Prelims

Exam Preparatory Manual for Undergraduates Community Medicine (PSM)

As per the New Competency-based Medical Education Curriculum (NMC)

Fourth Edition

Vivek Jain MBBS, Maulana Azad Medical College MD (Community Medicine) (PSM), Lady Hardinge Medical College New Delhi, India

Formerly

Senior Resident VMMC & SJH & UCMS & GTBH, New Delhi Faculty GFIMSR, Ballabhgarh, Faridabad, Haryana, India Consultant, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, South Asia

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Exam Preparatory Manual for Undergraduates: Community Medicine (PSM)

First Edition: 2015

Second Edition: 2018

Third Edition: 2019

Fourth Edition: 2022

9789354657252

Printed at

Preface to the Fourth Edition

Let me first thank you for the overwhelming response from both students and faculty towards the third edition of Exam Preparatory Manual for Undergraduates: Community Medicine (PSM). Several universities and medical colleges in India have included this book in their curriculum, reiterating my belief that hard work and sincere efforts do get recognition.

It gives me immense pleasure to share with you an updated and highly-improvised new fourth edition of Exam Preparatory Manual for Undergraduates: Community Medicine (PSM).

The Fourth Edition has the following features:

New sections: Coronavirus and COVID-19 disease, COVID-19 vaccines, geriatrics, Recent Advances in Community Medicine
New topics in public health: Global Hunger Index, National Air Quality Index (NAQI), COVID-19 BMW management, World Health Day, 2021, immunization in special situations, how to formulate a research question, health promotion, holistic health, spiritual health, sources of epidemiological data, application of computers in epidemiology, steps of clinical research in surgery, surgical audit, obstructive airway disease, obesity, NSSO, developmental delays, complementary feeding, rainwater harvesting, diseases related to tobacco/alcohol air pollution, gender issues, women empowerment, doctor-patient communication, man-made disaster, principles of ergonomics, concept of mental health, community psychiatry, healthcare-associated infections, basics of infection control, PPE, data types/classification/collection, essential medicines/counterfeit medicines, Quality Control of Drugs in India, Esperanza patient, malaria vaccine
New updated guidelines: New revised ARV regimen guidelines, notification of rabies, new nutrition guidelines 2020–2021, WHO International Health Regulations, ARSH
New emerging infections: COVID-19, H5N1, H10N3, Zika virus, Nipah virus, Crimean-Congo fever, West Nile fever, Norovirus, Ebola virus, H7N9, MERS-CoV
New/updated health programs, policies, legislations: NTEP 2020–2021, Nikshay, NPCBVI, NDHM, MTP Act, 2020–2021, National Nutrition Policy, Mental Health Laws in India, National Mental Health Programme
New initiatives in public health: National Strategic Plan (NSP) TB 2017–2025, Aarogya Setu, NMC 2020
New schemes in public health: SUMAN, PMSMA, PMMVY, DAKSHTA, SAANS, Aahaar Kranti Mission, Poshan Gyan
New/updated public health data/statistics of India 2021–2022: NFHS-5 data, SRS data, Rural Health Statistics 2020–2021
Topper's edge: Tricky short notes in recent professional examinations
Over 170+ new images/diagrams added for improvized comprehension

Vivek Jain

“Use mask and sanitizer. Follow social distancing. Get vaccinated. Stay healthy, stay safe! Let's beat Corona!

˜ Vivek Jain

Preface to the First Edition

‘Understanding Community Medicine (PSM) is difficult, owing to the vastness of the subject, but easy and enjoyable, if you come across a good teacher and a useful book!’

—A student

While preparing for Community Medicine (PSM) in Undergraduate MBBS Professional Examinations, I realized that despite availability of standard textbooks and good teachers, there are lots of difficulties faced by students. Like every student, I faced a plethora of questions. Regarding Theory Examinations: How to structure a Long Question? How much to write in Short note? How to write differences between? What about questions not given in text books or taught in class lectures? Similarly for Practicals: How to prepare for Long Case/ Short Case/ Family presentation? Which topics to study and how to score maximum marks in Epidemiological-Statistical exercises? How to maximize marks during Spots exercise? For Viva voce: What are the various questions that can be asked? How to answer precisely and correctly? Community Medicine (PSM) is a vast and varied subject to conceptualize and memorize. Elaborate books also confused me regarding the relative importance of each topic in the subject. And as a Faculty today, I can understand the problems faced by students, in this important subject, much better.

So, I decided to pen down ‘Preparatory Manual for Undergraduates (PMFU)’, keeping in mind students’ requirements and an examiner's expectations during Examinations.

