Textbook of ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
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Medical knowledge and practice change constantly. This book is designed to provide accurate, authoritative information about the subject matter in question. However, readers are advised to check the most current information available on procedures included and check information from the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose, formula, method and duration of administration, adverse effects and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to take all appropriate safety precaution. Neither the publisher nor the author(s)/editor(s) assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to use of material in this book.
The book is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in providing professional medical services. If such advice or services are required, the services of a competent medical professional should be sought.
Every effort has been made, where necessary, to contact holders of copyright to obtain permission to reproduce copyright material. If any has been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
Textbook of ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
Second Edition
Editors-in-Chief
V Amuthan MD DM FACC FEACVI FASE FESC FCSI FIAE
Hon Professor, IMA National Headquarters Emeritus Professor The Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai Former Professor and Head, Department of Cardiology Madurai Medical College, Madurai Advisor, Journal of Indian Medical Association Convener, IMA National HQ Standing Committee on Antimicrobial Resistance Senior Vice President, South Zone IMA TNSB Director of 4D Echocardiography, Jeyalakshmi Heart Center, Madurai Senior Interventional Cardiologist, Vadamalayan Hospital, Madurai Governor of Tamil Nadu Life Time Achievement Awardee Past President, Indian Academy of Echocardiography
Satish K Parashar MD FACC FCSI FIAE
Senior Consultant Cardiologist and Chief Noninvasive Cardiac Laboratory at Metro Group of Hospitals and Heart Institute, New Delhi, India Distinguished Service Award by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India Life Time Achievement Award by Indian Academy of Echocardiography Life Time Achievement Award by World Federation of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology Bestowed by his Excellency, The Former President of India Life Time Achievement Award by Cardiological Society of India (Delhi Branch) Past President, Cardiological Society of India and Indian Academy of Echocardiography
Foreword
Navin C Nanda MD DSc (Hon) DSc (Med) (Hon) FACC FAHA FISCU (D)
Distinguished Professor of Medicine and Cardiovascular Disease Director, Heart Station/Echocardiography Laboratories University of Alabama at Birmingham and the University of Alabama Health Services Foundation The Kirklin Clinic Birmingham, Alabama, USA President International Society of Cardiovascular Ultrasound Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Medical knowledge and practice change constantly. This book is designed to provide accurate, authoritative information about the subject matter in question. However, readers are advised to check the most current information available on procedures included and check information from the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose, formula, method and duration of administration, adverse effects and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to take all appropriate safety precautions. Neither the publisher nor the author(s)/editor(s) assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to use of material in this book.
This book is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in providing professional medical services. If such advice or services are required, the services of a competent medical professional should be sought.
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Textbook of Echocardiography / V Amuthan, Satish K Parashar
First Edition: 2018
Second Edition: 2022
9789354651533
Printed at:
All students, Physicians and Cardiologists practicing
Echocardiography in the world
Editors-in-Chief
