnutrition 156, 159–67
approach to a child with 172–4
assessment of 172
community-based management 166
hospital-based intervention 162
in less than 6 months 166
management of 162t
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus disease 312
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) 837t
Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) 915
Severe dehydration 461
Severe dengue 300f, 303
Severe hypokalemia
Severe malaria 340
Severe pneumonia 603
Severe undernutrition 144t
Sex and sexuality 101
Sex chromosome abnormalities 874, 876
Sex determination 380
Sex-influence
disorders 865
expression 866
Sex-limited
disorders 865
expression 866
Sexual abuse 968
Sexual activity 107
Sexual characters, secondary 97
Sexual consequences 968
Sexual development 99, 339
Sexual maturity rating 97, 98t
Sexual violence 107
Sexually transmitted infections 99, 101
SGOT. See Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
Shaken baby syndrome 971
Shiga toxin associated hus 727
Shigella spp. 211, 355, 459, 464
Shingles. See also Herpes zoster
Shock 163, 172, 217, 304, 945
cardiogenic 946
classification of 946
compensated 305, 306fc, 946
fluid-refractory 949
hyponatremic 466
hypotensive 217, 395, 307fc
hypovolemic 218fc, 946
irreversible 946
management of 932f, 948fc
obstructive 946
signs of 302, 946
stages of 946t
therapeutic endpoints of 950
treatment 948
types of 947t
Short limb dysplasia 43
Short rib polydactyly syndrome 893f
Short stature 43, 48, 50fc, 51
causes of 43b, 45t
etiology of 45t
growth patterns in 47f
pathological 50b
treatment 50
Short trunk anomalies 43
Short-acting β-agonist. See Salbutamol
Short-chain fatty acids 138
Shunt
large 659
left-to-right 656, 665
lesions 655
moderate 659
obligatory 637
portosystemic 497
reversal of 658
right-to-left 656
SIADH. See Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
Sick
baby 122
day management 823
neonate 439
newborn, care for 403
Sickle cell
anemia, treatment 545
disease 544–546, 709, 887
hemoglobin 546
red blood cells 545f
Sickle hemoglobin 537f
Sickle solubility test 545, 546
Sickle test 545
SIDS. See Sudden infant death syndrome
Sildenafil 421
Silhouette sign 627
Silverman-Anderson retraction score 419t
Simple febrile seizure 775, 781
Simultaneous administration 249
Sinus 629
bradycardia 684, 686
infections 310
rhythm, normal 649f
tachycardia 659f, 684
venosus 664
Sinusitis 291, 583
SIP. See Spontaneous intestinal perforation
Sitamaquine 348
Situs
diagnosis of 645
solitus 646f
Sjögren syndrome 294
Skeletal dysplasia 891, 891t, 894
Skeletal muscles 224
neuromuscular junctions of 963
Skeleton begins, ossification of 12
Skill development 95
Skill training 95
Skin 145, 391, 395
boils 276
care of 387
changes 161, 161f, 947
colored papules, multiple 896f
disorders 896
infections 909
losses 222
pallor of 482
peeling of 392f
pinch, delayed 460f
temperature 396
Skin lesions 188, 896
distinctive 898t
primary 896t
Skinfold
caliper 11
thickness 11
Skin-to-skin contact 397
Skull 415
SLD. See Specific learning disorders
SLE. See Systemic lupus erythematosus
Sleep
apnea syndrome 231
architecture 88
disorders 92, 93
disturbances 94, 753
hygiene, principles of 93
problems 80
spindles 760f
Slit-lamp examination 499
Small atrial septal defect 644
Small intestine 509
Small maternal stature 415
Small ventricular septal defect 659
Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome 887
Smoke 4
SMR. See Sexual maturity rating
Snake bite 795
envenomation 707
fang marks of 795
Snake envenomation 795
SNHL. See Sensorineural hearing loss
Social stigmata, triggers for 89
Sodium 214
bicarbonate 217, 221, 225, 669, 1023
channel blocker 996
toxicity 940
chloride 460
dithionite 545
hydroxide 960
loss 219
nitrite 956
nitroprusside 653, 956, 1012
polystyrene sulfonate 715, 225
thiosulfate 956
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 470
Sofosbuvir 1018, 1019
Soft beverages 143
Soft tissue
injuries 415
neck, X-ray 595
sarcoma 565
Soil transmitted helminths 358
Solid organ transplants 267
Solitary thyroid nodule 819
Somatic disorders 968
Somatic mosaicism 868
Somatic organ 478
Somatic sensory pathways 478
Sorbitol. See Polyols
Sore nipple 120
Sore throat 302, 310
Spasmodic croup. See also Acute spasmodic laryngitis
Spasmodic laryngitis, acute 591
Special education 75
Specific learning disabilities 75
treatment 75
Speech
deficits 72
development 27
problems 80
Spherocytes 517, 531f, 536f
Sphingomyelin 419
Sphingomyelinase, deficiency of 889
Spider angioma 482, 482f, 483, 497
Spina bifida occulta 764f
Spinal arachnoiditis 780
Spinal cord
diseases of 231
injury 231
Spinal dysraphism 89, 697, 764f
Spinal muscular atrophy 881
Spinal tenderness 795
Spinothalamic tract, lateral 756
Spiritual beliefs 100
Spirometry, indications for 616b
Spironolactone 499, 727, 1021
Spleen 194, 485
palpation of 485f
Splenectomy 267, 542, 555
for ITP 55
for thalassemia 542
vaccination in 267
Splenic sequestration 545
Split-mix regime 822
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia 891, 891f
Spontaneous intestinal perforation 451
Sporozoites 338
Spotted fever 364, 365
Spur cells. See Acanthocytes
Sputum analysis 617
Squint. See also Strabismus
testing for 922
SQVn. See Saquinavir
SSPE. See Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis
Staphylococcal pneumonia 603
Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome 392f
Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome 292
Staphylococcus 322, 682
albus 432
aureus 164, 294, 298, 432, 578, 593, 601, 605, 608, 682, 903, 912
epidermidis 680
saprophyticus 703
Status epilepticus 951, 952b
etiology of 951b
management of 953t
treatment 952
Stavudine 320, 321, 1014
Steatorrhea 158, 226
Steeple sign 595
Stem cell transplant 546
Stenotic valves, balloon dilation of 651
Stensen's duct 294
Sterile technique 248
Sternomastoid muscle, heads of 641f
Steroid 336, 595, 715, 733
dependent nephrotic syndrome 724
hormone 208
intranasal 589
resistant nephrotic syndrome 721, 724
sensitive nephrotic syndrome 721
therapy 222, 266
toxicity, features of 722
Sterols 137
Stevens-Johnson syndrome 291, 915, 916f, 928
Stickler syndrome 891
Stillbirth 371
rate 978
STIs. See Sexually transmitted infections
Stokes-Adams attacks 996
Stomach 470
Stool 394, 490
examination 466, 491
sample 798
specimen 1070
Strabismus 922
treatment 922
Stranger anxiety 83
treatment 83
Strawberry hemangioma 391f
Streptococcal antibody tests 583
Streptococcal infection, treatment of 715
Streptococcal pharyngotonsillitis, recurrent 584
Streptococcal rash 291
Streptococci bovis 680
Streptococci viridans 680
Streptococcus 279, 298, 682
bovis 680
faecalis 680
pneumoniae 239, 259, 280, 291, 322, 578, 593, 601, 605, 680, 777, 778, 835
pyogenes 578, 592, 903
infection 711
viridans 680–2
Streptomycin 287, 780
sulfate 1001
Streptozyme test 713
Stress, areas of 105b
Stridor 581, 590, 592, 594
chronic 591
etiology of 590, 591f
treatment 591
String test 357
Stroke 680, 788t
cause of 787
types of 787t
Stroma 742
Strychnine poisoning 331
Sturge-Weber syndrome 772f, 919
Stuttering 90
treatment 90
Subconjunctival hemorrhage 391f, 524f, 920
Subcutaneous emphysema, bilateral 627f
Subcutaneous injection 264
Subcutaneous insulin infusion, continuous 823
Subcutaneous nodules 641, 641f, 676
Subgaleal hemorrhage 438
Subglottic stenosis 591
Subperiosteal hematoma, calcification of 194
Substance abuse 3, 105, 106b
Suckling reflex 113, 113f, 389
Suckling technique, supplementary 166, 166f
Suck-rest-cycle 637
Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency 470
Sudden infant death syndrome 115
Sugar and jaggery, nutritive value of 141t
Sugar-sweetened beverages 149
Suicidal behavior 105
Suicidal gesture 954
Sulfadoxine 1014
Sulfamethoxazole 329, 548, 1005
Sulfasalazine 510, 548
Sulfates 214
Sulfonamides 510, 524
Sulfur dioxide 4
Sun setting sign 766f
Superior mediastinal syndrome 565
Supplemental oxygen 595
Supplementary immunization activities 271, 333
Supportive therapy 344, 960
Suppressive therapy 677
Suppurative lymphadenitis 835f
Supraglottic airway placement 938
Suprapubic aspiration 704
Suprasternal notch 672
Supratentorial tumors 791
Surfactant replacement therapy 420
Surgical conditions, common 449, 453
Surma. See Kajal
SVC. See Superior vena cava
Swallowing reflex 113
Sweat chloride test 499, 1070
Swine flu 311, See also H1N1 influenza
signs of 311
symptoms of 311
Sydenham chorea 676, 677
physical signs of 677t
Sympathomimetic syndrome 957
treatment 957
Symptomatic seizure, acute 769
Symptomatic therapy 499
Symptomatology 667
Syncope 638
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone 218–220, 606
Synovial fluid examination 841
Synpharyngitic hematuria 714
Syphilis 406, 447, 448
congenital 194, 447, 500, 921
Systemic arthritis 842, 843
Systemic hypertension 674
Systemic infections 707
signs of 457
Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis 840
Systemic lupus erythematosus 438, 481, 494, 516, 550, 707, 709, 714, 727, 730, 839, 845, 846, 846f, 847, 847t
nephritis 711
treatment 846
T
T cell 238
cytotoxic 238
helper 317
lymphoblastic lymphoma 564
memory 238
T2DM. See Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Tachyarrhythmia 684, 996
Tachycardia 275, 278, 436, 486, 654, 946
atrioventricular re-entry 685
supraventricular 684, 685f, 996
Tachypnea 275, 278, 279, 420, 486, 608, 674
transient 416, 421, 422
Tacrolimus 723, 724, 913
Tactile stimulation 374f
Taenia solium 362, 785
Taeniasis 362, 363
treatment 363
Taeniasis. See also Tapeworm
Tall stature 50
Tandem mass spectrometry 492
Tapeworm 362
Tay-Sachs disease 889, 929
Tazobactam 1003
TBG. See Thyroxine-binding globulin
TDF. See Tenofovir
Teardrop ulcers 354
Teeth 145
eruption of 8
yellow 97
Teicoplanin 1005
Telangiectasia 899, 920
Telecanthus 919, 920
Temper tantrum 86
treatment 86
Temperature
interpretation of 397
maintenance 379
Temporal hyperintensity, bilateral 783f
Temporal lobe epilepsy 770
Tendon reflexes, deep 795
Tenofovir 320, 321, 1015
Tension pneumothorax right side 422f
Teratogens 3
Teratoid rhabdoid tumor, atypical 791
Teratomas 422
Terbutaline 957, 998
Testes
bilateral undescended 392f
develop 747
Testicular atrophy 747
Testosterone 812
Tetanolysin 331
Tetanospasmin 331
Tetanus 158, 253, 330–333, 402
antitoxin 333
booster 267
diagnosis of 331
following injury, prevention of 332
immune globulin 242, 333
immunization 332
following injury, guidelines for 333t
local 331
maternal 333
organism 330
toxoid 109, 237, 253, 333
vaccine 253
treatment 332
Tetanus-diphtheria vaccine, type of 327
Tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine 330
Tetracycline 510
Tetralogy of Fallot 633, 640f, 655, 656, 667, 667f, 668f, 669
treatment 668
Thalamic hyperintensity, bilateral 783f
Thalassemia 520, 539
intermedia 543
major 540, 541, 544
genetic counseling for 885
minor 543
nontransfusion-dependent 543
trait 543
transfusion-dependent 543
Thalidomide 3
Thanatophoric dysplasia 891
T-helper lymphocytes, activation of 237
Theophylline 222, 618, 957, 998, See also Methylxanthine
Therapeutic diets 169, 170
Therapeutic food 169
type of 162
Therapeutic monitoring 823
Thermochemical kilocalories 135
Thermometers 401
Thermoneutral environment 396
Thiamine 129, 159, 186, 193
deficiency 186, 187, 649f, 924
pyrophosphate 186
Thiazide 230, 438, See also Hydrochlorthiazide
Thiocyanates 198
Thio-oxazolidone 198
Thoracic roentgenogram 674
Thoracocentesis 608
Threadworm 361
Throat
anatomy of 575f
culture 582, 583
examination of 275, 574
Thrombasthenia 551
Thrombocytopenia 184, 259, 296, 298, 438, 523, 524, 553, 558, 713, 714
absent radius syndrome 439
diagnosis of 439fc
purpura 294
vitamin B12 521
Thrombomodulin 727
Thrombopoietin
mimetics 555
receptor agonists 525
Thrombotic microangiopathy 727
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 707
Thromboxane 137
Thumb 199
for interpretation, rules of 229f
sign 592
sucking 83, 84
treatment 84
Thymic carcinoma 565
Thymic hypoplasia 431
Thymus
atrophy of 158
normal 629f
Thyroglobulin 199
Thyroid
disorders 815
dysfunction 296
enlargement, diffuse 818f
stimulating hormone 199
Thyroid gland 199
disorders of 815
structure, abnormal 815
Thyroid hormone 3
abnormal production of 815
deficiency 815
Thyroiditis 294
Thyromegaly, etiology of 818t
Thyroxine 3
Thyroxine-binding globulin 819
TIBC. See Total iron-binding capacity
Tibia 840f
Tic 91
symptoms, range of 91
treatment 91
Tick typhus 364
Tick-borne 365
typhus 368
TIG. See Tetanus immune globulin
Tinea capitis 910
black dot 910f
gray patch 911f
Tinea pedis 911
dry type 911f
Tinea unguium 911
Tipranavir 320, 1016
TLC. See Total leucocyte count
T-lymphocytes 236
TNF. See Tumor necrosis factor
Tobacco 105, 106
related diseases, die of 105
Tobramycin 1001
Tocilizumab 845
Togaviridae 308
Toll-like receptor 237, 781
Tolvaptan 220
Tonic contraction 331
Tonic muscle spasms appear 435
Tonic neck reflex, asymmetric 32f
Tonic seizure 426
Tonic-clonic seizures 769
Tonsillar
abnormal 575t
diphtheria 326
Tonsillectomy 584
Tonsillitis 275, 581
Tonsillopharyngitis 582, 583
etiology of 583t
Tonsils
absent 835f
enlarged 587
Tooth decay 136
Topiramate 773, 1078
TORCH. See Toxoplasmosis, rubella cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex
Torsades de pointes 686
Tourniquet test 300
Toxemia, maternal 7
Toxic 481
amino acids 210
epidermal necrolysis 915
ingestion 954, 966
Toxicity 195
acute 967
chronic 209, 967
diagnosis of 178
Toxidrome 957, 959
Toxigenesis 326
Toxin 781, 795
excretion of 956
removal of 955
Toxoid 241, 253
Toxoplasma 492
gondii 447, 449, 711
Toxoplasmosis 323, 372, 565, 929
congenital 447, 448
rubella, and syphilis 3, 59
TPM. See Topiramate
TPV. See Tipranavir
Trabecular defect 657
Trace elements 196
Tracheal toxin 328
Tracheobronchial tree 422, 569, 570f
Tracheoesophageal fistula 417, 422, 449, 450
treatment 450
types of 450f
Tracheomalacia 422, 581
Train with chimney 36f
Transcellular fluid 213
Transcobalamin 533