In Theory Section, each Chapter has been divided into topics and sub-topics based on questions asked during MBBS Professional Examinations in Medical Universities of India during last 20 years. Each topic and sub-topic has been concisely put point-wise making them faster to read and easy to learn. Several diagrams have been used to help student understand the concept. At end of each chapter, a separate section ‘Examination Corner’ has been given comprising of list of Long Questions, Short Questions and Differences between asked in previous examinations. Viva-voce questions with concise and precise answers have been included to enhance students’ confidence.

In Practicals Section, Epidemiology/ Statistics/ Demography Exercises and Spots Exercise have been given with solutions. Formats for Family presentation, Long Case/ Short case Presentation have been given with examples. Spots exercise has been supplemented with Picture plates for students’ benefit.

Useful tips, based on my experience as an Undergraduate student, Post-graduate student and a Faculty, have been given in different sections of book to help student embrace success in examinations. A compendium of Annexures useful during MBBS Professional examinations has been provided separately.

Do remember that there is no substitute to text-books but hopefully this PMFU will address the lacunae obstructing your success in Professional Examinations.

Despite every possible effort been undertaken to ensure no technical or typographical errors, such are bound to be present in any book. If you come across another such error or if you have any comment, suggestions, queries or views, you are most welcome to share. Do also share your experiences while reading this book and the subject.

Hope you have a successful career ahead.

Wish you Success, not just in Community Medicine (PSM) but in Life!

Vivek Jain

Email: docvivekjain@gmail.com

Acknowledgments

I am sincerely thankful to Late Mr RD Jain, my maternal grandfather for being an inspiration in my life. Words would fall short of my true sentiments for my wife Dr Rashmi Naudiyal and daughter Mischka, who have been pillars of support throughout my career and my decisions. Without the blessing of my Parents, Parents-in-laws and God, this endeavor would not have seen the light of the day.

I take this opportunity to thank my teachers and my colleagues who have blessed me with their knowledge and wisdom. Their inspiration, guidance and support, in one way or the other, have always motivated me to excel academically. I extend my heartfelt thanks to:

Dr AK Sharma, Professor (Community Medicine), UCMS & GTBH
Late Dr AK Sharma, Faculty (Community Medicine), LHMC & SSKH
Dr Alka Sodhi Vaccher, Medical Officer, BSES
Dr Anita Khokhar, Professor (Community Medicine), VMMC & SJH
Dr Anita Verma, Professor (Community Medicine), VMMC & SJH
DR AT Kannan, Former Director Professor & Head (Community Medicine), UCMS & GTBH
Dr B Dhiman, Professor (Community Medicine), LHMC & SSKH
Dr Diksha Sabharwal, Purple Nest
Dr DK Raut, Former Director Professor and HOD (Community Medicine), VMMC & SJH
Dr DK Taneja, Former Director Professor (Community Medicine), MAMC & LNJPH
Dr GK Ingle, Former Director Professor and HOD (Community Medicine), MAMC & LNJPH
Dr Gowri N Sengupta, ADG (Public Health), CHEB
Dr GS Meena, Director Professor (Community Medicine), MAMC & LNJPH
Dr Himanshu Chauhan, PHS, MOHFW, GOI
Dr JG Prasuna, Professor (Community Medicine), LHMC & SSKH
Dr Jugal Kishore, Professor & Head (Community Medicine), VMMC & SJH
Dr Jyoti Khandekar, Professor (Community Medicine), LHMC & SSKH
Dr Karan Singh Sagar, GAVI, Geneva
Dr Manila Gaddh, Emory University, Atlanta
Dr Meenakshi Dabas, NHS, Redbridge
Dr MM Chandra Singh, Professor (Community Medicine), MAMC & LNJPH
Dr Neelam Roy, Professor (Community Medicine), VMMC & SJH
Dr NK Saini, Associate Professor (Community Medicine), UCMS & GTBH
Dr OP Rajoura, Professor (Community Medicine), UCMS & GTBH
Dr P Sai Kumar, GFATM, Geneva
Dr Panna Lal, Professor (Community Medicine), MAMC & LNJPH
Dr Pragati Chabbra, Professor (Community Medicine), UCMS & GTBH
Dr Priya Arora, Professor, ACMS
Dr Poornima Tiwari, Professor (Community Medicine), VMMC & SJH
Dr Rahul Sharma, Professor (Community Medicine), UCMS & GTBH
Dr Rajesh Kumar, Professor (Community Medicine), MAMC & LNJPH
Dr Ranjan Das, Director-Professor & Head (Community Medicine), AIIHPH
Dr Richa Talwar, Professor (Community Medicine), VMMC & SJH
Dr Rinku Sharma, Jt Director, NCDC
Dr Roochika Trehan, Family Medicine Practitioner
Dr Sanjay Chaturvedi, Professor & Head (Community Medicine), UCMS & GTBH
Dr Saudan Singh, Former DG Medical Education (UP) and Professor (Community Medicine), VMMC & SJH
Dr SK Bhasin, Professor (Community Medicine), UCMS & GTBH
Dr SK Pradhan, Former Director Professor and HOD (Community Medicine), VMMC & SJH
Dr SK Rasania, Professor & Head (Community Medicine), LHMC & SSKH
Dr Shikha Vardhan, DDG, CEOH, NCDC
Dr Suminder Kaur, GMC, Amritsar
Dr Suparna Bagga Khera, MOHFW, GOI
Dr Sujata Arya, PHS, Central Government
Dr SV Singh, Professor (Community Medicine), MAMC & LNJPH
Dr Yogesh Gautam, Medical Officer, VMMC & SJH
Dr Vibha, Former Professor (Community Medicine), LHMC & SSKH
Dr Virendra Gautam, Professor (Community Medicine), VMMC & SJH