V Amuthan MD DM FACC FEACVI FASE FESC FCSI FIAE Hon Professor, IMA National Headquarters Emeritus Professor The Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai Former Professor and Head, Department of Cardiology Madurai Medical College, Madurai Advisor, Journal of Indian Medical Association Convener, IMA National HQ Standing Committee on Antimicrobial Resistance Senior Vice President, South Zone IMA TNSB Director of 4D Echocardiography, Jeyalakshmi Heart Center, Madurai Senior Interventional Cardiologist, Vadamalayan Hospital, Madurai Governor of Tamil Nadu Life Time Achievement Awardee Past President, Indian Academy of Echocardiography | Satish K Parashar MD FACC FCSI FIAE Senior Consultant Cardiologist and Chief Noninvasive Cardiac Laboratory at Metro Group of Hospitals and Heart Institute, New Delhi, India Distinguished Service Award by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India Life Time Achievement Award by Indian Academy of Echocardiography Life Time Achievement Award by World Federation of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology Bestowed by his Excellency, The Former President of India Life Time Achievement Award by Cardiological Society of India (Delhi Branch) Past President, Cardiological Society of India and Indian Academy of Echocardiography |
Editors
Padmashree G Vijayaraghavan MD DM (Card) FRCP (Edin) FRCP (Lon) FACC FAHA Cardiologist and Director Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India | R Alagesan MD DM Professor and Head (Retired) Department of Cardiology Madras Medical College Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India | HK Chopra MD FACC FAHA FISCU FASE FESC FCSI FIAE FIMSA FGSI Chief Cardiologist, Moolchand Medcity New Delhi, India President, IAE, Chairman, National CSI Affairs President, WWF, CSI 2015 AHA: Country Head Hon Editor, Cardio Diabetes Update AF Update, STEMI Update CSI Cardiology Update 2014 Formerly Editor, JIAE and IHJ |
Rakesh Gupta MD FASE FISCU FACC (USA) FCSI FIAE FICP FIMSA FIACTA (India) Director and Chief Cardiologist Echo and Color Doppler Center JROP Institute of Echocardiography UItrasound and Vascular Doppler New Delhi, India | Rajan Joseph Manjuran MD DM PGDHRM FIAE FCSI FACC Senior Consultant Pushpagiri Heart Institute Thiruvalla, Kerala, India | Nitin J Burkule MD DM DNB FACC FASE Senior Consultant Cardiologist Jupiter Hospital Thane, Maharashtra, India |
Ravi R Kasliwal MD DM Chairman Clinical and Preventive Cardiology Medanta—The Medicity Gurugram, Haryana, India | S Shanmugasundaram MD DM Consultant Cardiologist Billroth Hospitals Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India | Sameer Shrivastava MD DM Senior Consultant Cardiologist Director, Noninvasive Cardiology Fortis Escorts Heart Institute New Delhi, India |
A George Koshy MD DM FACC FESC FSCAI FIAE FRCP (G) FRCP (L) Professor of Cardiology Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India | Satish C Govind DNB PHD FASE Chief of Noninvasive Cardiology Fortis Hospitals Bengaluru, Karnataka, India | Srikanth Sola MD FACC Additional Senior Consultant Department of Cardiology Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences Bengaluru, Karnataka, India |
Manish Bansal DNB (Cardiology) FACC FASE FISCU Senior Consultant Cardiology Medanta—The Medicity Gurugram, Haryana, India | S Ramakrishnan MD DM FACC Professor Department of Cardiology All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India | KM Krishnamoorthy MD DM DNB FACC Additional Professor of Cardiology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India |
BRJ Kannan MD DM DCH DNB Senior Consultant Pediatric and Interventional Cardiologist Vadamalayan Hospitals Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India | S Balasubramanian MD DM Professor and Head Department of Cardiology Madurai Medical College Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India | SR Veeramani MD DM Professor of Cardiology Madurai Medical College Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India |
K Raghu MD DM Senior Consultant Cardiologist and Director Noninvasive Labs Department of Cardiology Care Hospitals, Banjara Hills Hyderabad, Telangana, India Current President elect of the Indian Academy of Echocardiography | P Krishnam Raju MD DM FRCP (ED) Cardiologist CARE Super Specialty OPD Center Banjara Hills Hyderabad, Telangana, India | Rahul Mehrotra MD (Medicine) DNB (Cardiology) Director and Head Noninvasive Cardiology Max Super Speciality Hospital Saket, New Delhi, India |
- A George Koshy MD DM FACC FESC FSCAI FIAE FRCP (G) FRCP (L)
- Consultant Cardiologist
- Cosmopolitan Hospitals Thiruvananthapuram
- Former Professor and Head of Cardiology
- Government Medical College Thiruvananthapuram,
- Kerala, India
- Ajit Thachil MD DM PDF(EP) CCDS
- Consultant
- Cardiac Electrophysiologist
- Lisie Hospital
- Kochi, Kerala, India
- Anezi Uzendu MD
- Fellow in Cardiology
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Anirudddha De MD DNB
- Consultant Cardiologist and Director
- Department of Noninvasive Cardiology
- Apollo Hospital
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Ankush Sachdeva MD
- Consultant Cardiologist
- Fortis Escorts Heart Institute
- Okhla, New Delhi, India
- Anunay Gupta MD DM
- Associate Professor
