IAP Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
IAP Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
Third Edition
Editors
Jaydeep Choudhury DNB (Ped) MNAMS FIAP
Professor, Department of Pediatrics Institute of Child Health,
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Chairperson, IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter 2020
Vice President (EZ), Indian Academy of Pediatrics 2019
Convener, ACVIP 2016-17
Ritabrata Kundu MD (Ped) FIAP
Professor Department of Pediatric Medicine, Institute of Child Health
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Chairperson, IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter 2012
President, West Bengal Academy of Pediatrics 2011
Digant D Shastri MD (Ped) FIAP PGDHHM
CEO and Senior Consultant Pediatrician Killol Children Clinic and Vaccination Center,
Surat, Gujarat, India
President, Indian Academy of Pediatrics 2019
Chairperson, IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter 2013
Vijay Yewale MD DCH FIAP
Head, Institute of Child Health, Apollo Hospitals, Navi Mumbai
Director, Dr Yewale Multispecialty Hospital for Children
Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Editor in Chief, Pediatric Infectious Disease
Chairperson, IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter 2016
President, Indian Academy of Pediatrics 2014
Executive Editor
Abhay K Shah MD Dped (Uni First) FIAP
Senior Pediatrician and Infectious Diseases Consultant and Director Children Hospital,
Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Member ACVIP 2020-21
Chairperson, IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter 2015
Chief Academic Editor
Dhanya Dharmapalan MD PG Dip in Ped (Oxford) FIAP
Consultant in Pediatric Infectious Diseases Apollo Hospitals
Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
Academic Editors
Bhaskar Shenoy MD
Head, Department of Pediatrics
Chief, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Manipal Hospital,
Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Secretary, IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter 2022-23
Kheya Ghosh Uttam DCH DNB (Ped) FIAP
NICU In-Charge and Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics Institute of Child Health,
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
Secretary, IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter 2020-21
Forewords
Piyush Gupta
Remesh Kumar R
Upendra Kinjawadekar
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© 2023, Indian Academy of Pediatrics
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IAP Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
First Edition: 2013
Second Edition: 2019
Third Edition: 2023
9789354656866
Printed at:
The third edition of IAP Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases is dedicated to Dr A Parthasarathy, the Founder Editor of this book.
- Late A Parthasarathy
- Senior Consultant Pediatrician
- AP Child Care
- Former Distinguished Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- The Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University
- Retired Senior Clinical Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Madras Medical College
- Deputy Superintendent
- Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Abhay K Shah
- Senior Pediatrician and Infectious Diseases Consultant and Director
- Children Hospital
- Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Member ACVIP 2020-21
- Chairperson, IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter 2015
- AJ Chitkara
- Director and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- Max Superspecialty Hospital
- New Delhi, India
- Late Anand Shandilya
- Director
- Dr Anand's Hospital for Children
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Aniruddha Ghosh
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Pediatric Medicine
- Institute of Child Health
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Anju Aggarwal
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital
- New Delhi, India
- Apurba Ghosh
- Professor and Director
- Department of Pediatric Medicine
- Institute of Child Health
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Archana Mahalingam
- Postgraduate Diploma in Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Consultant
- Department of Pediatrics
- Manipal Hospitals
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Ashish Pathak
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- RD Gardi Medical College
- Ujjain, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Ashok Kumar Dutta
- Emeritus Consultant
- Department of Pediatrics
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospital
- New Delhi, India
- Ashok Rai
- Consultant Pediatrician
- Surya Superspecialty Hospital, Varanasi
- Kilkari Institute of Child Health, Varanasi
- Director, Indian Institute of Cerebral Palsy and Handicapped Children, Varanasi
- Honorary IMA Professor of Pediatrics and Faculty
- Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences
- Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Ashwani K Sood
- Vice Principal
- Adesh Medical College and Hospital
- Ambala, Punjab, India
- Atul Kulkarni
- Consultant Pediatrician
- Department of Pediatrics
- Ashwini Sahakari Rugnalaya
- Solapur, Maharashtra, India
- Baldev S Prajapati
- Professor
- GCS Medical College
- Hospital and Research Center
- Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Bharat Mehra
- Assistant Professor and
- Chief Pediatric Intensivist
- Department of Pediatrics
- Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research
- Amritsar, Punjab, India
- Bhaskar Shenoy
- Head, Department of Pediatrics
- Chief, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Manipal Hospitals
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Secretary, IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter 2022-23
- BS Sharma
- Senior Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- NIMS University and Medical College
- Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Chandra Mohan Kumar
- Additional Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- Patna, Bihar, India
- Chetan Trivedi
- Consultant
- Pediatrician and Neonatologist
- Neha Children Hospital
- Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Debabrata Nandi
- Consultant
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology
- RN Tagore Institute of Cardiac Sciences
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Debasree Gangopadhyay
- Senior Consultant
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology
- Rabindranath Tagore International Institute of Cardiac Sciences
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Dhanya Dharmapalan
- Consultant
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Apollo Hospitals
- Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Digant D Shastri
- CEO and Senior Consultant Pediatrician
- Killol Children Clinic and Vaccination Center
- Surat, Gujarat, India
- President, Indian Academy of Pediatrics 2019
- Chairperson, IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter 2013
- Hari Mohan Meena
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Dr SN Medical College
- Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
- Harish Pemde
- Director Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Lady Hardinge Medical College and
- Kalawati Saran Children's Hospital
- New Delhi, India
- Harshita Jagwani
- Senior Resident
- Department of Pediatrics
- Institute of Child Health
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Hitt Sharma
- Additional Director (Medical Affairs)
- Serum Institute of India Ltd.