Transcription-polymerase chain reaction, reverse 313
Transcutaneous bilirubinometry 441
Trans-fatty acids 138, 146
Transferrin, percentage saturation of 527
Transurethral catheter specimen 704
Trematodes 358
Tremors 205, 231, 804
Tremulousness 426
Treponema pallidum 448
Triallelic digenic inheritance 869f
Triamterene 1021
Triamterene. See also Potassium sparing diuretic
Triazine. See also Lamotrigine
Trichophyton 910
rubrum 912
Trichuriasis 362
Trichuris trichiura 362, 526, 527
Tricuspid atresia 655
Tricuspid regurgitation 643, 677
Tricyclic antidepressants, use of 940
Triglycerides 137, 722
Trimethoprim 329, 520, 733, 1005
Tripod grasp 29f
Trisodium citrate 460
Trophic feeding 408
Trophozoites 339, 354f, 357, 491
Truncus arteriosus repair 688
Tryptophan 470
TSH. See Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Tubal block 574
Tuberculin 285
test 285
Tuberculoma 283, 780, 786t
Tuberculosis 158, 164, 221, 252, 282, 284, 287, 288t, 289, 565, 618
congenital 284, 449
diagnosis of 284, 286
disseminated 283
infection 284, 288
tests for 285
osteoarticular 283
pediatric drug-resistant 288t
pericardial 283
presumptive 284
treatment 287
type of 288
Tuberculous lymphadenitis 283
Tuberculous meningitis 283, 780, 781
Tuberculous pericarditis 283, 682
Tuberculous spinal arachnoiditis 779
Tuberculous vasculitis 779
Tuberous sclerosis 772f
Tubular necrosis, acute 730
Tularemia 682
Tumor
lysis syndrome 217, 565
necrosis factor 238, 433, 845
triphasic 742
types, common 791
Tuning fork tests 574f
Turner phenotype, fetal 875f
Turner syndrome 44, 639, 874, 875f, 875t, 876
treatment 875
Twin babies 123
Two-dimensional echocardiography 650
Two-thumb technique 377f
Tympanic membrane 572, 573f, 574f, 578, 579f
landmarks 573f
Typhoid
fever 334–336
vaccines 261, 323, 336
Typhoid. See also Enteric fever
Typhus 281, 364, 365
Tyrosine 470
Tyrosinemia 887
Tzanck smear 298
U
UIE. See Urinary iodine excretion
Ulcer 330
duodenal 490
flask-shaped 354
over hard palate 846f
typical nonhealing 837f
Ulnar palmar grasp 29f
Ultra-processed foods 149
Ultrasonography KUB 697
Umbilical cord 379, 379f, 387f
Umbilical hernia 890f
pathological 484f
Umbilical oozing 438
Umbilical sepsis 387f
Umbrella integrated child development services 987
UMN. See Upper motor neuron
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, pharmacological therapy for 446
Underfeeding, treatment 82
Under-five children, problems in 975
Under-five mortality and morbidity 930, 975, 977
Under-five mortality rate 976f
Undernutrition. Also see Malnutrition
and growth 3
biochemical changes in 158
classification of 144
classification of 156–7
clinical signs of 145t
etiopathogenesis of 157–9
immunity in 158
in states of India 976f
metabolic alterations in 158
nutritional deficiencies in 158
pathophysiology of 158
predictors of 158
prevalence of 154
Underweight 144
Undescended testis 747, 751
Unhealthy foods 149
Upper airway
diseases 231
X-rays of 629
Upper chest retraction 419
Upper gastrointestinal
bleeding 479, 501–503
etiology of 502t
treatment 502
endoscopy 499, 501
indications of 501t
Upper motor neuron 753, 757f
dysfunction 757
lesion 756t
Upper respiratory symptoms 581, 582
Upper respiratory tract 275
infection 578, 581, 582, 629f, 722
symptoms of 581t
Upper urinary tract, infection of 703
Urea 221
Uremia 229
refractory 713
Urethra 691
disorders of 698
Urethral instrumentation 703
Urethral sphincter 691
Urethral valves, posterior 698
Urinalysis 508, 696, 697, 704
Urinary calculi 479
Urinary chloride 230
Urinary electrolytes 217
Urinary gas chromatography 492
Urinary incontinence 85
Urinary iodine
excretion 152
estimate of 199
median 198
Urinary output 217, 638
Urinary pH 228
Urinary protein 719
Urinary tract 275, 734
congenital abnormalities of 750
disorders of 691
Urinary tract infection 81, 164, 345, 361, 432, 434, 467, 477, 479, 696, 696t, 699, 704–706, 710, 720, 749
cause of 703
diagnosis of 704t, 706
prophylaxis for 705, 705t
treatment of 704, 705t
Urine 394, 991
analysis 708
calcium 183
creatinine ratio 709
cola-colored 708f
culture 704, 709
dipstick 697, 708
examination 731
nitrite test 704
osmolality 220
red 710fc
sodium 220
specimen 704, 713
spot protein 709
Urokinase 608
Urolithiasis 696
Uropathy, obstructive 703
Ursodeoxycholic acid 1023
URTI. See Upper respiratory tract infection
Urticaria 588, 900, 901
and angioedema 900, 902
treatment 902
causes of chronic 901b
contact 900
lesions of 901
nonallergic contact 900
physical 900
pseudoallergic 900
types of 900fc
vasculitis 902
Usher syndrome 925
UTIs. See Urinary tract infections
Uveal tract 921
Uveitis 309, 921
chronic anterior 844
Uvula deviation 575
V
Vaccine 235, 241, 261, 265, 292, 296, 314
administration of 248, 248f, 249
approval of 237
development 237, 307
dose of 263
effectiveness 241, 243
efficacy 241
freeze-dried 251
handling of 246
heat sensitivity of 245, 245f
in refrigerator, care of 246
inactivated 242
live
attenuated 241, 261, 262, 264
injected 249
parenteral 267
newer 269, 271
observe storage of 246
preventable diseases 241
primary doses of 256
quality defect 250
sensitivity 245f
storage and cold chain 245, 247
subunit 252
types of 241, 242, 242t, 264
vial monitor 158f, 246, 246f
virus 295
transmission of 266
Vaccine product-related reaction 250
Vaccine quality defect-related reaction 250
Vaccine vial monitors 246
Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis 254
Vaccine-derived poliovirus 255
Vaccination 241
basic concepts of 241–3
in children on immunosuppressive drugs 266
in children on steroid therapy 266
in HIV infected 266
in immune deficiency 266
infection control during 248
timing and spacing of 249
VAD. See Vitamin A deficiency
Vaginal bleeding and discharge 394
Vaginitis 361
Valaciclovir 1018
Valganciclovir 1018
Vallecula sign 592
Valley sign 810, 810f
Valproate 773
sodium 1007
Valproic acid 510
Valsalva fistulae, ruptured sinus of 644
Valvar aortic stenosis 655, 673
Vanadium 208
Vancomycin 681, 733, 778, 783, 950
hydrochloride 1005
Varicella 267, 297–299
congenital 298
diagnosis of 298
neonatorum 298
treatment 298
vaccine 249, 262, 299
Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin 242, 262, 298, 299, 1017
Varicella-zoster virus 262, 297, 298, 447, 449, 782
Vascular disorders 551
Vascular malformation 709, 787
Vascular occlusion 926
Vasculitis 276, 787
Vasoactive agents 949
Vasoactive medications 949t
Vasodilators 653
Vaso-occlusive disease, severe 366
Vasopressin 949, 1020
Vasopressors 668
Vector 301
and hosts 364
Phlebotomus argentipes 346
Vegetable foreign body 596, 597f
Vegetable oils, hydrogenation of 137
Velocardiofacial syndrome 451
Venereal disease research laboratory 448
Venous thrombosis, deep 726
Ventricular septal defect 636, 652, 655, 657-660, 670
hemodynamics of 658f
non-restrictive 657
subpulmonary 657
treatment 660
Ventricular tachycardia 686, 938
Ventromedial nucleus 55
Venturi mask 945, 945f
Verapamil 222, 996, 1013
Vernal conjunctivitis 615
Verruca plana 908
over face 909f
Verruca vulgaris 908, 908f
Vertical suspension test 807
Very low birth weight 125
Vesicoureteral reflux 703, 706
Vibrio cholera 264, 459, 462, 465
Vigabatrin 1007
Villous atrophy 474
Vinblastine 219
Vinca alkaloid. See Vincristine sulfate
Vincristine sulfate 1005
Viral coxsackievirus 711
Viral croup, cause of 595
Viral encephalitis 781, 783
Viral exanthems 902
Viral hepatitis 345, 505
Viral infections 207, 322, 774, 908
Viral markers 499
Viral nonstructural protein, detection of 303
Viral pharyngitis 583
Viral pneumonia 602, 603
Viral upper respiratory tract infection 578
Viremia 290
Virus 581
isolation 303
shedding of 310
strain of 302
Visceral leishmaniasis 346–348
treatment of 348, 348t
Vision, decreased 917, 918fc
Visual abnormalities 94
Visual acuity 918
Visual analog scale 790
Visual deficits 64
Visual field defects 923
Visual handicap 64
Visual impairments 73
Vital organ dysfunction 340
Vital signs 306, 307, 388, 777
Vital statistics 981
Vitamins 175–195
in breastmilk 115
Vitamin deficiencies
ocular manifestations of 924
Vitamin A 176–9
requirements of 176t
supplementation 179, 987
Vitamin A deficiency 176
eye changes in 924
indicators for 178t
indicators of 178
prevention of 178
Vitamin A prophylaxis program 150
Vitamin B complex 186–93
Vitamin B deficiency
eye findings in 928t
Vitamin B1 186
Vitamin B2 187
Vitamin B3 188
Vitamin B6 189
Vitamin B9 192t
Vitamin B12 190
deficiency 190, 531
Vitamin C 194–5
deficiency, eye changes in 924
requirements of 194t
Vitamin D 179–84
and sunlight and 183
in CKD 737
maternal supplementation 183
requirements of 180t
supplementation 183
Vitamin D deficiency 181
eye changes in 924
screening for 183
therapy of 182
Vitamin D deficiency rickets 180
Vitamin E 184–5
deficiency 184
requirement of 185t
toxicity 185
Vitamin K 185–6
deficiency 185
Vitamin K deficiency bleeding 439
Vitiligo 525
Vivax malaria 345
Vocal cord dysfunction 591
Voice
hoarseness of 577
hypernasality of 588
Voiding disorders 696t, 697fc
Voiding history 696
Vomiting 276, 309, 393, 477, 486fc
causes of 477b
child with 486, 487
severe 966
treatment 487
von Gierke disease 889
von Willebrand disease 438, 551, 554, 558, 559
von Willebrand factor, deficiency of 559
Voriconazole 999
Vulval hemangioma 897f
Vulval synechiae 699f, 748
W
Waardenburg syndrome 863, 864f
Waist circumference charts, age-wise 54f
Waist-hip ratio 51
Warfarin 558
Warm antibody hemolytic anemia 550
Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia 550
Warm chain, steps of 397b
Warning signs 37b, 300, 302
Warts 908
treatment 909
Water and electrolytes, regulation of 692
Water
and sodium balance, regulation of 214, 215fc
depletion 221
loss of 214
Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome 777
Waterston shunt 688
Watery diarrhea, acute 458
WBC. See White blood cells
Weber test. See also Tuning fork tests
Weekly iron 529
folic acid supplementation 987
Wegener granulomatosis 276
Weighing machine 401
Weight and gestation, assessment of 382, 386
Weight loss, mechanism of 396f
Weight pattern 394
Weil-Felix test 367, 496
Wellcome trust classification 156
Wernicke encephalopathy 187
West syndrome 770, 771f
Westley croup score 594t
Wet lung syndrome 421
Wheeze 581, 588, 609–611, 611fc, 624, 942
child with 609, 611
duration of 610
life-threatening causes of 609b
multitrigger 610
treatment 611
viral-induced 613
Wheezy disorder 610
Whipworm. See also Trichuriasis
White blood cell 194, 280, 523
White ring around epiphysis 195f
WHO
classification for undernutrition 144t
classification of xerophthalmia 177t
classification, for undernutrition 156t
growth standards 14
reduced osmolarity ORS 460
Whooping cough 328, 329
Widal agglutination test 335
William syndrome 639, 672
Wilms tumor 276, 702, 742, 742t, 743f, 744, 744t, 745
staging of 743b
treatment 743
Wilson disease 481, 498–500, 887, 929
Wimberger sign 194, 195f
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 564, 836
Working mothers 123
Worm infestation 527
Wound, care of 332
Wright stain 517
Wrists, widening of 181f
Written expression, disorder of See also Dysgraphia
Wuchereria bancrofti 349, 350, 351
X
X chromosome 56, 861, 866
X syndrome, triple 876
Xanthine oxidase inhibitor. See Allopurinol
Xenodiagnosis 352
Xerophthalmia 176, 177, 177f, 179
classification of 177t
Xerosis 913
Xiphisternum 570
X-linked agammaglobulinemia 835, 835f, 836, 838
X-linked disorders 525
X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets 866
X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome 564
X-linked recessive
disorder 549, 556, 865f, 886
inheritance 865
manner 889
X-linked semi-dominant disorder 866
X-ray chest 624
X-ray
consolidation in 628f
dextrocardia in 646f
empyema in 606
hyperinflation in 626f
interstitial infiltrates in 603f
kidney, ureter, and bladder 697
lobar consolidation in 603f
mediastinal widening in 628f
pleural effusion in 627f
pneumonia in 602
pneumothorax in 627f
rickets 483
subcutaneous emphysema in 627f
upper airways 629
Xylometazoline 589
XYY syndrome 876
Y
Y chromosome 861
Yellow fever 264, 302
vaccine 264
Yellow soles 405
Yersinia 355
enterocolitica 465
Young child, problems of 87
Youth risk behavior surveillance system 100
Z
Zalcitabine 320, 1015
Zellweger syndrome 887
Zidovudine 320, 321, 1014
prophylaxis 324t
syrup 324
Ziehl-Neelsen staining 286
Zika virus 447, 449, 796
infections 449
Zinc 129, 142, 159, 196, 200, 203, 209, 210, 462, 1023
acetate containing 462
bioavailability of 200
contents 200
gluconate 462
requirements of 201t
sulfate 462
supplementation 466
Zinc deficiency 200, 201
clinical features of 203t
measures of 201t
prevalence of 202f
treatment 201
Zoonotic disease 364
Zymogen precursor 712
×
Chapter Notes

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UG Textbook of PEDIATRICS
UG Textbook of PEDIATRICS
As per the Competency-based Medical Education Curriculum (NMC)
Piyush Gupta MD FIAP FNNF FAMS Professor Department of Pediatrics Principal University College of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India President, Indian Academy of Pediatrics (2021) Assistant Editor Nidhi Bedi MD Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences SGT Medical College Hospital and Research Institute Gurugram, Haryana, India
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© 2023, Piyush Gupta
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All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photo copying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers.
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Medical knowledge and practice change constantly. This book is designed to provide accurate, authoritative information about the subject matter in question. However, readers are advised to check the most current information available on procedures included and check information from the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose, formula, method and duration of administration, adverse effects and contra indications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to take all appropriate safety precautions. Neither the publisher nor the author(s)/editor(s) assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to use of material in this book.