- Department of Cardiology
- VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital
- New Delhi, India
- Anurag Bahekar MD DM
- Consultant Cardiologist
- Bahekar Super Speciality Hospital
- Gondia, Maharashtra, India
- Ashwin Venkateshvaran
- PhD RDCS FASE FESC
- Senior Scientist and Imaging Specialist
- Department of Cardiovascular Research
- Karolinska University Hospital
- Stockholm, Sweden
- BRJ Kannan MD DM (Card) DNB (Card)
- Senior Consultant
- Pediatric and Interventional Cardiologist
- Vadamalayan Hospitals
- Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
- B Vinodkumar MD
- Physician
- Billroth Hospitals
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- CK Ponde MD (Gen Med) DM (Card) DNB (Card) FACC FSCAI FCSI FISE FICC FIAE
- Consultant Cardiologist and Head
- Department of Cardiology
- PD Hinduja Hospital
- Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
- Chandramukhi Sunehra MD DNB
- Consultant Cardiologist
- Care Hospital
- Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Chinmay Parale MD
- Senior Resident Cardiology (DM)
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER)
- Puducherry, India
- Daljeet Kaur Saggu MD DM
- Consultant Cardiologist and Electrophysiologist
- AIG Hospital
- Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Deepa S Kumar MD DM
- Associate Professor
- Department of Cardiology
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- G Rajesh MD DNB DM FACC FSCAI
- Additional Professor
- Department of Cardiology
- Government Medical College
- Kozhikode, Kerala, India
- Gurpreet Singh Mahal MD (Medicine), Fellowship in Noninvasive Cardiology
- Consultant Physician
- V Care Health Clinic
- Dayanand Medical College and
- Hospital Unit
- Hero DMC Heart Institute
- Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- Gurpreet S Wander MD DM FACC FAMS
- Professor and Head
- Department of Cardiology
- Hero DMC Heart Institute
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital
- Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- Gurunath Parale MD DM FACC FCSI FICP
- Chief Cardiologist and Medical Director
- Ashwini Cooperative Hospital, Solapur
- Professor of Medicine
- Ashwini Rural Medical College
- Solapur, Maharashtra, India
- HK Chopra MD FACC FAHA FISCU FASE FESC FCSI FIAE FIMSA FGSI
- Senior Consultant Cardiologist
- Medanta Moolchand Heart Institute
- New Delhi, India
- Chairman, CME, Moolchand Medcity
- Chairman, World Wellness
- Foundation and WHA
- Country Head, AHA
- Former National President, CSI and IAE
- Former Editor-in-Chief, IHJ and JIAE
- Chief Editor of top 10 Textbooks of Cardiology
- New Delhi, India
- Hardeep Kaur Grewal MBBS MRCP (UK) FNIC FIAE
- Consultant Clinical and Preventive Cardiology
- Medanta—The Medicity
- Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Harsah Basappa MD DNB (Cardiology)
- Associate Professor and Interventional Cardiologist
- Sri Jayadeva Institute of Cardiology
- Mysuru, Karnataka, India
- IB Vijayalakshmi MD DM (Cardiology) DSc FICC FIAMS FIAE FICP FCSI FAMS FISH FRCP (London)
- Professor Emeritus
- Professor of Pediatric Cardiology
- Super Speciality Hospital (Pradhana Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana-PMSSY)
- Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- I Balaji MD
- Postgraduate in Cardiology
- Madurai Medical College
- Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Jagdish C Mohan MD DM FASE
- Chairman
- Department of Cardiology
- Institute of Heart and Vascular Diseases
- Jaipur Golden Hospital
- Rohini, New Delhi, India
- Jesu Krupa MD DM (Cardiology) FIAE NBE Certified (Adult Comprehensive Echocardiography)
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Cardiology
- Christian Medical College
- Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Karthik Seetharam MD
- Research Fellow
- West Virginia University Medicine Heart and Vascular Institute
- Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- KM Krishnamoorthy MD DM DNB FACC
- Professor and Head
- Department of Cardiology
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology
- Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Kothandam Sivakumar MD DCH DNB (Pediatrics) DM DNB (Cardiology)
- Senior Consultant and Head
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- The Madras Medical Mission
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- K Rajeswari Dip in Echocardiography MBA
- Chief Echotechnologist
- Billroth Hospitals
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- K Thangamuthu MS (Gen Surgery)
- Chairman, IMA PPLSS TNSB
- Chairman, PPLSS Legal Committe
- KGM Hospital, Coimbatore Road
- Pollachi, Tamil Nadu, India
- Late Padmashree KK Aggarwal MD
- Senior Consultant Physician and Cardiologist and Dean
