Artificial Intelligence: General ApproachCHAPTER 1

In 1950, a renowned mathematician, AM Turing, mentioned this question in a paper¹ which came out in the journal of Mind—“Can machine think?” Artificial intelligence (AI) provides an affirmative answer to the question. That is the simplest way to define AI, which essentially is a branch of computer science dealing with building up smart machines capable of doing tasks which need human intelligence. In a textbook, “Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach,” author Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig defined AI as “the study of agents that receive percepts from the environment and perform actions.” AI can be defined in another way as “algorithms enabled by constraints, exposed by representations that support models targeted at loops that tie thinking, perception, and action together.” Machine learning is one of them and deep learning is one of those machine-learning techniques. AI is not without its risk. Stephen Hawking described the impact of unsupervised AI as cataclysmic. “Unless we learn how to prepare for, and avoid potential risks, AI could be the worst event in the history of civilization.”