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UG Textbook of Pediatrics
First Edition: 2023
9789354659508
Printed at:
Children of India
and
Those who Care for Them
Contributing Authors Preface
Medical education in India is evolving fast and has achieved a new landmark by adapting a competency-based curriculum. This book is specifically designed to cater to the requirement of undergraduate students pursuing the competency-based pediatric curriculum in India and abroad. In an era where the existing textbooks of pediatrics have become largely theoretical, needlessly bulky, and specialty-based; this tome focuses precisely on the 35 Topics and 406 core Competencies as outlined by the National Medical Commission (NMC). Salient unique points of the book are highlighted below:
All the above points together make this book an invaluable asset for understanding pediatrics, practicing pediatrics, and taking the examinations. I welcome comments concerning omissions and errors; constructive reviews regarding content, critical thoughts; and suggestions for further editions.
Enjoy reading!
Piyush Gupta
Acknowledgments
I express my thanks to M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, for publishing this book so well. I sincerely thanks Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Managing Director), Mr MS Mani (Group President), Ms Chetna Malhotra (Senior Director—Professional Publishing, Marketing and Business Development), Dr Madhu Chaudhary (Director—Educational Publishing), Ms Pooja Bhandari (Production Head), Dr Aditya Tayal (Team Lead—UG Publishing), Ms Seema Dogra (Cover Visualizer), Mr Ashwani Kumar (Quality Controller), Mohd Iqbal (DTP Operator), and Mr Manoj Pahuja (Graphic Designer) for their help, guidance and timely active intervention in composing, designing and editing of the book.
I also like to acknowledge the help of Ms Anju Kumari for Secretarial Services to the Editor.
Competency Index
Number
Competency and learning objective(s)
Domain
K/S/A/C
K/KH/SH/P
Core
Suggested teaching learning method
Suggested assessment method
Chapter/section of the book where covered
Page no.
Topic: Normal Growth and Development
PE 1.1
Define the terminologies Growth and Development and Discuss the factors affecting normal growth and development
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
1.1, 1.2
1, 3
PE 1.2
Discuss and Describe the patterns of growth in infants, children and adolescents
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
1.3, 1.4
4, 7
PE 1.3
Discuss and Describe the methods of assessment of growth including use of WHO and Indian national standards. Enumerate the parameters used for assessment of physical growth in infants, children and adolescents
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
1.5, 1.6, 1.7
10, 13, 14
PE 1.4
Perform Anthropometric measurements, document in growth charts and interpret
S
P
Y
SGD
Document in Logbook
1.5, 1.6, 1.7
10, 13, 14
PE 1.5
Define development and Discuss the normal developmental milestones with respect to motor, behavior, social, adaptive and language
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
1.8
26
PE 1.6
Discuss the methods of assessment of development
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
1.8, 1.9
26, 31
PE 1.7
Perform Developmental assessment and interpret
S
P
N
Bedside/Skills lab
Document in Logbook
1.9
31
Topic: Common Problems related to Growth
PE 2.1
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of a child who fails to thrive
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
2.1
39
PE 2.2
Assessment of a child with failure to thrive including eliciting an appropriate history and examination
S
SH
Y
Bedside clinics
Skills station
2.1
39
PE 2.3
Counseling a parent with failing to thrive child
A/C
SH
Y
OSCE
Document in Logbook
2.1
39
PE 2.4
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of a child with short stature
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
2.2
43
PE 2.5
Assessment of a child with short stature: Elicit history; perform examination, document and present
S
SH
Y
Bedside/Skills lab
Skills assessment
2.2
43
PE 2.6
Enumerate the referral criteria for growth related problems
K
K
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
2.2
43
Topic: Common Problems related to Development-1 (Developmental Delay, Cerebral Palsy)
PE 3.1
Define, Enumerate and Discuss the causes of developmental delay and disability including intellectual disability in children
K
K
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
3.1
62
PE 3.2
Discuss the approach to a child with developmental delay
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
3.1
62
PE 3.3
Assessment of a child with developmental delay—elicit document and present history
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
3.1
62
PE 3.4
Counsel a parent of a child with developmental delay
S
SH
Y
DOAP session
Document in Logbook
3.1
62
PE 3.5
Discuss the role of the child developmental unit in management of developmental delay
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
3.1
62
PE 3.6
Discuss the referral criteria for children with developmental delay
K
K
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
3.1
62
PE 3.7
Visit a Child Developmental Unit and Observe its functioning
S
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Logbook entry
3.1
62
PE 3.8
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation and multidisciplinary approach in the management of cerebral palsy
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
24.15
799
Topic: Common Problems related to Development-2 (Scholastic Backwardness, Learning Disabilities, Autism, ADHD)
PE 4.1
Discuss the causes and approach to a child with scholastic backwardness
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
3.2
73
PE 4.2
Discuss the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of a child with learning disabilities
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
3.2
73
PE 4.3
Discuss the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of a child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
3.3
76
PE 4.4
Discuss etiology, clinical features, diagnosis and management of a child with autism
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
3.4
78
PE 4.5
Discuss the role of Child Guidance Clinic in children with Developmental problems
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
3.1, 4.15
62, 94
PE 4.6
Visit to the Child Guidance Clinic
S
KH
N
Lecture, SGD
Document in Logbook
3.1
62
Topic: Common Problems related to Behavior
PE 5.1
Describe the clinical features, diagnosis and management of thumb sucking
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written
4.5
83
PE 5.2
Describe the clinical features, diagnosis and management of feeding problems
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
4.3
82
PE 5.3
Describe the clinical features, diagnosis and management of nail-biting
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
4.11
90
PE 5.4
Describe the clinical features, diagnosis and management of breath-holding spells
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
4.6
84
PE 5.5
Describe the clinical features, diagnosis and management of temper tantrums
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
4.7
86
PE 5.6
Describe the clinical features, diagnosis and management of pica
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
4.8
87
PE 5.7
Describe the clinical features, diagnosis and management of fussy infant
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
4.2, 4.4
81, 83
PE 5.8
Discuss the etiology, clinical features and management of enuresis
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
4.9
87
PE 5.9
Discuss the etiology, clinical features and management of Encopresis
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
4.10
89
PE 5.10
Discuss the role of child guidance clinic in children with behavioral problems and the referral criteria
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
3.1, 4.15
62, 94
PE 5.11
Visit to Child Guidance Clinic and observe functioning
K
KH
N
Lecture, SGD
Document in Logbook
3.1
62
Topic: Adolescent Health and Common Problems related to Adolescent Health
PE 6.1
Define Adolescence and stages of adolescence
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
5.1, 5.2
96, 97
PE 6.2
Describe the physical, physiological and psychological changes during adolescence (Puberty)
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
5.2
97
PE 6.3
Discuss the general health problems during adolescence
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
5.3
100
PE 6.4
Describe adolescent sexuality and common problems related to it
K
KH
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
5.4
101
PE 6.5
Explain the Adolescent Nutrition and common nutritional problem
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
5.5
102
PE 6.6
Discuss the common Adolescent eating disorders (Anorexia nervosa, Bulimia)
K
KH
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
5.6
103
PE 6.7
Describe the common mental health problems during adolescence
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
5.7, 5.8
104, 106
PE 6.8
Respecting patient privacy and maintaining confidentiality while dealing with adolescence
A
SH
Y
Bedside
Skills station
5.9
107
PE 6.9
Perform routine Adolescent Health checkup including eliciting history, performing examination including SMR (Sexual Maturity Rating), growth assessments (using Growth charts) and systemic exam including thyroid and Breast exam and the HEEADSSS screening
S
SH
Y
Bedside clinic
Skills station
5.9
107
PE 6.10
Discuss the objectives and functions of AFHS (Adolescent Friendly Health Services) and the referral criteria
K
KH
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
5.10
109
PE 6.11
Visit to the Adolescent Clinic
K
KH
Y
DOAP session
Document in Logbook
Skills
PE 6.12
Enumerate the importance of obesity and other NCD in adolescents
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
2.3, 5.8
51, 106
PE 6.13
Enumerate the prevalence and the importance of recognition of sexual drug abuse in adolescents and children
K
KH
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
5.7, 5.8
104, 106
Topic: To Promote and Support Optimal Breastfeeding for Infants
PE 7.1
Awareness on the cultural beliefs and practices of breastfeeding
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
6.4
115
PE 7.2
Explain the Physiology of lactation
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
6.2
112
PE 7.3
Describe the composition and types of breast milk and Discuss the differences between cow's milk and Human milk
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
6.3
114
PE 7.4
Discuss the advantages of breast milk
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
6.4
115
PE 7.5
Observe the correct technique of breastfeeding and distinguish right from wrong technique
S
P
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
6.5
117
PE 7.6
Enumerate the baby friendly hospital initiatives
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
6.10, 6.11
124, 124
PE 7.7
Perform breast examination and Identify common problems during lactation such as retracted nipples, cracked nipples, breast engorgement, breast abscess
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
6.6, 6.7
118, 120
PE 7.8
Educate mothers on antenatal breast care and prepare mothers for lactation
A/C
SH
Y
DOAP session
Document in Logbook
6.8, 6.13
121, 126
PE 7.9
Educate and counsel mothers for best practices in Breastfeeding
A/C
SH
Y
DOAP session
Logbook, OSCE
6.8, 6.13
121, 126
PE 7.10
Respects patient privacy
A
SH
Y
DOAP session
Document in Logbook
6.13
126
PE 7.11
Participate in Breastfeeding Week Celebration
A
SH
Y
DOAP session
Document in Logbook
Skills
Topic: Complementary Feeding
PE 8.1
Define the term Complementary Feeding
K
K
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
7.1
127
PE 8.2
Discuss the principles, the initiation, attributes, frequency, technique and hygiene related to complementary feeding including IYCF
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
7.1
127
PE 8.3
Enumerate the common complimentary foods
K
K
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
7.2
131
PE 8.4
Elicit history on the Complementary Feeding habits
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
7.3
133
PE 8.5
Counsel and educate mothers on the best practices in complementary feeding
A/C
SH
Y
DOAP session
Document in Logbook
7.4
133
Topic: Normal Nutrition, Assessment and Monitoring
PE 9.1
Describe the age-related nutritional needs of infants, children and adolescents including micronutrients and vitamins
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
8.1
135
PE 9.2
Describe the tools and methods for assessment and classification of nutritional status of infants, children and adolescents
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
8.3
143
PE 9.3
Explains the calorific value of common Indian foods
K
K
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
8.2
138
PE 9.4
Elicit, document and present an appropriate nutritional history and perform a dietary recall
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
8.3
143
PE 9.5
Calculate the age appropriate calorie requirement in health and disease and Identify gaps
S
SH
Y
Bedside clinic, SGD
OSCE, Clinical case
8.3
143
PE 9.6
Assess and classify the nutrition status of infants, children and adolescents and recognize deviations
S
SH
Y
Bedside clinic, SGD
Skills assessment
8.3
143
PE 9.7
Plan an appropriate diet in health and disease
S
SH
N
Bedside clinic, SGD
Document in Logbook
8.4
146