- Board of Medical Education
- Moolchand Medcity, New Delhi, India
- Editor-in-Chief
- eMedinews and IMA News
- President, Indian Medical Association
- BC Roy Awardee
- Madhu Mary Minz MD
- Senior Consultant Cardiologist
- Medanta—The Medicity
- Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Madhu Shukla MBBS Dip Card (London) PhD
- Noninvasive Cardiologist
- Department of Cardiology
- Institute of Heart and Vascular Diseases
- Jaipur Golden Hospital
- Rohini, New Delhi, India
- Mahmoud Elsayed MD
- Research Fellow in Echocardiography
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Manish Bansal
- MD DNB (Cardiology) FACC FASE FISCU
- Director
- Clinical and Preventive Cardiology
- Medanta—The Medicity
- Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Mansi Kaushik MBBS PGDCC
- Consultant Cardiologist
- Medanta—The Medicity
- Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Mathew Iype MD DM DNB
- Professor of Cardiology
- Government Medical College
- Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Meera R MD DNB (Cardiology) PDF (EP)
- Consultant Cardiologist and Electro Physiologist
- Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences
- Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Naman Shastri MD FASE FTEE
- Hon Faculty
- UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Civil Hospital
- Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Nandita Chakrabarti MBBS FCC FIE PGDM
- Associate Director
- Department of Noninvasive Cardiology
- Medica Superspecialty Hospital
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Navin C Nanda MD DSc (Hon) DSc (Med) (Hon) FACC FAHA FISCU (D)
- Distinguished Professor of Medicine and Cardiovascular Disease
- Director, Heart Station/Echocardiography Laboratories
- University of Alabama at Birmingham and the University of Alabama Health Services Foundation
- The Kirklin Clinic Birmingham
- Alabama, USA President
- International Society of Cardiovascular Ultrasound
- Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Nitin J Burkule MD DM DNB FACC FASE
- Senior Consultant Cardiologist
- Jupiter Hospital
- Thane, Maharashtra, India
- Padmashree G Vijayaraghavan MD DM (Card) FRCP (Edin) FRCP (Lon) FACC FAHA
- Cardiologist and Director
- Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences
- Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Partho P Sengupta MD DM
- Consultant, Heart Sciences and Ultromics
- West Virginia University Medicine Heart and Vascular Institute
- Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- P Krishnam Raju MD DM FRCP (ED)
- Cardiologist
- CARE Super Specialty OPD Centre
- Banjara Hills
- Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Rajan Joseph Manjuran MD DM PGDHRM FIAE FCSI FICC FACC
- Emeritus Professor of Cardiology
- Pushpagiri Medical College
- Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
- R Ramesh MD DM
- Assistant Professor
- Department of Cardiology
- Government Rajai Hospital
- Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
- RVA Ananth MBBS PGDCC (MD Gen Medicine)
- Consultant Cardiologist
- Jeyalakshmi Heart Centre
- Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Rahul Mehrotra MD (Medicine) DNB (Cardiology)
- Director and Head
- Noninvasive Cardiology
- Max Super Speciality Hospital
- Saket, New Delhi, India
- Rakesh Gupta MD FASE FISCU FACC (USA) FCSI FIAE FICP FIMSA FIACTA (India)
- Director and Chief Cardiologist
- Echo and Color Doppler Center
- JROP Institute of Echocardiography
- UItrasound and Vascular Doppler
- New Delhi, India
- R Alagesan MD DM
- Professor and Head (Retired)
- Department of Cardiology
- Madras Medical College
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Ravi R Kasliwal MD DM FASE FIMSA
- Chairman
- Clinical and Preventive Cardiology
- Medanta—The Medicity
- Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Rohit Tandon MD (Medicine)
- Senior Consultant Physician
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital
- Unit Hero DMC Heart Institute
- Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- Sajan Ahmad Z MD DM DNB
- Senior Consultant in Cardiology
- Parumala International Cardiovascular Centre, St Gregorios Hospital
- Parumala, Kerala, India
- Saji Philip MBBS DCh PhD FAHA FAAP F Ped Card (IAP)
- Pediatric and Fetal Cardiologist
- St Gregorios Cardiovascular Centre Parumala
- Founder President of Kawasaki Disease Foundation of India (KDFI) and
- Indian Society of Kawasaki Disease (ISKD)
- Executive Board Member of Indian Academy of Echocardiography
- Tiruvalla Medical Mission
- Thiruvalla, Kerala, India
- Sakalesh Patil MD
- Registrar
- Department of Cardiology
- Kerala Institute of Medical Sciences
- Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
- Sakshi Sachdeva MD DNB FNB DM
- Assistant Professor
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology
- Department of Pediatrics
- ABVIMS and PGIMER, Dr RML Hospital
- New Delhi, India
- Sameer Shrivastava MD DM
- Executive Director and Head
- Department of Noninvasive Cardiology
- Fortis Escorts Heart Institute
- Okhla, New Delhi, India
- Sangeeta Porwal FIAE
- Senior Echocardiographer
- Ruby Hall Hospitals
- Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Satish C Govind DNB PHD FASE
- Chief of Noninvasive Cardiology
- Narayana Institute of Cardiac Sciences
- NH Health City
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Satish K Parashar MD FACC FCSI FIAE
- Senior Consultant Cardiologist and Chief
- Noninvasive Cardiac Laboratory at Metro Group of Hospitals and Heart Institute
- New Delhi, India
- Distinguished Service Award by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
- Government of India
- Life Time Achievement Award by Indian Academy of Echocardiography
- Life Time Achievement Award by World Federation of Clinical and Preventive Cardiology Bestowed by his Excellency
- The Former President of India
- Life Time Achievement Award by Cardiological Society of India
- (Delhi Branch)
- Past President, Cardiological Society of India and Indian Academy of Echocardiography
- S Balasubramanian MD DM
- Professor and Head
- Department of Cardiology
- Madurai Medical College
- Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Shantanu P Sengupta
- MD DNB FACC FASE FCCP
- Heart Failure Specialist
- Sengupta Hospital and Research Institute
- Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
- Shibba Takkar MD (Medicine) DM (Cardiology)
- Associate Professor
- Department of Cardiology
- Dayanand Medical College and Hospital Unit Hero DMC Heart Institute
- Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- General Secretary, WINCARS
- Shivam Dutt MD (Medicine)
- Attending Physician
- Dayanand Medical College and
- Hospital Unit
- Hero DMC Heart Institute
- Ludhiana, Punjab, India
- Soumitra Kumar MD DM FCSI FACC FESC FSCAI FIAE FICC FICP
- Professor and Head
- Department of Cardiology
- Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences
- Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- S Ramakrishnan MD DM FACC
- Professor
- Department of Cardiology
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi, India
- Srikanth Sola MD FACC
- Adjunct Senior Cardiologist
- Department of Cardiology
- Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences
- Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- SR Veeramani MD DM FCSI FESC
- Professor and Head
- Department of Cardiology
- Madurai Medical College
- Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
- S Shanmugasundaram MD DM
- Consultant Cardiologist
- Billroth Hospitals
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Subash Dulal MBBS
- Research Fellow in Echocardiography
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- U Ilayaraja MD DM
- Cardiologist
- Department of Cardiology
- Billroth Hospitals
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- UP Singh MD (Med) DM (Card) RDMS RDCS
- Consultant Cardiologist
- Prime Diagnostic Centre and Heart Institute
- Chandigarh, India
- V Amuthan MD DM FACC FEACVI FASE FESC FCSI FIAE
- Hon Professor, IMA National Headquarters
- Emeritus Professor, The Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University, Chennai
- Former Professor and Head
- Department of Cardiology
- Madurai Medical College, Madurai
- Advisor, Journal of Indian Medical Association
- Convener, IMA National HQ Standing Committee on Antimicrobial Resistance
- Senior Vice President, South Zone IMA TNSB
- Director of 4D Echocardiography
- Jeyalakshmi Heart Center, Madurai
- Senior Interventional Cardiologist
- Vadamalayan Hospital, Madurai
- Governor of Tamil Nadu Life Time Achievement Awardee
- Past President, Indian Academy of Echocardiography
- V Thangamalar MD DM
- Senior Resident
- Department of Cardiology
- Government Rajaji Hospital
- Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Vijayakumar Subban MD DM FNB
- Senior Consultant
- Department of Cardiology
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Madras Medical Mission
- Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Vinayak Agrawal MD DNB (Cardiology) FASE FACC FAHA
- Director and Head
- Department of Clinical and Noninvasive Cardiology
- Fortis Memorial Research Institute (FMRI)
- Gurugram, Haryana, India
- Vishwas Mohan MBBS Dip Card (UK)
- Attending Cardiologist, Max Hospital
- Patparganj, New Delhi, India
- Vivek Tandon MD (Internal Medicine)
- DM (Cardiology)
- Principal Consultant Cardiologist
