Essentials of Applied Microbiology for Nurses Including Infection Control and Safety Apurba S Sastry, Sandhya Bhat
INDEX
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWYZ
Page numbers followed by f refer to figure and t refer to table.
A
Abscess 376
amoebic liver 198
Acid-fast bacilli 21f, 121f
Acid-fast staining 22, 124, 365, 380
Acinetobacter 35, 274, 281, 287, 354, 356
Acquired immunity 68, 68t
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 176, 178, 193
Actinomycetes 115
Actinomycetoma 247, 248
Active immunity 69, 70, 70t
Active immunoprophylaxis 93
Adaptive immunity 68
Adenovirus 44, 62, 153, 275
Adult respiratory distress syndrome 285
Aedes
aegypti 165, 168
albopictus 165
Aerosol generating procedures 276, 277
African sleeping sickness 207
Agglutination reaction 76, 81
Air surveillance 328
Airborne precautions 276, 385
Albert's stain 22, 113, 113f
Alcohol 306
Aldehyde 305
Algid malaria 210
Amoeba 51, 197
free-living 7f, 197, 201
Anaerobic culture 19, 20, 376
Anaphylactic reactions 223
Anchovy sauce pus 198
Ancylostoma 233
Antibiogram 340
Antibody 74, 75, 91, 186
Antibody-mediated immune response 72
Antigen 74, 130
Antigen-antibody reactions, types of 81
Antigenic drift 156, 156t
Antigenic shift 156
Antimicrobial agent 34, 35t, 338
Antimicrobial resistance 34, 335
Antimicrobial stewardship program 294, 335
Anti-rabies prophylaxis 172t
Antiretroviral therapy 324
Arbovirus 165
Ascaris lumbricoides 231
Aspergillosis 250, 252–254
Automated antimicrobial susceptibility tests 28
Automated blood culture systems 25, 129
Automated identification systems 105
B
B lymphocytes 71
Babesia 214, 346
Bacillus
anthracis 12, 13, 42, 114
Bacteremia 103, 136, 345
Bacterial endotoxins 42t
Bacterial genetics 31
Bacterial growth 15
curve 15, 16f, 16t
Bacterial meningitis, acute 349, 350
Bacterial pathogenesis 39
Bacteriophages 154, 154f
Bacteroides fragilis 39, 119
Balamuthia mandrillaris 201
Balantidium coli 218
Bartonella 144
Biofire film array 351
Biomedical waste 262, 270, 313, 317f
Biphasic medium 24f, 25, 348f
BK virus 153
Blackwater fever 210
Blastocystis hominis 218
Blastomyces 346
Blood 262
collection of 347f
spill management 319
Blood culture 20, 129
bottles 348f
specimen collection for 347
Bloodstream infection 345, 346, 373
Bordetella pertussis 138, 363, 375
Borrelia 345
vincentii 363
Botulism, infant 118
Brugia malayi 53, 229, 237, 239, 239f, 240
C
Calabar swelling 240
Candida albicans 250, 251f, 260
Capsule, demonstration of 12
Castleman's disease 193
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection 135, 280, 282, 292t, 294
Catheter-related bloodstream infection 282
Central sterile services department 298, 299f
Chagas’ disease 207
Chemiluminescence
immunoassay 86, 186
Chickenpox 62, 151
Chlamydia 35, 144, 274, 355, 364, 365
Cholera 134
Christie-Atkins-Munch-Peterson test 104
Chronic meningitis 349, 351
agents of 352t
Clonorchis sinensis 227
Clostridium
botulinum 42, 116, 118, 359
difficile 118
perfringens 35, 116, 117f
tetani 16, 42, 61, 94, 116, 117, 118f
Clue cells 139
Coagulase test 105f
Coagulase-negative staphylococci 104, 106
Coccidioidomycosis 249
Complement pathways 68, 78f
Condylomata lata 141
Congenital rubella syndrome 160
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) 62, 63, 95, 161, 163, 382
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 22, 35, 42, 94, 112, 113f, 362
Cough etiquette 262, 276, 279
Coxiella burnetii 144
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 194
Cryptococcus neoformans 56, 251, 252f
Cryptosporidium 217, 218f, 326, 358
Cutaneous anthrax 114
Cutaneous larva migrans 235, 241
Cyclospora 217, 218f, 358
cayetanensis 217
Cysticercosis 220–222
Cystoisospora 217, 218f
belli 217
Cytomegalovirus 152
infections 152
D
Dendritic cells 68, 72
Dengue 165, 166
Dermatophytoses 246, 246t, 247
Diarrheal diseases 357, 373