Topic: Provide Nutritional Support, Assessment and Monitoring for Common Nutritional Problems
PE 10.1
Define and Describe the etiopathogenesis, classify including WHO classification, clinical features, complication and management of severe acute malnourishment (SAM) and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM)
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5
154, 156, 157, 159, 168
PE 10.2
Outline the clinical approach to a child with SAM and MAM
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
9.4, 9.5, 9.8
159, 168, 172
PE 10.3
Assessment of a patient with SAM and MAM, diagnosis, classification and planning management including hospital and community-based intervention, rehabilitation and prevention
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
9.2, 9.4, 9.5, 9.8
156, 159, 168, 172
PE 10.4
Identify children with under nutrition as per IMNCI criteria and plan referral
S
SH
Y
DOAP session
Document in Logbook
Annexure
1050
PE 10.5
Counsel parents of children with SAM and MAM
S
SH
Y
Bedside clinic, Skills station
Document in Logbook
9.7
171
PE 10.6
Enumerate the role of locally prepared therapeutic diets and ready to use therapeutic diets
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
9.6
169
Topic: Obesity in Children
PE 11.1
Describe the common etiology, clinical features and management of obesity in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
2.3
51
PE 11.2
Discuss the risk approach for obesity and Discuss the prevention strategies
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
2.3
51
PE 11.3
Assessment of a child with obesity with regard to eliciting history including physical activity, charting and dietary recall
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Standardized patients
Document in Logbook
2.3
51
PE 11.4
Examination including calculation of BMI, measurement of waist hip ratio, Identifying external markers like acanthosis, striae, pseudo-gynecomastia etc
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Standardized patients, Videos
Skills station
2.3
51
PE 11.5
Calculate BMI, document in BMI chart and interpret
S
P
Y
Bedside, SGD
Document in Logbook
2.3
51
PE 11.6
Discuss criteria for referral
K
K
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
2.3
51
Topic: Micronutrients in Health and Disease-1 (Vitamins ADEK, B Complex and C)
PE 12.1
Discuss the RDA, dietary sources of Vitamin A and their role in health and disease
K
K
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
10.2
176
PE 12.2
Describe the causes, clinical features, diagnosis and management of Deficiency/excess of Vitamin A
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
10.2
176
PE 12.3
Identify the clinical features of dietary deficiency/excess of Vitamin A
S
SH
Y
Bedside, SGD
Document in Logbook
10.2
176
PE 12.4
Diagnose patients with Vitamin A deficiency (VAD), classify and plan management
S
SH
N
Bedside, Skills station
Document in Logbook
10.2
176
PE 12.5
Discuss the Vitamin A prophylaxis program and their Recommendations
K
K
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
8.6, 10.2
150, 176
PE 12.6
Discuss the RDA, dietary sources of Vitamin D and its role in health and disease
K
K
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
10.3
179
PE 12.7
Describe the causes, clinical features, diagnosis and management of vitamin D deficiency (VDD)/excess (Rickets and Hypervitaminosis D)
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
10.3
179
PE 12.8
Identify the clinical features of dietary deficiency of Vitamin D
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Document in Logbook
10.3
179
PE 12.9
Assess patients with Vitamin D deficiency, diagnose, classify and plan management
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Document in Logbook
10.3
179
PE 12.10
Discuss the role of screening for Vitamin D deficiency
K
K
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
10.3
179
PE 12.11
Discuss the RDA, dietary sources of Vitamin E and its role in health and disease
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
10.4
184
PE 12.12
Describe the causes, clinical features, diagnosis and management of deficiency of Vitamin E
K
KH
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
10.4
184
PE 12.13
Discuss the RDA, dietary sources of Vitamin K and their role in health and disease
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
10.5
185
PE 12.14
Describe the causes, clinical features, diagnosis management and prevention of deficiency of Vitamin K
K
KH
N
Lecture group, Small discussion
Written/Viva voce
10.5
185
PE 12.15
Discuss the RDA, dietary sources of Vitamin B and its role in health and disease
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
10.6
186
PE 12.16
Describe the causes, clinical features, diagnosis and management of deficiency of B complex vitamins
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Viva/SAQ/MCQ
10.6
186
PE 12.17
Identify the clinical features of Vitamin B complex deficiency
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Document in Logbook
10.6
186
PE 12.18
Diagnose patients with vitamin B complex deficiency and plan management
S
SH
Y
Bedside,
Skills lab
Document in Logbook
10.6
186
PE 12.19
Discuss the RDA, dietary sources of vitamin C and their role in health and disease
K
KH
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
10.7
194
PE 12.20
Describe the causes, clinical features, diagnosis and management of deficiency of vitamin C (scurvy)
K
KH
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
10.7
194
PE 12.21
Identify the clinical features of vitamin C deficiency
S
SH
N
Bedside, Skills lab
Document in Logbook
10.7
194
Topic: Micronutrients in Health and Disease-2: Iron, Iodine, Calcium, Magnesium
PE 13.1
Discuss the RDA, dietary sources of Iron and their role in health and disease
K
K
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
20.5
526
PE 13.2
Describe the causes, diagnosis and management of Iron deficiency
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
20.5
526
PE 13.3
Identify the clinical features of dietary deficiency of Iron and make a diagnosis
S
SH
Y
Bedside/Skills lab
Document in Logbook
20.5
526
PE 13.4
Interpret hemogram and Iron Panel
S
SH
Y
Bedside clinic/Small group discussion
Skills assessment
20.5
526
PE 13.5
Propose a management plan for iron deficiency anemia
S
SH
Y
Bedside/Skills lab
Skills assessment
20.5, 20.6
526, 529
PE 13.6
Discuss the National Anemia Control Program and its recommendations
K
K
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
20.7
530
PE 13.7
Discuss the RDA, dietary sources of Iodine and its role in Health and disease
K
K
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
11.2
197
PE 13.8
Describe the causes, diagnosis and management of deficiency of Iodine
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
11.2
197
PE 13.9
Identify the clinical features of Iodine deficiency disorders
S
SH
N
Bedside clinic
Clinical assessment
11.2
197
PE 13.10
Discuss the National Goiter Control Program and its recommendations
K
K
Y
Lecture/Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
8.6, 11.2
150, 197
PE 13.11
Discuss the RDA, dietary sources of Calcium and its role in health and disease
K
K
Y
Lecture/Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
11.4
204
PE 13.12
Describe the causes, clinical features, diagnosis and management of Calcium Deficiency
K
KH
Y
Lecture/Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
11.4
204
PE 13.13
Discuss the RDA, dietary sources of Magnesium and their role in health and disease
K
K
N
Lecture/Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
11.4
204
PE 13.14
Describe the causes, clinical features, diagnosis and management of Magnesium Deficiency
K
KH
N
Lecture/Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
11.4, 12.7
204, 226
Topic: Toxic elements and free radicals and oxygen toxicity
PE 14.1
Discuss the risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis and management of Lead Poisoning
Lecture/Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
11.7
208
PE 14.2
Discuss the risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis and management of Kerosene aspiration
K
KH
N
Lecture/Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
30.11
960
PE 14.3
Discuss the risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis and management of Organophosphorus poisoning
K
KH
N
Lecture/Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
30.11
960
PE 14.4
Discuss the risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis and management of paracetamol poisoning
K
KH
N
Lecture/Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
30.11
960
PE 14.5
Discuss the risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis and management of Oxygen toxicity
K
KH
N
Lecture/Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
30.11
960
Topic: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
PE 15.1
Discuss the fluid and electrolyte requirement in health and disease
K
K
Y
Lecture/Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
12.1, 12.2
213, 215
PE 15.2
Discuss the clinical features and complications of fluid and electrolyte imbalance and outline the management
Lecture/Small group discussion
12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6
215, 219, 221, 222, 224
PE 15.3
Calculate the fluid and electrolyte requirement in health
S
SH
Y
Bedside/SGD
Skills assessment
12.1, 12.2
213, 215
PE 15.4
Interpret electrolyte report
S
SH
Y
Bedside/SGD
Skills assessment
12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6, 12.7
219, 221, 222, 224, 226
PE 15.5
Calculate fluid and electrolyte imbalance
S
SH
Y
Bedside/SGD
Skills assessment
12.2, 12.3, 12.4, 12.5, 12.6
215, 219, 221, 222, 224
PE 15.6
Demonstrate the steps of inserting an IV cannula in a model
S
SH
Y
Skills lab
Skills assessment
12.11
233
PE 15.7
Demonstrate the steps of inserting an interosseous line in a mannequin
S
SH
Y
Skills lab
Skills assessment
12.12
234
Topic: Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI) Guideline
PE 16.1
Explain the components of Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI) guidelines and method of Risk stratification
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
31.7, Annexure
989, 1050
PE 16.2
Assess children <2 months using IMNCI guidelines
S
SH
Y
DOAP
Document in Logbook
31.7, Annexure
989, 1050
PE 16.3
Assess children >2 months to 5 years using IMNCI guidelines and stratify risk
S
SH
Y
DOAP
Document in Logbook
31.7, Annexure
989, 1050
Topic: The National Health Programs, NHM
PE 17.1
State the vision and outline the goals, strategies and plan of action of NHM and other important national programs pertaining to maternal and child health including RMNCH A+, RBSK, RKSK, JSSK, mission Indradhanush and ICDS
K
KH
Y
Lecture/
SGD
Written/Viva voce
31.3, 31.4, 31.5, 31.6
981, 983, 984, 986
PE 17.2
Analyze the outcomes and appraise the monitoring and evaluation of NHM
K
KH
Y
Debate
Written/Viva voce
Self-directed learning
Topic: The National Health Programs: RCH
PE 18.1
List and explain the components, plan, outcome of Reproductive Child Health (RCH) program and appraise its monitoring and evaluation
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
31.5
984
PE 18.2
Explain preventive interventions for child survival and safe motherhood
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
31.4, 31.5, 31.6
983, 984, 986
PE 18.3
Conduct antenatal examination of women independently and apply at-risk approach in antenatal care
S
SH
Y
Bedside
Skills station
31.8
991
PE 18.4
Provide intranatal care and conduct a normal delivery in a simulated environment
S
SH
Y
DOAP session, Skills lab
Document in Logbook
31.8
991
PE 18.5
Provide intranatal care and observe the conduct of a normal delivery
S
SH
Y
DOAP session
Document in Logbook
31.8
991
PE 18.6
Perform Postnatal assessment of newborn and mother, provide advice on breastfeeding, weaning and on family planning
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
31.8
991
PE 18.7
Educate and counsel caregivers of children
A/C
SH
Y
Role play
OSCE/Skills assessment
Skills
PE 18.8
Observe the implementation of the program by visiting the Rural Health Center
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Document in Logbook
31.9
994
Topic: National Programs, RCH-Universal Immunization Program
PE 19.1
Explain the components of the Universal Immunization Program (UIP) and the National Immunization Program (NIP)
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
13.4
243
PE 19.2
Explain the epidemiology of vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs)
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
13.3
241
PE 19.3
Vaccine description with regard to classification of vaccines, strain used, dose, route, schedule, risks, benefits and side effects, indications and contraindications
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
13.8
251
PE 19.4
Define cold chain and discuss the methods of safe storage and handling of vaccines
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
13.5
245
PE 19.5
Discuss immunization in special situations—HIV-positive children, immunodeficiency, pre-term, organ transplants, those who received blood and blood products, splenectomized children, adolescents, and travelers
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
13.9
265
PE 19.6
Assess patient for fitness for immunization and prescribe an age appropriate immunization schedule
S
P
Y
Outpatient clinics, Skills lab
Skills assessment
13.4
243
PE 19.7
Educate and counsel a patient for immunization
A/C
SH
Y
DOAP session
Document in Logbook
13.12
273
PE 19.8
Demonstrate willingness to participate in the national and subnational immunization days
A
SH
Y
Lecture/Small group discussion
Document in Logbook
13.11
271
PE 19.9
Describe the components of safe vaccine practice—Patient education/counseling; adverse events following immunization, safe injection practices, documentation and medico-legal implications