- In-charge, Noninvasive Cardiac Laboratory
- Max Super Speciality Hospital
- Saket, New Delhi, India
- Zeyad M Elmarzouky MBBCh
- Research Fellow in Echocardiography
- University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Birmingham, Alabama, USA
It is a great privilege and honor for me to also write the Foreword for the second edition of the book Textbook of Echocardiography. The Indian Academy of Echocardiography as well as this book is the brain child of Dr (Col) Satish K Parashar who is most aptly considered the Father of Echocardiography in India. I have had the opportunity to preview in detail the contents of the second edition of this book which is edited by Dr V Amuthan and Dr Satish K Parashar and I found many impressive updates and changes as compared to the first edition. Most importantly, all the chapters have been brought up to date by including the most recent relevant information found in the literature. To help the authors do this, the editors had made concrete suggestions and also provided pertinent references to all of them from the newer literature. At the same time, an attempt was made not to increase the length of the book to such an extent that it becomes unwieldy and loses its objective as a succinct compendium on echocardiography. A case in point was the chapter coauthored by me on the aorta where the invaluable comments and references provided by the editors were most helpful in updating the chapter without adding significantly to the page count. This specific guidance provided to authors of all chapters is to my mind quite unique and is a testament to the hard work done by both editors of this book.
All the 49 chapters from the previous edition have undergone required revisions providing readers with the latest information. A total of seven new chapters have been added to the book to cover the most recent advances in the field of cardiovascular ultrasound which has further mushroomed in the past few years. These are chapters written on artificial intelligence in echocardiography by Dr Karthik Seetharam and Partho Sengupta, echocardiography in hypertension by Dr Rohit Tandon, his group, and Dr Satish K Parashar, echocardiography in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia by Dr Jesu Krupa, echocardiography in Kawasaki disease by Dr Saji Philips, echocardiography in cardio-oncology by Dr Meera R and Dr Hardeep Kaur Grewal, echocardiography in diabetes mellitus by Dr V Amuthan and colleagues and fetal echocardiography by Dr UP Singh. All of them are important additions to the book and are written in a clear and concise manner by luminaries in their respective fields.
The book is being published by M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, who has a very good reputation of publishing high quality books with excellent reproduction of echocardiographic images and movie clips essential for any textbook of echocardiography.
There is no question in my mind that the second edition of this book would be even more popular than the first edition which enjoyed immense popularity all over India and the surrounding countries. This book is a must on the shelves of not only all echocardiographers and cardiac sonographers but also physicians in related fields such as anesthesia, critical care, cardiac surgery, and radiology to name just a few. In addition, it would be useful to general physicians, internists, trainees in cardiology, medical students, and other paramedical personnel. My kudos to both Editors for bringing out the updated second edition of this most useful and popular textbook in the field of echocardiography.
Navin C Nanda
MD DSc (Hon) DSc (Med) (Hon) FACC FAHA FISCU (D)
Distinguished Professor of Medicine and Cardiovascular Disease
Director, Heart Station/Echocardiography Laboratories
University of Alabama at Birmingham and the University of
Alabama Health Services Foundation
The Kirklin Clinic Birmingham, Alabama, USA President
International Society of Cardiovascular Ultrasound
Birmingham, Alabama, USA
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
Echocardiography has emerged as one of the leading noninvasive diagnostic techniques in cardiology. The wealth of information it provides is unmatched. No other technique, invasive or noninvasive, has progressed to such an extent as echocardiography. The newer developments and progress, it has made is probably not matched by any other technology. The portability and miniaturization of echo equipment has tremendously increased its diagnostic and prognostic values. Its lifesaving role in critical care unit is well known. It is being extensively used in various cardiac interventions. The intraoperative utility of echo has been a boon for the surgeons.