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Ira Shah
- Professor and Head
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Pediatric GI, Hepatology
- Nodal Officer, Pediatric DR-TB Center and Pediatric HIV/ART Center
- BJ Wadia Hospital for Children
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Jagdish Chinnappa
- Consultant
- Department of Pediatrics
- Manipal Hospitals
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Janani Sankar
- Senior Consultant
- Department of Pediatrics
- Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Jaydeep Choudhury
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Institute of Child Health
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Chairperson, IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter 2020
- Vice President (EZ), Indian Academy of Pediatrics 2019
- Convener, ACVIP 2016-17
- Jeeson Unni
- Editor-in-Chief
- IAP Drug Formulary
- Consultant Pediatrician
- Dr Kunhalu's Nursing Home
- Kochi, Kerala, India
- Jyoti Ranjan Behera
- Associate Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences
- Bhubaneshwar, Odisha, India
- K Dhanalakshmi
- Senior Consultant
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Ketan Bharadva
- Masoom Children's Hospital and Child
- Development and Rehab Unit
- Neo Plus Neonatal and
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
- Surat, Gujarat, India
- Kheya Ghosh Uttam
- NICU In-Charge and Associate Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Institute of Child Health
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Secretary, IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter 2020-21
- Krishna Mohan R
- Consultant Pediatrician
- Government Health Services
- Kozhikode, Kerala, India
- Lalitha Kailas
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- SAT Hospital and
- Government Medical College
- Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Madhuri Kanitkar
- Vice Chancellor
- Maharashtra University of Health Sciences
- Nasik, Maharashtra, India
- Madhu Sonkar
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Sarojini Naidu Children Hospital
- Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Mahua Roy
- Consultant Pediatric Cardiologist
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology
- RN International Institute of Cardiac Sciences
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Malathi Sathiyasekaran
- Consultant Pediatric Gastroenterologist
- Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital
- Sundaram Medical Foundation and
- Apollo Hospitals
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Meet Patel
- Consulting Pediatrician
- Department of Pediatrics
- Rainbow Children Hospital
- Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- M Indrashekhar Rao
- Director
- Division of Pediatrics and Neonatology
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Navodaya Hospital for Women and Children
- Secunderabad, Telangana, India
- Mithila Amin
- Consultant
- Chandra Jyoti Children Hospital and
- Rainbow Pediatric Multispecialty Clinic
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Monjori Mitra
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Institute of Child Health
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Narayanappa D
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- JSS Medical College
- JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research
- Mysuru, Karnataka, India
- Narendra Rathi
- Consultant Pediatrician
- Rathi Children Hospital and
- Maternity Home
- Akola, Maharashtra, India
- Naveen Thacker
- Director
- Deep Children Hospital and
- Research Center
- Kutch, Gujarat, India
- Nigam P Narain
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Patna Medical College and Hospital
- Patna, Bihar, India
- Niranjan Mohanty
- Former Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- SCB and MKCG Medical Colleges
- Cuttack, Odisha, India
- Nitin K Shah
- Section Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- PD Hinduja National Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Nupur Ganguly
- Professor
- Department of Pediatric Medicine
- Institute of Child Health
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Omesh Kumar Bharti
- State Epidemiologist
- Department of Health and Family Welfare
- Government of Himachal Pradesh
- State Institute of Health and
- Family Welfare
- Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
- P Ramachandran
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Pankaj Jain
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Pediatric Medicine
- SMS Medical College
- Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Parang N Mehta
- Consultant
- Department of Pediatrics
- Mehta Clinic
- Surat, Gujarat, India
- Piyush Gupta
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Principal
- University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital
- New Delhi, India
- Prabhas Prasun Giri
- Associate Professor
- Department of Pediatrics and PICU
- Institute of Child Health
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Preeti M Galagali
- Director and Consultant Adolescent Health Specialist