K
KH
Y
Lecture/Small group discussion/Immunization clinic
Written/Viva voce
13.6, 13.7, 13.12
245, 250, 273
PE 19.10
Observe the handling and storing of vaccines
S
SH
Y
DOAP session
Written/Viva voce
13.5, SDL
245
PE 19.11
Document Immunization in an immunization record
S
SH
Y
Outpatient clinics, Skills lab
Skills assessment
13.11, SDL
271
PE 19.12
Observe the administration of UIP vaccines
S
SH
Y
DOAP session
Document in Logbook
13.6, SDL
248
PE 19.13
Demonstrate the correct administration of different vaccines in a mannequin
S
SH
Y
DOAP session
Document in Logbook
13.6, SDL
248
PE 19.14
Practice Infection control measures and appropriate handling of the sharps
S
SH
Y
DOAP session
Document in Logbook
13.6, SDL
248
PE 19.15
Explain the term implied consent in Immunization services
K
K
Y
Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
13.12, SDL
273
PE 19.16
Enumerate available newer vaccines and their indications including pentavalent pneumococcal, rotavirus, JE, typhoid IPV and HPV
K
K
N
Lecture/Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
13.10
269
Topic: Care of the Normal Newborn and High-risk Newborn
PE 20.1
Define the common neonatal nomenclatures including the classification and describe the characteristics of a Normal Term Neonate and High Risk Neonates
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
15.1, 16.1
371, 402
PE 20.2
Explain the care of a normal neonate
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
15.3, 15.7, 15.11
379, 393, 400
PE 20.3
Perform Neonatal resuscitation in a manikin
S
SH
Y
DOAP/Skills lab
Logbook
15.2
372
PE 20.4
Assessment of a normal neonate
S
SH
Y
Bedside/Skills lab
Skills assessment
15.4, 15.5, 15.6
382, 386, 388
PE 20.5
Counsel/educate mothers on the care of neonates
A/C
SH
Y
DOAP
Logbook entry
15.10, SDL
400
PE 20.6
Explain the follow-up care for neonates including Breastfeeding, Temperature maintenance, immunization, importance of growth monitoring and red flags
A/C
SH
Y
DOAP
Logbook documentation
15.8, 15.9
396, 399
PE 20.7
Discuss the etiology, clinical features and management of Birth asphyxia
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
16.3
411
PE 20.8
Discuss the etiology, clinical features and management of respiratory distress in Newborn including meconium aspiration and transient tachypnea of newborn
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
16.5, 16.6
416, 424
PE 20.9
Discuss the etiology, clinical features and management of birth injuries
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
16.4
415
PE 20.10
Discuss the etiology, clinical features and management of hemorrhagic disease of newborn
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
16.12
438
PE 20.11
Discuss the clinical characteristics, complications and management of low birth weight (preterm and small for gestation)
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
16.2
405
PE 20.12
Discuss the temperature regulation in neonates, clinical features and management of Neonatal Hypothermia
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
15.9
399
PE 20.13
Discuss the etiology, clinical features and management of Neonatal hypoglycemia
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
16.8
429
PE 20.14
Discuss the etiology, clinical features and management of Neonatal hypocalcemia
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
16.10
431
PE 20.15
Discuss the etiology, clinical features and management of neonatal seizures
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
16.7
425
PE 20.16
Discuss the etiology, clinical features and management of neonatal sepsis
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
16.11
432
PE 20.17
Discuss the etiology, clinical features and management of Perinatal infections
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
16.14
447
PE 20.18
Identify and stratify risk in a sick neonate using IMNCI guidelines
S
SH
Y
DOAP
Document in Logbook
31.7, Annexures
989, 1050
PE 20.19
Discuss the etiology, clinical features and management of Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
16.13
440
PE 20.20
Identify clinical presentations of common surgical conditions in the newborn including TEF, esophageal atresia, anal atresia, cleft lip and palate, congenital diaphragmatic hernia and causes of acute abdomen
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
16.15
449
Topic: Genitourinary system
PE 21.1
Enumerate the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications and management of Urinary Tract infection (UTI) in children
K
KH
Y
Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
23.4
702
PE 21.2
Enumerate the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications and management of acute post-streptococcal Glomerular Nephritis in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
23.6
711
PE 21.3
Discuss the approach and referral criteria to a child with Proteinuria
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
23.7, 23.8
717, 721
PE 21.4
Discuss the approach and referral criteria to a child with hematuria
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
23.5
707
PE 21.5
Enumerate the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications and management of Acute Renal Failure in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
23.11
729
PE 21.6
Enumerate the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications and management of chronic kidney disease in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
23.12
734
PE 21.7
Enumerate the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications and management of Wilms Tumor
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
23.14
742
PE 21.8
Elicit, document and present a history pertaining to diseases of the Genitourinary tract
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
23.2
695
PE 21.9
Identify external markers for Kidney disease, like Failing to thrive, hypertension, pallor, Icthyosis, anasarca
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Document in Logbook
23.2, SDL
695
PE 21.10
Analyze symptom and interpret the physical findings and arrive at an appropriate provisional differential diagnosis
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Logbook
23.2
695
PE 21.11
Perform and interpret the common analytes in a Urine examination
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
23.2
695
PE 21.12
Interpret report of Plain X-ray of KUB
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Logbook
23.2
695
PE 21.13
Enumerate the indications for and Interpret the written report of Ultrasonogram of KUB
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Logbook
23.2
695
PE 21.14
Recognize common surgical conditions of the abdomen and genitourinary system and enumerate the indications for referral including acute and subacute intestinal obstruction, appendicitis, pancreatitis, perforation intussusception, Phimosis, undescended testis, Chordee, hypospadias, Torsion testis, hernia Hydrocele, Vulval Synechiae
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Bedside, Skills lab
19.9, 23.15
505, 745
PE 21.15
Discuss and enumerate the referral criteria for children with genitourinary disorder
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
23.16
749
PE 21.16
Counsel/educate a patient for referral appropriately
A/C
SH
Y
DOAP
Logbook
23.16
749
PE 21.17
Describe the etiopathogenesis, grading, clinical features and management of hypertension in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture/
SGD
Written/Viva voce
23.13
738
Topic: Approach to and Recognition of a Child with Possible Rheumatologic Problem
PE 22.1
Enumerate the common Rheumatological problems in children. Discuss the clinical approach to recognition and referral of a child with Rheumatological problem
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
26.4
839
PE 22.2
Counsel a patient with Chronic illness
S
SH
N
Bedside clinic/Skills lab
Logbook
Skills
PE 22.3
Describe the diagnosis and management of common vasculitic disorders including Henoch Schönlein Purpura, Kawasaki Disease, SLE, JIA
K
KH
N
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
26.5, 26.6, 26.7, 26.8, 26.9, 26.10, 26.11
842, 845, 848, 850, 851, 854, 856
Topic: Cardiovascular system–Heart Diseases
PE 23.1
Discuss the Hemodynamic changes, clinical presentation, complications and management of acyanotic Heart Diseases—VSD, ASD and PDA
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
22.8, 22.10, 22.11
657, 661, 664
PE 23.2
Discuss the Hemodynamic changes, clinical presentation, complications and management of Cyanotic Heart Diseases—Fallot Physiology
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
22.12, 22.13
667, 670
PE 23.3
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation and management of cardiac failure in infant and children
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
22.6
651
PE 23.4
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation and management of Acute Rheumatic Fever in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
22.16
675
PE 23.5
Discuss the clinical features, complications, diagnosis, management and prevention of Acute Rheumatic Fever
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
22.16
675
PE 23.6
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of Infective endocarditis in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
22.17
680
PE 23.7
Elicit appropriate history for a cardiac disease, analyze the symptoms, e.g., breathlessness, chest pain, tachycardia, feeding difficulty, failing to thrive, reduced urinary output, swelling, syncope, cyanotic spells, Suck rest cycle, frontal swelling in infants
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Bedside/Skills assessment
22.4
637
PE 23.8
Identify external markers of a cardiac disease e.g. Cyanosis, Clubbing, dependent edema, dental caries, arthritis, erythema rash, chorea, subcutaneous nodules, Osler node, Janeway lesions and document
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Bedside/Skills assessment
22.4
637
PE 23.9
Record pulse, blood pressure, temperature and respiratory rate and interpret as per the age
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Bedside/Skills assessment
22.4
637
PE 23.10
Perform independently examination of the cardiovascular system—look for precordial bulge, pulsations in the precordium, JVP and its significance in children and infants, relevance of percussion in Pediatric examination, Auscultation and other system examination and document
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Bedside/Skills assessment
22.4
637
PE 23.11
Develop a treatment plan and prescribe appropriate drugs including fluids in cardiac diseases, antifailure drugs, and inotropic agents
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Written/Viva voce
12.2, 22.6, 32.15
215, 651, 1019
PE 23.12
Interpret a chest X-ray and recognize Cardiomegaly
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Logbook entry
22.5
645
PE 23.13
Choose and Interpret blood reports in Cardiac illness
S
P
Y
Bedside, SGD
Logbook entry
22.5
645
PE 23.14
Interpret Pediatric ECG
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Logbook entry
22.5
645
PE 23.15
Use the ECHO reports in management of cases
S
SH
Y
Bedside
Logbook entry
22.5
645
PE 23.16
Discuss the indications and limitations of Cardiac catheterization
K
K
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
22.5
645
PE 23.17
Enumerate some common cardiac surgeries like BT shunt, Potts and Waterston's and corrective surgeries
K
K
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
22.20
688
PE 23.18
Demonstrate empathy while dealing with children with cardiac diseases in every patient encounter
A
SH
Y
SGD, Bedside, Skills lab
Document in Logbook, Direct observation, OSCE
22.21
689
Topic: Diarrheal Diseases and Dehydration
PE 24.1
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, classification, clinical presentation and management of diarrheal diseases in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
17.2, 17.6
458, 465
PE 24.2
Discuss the classification and clinical presentation of various types of diarrheal dehydration
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
17.1, 17.2
457, 458
PE 24.3
Discuss the physiological basis of ORT, types of ORS and the composition of various types of ORS in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
17.3
460
PE 24.4
Discuss the types of fluid used in Pediatric diarrheal diseases and their composition
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
17.3
460
PE 24.5
Discuss the role of antibiotics, antispasmodics, anti-secretory drugs, probiotics, anti-emetics in acute diarrheal diseases
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
17.4, 17.6
462, 464
PE 24.6
Discuss the causes, clinical presentation and management of persistent diarrhea in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
17.7
467
PE 24.7
Discuss the causes, clinical presentation and management of chronic diarrhea in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
18.2, 18.3
472, 472
PE 24.8
Discuss the causes, clinical presentation and management of dysentery in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
17.5
464
PE 24.9
Elicit, document and present history pertaining to diarrheal diseases
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Clinical case/OSCE/Skills assessment
17.1
457
PE 24.10
Assess for signs of dehydration, document and present
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
17.1
457
PE 24.11
Apply the IMNCI guidelines in risk stratification of children with diarrheal dehydration and refer
S
SH
Y
Bedside/Skills lab
Document in Logbook
Annexures
1050
PE 24.12.1
Perform and interpret stool examination including Hanging Drop
S
SH
N
Bedside, Skills lab
Document in Logbook
17.6