Echocardiography, during 1980s and early 1990s, was in a developing phase in India, and only few people were actively involved in this field, though many were showing interest in this specialty. That was the period when various young cardiologists and physicians were realizing the potential of echo and wanted training in this specialty. However, there was no forum, where this facility could be provided. Realizing the above facts and to promote echocardiography in India on a scientific basis, the Indian Academy of Echocardiography (IAE) was formed in 1994. The main aims of IAE were to encourage training, teaching, and promote research activities in echo. The IAE, mainly by virtue of its academic activities, is currently the largest imaging society of India, and has gained national and international recognition.
As a highlight of the academic activities, it was decided in the Executive Committee of 2015 that a Textbook of Echocardiography should be written for our members, by our own faculty in both print and digital formats. This great responsibility was bestowed on us, and this became our dream project. It was unanimously decided that the book should be serving to the needs of the novice students of echocardiography, practicing physicians, clinical, and interventional cardiologists as well. It was decided to have the digital format mainly to avoid the difficulty of carrying a heavy voluminous book, and also for readily available authenticated reviews of all the practical aspects of echocardiographic practice in India. This was followed by voluminous task of collecting the scientific manuscripts from the doyens of echocardiography in India and the first edition was brought out in 2017. This tremendous responsibility was taken over by M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India.
With the newer developments in this field and need for adding some practically oriented chapters, it was felt to bring out a second edition of this book. As such this state-of-the-art book has 56 chapters. All the new seven chapters added were of clinical and echo significance such as hypertension, diabetes, fetal echocardiography, artificial intelligence, cardio-oncology, full updates on ARVD and Kawasaki disease. All other chapters, from the first edition, have been upgraded. The IAE guidelines on transesophageal echocardiography have been extremely well described. All efforts have been made to maintain the quality and standard of the book. We are confident that this will be a nice reference book for postgraduates, cardiologists, physicians, anesthetists, pediatricians, etc. The book emphasizes on basics of 2D and 3D echocardiography. Great emphasis has been placed on the role of echocardiography during cardiac interventions. There are dedicated chapters on echocardiography for transcutaneous aortic valve replacement, mitral valve interventions, and structural heart disease interventions in both cardiac catheterization laboratory and surgical operation theater. The book further explores the value of echocardiography for electrophysiology: Echo in patients with pacemakers and cardiac resynchronization therapy.
The enormous contribution by a galaxy of eminent authors of international repute and experts in the field of echocardiography is highly commendable, and they deserve our heartfelt thanks. It is our great effort and burning midnight oil which has resulted in the publication of Textbook of Echocardiography by the Indian Academy of Echocardiography. We hope that this book lives up to the expectation of everyone.
Long Live Indian Academy of Echocardiography!
V Amuthan | Satish K Parashar |
Echocardiography has emerged as one of the leading noninvasive diagnostic techniques in cardiology. The wealth of information it provides is unmatched. No other technique, invasive or noninvasive, has progressed to such an extent as echocardiography. The newer developments and progress it has made is probably not matched by any other technology. The portability of echo equipment has tremendously increased its diagnostic and prognostic values. Its life-saving role in critical care unit is well known. It is being extensively used in various cardiac interventions. The intraoperative utility of echo has been a boon for the surgeons.
Echocardiography, during 1980s and early 1990s, was in a developing phase in India, and only few people were actively involved in this field, though many were showing interest in this specialty. That was the period when various young cardiologists and physicians were realizing the potential of echo and wanted training in this specialty. However, there was no forum, where this facility could be provided. Realizing the above facts and to promote echocardiography in India on a scientific basis, the Indian Academy of Echocardiography (IAE) was formed in 1994. The main aims of IAE were to encourage training, teaching and promote research activities in echo. The IAE, mainly by virtue of its academic activities, is currently the largest imaging society of India, and has gained national and international recognition. Both IAE and its numerous branches hold regular academic activities.