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Adolescent Medicine
- Bengaluru Adolescent Care and Counseling Centre
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Priyankar Pal
- Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Institute of Child Health
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Rajal B Prajapati
- Associate Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Smt NHL Municipal Medical College
- Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Rajesh Chokhani
- Consultant
- Department of Pediatrics
- PD Hinduja Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Rajesh Kumar
- Senior Resident
- Department of Pediatrics
- Patna Medical College
- and Hospital
- Patna, Bihar, India
- Rajeshwar Dayal
- Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- SN Medical College
- Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Rajniti Prasad
- Professor and Chief
- Division of Pediatric Neurology
- Department of Pediatrics
- Institute of Medical Sciences
- Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Raju C Shah
- Consulting Pediatrician and Neonatologist
- Former Professor and
- Head
- Gujarat Cancer Society
- Medical College
- Ankur Institute of Child Health
- Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Ravishankara Marpalli
- Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- SS Sparsh Hospital
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Remesh Kumar R
- Consultant
- Department of Pediatrics
- Apollo Adlux Hospital
- Ernakulam, Kerala, India
- IAP President 2022
- Rhishikesh Thakre
- Director
- Department of Neonatology
- Neo Clinic and Hospital
- Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
- Ritabrata Kundu
- Professor of Pediatrics
- Department of Pediatric Medicine
- Institute of Child Health
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Chairperson, IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter 2012
- President, West Bengal Academy of Pediatrics 2011
- Ritesh Shah
- Consultant Pediatric Neurophysician
- Department of Pediatric Neurology
- SAACHI Children Hospital
- Surat, Gujarat, India
- Rohit Agrawal
- Director
- Chandrajyoti Children Hospital
- Rainbow Pediatric Multispecialty Clinic
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Rukhsar Shemna
- Junior Medical Officer
- PD Hinduja National Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Rumpa Saha
- Professor
- Department of Microbiology
- University College of
- Medical Sciences and
- Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital
- New Delhi, India
- RW Thergaonkar
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- INHS Asvini
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- S Balasubramanian
- Senior Consultant Pediatrician
- Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- S Nagabhushana
- Visiting Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Rainbow Children's Hospital
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- S Venkat Reddy
- Consultant Pediatrician
- Department of Pediatrics
- Apollo Spectra Hospitals
- Secunderabad, Telangana, India
- Sagar Bhattad
- Consultant
- Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology
- Department of Pediatrics
- Aster CMI hospital
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Sahana M Srinivas
- Consultant Pediatric Dermatologist
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Samipa Mukherjee
- Chief Dermatologist and Director
- Dr Samipa's The Skin Hair Nail Clinic
- Consultant Pediatric Dermatologist and Dermatologist
- CloudNine Hospitals
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Sandipan Dhar
- Professor
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology
- Institute of Child Health
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Sangeeta Sharma
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
- New Delhi, India
- Sanjay Deshpande
- Specialist Registrar in Pediatric Infectious Diseases/Immunology/BMT
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases/Immunology/BMT
- Great Ormond Street Hospital
- London, UK
- Sanjay Krishna Ghorpade
- Director and Associate Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Postgraduate Institute of Pediatrics and
- Niramay Hospital and Research Center
- Satara, Maharashtra, India
- Satish Pandya
- Consultant Pediatrician and Counselor
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Preventive Health
- Varun Complete Health Care
- Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- Shivananda
- Former Director
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Shruti Sharma
- Assistant Professor and In-charge
- Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit
- Indira Gandhi Medical College
- Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
- Shweta Chitkara
- Head
- Department of Microbiology
- Dr T Bhasin Path Labs
- Amritsar, Punjab, India
- Shyam Kukreja
- Director and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- Max Superspecialty Hospital
- New Delhi, India
- Sinchana N
- Senior Resident
- JSS Medical College
- JSS Academy of Higher
- Education and Research
- Mysuru, Karnataka, India
- Somu Sivabalan