465
PE 24.13
Interpret RFT and electrolyte report
S
SH
Y
Bedside/Skills lab/SGD
Document in Logbook
Annexures
1062
PE 24.14
Plan fluid management as per the WHO criteria
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Small group activity
Skills lab
17.3
460
PE 24.15
Perform NG tube insertion in a manikin
S
P
Y
DOAP session
Document in Logbook
17.3
460
PE 24.16
Perform IV cannulation in a model
S
P
Y
DOAP session
Document in Logbook
12.11
233
PE 24.17
Perform Interosseous insertion model
S
P
Y
DOAP session
Document in Logbook
12.12
234
Topic: Malabsorption
PE 25.1
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical presentation and management of Malabsorption in Children and its causes including celiac disease
K
KH
N
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4
470, 472, 472, 474
Topic: Acute and Chronic Liver Disorders
PE 26.1
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of acute hepatitis in children
K
K
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
19.4
493
PE 26.2
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of Fulminant Hepatic Failure in children
K
K
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
19.5
495
PE 26.3
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of chronic liver diseases in children
K
K
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
19.6
496
PE 26.4
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of Portal Hypertension in children
K
K
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
19.7
501
PE 26.5
Elicit document and present the history related to diseases of Gastrointestinal system
S
S
Y
Bedside, Skills Lab
Skills station/bedside/OSCE
19.1
477
PE 26.6
Identify external markers for GI and Liver disorders, e.g. Jaundice, Pallor, Gynecomastia, Spider angioma, Palmar erythema, Icthyosis, Caput medusa, Clubbing, Failing to thrive, Vitamin A and D deficiency
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment/OSCE
19.2
482
PE 26.7
Perform examination of the abdomen, demonstrate organomegaly, ascites, etc.
S
SH
Y
Bedside clinic, Skills lab
Skills assessment
19.2
482
PE 26.8
Analyze symptoms and interpret physical signs to make a provisional/differential diagnosis
S
SH
Y
Bedside clinic, Skills lab
Skills assessment
19.3
486
PE 26.9
Interpret Liver Function Tests, viral markers, Ultrasonogram report
S
SH
Y
Bedside/Skills lab
Bedside/OSCE
19.3, 19.4, 19.6
486, 493, 496
PE 26.10
Demonstrate the technique of liver biopsy in a Perform Liver Biopsy in a simulated environment
S
SH
Y
DOAP
Document in Logbook
19.6
496
PE 26.11
Enumerate the indications for Upper GI endoscopy
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written, Viva voce
19.7
501
PE 26.12
Discuss the prevention of Hep B infection—Universal precautions and Immunization
K
K
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written, Viva voce
13.8
251
PE 26.13
Counsel and educate patients and their family appropriately on liver diseases
A/C
P
Y
Bedside clinic, Skills lab
Document in Logbook
19.8
505
Topic: Pediatric Emergencies—Common Pediatric Emergencies
PE 27.1
List the common causes of morbidity and mortality in the under-five children
K
K
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
30.1
930
PE 27.2
Describe the etiopathogenesis, clinical approach and management of cardiorespiratory arrest in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
30.3, 30.4, 30.5
933, 934, 938
PE 27.3
Describe the etiopathogenesis of respiratory distress in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
30.6
940
PE 27.4
Describe the clinical approach and management of respiratory distress in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
30.6
940
PE 27.5
Describe the etiopathogenesis, clinical approach and management of Shock in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
30.8
945
PE 27.6
Describe the etiopathogenesis, clinical approach and management of Status epilepticus
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
30.9
951
PE 27.7
Describe the etiopathogenesis, clinical approach and management of an unconscious child
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
30.1
930
PE 27.8
Discuss the common types, clinical presentations and management of poisoning in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
30.10
954
PE 27.9
Discuss oxygen therapy, in Pediatric emergencies and modes of administration
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
30.7
943
PE 27.10
Observe the various methods of administering Oxygen
S
KH
Y
Demonstration
Document in Logbook
30.7
943
PE 27.11
Explain the need and process of triage of sick children brought to health facility
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
30.2
931
PE 27.12
Enumerate emergency signs and priority signs
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
30.2
931
PE 27.13
List the sequential approach of assessment of emergency and priority signs
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
30.2
931
PE 27.14
Assess emergency signs and prioritize
S
SH
Y
DOAP session, Skills lab
Skills assessment
30.2
931
PE 27.15
Assess airway and breathing: recognize signs of severe respiratory distress. Check for cyanosis, severe chest indrawing, grunting
S
P
Y
DOAP session, Skills lab
Skills assessment
30.2
931
PE 27.16
Assess airway and breathing. Demonstrate the method of positioning of an infant and child to open airway in a simulated environment
S
P
Y
DOAP session, Skills Lab
Skills assessment
30.4
934
PE 27.17
Assess airway and breathing: administer oxygen using correct technique and appropriate flow rate
S
P
Y
DOAP session, Skills Lab
Skills assessment
30.4, 30.5
934, 938
PE 27.18
Assess airway and breathing: perform assisted ventilation by Bag and mask in a simulated environment
S
p
Y
DOAP session, Skills Lab
Skills assessment, OSCE using mannequin
Skills
PE 27.19
Check for signs of shock, i.e. pulse, Blood pressure, CRT
S
p
Y
DOAP session, Skills Lab
Skills assessment
Skills
PE 27.20
Secure an IV access in a simulated environment
S
P
Y
DOAP session, Skills lab
Skills assessment
Skills
PE 27.21
Choose the type of fluid and calculate the fluid requirement in shock
S
P
Y
DOAP session, Skills lab
Skills assessment
Skills
PE 27.22
Assess level of consciousness and provide emergency treatment to a child with convulsions/coma—Position an unconscious child
  • Position a child with suspected trauma
  • Administer IV/per rectal Diazepam for a convulsing child in a simulated environment
S
P
Y
DOAP session, Skills lab
Skills assessment
Skills
PE 27.23
Assess signs of severe dehydration
S
P
Y
DOAP session, Skills lab
Skills assessment
Skills
PE 27.24
Monitoring and maintaining temperature: define hypothermia. Describe the clinical features, complications and management of Hypothermia
K
K
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
15.8
396
PE 27.25
Describe the advantages and correct method of keeping an infant warm by skin to skin contact
K
K
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
15.8
396
PE 27.26
Describe the environmental measures to maintain temperature
K
K
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
15.8
396
PE 27.27
Assess for hypothermia and maintain temperature
S
SH
Y
Skills lab
Skills assessment
15.8
396
PE 27.28
Provide BLS for children in manikin
S
P
Y
Skills lab
Skills assessment
30.4
934
PE 27.29
Discuss the common causes, clinical presentation, medico-legal implications of abuse
K
K
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
30.12
968
PE 27.30
Demonstrate confidentiality with regard to abuse
A
SH
Y
Skills lab, Simulated patients
Skills assessment
30.12
968
PE 27.31
Assess child for signs of abuse
S
SH
Y
DOAP, Skills lab
Logbook
30.12
968
PE 27.32
Counsel parents of dangerously ill/terminally ill child to break a bad news
S
SH
Y
DOAP, Skills lab
Logbook
30.13
971
PE 27.33
Obtain Informed Consent
S
SH
Y
DOAP, Skills lab
Logbook
30.13
971
PE 27.34
Willing to be a part of the ER team
S
SH
Y
DOAP, Skills lab
Logbook
30.13
971
PE 27.35
Attends to emergency calls promptly
S
SH
Y
DOAP, Skills lab
Logbook
30.13
971
Topic: Respiratory System
PE 28.1
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of Nasopharyngitis
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
21.6
582
PE 28.2
Discuss the etiopathogenesis of Pharyngotonsillitis
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
21.6
582
PE 28.3
Discuss the clinical features and management of Pharyngotonsillitis
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
21.6
582
PE 28.4
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of Acute Otitis Media (AOM)
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
21.4
577
PE 28.5
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of Epiglottitis
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
21.9
592
PE 28.6
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of Acute laryngotracheobronchitis
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
21.10
593
PE 28.7
Discuss the etiology, clinical features and management of Stridor in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
21.8
590
PE 28.8
Discuss the types, clinical presentation, and management of foreign body aspiration in infants and children
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
21.11
596
PE 28.9
Elicit, document and present age appropriate history of a child with upper respiratory problem including Stridor
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
21.8
590
PE 28.10
Perform otoscopic examination of the ear
S
SH
Y
DOAP session
Skills assessment
21.2
572
PE 28.11
Perform throat examination using tongue depressor
S
SH
Y
DOAP session
Skills assessment
21.2
572
PE 28.12
Perform examination of the nose
S
SH
Y
DOAP session
Skills assessment
21.2
572
PE 28.13
Analyze the clinical symptoms and interpret physical findings and make a provisional/differential diagnosis in a child with ENT symptoms
S
SH
Y
Bedside
Skills assessment
21.3
576
PE 28.14
Develop a treatment plan and document appropriately in a child with upper respiratory symptoms
S
SH
Y
Bedside
Skills assessment
21.5
581
PE 28.15
Stratify risk in children with stridor using IMNCI guidelines
S
SH
Y
Bedside
Logbook documentation
21.8
590
PE 28.16
Interpret blood tests relevant to upper respiratory problems
S
SH
N
Bedside, SGD
Logbook
21.5
581
PE 28.17
Interpret X-ray of the paranasal sinuses and mastoid; and/or use, written report in case of management. Interpret CXR in foreign body aspiration and lower respiratory tract infection, understand the significance of thymic shadow in pediatric chest X-rays
S
SH
Y
Bedside, SGD
Skills assessment
21.18
624
PE 28.18
Describe the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical features, management and prevention of lower respiratory infections including bronchiolitis, wheeze associated LRTI Pneumonia and empyema
K
KH
Y
SGD, Lecture
Written, Viva voce
21.12, 21.13, 21.14, 21.15, 21.16
599, 601, 605, 609, 612
PE 28.19
Describe the etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical features, management and prevention of asthma in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
21.17
614
PE 28.20
Counsel the child with asthma on the correct use of inhalers in a simulated environment
S
SH
Y
Bedside, SGD, Lecture
Skills assessment, Written, Viva voce
21.17
614
Topic: Anemia and Other Hemato-oncologic Disorders in children
PE 29.1
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, classification and approach to a child with anemia
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written, Viva voce
20.3
518
PE 29.2
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of iron deficiency anemia
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
20.5
529
PE 29.3
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of Vitamin B12, Folate deficiency anemia
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
20.8
531
PE 29.4
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of Hemolytic anemia, Thalassemia Major, Sickle cell anemia, Hereditary spherocytosis, Auto-immune hemolytic anemia and hemolytic uremic syndrome
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written, Viva voce
20.9, 20.10, 20.11, 20.12, 20.13
535, 538, 540, 544, 546
PE 29.5
Discuss the National Anemia Control Program
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written, Viva voce
20.7
530
PE 29.6
Discuss the cause of thrombocytopenia in children: describe the clinical features and management of idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written, Viva voce
20.17
553
PE 29.7
Discuss the etiology, classification, pathogenesis and clinical features of Hemophilia in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written, Viva voce
20.18
556
PE 29.8
Discuss the etiology, clinical presentation and management of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Children
K
KH
N
Lecture, SGD
Written, Viva voce
20.19
560
PE 29.9
Discuss the etiology, clinical presentation and management of Lymphoma in children
K
KH
N
Lecture, SGD
Written, Viva voce
20.20
562
PE 29.10
Elicit, document and present the history related to Hematology
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills station
20.2
515
PE 29.11
Identify external markers for hematological disorders e.g., Jaundice, Pallor, Petechiae, Purpura, Ecchymosis, Lymphadenopathy, bone tenderness, loss of weight, Mucosal and large joint bleed
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
20.2
515
PE 29.12
Perform examination of the abdomen, demonstrate Organomegaly
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
20.2
515
PE 29.13
Analyze symptoms and interpret physical signs to make a provisional/differential diagnosis
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
20.2
515
PE 29.14
Interpret CBC, LFT
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
20.1, 20.2, 20.3
513, 515, 518
PE 29.15
Perform and Interpret peripheral smear
S
SH
Y
