Practical Handbook of FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY Posterior Pole and Retinal Periphery
SECOND EDITION REVISED AND ENLARGED
Practical Handbook of FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY Posterior Pole and Retinal Periphery
SECOND EDITION REVISED AND ENLARGED
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Practical Handbook of Fluorescein Angiography, Second Edition / Marco Rispoli, Bruno Lumbroso
First Edition: 2014
Second Edition: 2022
9789354657894
Printed at:
Fluorangiography is an established technique for the study of the retina circulation and, specifically, vascular disorders, chorioretinal inflammations, and retinal tumors. It has been in use for more than 60 years throughout the world and is, everywhere, an integral part of the clinical examination of patients suffering from retinal diseases.
The emergence and diffusion of structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) 30 years ago, and, specifically, OCT-angiography (OCT-A) 10 years ago, has profoundly transformed the way fluorangiography is used in every day practice. Fluorangiography actually no longer represents the gold standard of imaging in ophthalmology but it is still an important tool to complete OCT and OCT-A results, particularly with regard to the retinal periphery and inflammatory forms.
New technology allows us to study easily with no need of manual or automatic reconstruction of the middle and far periphery, as we will see in Part VI of this book.
We wrote the first edition of this manual in 2014 and we had already included some OCT B-scan and OCT en face scans. It was essential to expand and completely modify this new edition. We had to include images illustrating retinal periphery, and advances that OCT and OCT-A have brought.
You will therefore find, in this book, our established rational method of “ophthalmological imaging” interpretation: that is, first the accurate analysis of all the elements and then the synthesis and global study of these elements, leading to deduction and diagnosis.
New chapters, new diagnoses, and new fluorescein angiography data from exploration of retinal periphery and the most up-to-date pathophysiological facts are integrated in the text and figures.
We therefore present this entirely new practical manual of fluorangiography to young eye specialists entering the profession, but also to colleagues who are already experts and have been along us during the evolution of ophthalmological imaging.
Marco Rispoli and I directed this updating work and asked specialists of the retinal periphery and eye oncology to write some completely new chapters.
We therefore hope that this new edition, which replaces the former one that is now out of stock, will be of help to residents, young ophthalmologists, and expert specialists who wish to keep up-to-date on the new developments of fluorescein angiography.
Marco Rispoli
Bruno Lumbroso
Preface to the first edition
I (Bruno Lumbroso) have been teaching for years logical methods of retinal imaging analysis and interpretation. I published my first “Handbook of Fluorescein Angiography Interpretation” a few years after the fluorescein angiography clinical use became widespread. After it, I published analytical manuals on indocyanine green angiography and, lately, OCT (cross section and “en face” OCT).
In these interpretation handbooks, I systematically follow a rational method to interpret medical ophthalmological imaging. Accurate analysis must come before synthesis deduction and diagnosis. Diagnoses must be the product of logical processes. The inability to formulate an exact diagnosis could be due to the insufficient logical exploitation of one's knowledge.
Even now, with the extensive use of OCT, fluorescein angiography remains absolutely necessary in clinical ophthalmology to detect and highlight retinal alterations in morphology and structure.
Widely illustrated with fluorescein angiography figures but also, when necessary with ICG, autofluorescence, sagittal and frontal OCT images, this concise handbook intends to show how to read and interpret fluorescein angiography imaging, documenting and diagnosing the most common retinal pathologies. Several tables not only offer guidance through everyday disorders but also in the difficult study of the rarest and most difficult diagnoses. This manual illustrates a logical and simple analysis and interpretation method of fluorescein angiography imaging, clearly stating the steps required to reach a diagnosis.
I am happy today to propose this new “Practical Handbook of Fluorescein Angiography”, not only to young doctors and residents but also to ophthalmologists more expert with retinal diseases.
I (Bruno Lumbroso) would like to thank Dr Marco Rispoli for his many years of invaluable collaboration, unerring imaging and image selection, and help with the chapters of this volume.
Bruno Lumbroso
Marco Rispoli
Dedication
To my father, unique guide and example for my profession and my life.
Marco Rispoli
Acknowledgments
We are extremely grateful to the following colleagues for writing the chapters on retinal periphery: Paolo Lanzetta, Carla Danese, Maria Grazia Sammarco, and Andrea Scupola.
Contributors
- Marco Rispoli MD
- Surgery and Emergency Unit, Rome Eye Hospital
- Centro Italiano Macula
- Rome, Italy
- Bruno Lumbroso MD
- Past Director, Rome Eye Hospital,
- Director Centro Italiano Macula
- Rome, Italy
- Maria Antonietta Blasi MD
- Associate Professor
- Chief of Ocular Oncology Unit
- Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli (IRCS)
- Catholic University
- Rome, Italy
- Carmela Grazia Caputo MD
- Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli (IRCS)
- Catholic University
- Rome Italy
- Carla Danese MD
- Department of Medicine
- Ophthalmology University of Udine
- Udine, Italy
- Alessandro De Filippis MD
- Resident in Ophthalmology
- Ophthalmology Unit
- Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli (IRCS)
- Catholic University
- Rome, Italy
- Paolo Lanzetta MD
- Professor of Ophthalmology
- Head of Department of Medicine
- Ophthalmology, University of Udine
- Udine, Italy
- Monica Maria Pagliara MD
- Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli (IRCS)
- Catholic University
- Rome, Italy
- Maria Grazia Sammarco MD
- Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli (IRCS)
- Catholic University
- Rome, Italy
- Maria Cristina Savastano MD PhD
- Clinical Research Coordinator, Ophthalmology Unit
- Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli (IRCS)
- Catholic University
- Rome, Italy
- Andrea Scupola MD
- Vitreoretinal Surgery and Retinal Medical Service
- Ocular Oncology Unit, Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli (IRCS)
- Catholic University
- Rome, Italy