- Senior Consultant Pediatrician and Pulmonologist
- Dr Rela Institute and Medical Centre
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Srinath MV
- Assistant Professor of Pediatrics
- Department of Pediatrics
- Saveetha Medical College and Hospital
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Srinivas G Kasi
- Consultant Pediatrician
- Kasi Clinic
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- SS Kamath
- Consultant Pediatrician
- Welcare Hospital
- Kochi, Kerala, India
- Sudip Dutta
- Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatrics
- Sikkim Manipal Institute of
- Pediatric Sciences
- Gangtok, Sikkim, India
- Suhas V Prabhu
- Visiting Pediatric Consultant
- PD Hinduja National Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Sumanth Amperayani
- Registrar of Pediatrics
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Asthma Clinic
- Kanchi Kamakoti Childs Trust Hospital
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Sumit Periwal
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Sikkim Manipal Institute of
- Pediatric Sciences
- Gangtok, Sikkim, India
- Sushil Kumar Kabra
- Professor
- Pediatric Pulmonology Division
- Department of Pediatrics
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi, India
- Sutapa Ganguly
- Former Professor and Head
- Department of Pediatric Medicine
- Malda Medical College and Hospital
- Malda, West Bengal, India
- Swati Popat
- Director
- Om Baby Care Hospital
- Rajkot, Gujarat, India
- Swati Y Bhave
- Executive Director
- Association of Adolescent and
- Child Care in India, Mumbai
- Senior Visiting Consultant
- Indraprastha Apollo Hospital
- New Delhi, India
- Tanu Singhal
- Consultant
- Department of Pediatrics and
- Infectious Disease
- Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani
- Hospital and
- Medical Research Institute
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Tapisha Gupta
- Principal Consultant
- Department of Pediatrics
- Max Superspecialty Hospital
- New Delhi, India
- Upendra Kinjawadekar
- Consultant Pediatrician and Neonatologist
- Kamalesh Mother and Child Hospital
- Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Vidya Krishna
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- Sri Ramachandra Medical
- College and Hospital
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Vijay Yewale
- Head, Institute of Child Health, Apollo Hospitals, Navi Mumbai
- Director, Dr Yewale Multispecialty Hospital for Children
- Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Editor in Chief
- Pediatric Infectious Disease
- Chairperson, IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter 2016
- President, Indian Academy of Pediatrics 2014
- Vikram Bhaskar
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Pediatrics
- University College of
- Medical Sciences and
- Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital
- New Delhi, India
- Vipin M Vashishtha
- Director and Consultant Pediatrician
- Mangla Hospital and Research Center
- Bijnor, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Yagnesh Popat
- Director
- Om Baby Care Hospital
- Rajkot, Gujarat, India
- YK Amdekar
- Medical Director
- BJ Wadia Hospital
- for Children
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
There are many textbooks on pediatric infectious diseases in western medical publications. The IAP Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases has been an India-centric publication. It also covers the tropical infections widely. I am delighted to know that the revised and modified third edition of this popular textbook is being published which is a great initiative of the academically dynamic IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter. The editorial board comprising of Dr Jaydeep Choudhury, Dr Digant D Shastri, Dr Ritabrata Kundu, Dr Vijay Yewale, Dr Dhanya Dharmapalan, Dr Abhay K Shah, Dr Bhaskar Shenoy and Dr Kheya Ghosh Uttam has done a commendable job in editing and updating this book, which covers all important aspects of pediatric infections.
I am sure that with the expertise of over 100 contributors, this multifaceted book will prove to be a treasure house of knowledge for both students and practicing pediatricians.
I wish all the success for this venture.
Piyush Gupta
President, 2021
Indian Academy of Pediatrics
Foreword
I am happy to note that IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter is coming out with the the 3rd edition of IAP Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (TBPID). Bringing out successive editions like these indicates the popularity and widespread acceptance of this book as an authoritative reference material for practicing pediatricians. This book as I have learnt includes a lot of updates and revisions to incorporate the latest advances in dealing with infectious diseases. I congratulate the Editorial Board comprising the Editors Jaydeep Choudhury, Digant D Shastri, Ritabrata Kundu, Vijay Yewale, Chief Academic Editor Dhanya Dharmapalan, Executive Editor Abhay K Shah, Academic Editors Bhaskar Shenoy and Kheya Ghosh Uttam on their well-directed effort in bringing out a high quality publication.