DOAP session
Document in Logbook
20.2
515
PE 29.16
Discuss the indications for Hemoglobin electrophoresis and interpret the report
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
20.9, 20.10
535, 538
PE 29.17
Demonstrate performance of bone marrow aspiration in mannequin
S
SH
Y
Skills lab
Document in Logbook
20.22
566
PE 29.18
Enumerate the referral criteria for Hematological conditions
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Small group activity
Written/Viva voce
20.21
566
PE 29.19
Counsel and educate patients about prevention and treatment of anemia
A/C
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Document in Logbook
20.6
529
PE 29.20
Enumerate the indications for splenectomy and precautions
K
K
N
Small group activity
Written/Viva voce
20.11
540
Topic: Systemic Pediatrics-Central Nervous System
PE 30.1
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications, management and prevention of meningitis in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
24.7
777
PE 30.2
Distinguish bacterial, viral and tuberculous meningitis
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
24.7, 24.8
777, 779
PE 30.3
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, classification, clinical features, complication and management of Hydrocephalus in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
24.4
702
PE 30.4
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, classification, clinical features, and management of Microcephaly in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
2.4
59
PE 30.5
Enumerate the Neural tube defects. Discuss the causes, clinical features, types, and management of Neural Tube defect
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
24.3
762
PE 30.6
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, and management of Infantile hemiplegia
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
24.11
787
PE 30.7
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications and management of Febrile seizures in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
24.6
774
PE 30.8
Define epilepsy. Discuss the pathogenesis, clinical types, presentation and management of Epilepsy in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
24.5
769
PE 30.9
Define Status Epilepticus. Discuss the clinical presentation and management
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
30.9
951
PE 30.10
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of Mental retardation in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
CH-3
62
PE 30.11
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of children with cerebral palsy
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
24.15
799
PE 30.12
Enumerate the causes of floppiness in an infant and discuss the clinical features, differential diagnosis and management
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
24.18
807
PE 30.13
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, management and prevention of Poliomyelitis in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
24.14, (AFP)
793
PE 30.14
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
24.19
809
PE 30.15
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of Ataxia in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
24.17
805
PE 30.16
Discuss the approach to and management of a child with headache
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
24.12
789
PE 30.17
Elicit, document and present an age appropriate history pertaining to the CNS
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
24.1
752
PE 30.18
Demonstrate the correct method for physical examination of CNS including identification of external markers. Document and present clinical findings
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
24.1
752
PE 30.19
Analyse symptoms and interpret physical findings and propose a provisional/differential diagnosis
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
24.1
752
PE 30.20
Interpret and explain the findings in a CSF analysis
S
SH
Y
SGD
Logbook
24.2
758
PE 30.21
Enumerate the indication and discuss the limitations of EEG, CT, MRI
K
K
N
Bedside
Logbook
24.2
758
PE 30.22
Interpret the reports of EEG, CT, MRI
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Logbook
24.2
758
PE 30.23
Perform in a mannequin lumbar puncture. Discuss the indications, contraindications of the procedure
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
24.2
758
Topic: Allergic Rhinitis, Atopic Dermatitis, Bronchial Asthma, Urticaria Angioedema
PE 31.1
Describe the etiopathogenesis, management and prevention of Allergic Rhinitis in Children
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
21.7
584
PE 31.2
Recognize the clinical signs of Allergic Rhinitis
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
21.7
584
PE 31.3
Describe the etiopathogenesis, clinical features and management of Atopic dermatitis in Children
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
28.7
912
PE 31.4
Identify clinical features of atopic dermatitis and manage
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
28.7
912
PE 31.5
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical types, presentations, management and prevention of childhood Asthma
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
21.17
614
PE 31.6
Recognize symptoms and signs of asthma in a child
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
21.17
614
PE 31.7
Develop a treatment plan for a child with appropriate to the severity and clinical presentation
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
21.17
614
PE 31.8
Enumerate the criteria for referral in a child with asthma
K
K
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
21.17
614
PE 31.9
Interpret CBC and chest X-ray in Asthma
S
SH
Y
Bedside clinic, SGD
Skills assessment/OSCE
21.17
614
PE 31.10
Enumerate the indications for PFT
K
K
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
21.17
614
PE 31.11
Observe administration of Nebulization
S
SH
Y
DOAP
Document in Logbook
SDL
PE 31.12
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications and management of Urticaria Angioedema
K
K
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
28.2
900
Topic: Chromosomal Abnormalities
PE 32.1
Discuss the genetic basis, risk factors, complications, prenatal diagnosis, management and genetic counselling in Down Syndrome
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group
discussion
Written
27.3
870
PE 32.2
Identify the clinical features of Down Syndrome
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Logbook
27.3
870
PE 32.3
Interpret normal Karyotype and recognize Trisomy 21
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Logbook
27.3
870
PE 32.4
Discuss the referral criteria and Multidisciplinary approach to management
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
27.3
870
PE 32.5
Counsel parents regarding 1. Present child
2. Risk in the next pregnancy
A/C
SH
N
Bedside, Skills lab
Logbook
27.3
870
PE 32.6
Discuss the genetic basis, risk factors, clinical features, complications, prenatal diagnosis, management and genetic counseling in Turner Syndrome
K
KH
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
27.3
870
PE 32.7
Identify the clinical features of Turner Syndrome
S
SH
N
Bedside, Skills lab
Logbook
27.3
870
PE 32.8
Interpret normal Karyotype and recognize Turner Karyotype
S
SH
N
Bedside, Skills lab
Logbook
27.3
870
PE 32.9
Discuss the referral criteria and Multidisciplinary approach to management
K
KH
N
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
27.3
870
PE 32.10
Counsel parents regarding 1. Present child 2. Risk in the next pregnancy
A/C
SH
N
Bedside, Skills lab
Logbook
27.3
870
PE 32.11
Discuss the genetic basis, risk factors, complications, prenatal diagnosis, management and genetic counseling in Klinefelter Syndrome
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
27.3
870
PE 32.12
Identify the clinical features of Klinefelter Syndrome
S
SH
N
Bedside/photo
Logbook
27.3
870
PE 32.13
Interpret normal Karyotype and recognize the Klinefelter Karyotype
S
SH
N
Bedside/photo
Logbook
27.3
870
Topic: Endocrinology
PE 33.1
Describe the etiopathogenesis clinical features, management of Hypothyroidism in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
25.3, 25.4, 25.5
815, 816, 817
PE 33.2
Recognize the clinical signs of Hypothyroidism and refer
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
25.4, 25.5
816, 817
PE 33.3
Interpret and explain neonatal thyroid screening report
S
SH
Y
Bedside, SGD
Skills assessment
25.4
816
PE 33.4
Discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical types, presentations, complication and management of Diabetes mellitus in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
25.6, 25.7
819, 825
PE 33.5
Interpret Blood sugar reports and explain the diagnostic criteria for Type 1 Diabetes
S
SH
Y
Bedside clinic, Small group activity
Skills assessment
25.6
819
PE 33.6
Perform and interpret Urine Dip Stick for Sugar
S
P
Y
DOAP session
Skills assessment
SDL
PE 33.7
Perform genital examination and recognize Ambiguous Genitalia and refer appropriately
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
25.13
831
PE 33.8
Define precocious and delayed Puberty
K
KH
Y
Lecture, SGD
Written/Viva voce
25.10, 25.11
827, 829
PE 33.9
Perform Sexual Maturity Rating (SMR) and interpret
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
5.2, 25.9
107, 826
PE 33.10
Recognize precocious and delayed Puberty and refer
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Logbook
25.10, 25.11
827, 829
PE 33.11
Identify deviations in growth and plan appropriate referral
S
P
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Logbook
2.2, 25.2
43, 813
Topic: Vaccine Preventable Diseases— Tuberculosis
PE 34.1
Discuss the epidemiology, clinical features, clinical types, complications of Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
14.3
282
PE 34.2
Discuss the various diagnostic tools for childhood tuberculosis
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
14.3
282
PE 34.3
Discuss the various regimens for management of Tuberculosis as per National Guidelines
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
14.3
282
PE 34.4
Discuss the preventive strategies adopted and the objectives and outcome of the National Tuberculosis Program
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
14.3
282
PE 34.5
Able to elicit, document and present history of contact with tuberculosis in every patient encounter
S
SH
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
SDL
PE 34.6
Identify a BCG scar
S
P
Y
Bedside, Skills lab
Skills assessment
SDL
PE 34.7
Interpret a Mantoux Test
S
P
Y
Bedside
Skills assessment
SDL
PE 34.8
Interpret a chest radiograph
S
SH
Y
Bedside
Skills assessment
SDL
PE 34.9
Interpret blood tests in the context of laboratory evidence for tuberculosis
S
SH
N
Bedside, SGD
Logbook
SDL
PE 34.10
Discuss the various samples for demonstrating the organism, e.g. Gastric Aspirate, Sputum, CSF, FNAC
K
KH
Y
Bedside, SGD
Written/Viva voce
14.3
282
PE 34.11
Perform AFB staining
S
P
Y
DOAP session
Logbook/Journal
SDL
PE 34.12
Enumerate the indications and discuss the limitations of methods of culturing M. tuberculosis
K
KH
Y
SGD
Written/Viva voce
14.3
282
PE 34.13
Enumerate the newer diagnostic tools for Tuberculosis including BACTEC CBNAAT and their indications
K
K
N
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
14.3
282
PE 34.14
Enumerate the common causes of fever and discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications and management of fever in children
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
14.1, 14.2
274, 279
PE 34.15
Enumerate the common causes of fever and discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications and management of child with exanthematous illness like Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Chickenpox
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
14.4, 14.5, 14.6, 14.7
290, 293, 295, 297
PE 34.16
Enumerate the common causes of fever and discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications and management of child with Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
14.13, 14.14, 14.15
325, 328, 330
PE 34.17
Enumerate the common causes of fever and discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications and management of child with Typhoid
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
14.16
334
PE 34.18
Enumerate the common causes of fever and discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications and management of child with Dengue, Chikungunya and other vector borne diseases
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
14.8, 14.9
300, 308
PE 34.19
Enumerate the common causes of fever and discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications and management of children with Common Parasitic Infections, malaria, leishmaniasis, filariasis, helminthic infestations, amebiasis, giardiasis
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
14.17, 14.18, 14.19, 14.20, 14.21, 14.23, 14.24, 14.25, 14.26, 14.27
337, 346, 349, 354, 356, 358, 360, 361, 362, 362
PE 34.20
Enumerate the common causes of fever and discuss the etiopathogenesis, clinical features, complications and management of child with Rickettsial diseases
K
KH
Y
Lecture/SGD
Written/Viva voce
14.28
364
Topic: The Role of the Physician in the Community
PE 35.1
Identify, discuss and defend medicolegal, socio-cultural and ethical issues as they pertain to health care in children (including parental rights and right to refuse treatment)
K
KH
Y
Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
31.10
995
INTEGRATED COMPETENCIES
Number
Competency
The student should be able to
Domain K/S/A/C
Level K/KH/SH/P
Core Y/N
Suggested teaching learning methods
Suggested assessment methods
Integrated subject
New chapter no.