laboratory diagnosis of 359
Dimorphic fungi 56, 249
Diphtheria 70, 112, 113, 275, 362
toxin 112
Diphyllobothrium latum 224
Direct fluorescent antibody 171
tests 365
Dracunculiasis 241
Droplet transmission 62
Dry heat sterilizer 303, 304f
Dysentery 218
E
Ear infections 136, 370, 371, 373
Echinococcus granulosus 219, 222
Eijkman test 327
Elek's gel precipitation test 81
Endotoxins 42
Entamoeba coli 197
Entamoeba histolytica 197, 199f, 326, 358
Enteric fever 128, 131
Enterobacterales 35, 126
Enterobiasis 231
Enterococcus 35, 109, 287
Entero-test 201
Enzyme-linked fluorescence assay 47, 85
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 47, 83, 167, 200
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis 153
Epstein-Barr virus 152, 193, 370
Escherichia coli 13, 15, 16, 24, 35, 39, 126, 327, 349, 354
ESKAPE pathogens 260
Eumycetoma 247, 248
F
Fasciola hepatica 227, 227f
Fasciolopsis buski 226, 227, 227f
Fatty diarrhea 201
Filarial dance sign 239
Filarial nematodes 7, 237
Fimbriae 13, 41
Flagella 13
Flash sterilization 302
Floppy child syndrome 118
Fluorescence microscope 7, 8f, 46
Food poisoning 104, 358
Food-borne botulism 118
Fusobacterium fusiformis 363
G
Gardnerella vaginalis 135, 139, 369
Gas gangrene 116, 117
GeneXpert 122
German measles 159
Giant-cell pneumonitis 158
Giardia 197, 358
duodenalis 201, 202, 202f
Gloves 264, 265, 382
donning, steps of 266f
Gonococcus 111f
Gown donning, steps of 269f
Gown removal, steps of 269f
Gram stain 9, 10t, 15, 20, 21f, 56, 110, 113, 114, 117, 286, 351t, 380
Griffith experiment 32
Guinea worm disease 229, 241
H
H1N1 flu 156
HACEK group 138
Haemophilus
ducreyi 138
influenzae 12, 13, 15, 23, 36, 95, 114, 137, 138f, 275, 349, 362, 364, 365
Halophilic vibrio 134
Hand hygiene 262, 263, 263f, 264, 265, 270, 274, 275, 381
Hand wash 263, 264, 381
steps of 263, 264f
Healthcare-associated infection 59, 104, 135, 259, 260, 280, 292, 294t
Helicobacter pylori 40, 135, 139
Helminths 51, 51t, 357
Hemorrhagic cystitis 153
Hepatitis viruses 183, 183t
Hepatitis A virus 183
Hepatitis B 184, 184, 184f, 187, 193, 260, 295, 325t, 333, 386, 387
Hepatitis C 183, 188, 189, 193, 260
Herd immunity 70
Herpes simplex virus 149
Hide Porter's disease 114
Histoplasmosis 249
Hospital antibiogram 340
Hospital infection control 3, 257
Human immunodeficiency virus 176
Human oncogenic viruses 193t
Hydatid disease 224
Hymenolepis nana 219, 224
I
Immunity 11, 67
Immunochromatographic test 47, 53, 87, 200
Immunoglobulin 49, 96
Infection control 262, 296
measures 106, 113, 123, 151, 274, 275, 331
Infectious mononucleosis 82, 152
Infective endocarditis 103, 136
Influenza 62, 157, 295, 333
Innate immunity 67, 68, 68t
Interferon 48
Intestinal amoebae 197
Intestinal flagellates 201
Intestinal flukes 226, 227
Intestinal nematodes infections 51, 229
Intestinal taeniasis 220, 220f, 221
Intrinsic resistance 34
Invasive aspergillosis 254
Ionizing radiation 305
J
Japanese B encephalitis 168
JC virus 153
K
Kala-azar elimination 207
Kaposi's sarcoma 193
Katayama fever 226
Kirby-Bauer's disk diffusion 28
Klebsiella 35, 281, 354
Koch's postulates 4
Koplik's spots 157, 158f
Kyasanur forest disease virus 167
L
Lancefield grouping 106, 107
Larva 219, 232
currens 235
migrans 241
Legionnaires disease 139
Leishmaniasis 205f
Lepromatous leprosy 124, 124t
Leprosy 125
Leptospirosis 144
Listeria 35, 115
Loa loa 229, 237, 240
Loeffler's syndrome 231
Ludwig's angina 362
Lymphatic filariasis 237, 240
M
Madura foot 247
Malaria 208, 213
Malassezia furfur 245
Malignant pustule 114f
Maltese cross forms 214
McFadyean's reaction 114
McIntosh and Filde's anaerobic jar 26, 26f
Measles 63, 158
Megaloblastic anemia 224
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 38, 105
Microscopic agglutination 82
test 144
Molluscum contagiosum virus 153
Monkeypox virus 153
Monoclonal antibody 77
Montenegro test 206