A personal vote of thanks to Dr Omkar Gadre, GCS Medical College, Ahmedabad for sharing quite a comprehensive review for improvisation of the book.

I must share with you that my interest in teaching was generated by Dr Isha, Dr Nidhi, Dr Shagun and Dr Surabhi, my former students at Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi. My sincere thanks to you young doctors for laying the foundation stone of my career.

A vote of thanks to Undergraduates and Postgraduates of MAMC, LHMC, UCMS, VMMC, New Delhi, who have been my ‘True Teachers’.

I sincerely thank Mr Rajesh Sharma, Director, PGDIAMS; Dr Sumer Sethi, Director, DAMS and Dr Bhatia, Director, DBMCI for helping me gain entry into the field of competitive academics. Thanks to Mr Manoj Naudiyal, IRSS for being an inspirational figure in academics.

I am highly grateful to Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India for his whole-hearted support in publication of this book. I thank Dr Madhu Choudhary (Publishing Head-Education), and their team at Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi India for their work on the book.

Acknowledgement is also due to Mr Anurag, M/s Medical Book Store, MAMC and LHMC for his suggestions.

Last but definitely not the least, no words can describe the role of all medical students, with whom I ever have had interacted, in helping me give this book, its final shape.

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Competency Table

Number	COMPETENCY The student should be able to	Domain K/S/A/C	Level K/KH/SH/P	Core Y/N	Suggested teaching learning method	Suggested assessment method	Chapter number
CM1.1	Define and describe the concept of public health	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	1
CM1.2	Define health; describe the concept of holistic health including concept of spiritual health and the relativeness and determinants of health	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	2
CM1.3	Describe the characteristics of agent, host and environmental factors in health and disease and the multi-factorial etiology of disease	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	2
CM1.4	Describe and discuss the natural history of disease	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	2
CM1.5	Describe the application of interventions at various levels of prevention	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	2
CM1.6	Describe and discuss the concepts, the principles of health promotion and education, IEC and behavioral change communication (BCC)	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	2, 16
CM1.7	Enumerate and describe health indicators	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	2
CM1.8	Describe the demographic profile of India and discuss its impact on health	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	10
CM1.9	Demonstrate the role of effective communication skills in health in a simulated environment	S	SH	Y	DOAP sessions	Skill Assessment	16
CM1.10	Demonstrate the important aspects of the doctor patient relationship in a simulated environment	S	SH	Y	DOAP sessions	Skill Assessment	16
CM2.1	Describe the steps and perform clinico-socio-cultural and demographic assessment of the individual, family and community	S	SH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion, DOAP session	Written/Viva voce/Skill assessment	15
CM2.2	Describe the socio-cultural factors, family (types), its role in health and disease and demonstrate in a simulated environment the correct assessment of socio-economic status	S	SH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion, DOAP session	Written/Viva voce/Skill assessment	15
CM2.3	Describe and demonstrate in a simulated environment the assessment of barriers to good health and health seeking behavior	S	SH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion, DOAP session	Written/Viva voce/Skill assessment	15
CM2.4	Describe social psychology, community behavior and community relationship and their impact on health and disease	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	15
CM2.5	Describe poverty and social security measures and its relationship to health and disease	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	15
CM3.1	Describe the health hazards of air, water, noise, radiation and pollution	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	14
CM3.2	Describe concepts of safe and wholesome water, sanitary sources of water, water purification processes, water quality standards, concepts of water conservation and rainwater harvesting	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion, DOAP session	Written/Viva voce	14
CM3.3	Describe the etiology and basis of water borne diseases /jaundice/hepatitis/diarrheal diseases	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion, DOAP session	Written/Viva voce	14
CM3.4	Describe the concept of solid waste, human excreta and sewage disposal	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	14
CM3.5	Describe the standards of housing and the effect of housing on health	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	14
CM3.6	Describe the role of vectors in the causation of diseases. Also discuss National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	14
CM3.7	Identify and describe the identifying features and life cycles of vectors of public health importance and their control measures	S	SH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion, DOAP session	Written/Viva voce/Skill assessment	14
CM3.8	Describe the mode of action, application cycle of commonly used insecticides and rodenticides	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	14
CM4.1	Describe various methods of health education with their advantages and limitations	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	16
CM4.2	Describe the methods of organizing health promotion and education and counseling activities at individual family and community settings	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	16