Page no.
PY 11.9
Interpret growth charts
K
KH
Y
Small group teaching
Practical/OSPE/Viva voce
Physiology
1.7
14
PY 11.10
Interpret anthropometric assessment of infants
K
KH
Y
Small group teaching
Practical/OSPE/Viva voce
Physiology
1.4, 1.7
7, 14
PS 15.1
Describe the etiology and magnitude of mental retardation
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Psychiatry
3.1
62
PS 15.2
Describe and discuss intelligence quotient and its measurement
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Psychiatry
1.9, 3.1
31, 62
PM 3.1
Describe and discuss the clinical features, types, evaluation, diagnosis and management of cerebral palsy
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Physical medicine
24.15
799
PM 3.2
Recognize, describe and discuss the spectrum of multiple disability: cognitive, motor, visual and hearing in cerebral palsy
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Physical medicine
24.15
799
PM 3.3
Recognize, describe and discuss the role of special education in children with learning disabilities
K
K
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Physical medicine
3.2
73
PM 3.4
Demonstrate spasticity, rigidity and dystonia in children with cerebral palsy
S
SH
Y
DOAP session, Small group discussion, Bedside clinic
Skills assessment
Physical medicine
24.15
799
PM 3.5
Enumerate the indications and describe the therapies for spasticity including medications, serial casts, nerve blocks, botulinum toxin injections
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Physical medicine
24.15
799
BI 5.3
Describe the digestion and absorption of dietary proteins
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Biochemistry
18.1
470
BI 5.4
Describe common disorders associated with protein metabolism
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Biochemistry
27.8
887
BI 8.1
Discuss the importance of various dietary components and explain importance of dietary fiber
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Biochemistry
8.1
135
BI 8.5
Summarize the nutritional importance of commonly used items of food including fruits and vegetables (macro-molecules and its importance)
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Biochemistry
8.2
138
CM 5.1
Describe the common sources of various nutrients and special nutritional requirements according to age, sex, activity, physiological conditions
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Community medicine
8.1
135
CM 5.2
Describe and demonstrate the correct method of performing a nutritional assessment of individuals, families and the community by using the appropriate method
S
SH
Y
DOAP session
Skills assessment
Community medicine
8.3
143
CM 5.4
Plan and recommend a suitable diet for the individuals and families based on local availability of foods and economic status, etc. in a simulated environment
S
SH
Y
DOAP session
Skills assessment
Community medicine
8.4
146
CM 5.5
Describe the methods of nutritional surveillance, principles of nutritional education and rehabilitation in the context of socio-cultural factors
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Community Medicine
8.7
151
CM 5.6
Enumerate and discuss the National Nutrition Policy, important national nutritional Programs including the Integrated Child Development Services Scheme (ICDS), etc.
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Community medicine
8.6
150
BI 8.2
Describe the types and causes of protein energy malnutrition and its effects
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Biochemistry
9.1, 9.2
154, 156
PA 12.2
Describe the pathogenesis of disorders caused by protein calorie malnutrition and starvation
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Pathology
9.4, 9.5
159, 168
CM 5.3
Define and describe common nutrition-related health disorders (including macro-PEM, Micro-iron, Zn, iodine, Vit. A), their control and management
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Community medicine
10.2, 11.2, 11.3
176, 197, 200
IM 23.3
Discuss and describe the etiology, causes, clinical manifestations, complications, diagnosis and management of common vitamin deficiencies
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Internal medicine
10.1, 10.7
175, 194
CM 5.8
Describe and discuss the importance and methods of food fortification and effects of additives and adulteration
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Community medicine
11.8, 11.9
209, 210
BI 10.5
Describe antigens and concepts involved in vaccine development
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Biochemistry
13.1
235
MI 1.8
Describe the mechanisms of immunity and response of the host immune system to infections
K
KH
Y
Lecture
Written/Viva voce
Microbiology
13.1, 13.2
235, 238
MI 1.9
Discuss the immunological basis of vaccines and describe the Universal Immunisation schedule
K
KH
Y
Lecture
Written/Viva voce
Microbiology
13.3, 13.4
241, 243
MI 1.10
Describe the immunological mechanisms in immunological disorder (hypersensitivity, autoimmune disorders and immunodeficiency states) and discuss the laboratory methods used in detection
K
KH
Y
Lecture
Written/Viva voce
Microbiology
26.1, 26.2, 26.3
833, 834, 835
CM 10.5
Describe Universal Immunization Program; Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) and other existing Programs
K
KH
Y
Small group discussion, Lecture
Written/Viva voce
Community medicine
13.4, 31.7
243, 989
PH 1.43
Describe and discuss the rational use of antimicrobials including antibiotic stewardship program
K
KH
Y
Lecture
Written/Viva voce
Pharmacology
14.29, 14.30
369, 369
OG 18.2
Demonstrate the steps of neonatal resuscitation in a simulated environment
S
SH
Y
DOAP session
Skills assessment
Obstetrics and Gynecology
15.2
372
OG 18.4
Describe the principles of resuscitation of the newborn and enumerate the common problems encountered
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Obstetrics and Gynecology
15.2
372
OG 1.2
Define and discuss perinatal mortality and morbidity including perinatal and neonatal mortality and morbidity audit
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Short notes
Obstetrics and Gynecology
15.1, 16.1, 30.1, 30.2
371, 402, 930, 931
OG 18.1
Describe and discuss the assessment of maturity of the newborn, diagnosis of birth asphyxia, principles of resuscitation, common problems
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Obstetrics and Gynecology
15.4, 16.2, 16.3
382, 405, 411
OG 18.3
Describe and discuss the diagnosis of birth asphyxia
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Obstetrics and Gynecology
16.3
411
MI 3.1
Enumerate the microbial agents causing diarrhea and dysentery. Describe the epidemiology, morphology, pathogenesis, clinical features, and diagnostic modalities of these agents
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Microbiology
17.2, 17.5, 17.6
458, 464, 465
MI 3.2
Identify the common etiologic agents of diarrhea and dysentery
S
SH
Y
DOAP session
Skills assessment
Microbiology
17.2, 17.5, 17.6
458, 464, 465
CM 3.3
Describe the etiology and basis of water borne diseases/jaundice/hepatitis/diarrheal diseases
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion, DOAP session
Written/Viva voce
Community medicine
17.2
458
PA 21.2
Classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis and pathology of vascular and platelet disorders including ITP and hemophilias
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Pathology
20.16, 20.17
551, 553
AN 25.9
Demonstrate surface marking of lines of pleural reflection, Lung borders and fissures, Trachea, Heart borders, Apex beat and surface projection of valves of heart
K/S
SH
Y
Practical
Viva voce/Skills assessment
Anatomy
21.1
568
AN 25.4
Describe embryological basis of:
(1) atrial septal defect, (2) ventricular septal defect, (3) Fallot's tetralogy and (4) tracheoesophageal fistula
K
KH
Y
Lecture
Written/Viva voce
Anatomy
22.2
633
AN 25.5
Describe developmental basis of congenital anomalies, transposition of great vessels, dextrocardia, patent ductus arteriosus and coarctation of aorta
K
KH
Y
Lecture
Written/Viva voce
Anatomy
22.2
633
PA 28.12
Define, classify and describe the genetics, inheritance etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory, urinary findings, distinguishing features, progression and complications of cystic disease of the kidney
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Pathology
23.3
700
PA 28.14
Classify and describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, pathology, presenting features, progression and spread of renal tumors
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Pathology
23.14
742
AN 63.2
Describe anatomical basis of congenital hydrocephalus
K
KH
N
Lecture
Written
Anatomy
24.4
766
AN 64.3
Describe various types of open neural tube defects with its embryological basis
K
KH
N
Lecture
Written/Viva voce
Anatomy
24.3
762
PA 35.2
Classify and describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, pathology, presentation sequelae and complications of CNS tumors
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Pathology
24.13
791
MI 5.1
Describe the etiopathogenesis, clinical course and discuss the laboratory diagnosis of meningitis
K
KH
Y
Lecture
Written/Viva voce
Microbiology
24.7, 24.8
777, 779
MI 5.2
Describe the etiopathogenesis, clinical course and discuss the laboratory diagnosis of encephalitis
K
KH
Y
Lecture
Written/Viva voce
Microbiology
24.9
781
MI 5.3
Identify the microbial agents causing meningitis
S
SH
Y
DOAP session
Skills assessment
Microbiology
24.7
777
PM 3.7
Enumerate the first aid measures to be used in patients with seizures
K
K
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
24.5
769
PA 31.4
Enumerate and describe the etiology, hormonal dependency and pathogenesis of gynecomastia
K
KH
N
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Pathology
25.11
829
AN 74.1
Describe the various modes of inheritance with examples
K
KH
Y
Lecture
Written
Anatomy
27.2
862
AN 74.2
Draw pedigree charts for the various types of inheritance and give examples of diseases of each mode of inheritance
K
KH
Y
Lecture
Written
Anatomy
27.2
862
AN 75.1
Describe the structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations
K
KH
Y
Lecture
Written
Anatomy
27.3
870
AN 75.2
Explain the terms mosaics and chimeras with example
K
KH
N
Lecture
Written
Anatomy
27.2
862
AN 75.3
Describe the genetic basis and clinical features of Prader Willi syndrome, Edward syndrome and Patau syndrome
K
KH
N
Lecture
Written
Anatomy
27.3
870
AN 75.4
Describe genetic basis of variation; polymorphism and mutation
K
KH
Y
Lecture
Written
Anatomy
27.1
859
AN 75.5
Describe the principles of genetic counseling
K
KH
Y
Lecture
Written
Anatomy
27.7
883
BI 7.3
Describe gene mutations and basic mechanism of regulation of gene expression
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Biochemistry
27.1, 27.2
859, 862
BI 7.4
Describe applications of recombinant DNA technology, PCR in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases with genetic basis
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Biochemistry
27.5
879
AN 74.4
Describe the genetic basis and clinical features of Achondroplasia, Cystic Fibrosis, Vitamin D resistant rickets, Hemophilia, Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and Sickle cell anemia
K
KH
N
Lecture
Written
Anatomy
27.7, 27.9
883, 891
AS 2.1
Enumerate the indications, describe the steps and demonstrate in a simulated environment basic life support in adults children and neonates
S
SH
N
DOAP session
Skills assessment
Anesthesia
30.4
934
CM 9.2
Define, calculate and interpret demographic indices including birth rate, death rate, fertility rates
S
SH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion, DOAP sessions
Skills assessment
Community medicine
31.1, 31.2
975, 978
CM 10.1
Describe the current status of Reproductive, maternal, newborn and Child Health
K
KH
Y
Small group discussion, Lecture
Written/Viva voce
Community medicine
31.1, 31.2
975, 978
CM 10.4
Describe the reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMCH); child survival and safe motherhood interventions
K
KH
Y
Small group discussion, Lecture
Written/Viva voce
Community medicine
31.4, 31.5, 31.6
983, 984, 986
FM 2.27
Define and discuss infanticide, feticide and stillbirth
K
KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussions
Written/Viva voce
Forensic medicine
31.2
978
FM 3.29
Describe and discuss child abuse and battered baby syndrome
K
K/KH
Y
Lecture, Small group discussion
Written/Viva voce
Forensic medicine
30.12, 30.13
968, 971
PH 1.12
Calculate the dosage of drugs using appropriate formulae for an individual patient, including children, elderly and patient with renal dysfunction
K/S
SH
Y
Lecture, practical
Written/Viva voce
Pharmacology
32
996
PH 1.56
Describe basic aspects of Geriatric and Pediatric pharmacology
K
KH
Y
Lecture
Written/Viva voce
Pharmacology
32
996
DR 5.1
Describe the etiology, microbiology, pathogenesis, natural history, clinical features, presentations, and complications of scabies
K
KH
Y
Lecture
Written/Viva voce
Dermatology
28.4
906
DR 5.2
Identify and differentiate scabies from other lesions
K
KH
Y
Lecture
Written/Viva voce
Dermatology
28.4
906
(DOAP session: demonstrate, observe, assess, perform; K/KH/SH/P: knows/knows how/shows how/performs; K/S/A/C: knowledge/skills/attitude/communication; OSPE: objective structured practical examination; SDL: self-directed learning; Y/N: yes/no)
IAP Task Force on Competency-based Curriculum for Pediatrics in UG education: Competencies to Specific Learning Objectives Competency statements are taken from the MCI document and not modifiable