Infectious diseases are the bane of healthcare. Fortunately, during the last century, medical science has made great strides in understanding various infectious diseases and developed effective methods to contain them. Typically, children are the most vulnerable; however, the availability of a wide variety of vaccines has enabled us to immunize the population from a young age. With the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, the global spotlight has once again fallen on infectious diseases and there is renewed public interest in this subject. Hopefully this will result in increased policy thrust on infectious diseases, give boost to research and the formulation of containment methodologies. In recent years, an anti-vaccine lobby has emerged in the developed countries. This movement threatens to undo the great achievements we have made during the last century. With the free flow of information at the global level, it will not be long before we too in India will have to face the brunt of anti-vaccine movement.
As knowledgeable professionals, we should prepare ourselves to face this challenge with sound scientific moorings and reliable data to convince the public regarding the advantages of vaccination. This apart, outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has once again highlighted the uncertainty of life. Anything can happen at any time and there is no room for complacency for a medical professional. Up-to-date knowledge and readiness for service are of the two most important qualities that we need to possess at all times. Books like IAP Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, take us forward in this path and enable us remain at the forefront of pediatric care and render our duties in the best possible way.
I once again congratulate all the infectious disease (ID) experts who are involved in bringing out this valuable book and hope the readers will find it to be highly contemporary, relevant and useful.
Remesh Kumar R
President, 2022
Indian Academy of Pediatrics
Foreword
While some generations escape witnessing a global health crisis, those of us who lived through COVID-19 can never forget how the veil was lifted on the sorry state of the global health infrastructure. Trying to find the bright side of these bleak times though, one realizes that rarely in the history of modern medicine have infectious diseases completely captured the world's imagination. The discipline of infectious diseases has rarely faced so much promise, and yet such peril. The first two decades of the 21st century were encouraging, as scientists could develop rapid molecular diagnostics, which are finally making huge inroads in the clinical microbiology laboratories. Promising and innovative vaccine strategies showed hopes in dealing with many recalcitrant bacterial, fungal and parasitic pathogens. Such advances are essential if we are to make accurate diagnoses within hours and provide optimal care for our patients in this era of precision medicine.
However, our collective vulnerability to SARS CoV-2 showed the world the devastating effects of an ever-changing viral infection. This outbreak of COVID-19 has reminded us of the continued importance of understanding, preventing and treating infectious diseases.
It is against this background that I am happy to note that the IAP Infectious Diseases chapter is publishing the 3rd edition of its immensely popular IAP Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. The editors Dr Jaydeep Choudhury, Dr Digant D Shastri, Dr Ritabrata Kundu and Dr Vijay Yewale are experts in the field of infectious diseases and are aware not only about the extraordinary developments in the science and practice of infection, but also in the evolving needs of our pediatricians. This book provides specific information on known as well as unfamiliar subjects and will also be a source for updated information on vaccines and the science of immunization. I am sure the healthcare providers for children, students and teachers will find it extremely useful in dealing with pediatric infections.
Upendra Kinjawadekar
President Elect 2022
Indian Academy of Pediatrics
Prologue
IAP Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases was first published during the Golden Jubilee Pedicon in Kolkata on 17 January 2013 in presence of Honorable Late Dr APJ Abdul Kalam. Since then, this textbook has occupied a special place in pediatric academia. It has maintained the rich academic legacy of the IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter and has been very popular among teachers, students and practicing pediatricians. The second edition was published in 2019. Medical science is an ever-evolving dynamic subject. With various emerging infections, newer diagnostic tests and revised management protocols, the need for revision and updating of the book was felt.
The executive board of IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter in 2020 decided to initiate the revision of the textbook and entrusted the present editorial board with this major responsibility. The task was initiated in 2020 but COVID pandemic and subsequent lockdown proved to be a major hurdle. The publication of this third edition was thus delayed.
The IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter has lost Dr A Parthasarathy in 2021. He was the founder editor of this textbook and a major driving force behind innumerable publications. But the baton must move on and we pledge to carry forward the rich academic legacy of IAP and Infectious Diseases Chapter. He must be very happy to note that the textbook born in 2013 is stepping in to adolescence in 2022 in its third edition. We also lost Dr Ashok Kapse, a great academician, infectious diseases specialist and past Chairperson 2004-05 of IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter.
It is a matter of great honor and pleasure for us to witness the release of the third edition of IAP Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, a publication of the IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter. We are sure this book will be very useful for the readers in their diagnosis and management of pediatric infectious diseases and also for prevention by vaccination. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all the contributors of this textbook and appreciate the effort of the editorial board.
Jaydeep Choudhury Chairperson 2020 IAP ID Chapter | Yagnesh Popat Chairperson 2021 IAP ID Chapter | S Balasubramanian Chairperson 2022 IAP ID Chapter | Vasant Khalatkar Chairperson 2023 IAP ID Chapter |
IAP Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases was conceived with the objective of publishing a comprehensive book on pediatric infections, which caters to the need of the subcontinent. Children in developing countries experience higher rates of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. These are often more frequent and more severe than the developed countries. Prevalence of vector-borne and parasitic diseases is also more in developing countries. Rapid urbanization has resulted in emergence of diseases like dengue, chikungunya, zica virus, leptospirosis and rickettsial infections. Changes in clinical manifestations and severity of established diseases have been noted in various forms. The emergence of resistance to multiple antibiotics by many bacterial microorganisms has contributed to increased morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 outbreak and pandemic has been the eye opener for infectious diseases experts from all across the world. The disease is universal but the developing world has its own challenges to face.
The first edition of this textbook was published in 2013 and the second edition in 2019. Medicine as a whole and infectious disease in particular is a dynamic and ever changing subject. New information continues to flow rapidly. Thus, the need for revision is a continuous process.
The third edition comes out with extensive revision of the text with up-to-date information on all the topics. New chapters on various aspects of fever, lymphadenopathy, bronchiolitis, complications of pneumonia, brain abscess, rheumatic fever, infective endocarditis, Staphylococcus, aspergillosis, transmission of viral infections, adenovirus, coronavirus, nipah and zica viruses and Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) has been incorporated in this edition. Various vaccines, vaccinology and latest recommendations including COVID vaccines have been covered comprehensibly. Our overall understanding of infectious diseases has advanced rapidly over the past few decades with invention of new diagnostic tests, identification of new pathogens and diseases and also better management strategies. As the world is moving towards precision medicine, our effort was to make every chapter in this book worthy with current information and recommendations.
The IAP Infectious Diseases Chapter has always strived to maintain high academic standard. IAP Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases is a dream project of the Infectious Diseases Chapter. The idea behind this book was to enrich the knowledge of a practicing pediatrician and guide the undergraduate and postgraduate students. The 88 chapters contributed by more than 100 expert academicians in pediatric infections have covered all the important, emerging and newer aspects of the subject. We hope that this new revised edition will cater to the academic need for all.
Jaydeep Choudhury
Digant D Shastri
Ritabrata Kundu
Vijay Yewale
Acknowledgments
The Editorial Board is grateful to the Chairperson and the members of the Executive Board of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Chapter 2020 for the initiation of the project of bringing out the third edition of IAP Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases for the medical students and practitioners. The project got impetus from the 2021 and 2022 Executive Boards.
This endeavor could not have been brought to fruition without the help and contribution from the various authors and section editors who have contributed to this third edition.
The guidance and cooperation provided by Dr Bakul J Parekh, President 2020, Professor Piyush Gupta, President 2021; Dr Remesh Kumar, President 2022; Dr GV Basavaraja, Honorary Secretary-General 2020−21 of Indian Academy of Pediatrics are gratefully acknowledged.
Of course this third edition of IAP Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases would not have been possible without M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, our sincere and grateful thanks go to them, especially Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Managing Director), Ms Chetna Malhotra (Senior Director—Professional Publishing, Marketing and Business Development), Dr Rajul Jain (Senior Development Editor), Sarvesh Singh (Proofreader), Sunil Rawat (Typesetter) and Gopal Kirola (Graphic Designer) and other members of Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, for their untiring coordination efforts in the production of the book. Special thanks to Dr Rajul Jain for all the coordination throughout the production process.
All attempts have been made to acknowledge the sources of information and illustrations. Inadvertent omission, if any, is regretted.
Editorial Board