Moraxella catarrhalis 362
Morganella 281
Mucormycosis 252
Mueller-Hinton agar 28, 356
Multiple tube method 327, 328f
Mumps 62, 275
Mycetoma 247, 248
Mycobacteria infections 120
Mycoplasma 35, 36, 146, 364, 365
Mycotoxicosis 253
Myxoviruses 155
N
Naegleria fowleri 201
Natural killer cells 68, 71
Needle stick injury 321, 386, 387, 397
Neisseria
gonorrhoeae 63, 109, 110, 370
meningitidis 41, 109
Neurocysticercosis 221, 222f
Nipah virus 159
Nocardia 115, 248
species 247
Nonfermenter gram-negative bacilli 135
Non-sporing anaerobes 119
Nontuberculous mycobacteria 120, 125
Non-typhoidal salmonellae 128
Nonvenereal treponema species 143
O
Omicron detection 163
Onchocerca volvulus 229, 237, 240
Oncogenic viruses 193
Opisthorchis viverrini 227
Oral live attenuated vaccines 134
Oral polio vaccine 70, 174, 174t, 175
Oriental sore 207
Orientia tsutsugamushi 144
Orthomyxoviruses 155
Otitis externa 371
Otitis media 371
P
P24 antigen detection 179, 181
Papillomaviruses 153
Paracoccidioides 346
brasiliensis 56, 249
Paracoccidioidomycosis 249
Paragonimus westermani 226, 227, 227f, 363
Parainfluenza viruses 157
Paramyxoviruses 155
Parvovirus B19 62, 153, 275
Paul Bunnell test 82
Penicillium marneffei 56, 254
Pernicious malaria 210
Personal protective equipment 157, 193, 262, 263, 266f, 270, 274, 275, 277, 317, 382, 385
Pertussis 275
Piedra 245
Plasmodium 7, 208, 346, 379
Pneumococcus 108
Polyomaviruses 153
Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis 206
Pour plate technique 25
Prozone phenomenon 81
Pseudomonas 35, 42, 274, 281, 287, 354, 356
Pulmonary anthrax 114
Pulmonary aspergillosis 253
Pulmonary tuberculosis 120, 373
Pulse polio immunization 175
Pyogenic meningitis 350, 351, 351t
Q
Quantitative buffy coat
examination 212, 239
Quellung reaction 13
R
Rabies 170, 172, 334
Rapid diagnostic test 213
Rat-bite fever 139
Real-time polymerase chain reaction 29, 30, 47, 163, 189, 200
Reye's syndrome 151
Rhinoscleroma 362
Rhinosporidiosis 248
Rhinovirus 62, 275
Rhizopus 253f
Rice-water stool 133
Rickettsia 35, 144
Ringworm 246
Rose Gardner's disease 248
Rotavirus 44, 192f
Roundworm 231
Rubella 62, 63, 159, 275
S
Salmonella 128, 326, 327, 354
Schistosoma 226
Seasonal flu 156
Serratia marcescens 132, 305
Serum, sickness 92
Shigella 131, 326, 327, 358
Sleeping sickness 207
Slow virus 194t
Smallpox virus 62, 153
Spaulding's classification 300t
Spill management 322
Sporotrichosis 248
Staphylococcus 35, 103
Streptobacillus moniliformis 135, 139
Streptococcus 36, 106
Strongyloidiasis 235
Surgical mask 266
and respirators 265
Surgical site infection 135, 286, 287t, 288, 293t
Swimmer's ear 136
Swimming pool granuloma 125
Syphilis 141, 143
T
Taenia saginata 219, 220
Taenia solium 219–221
Tinea 246
Toxic shock syndrome 104
Toxoplasmosis 217
Trematode infections 226
Treponema pallidum 17, 35, 141
Trichinella spiralis 229, 237, 241
Trichomonas
infections 197
Trichuris 229
Trypanosoma 204, 207, 346
brucei complex 207
Tuberculosis 122, 123, 363
Typhoidal salmonella 128
Typhus fever 82
U
Ureaplasma urealyticum 146
Urinary tract infection 103, 126, 250, 292, 353, 354, 356, 373
V
Vaccination 93, 213
Varicella-zoster virus 151, 370
Ventilator-associated pneumonia 135, 261, 280, 284, 286, 286t, 364
Vibrio cholerae 13, 17, 23, 35, 41, 42, 61, 132, 134f, 326, 358
Vincent's angina 363
Viral gastroenteritis 191, 192, 378
Viral hemorrhagic fever 62, 275
Viral hepatitis 183
Visceral larva migrans 241
W
Warthin-Finkeldey cells 158
Weil Felix test 144
Weil's disease 143
West Nile virus 168
Western blot 86
Whooping cough 138, 275, 363
Widal test 82, 130, 130f
Wool sorter's disease 114
Wuchereria bancrofti 53, 229, 237, 239, 240f, 379
Y
Yeasts 21
Yellow fever 168
17D vaccine 168
Yersinia pestis 132
Z
Ziehl-Neelsen staining 15, 121
Zika virus disease 169
Zoster 62, 151
Zygomycoses 250, 252
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