CM4.3	Demonstrate and describe the steps in evaluation of health promotion and education program	S	SH	Y	Small group session, DOAP session	Written/Viva voce/Skill assessment	16
CM5.1	Describe the common sources of various nutrients and special nutritional requirements according to age, sex, activity, physiological conditions	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	13
CM5.2	Describe and demonstrate the correct method of performing a nutritional assessment of individuals, families and the community by using the appropriate method	S	SH	Y	DOAP sessions	Skill Assessment	13
CM5.3	Define and describe common nutrition related health disorders (including Macro-PEM, Micro-iron, Zn, iodine, Vit. A), their control and management	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	13
CM5.4	Plan and recommend a suitable diet for the individuals and families based on local availability of foods and economic status, etc., in a simulated environment	S	SH	Y	DOAP sessions	Skill Assessment	13
CM5.5	Describe the methods of nutritional surveillance, principles of nutritional education and rehabilitation in the context of socio-cultural factors	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	13
CM5.6	Enumerate and discuss the National Nutrition Policy, important National Nutritional Programmes including the Integrated Child Development Services Scheme (ICDS), etc.	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	13
CM5.7	Describe food hygiene	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	13
CM5.8	Describe and discuss the importance and methods of food fortification and effects of additives and adulteration	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	13
CM6.1	Formulate a research question for a study	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture, DOAP sessions	Written/Viva voce/Skill assessment	5
CM6.2	Describe and discuss the principles and demonstrate the methods of collection, classification, analysis, interpretation and presentation of statistical data	S	SH	Y	Small group, Lecture, DOAP sessions	Written/Viva voce/Skill assessment	10
CM6.3	Describe, discuss and demonstrate the application of elementary statistical methods including test of significance in various study designs	S	SH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture, DOAP sessions	Written/Viva voce/Skill assessment	20
CM6.4	Enumerate, discuss and demonstrate common sampling techniques, simple statistical methods, frequency distribution, measures of central tendency and dispersion	S	SH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture, DOAP sessions	Written/Viva voce/Skill assessment	20
CM7.1	Define epidemiology and describe and enumerate the principles, concepts and uses	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	5
CM7.2	Enumerate, describe and discuss the modes of transmission and measures for prevention and control of communicable and non- communicable diseases	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	5
CM7.3	Enumerate, describe and discuss the sources of epidemiological data	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	5
CM7.4	Define, calculate and interpret morbidity and mortality indicators based on given set of data	S	SH	Y	Small group, DOAP sessions	Written/Skill assessment	2, 5
CM7.5	Enumerate, define, describe and discuss epidemiological study designs	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	5
CM7.6	Enumerate and evaluate the need of screening tests	S	SH	Y	Small group discussion, DOAP sessions	Written/Skill assessment	4
CM7.7	Describe and demonstrate the steps in the investigation of an epidemic of communicable disease and describe the principles of control measures	S	SH	Y	Small group discussion, DOAP sessions	Written/Skill assessment	6
CM7.8	Describe the principles of association, causation and biases in epidemiological studies	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	5
CM8.1	Describe and discuss the epidemiological and control measures including the use of essential laboratory tests at the primary care level for communicable diseases	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	7
CM8.2	Describe and discuss the epidemiological and control measures including the use of essential laboratory tests at the primary care level for non-communicable diseases (diabetes, hypertension, stroke, obesity and cancer, etc.)	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	8
CM8.3	Enumerate and describe disease specific National Health Programmes including their prevention and treatment of a case	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	9
CM8.6	Educate and train health workers in disease surveillance, control and treatment and health education	S	SH	Y	DOAP sessions	Skill assessment	2
CM8.7	Describe the principles of management of information systems	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	17
CM9.1	Define and describe the principles of Demography, Demographic cycle, Vital statistics	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	10
CM9.2	Define, calculate and interpret demographic indices including birth rate, death rate, fertility rates	S	SH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion, DOAP sessions	Skill assessment	10
CM9.3	Enumerate and describe the causes of declining sex ratio and its social and health implications	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	10
CM9.4	Enumerate and describe the causes and consequences of population explosion and population dynamics of India	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	10
CM9.5	Describe the methods of population control	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	11
CM9.6	Describe the National Population Policy	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	11
CM9.7	Enumerate the sources of vital statistics including census, SRS, NFHS, NSSO, etc.	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	10
CM10.1	Describe the current status of reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	9