As a highlight of the academic activities, it was decided in the Executive Committee of 2015 that a Textbook of Echocardiography should be written for our members by our own faculty in both print and digital formats. This great responsibility was bestowed on Dr (Col) Satish K Parashar and myself, and this became our dream project. It was unanimously decided that the book should be serving to the needs of the novice students of echocardiography, practicing physicians, and clinical and interventional cardiologists as well. It was decided to have the digital format mainly to avoid the difficulty of carrying a heavy voluminous book, and also for readily available authenticated reviews of all the practical aspects of echocardiographic practice in India. This was followed by voluminous task of collecting the scientific manuscripts from the doyens of echocardiography in India. We shall be also updating the digital book annually to enable the manuscripts to be up-to-date, and provide latest information to the readers. This tremendous responsibility has also been taken over by M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India.
This state-of-the-art book has 49 chapters and Appendices, which cover all common aspects of echocardiography starting from basics to the current advanced techniques. All efforts have been made to maintain the quality and standard of the book. I am sure that this will be a nice reference book for postgraduates, cardiologists, physicians, anesthetists, pediatricians, etc. The book emphasizes on how to perform basic 2D and 3D echocardiography, and there are chapters fully dedicated on “How to perform two and three-dimensional echocardiography by the uninitiated.” Both transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic techniques are described. There are separate chapters on chamber quantification, assessment of systolic, diastolic function, congenital and valvular heart disease. There are dedicated chapters on coronary artery disease, stress echocardiography and myocardial contrast echocardiography, emphasizing the need for strain analysis, regional wall motion abnormalities and ejection fraction.
Great emphasis has been placed on the role of echocardiography during cardiac interventions. There are dedicated chapters on echocardiography for transcutaneous aortic valve replacement, mitral valve interventions, and structural heart disease interventions in both cardiac catheterization laboratory and surgical operation theater.
The book further explores the value of echocardiography for electrophysiology: Echo in patients with pacemakers and cardiac resynchronization therapy. Finally, we have tried to address some unique problems in India: The medicolegal issues and the Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (PCPNDT) Act. These are dealt with in great detail in the last chapter. The enormous contribution by a galaxy of eminent authors of international repute and experts in the field of echocardiography is highly commendable, and they deserve our heartfelt thanks.
It is our great effort and burning midnight oil which has resulted in the publication of Textbook of Echocardiography by the Indian Academy of Echocardiography. We hope that this book lives up to the expectation of everyone.
Long Live Indian Academy of Echocardiography!
V Amuthan MD DM FACC FASE FESC FCSI FIAE Emeritus Professor of Cardiology The Tamil Nadu Dr MGR Medical University Formerly, Professor and Head Department of Cardiology Madurai Medical College, Madurai Director, 4D Echo Lab Jeyalakshmi Heart Center, Madurai Senior Interventional Cardiologist Vadamalayan Hospital Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India Governor of Tamil Nadu—Life Time Achievement Awardee Past President, Indian Academy of Echocardiography | Satish K Parashar MD FACC FCSI FIAE Senior Consultant Cardiologist and Chief Noninvasive Cardiac Laboratory, Metro Group of Hospitals and Heart Institute, New Delhi, India Distinguished Service Award by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India Life Time Achievement Award by Indian Academy of Echocardiography Life Time Achievement Award by Cardiological Society of India (Delhi Branch) Past President, Cardiological Society of India and Indian Academy of Echocardiography |
The enormous contribution by a galaxy of eminent authors of international repute and experts in the field of echocardiography is highly commendable, and they deserve our heartfelt thanks. We express our thanks to Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Managing Director), Mr MS Mani (Group President), Dr Richa Saxena (Associate Director—Professional Publishing), Ms Pooja Bhandari (Production Head), Ms Nedup Denka Bhutia (Development Editor), Mr Abhijeet Gope (Publishing Coordinator), and all other members of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, for getting published this book so well and in time. Their repeated communications to all concerned were noteworthy. This project would not have been possible without active support of Team Sun Pharma. We owe our gratitude to Dr CK Ponde who played an active role in helping us, in his own way, to get the book published. We are extremely pleased to thank echocardiographic machine companies especially senior members of Genworks, GE and Phillips for their valuable hardware and software support in bringing out this textbook.