CM10.2	Enumerate and describe the methods of screening high-risk groups and common health problems	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	4
CM10.3	Describe local customs and practices during pregnancy, childbirth, lactation and child feeding practices	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	9
CM10.4	Describe the reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMCH); child survival and safe motherhood interventions	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	9
CM10.5	Describe Universal Immunization Program; Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) and other existing programs	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	9
CM10.6	Enumerate and describe various family planning methods, their advantages and shortcomings	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	11
CM10.7	Enumerate and describe the basis and principles of the Family Welfare Program including the organization, technical and operational aspects	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	11
CM10.8	Describe the physiology, clinical management and principles of adolescent health including ARSH	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	12
CM10.9	Describe and discuss gender issues and women empowerment	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	15
CM11.1	Enumerate and describe the presenting features of patients with occupational illness including agriculture	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	18
CM11.2	Describe the role, benefits and functioning of the employees state insurance scheme	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	18
CM11.3	Enumerate and describe specific occupational health hazards, their risk factors and preventive measures	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	18
CM11.4	Describe the principles of ergonomics in health preservation	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	18
CM11.5	Describe occupational disorders of health professionals and their prevention and management	K	KH	Y	Small group discussion, Lecture	Written/Viva voce	18
CM12.1	Define and describe the concept of Geriatric services	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	22
CM12.2	Describe health problems of aged population	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	22
CM12.3	Describe the prevention of health problems of aged population	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	22
CM12.4	Describe national program for elderly	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	22
CM13.1	Define and describe the concept of disaster management	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	18
CM13.2	Describe disaster management cycle	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	18
CM13.3	Describe man made disasters in the world and in India	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	18
CM13.4	Describe the details of the National Disaster Management Authority	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	18
CM14.1	Define and classify hospital waste	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion, visit to hospital	Written/Viva voce	18
CM14.2	Describe various methods of treatment of hospital waste	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion, visit to hospital	Written/Viva voce	18
CM14.3	Describe laws related to hospital waste management	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	18
CM15.1	Define and describe the concept of mental health	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	18
CM15.2	Describe warning signals of mental health disorder	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	18
CM15.3	Describe National Mental Health Programme	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	18
CM16.1	Define and describe the concept of health planning	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	17
CM16.2	Describe planning cycle	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	17
CM16.3	Describe health management techniques	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	17
CM16.4	Describe health planning in India and national policies related to health and health planning	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	17
CM17.1	Define and describe the concept of health care to community	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	17
CM17.2	Describe community diagnosis	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	17
CM17.3	Describe primary health care, its components and principles	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	17
CM17.4	Describe national policies related to health and health planning and millennium development goals	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	17
CM17.5	Describe health care delivery in India	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	17
CM18.1	Define and describe the concept of International health	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	19
CM18.2	Describe roles of various International health agencies	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	19
CM19.1	Define and describe the concept of Essential Medicine List (EML)	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	23
CM19.2	Describe roles of essential medicine in primary health care	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	23
CM19.3	Describe counterfeit medicine and its prevention	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	23
CM20.1	List important public health events of last five years	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	23
CM20.2	Describe various issues during outbreaks and their prevention	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	23
CM20.3	Describe any event important to health of the community	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	23
CM20.4	Demonstrate awareness about laws pertaining to practice of medicine such as Clinical Establishment Act and Human Organ Transplantation Act and its implications	K	KH	Y	Lecture, Small group discussion	Written/Viva voce	23

Chapter Notes

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