IAP Textbook of Vaccines Vipin M Vashishtha, Ajay Kalra
INDEX
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, and t refer to table.
A
Academic organizations, role of 822
Accredited Social Health Activists 767
Acellular pertussis 662, 706
vaccine 249, 253, 256, 261, 266, 266t, 544, 545, 713
efficacy of 259
efficacy trials 260t
low-dose 290
protection by 263t
Acetaminophen 453
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 3, 7, 56, 88, 190, 428, 617, 618, 766
Activated prothrombin test 383
Acute encephalitis syndrome 483f
Adeno-associated virus 620
Adenosine diphosphate 673
Adenoviral vectors serotype 6 595
Adenoviruses 90, 324, 538, 568, 620
Adenylate cyclase 254
toxin 253
Adjuvant 167, 659
Adjuvant vaccines, benefits of 178
Adjuvants concept 170
Adjuvants systems 177
Adjuvants under clinical investigation 180
Adolescent immunization 85, 711
goals and objectives of 711
Adolescent vaccines, mandatory 715b
Adverse drug reactions 808
Adverse events following immunization 25, 79, 105107, 110112, 114, 129, 142, 142f, 148f, 153, 153f, 356, 687, 750, 754, 776f, 779, 785, 798, 812
causality assessment 113
classification of 105
issue of 770
management of 108
prevention of 113
severe 106
Adverse events following pertussis vaccination 267
Adverse reactions following
immunization 765, 769
tetanus vaccinations 244
vaccination with diphtheria toxoids 234, 235
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices 75, 233, 270, 387, 387t, 439, 460, 495, 689, 702, 801, 830
Advisory Committee on Vaccines and Immunization Practices 85, 455, 492, 812
Aedes
aegypti 479, 515, 626, 628, 632
africanus 515
albopictus 626, 628, 632
luteocephalus 515
mosquitoes 632
simpsoni 515
vittatus 515
Aerophobia 502
Agammaglobulinemia, X-linked 701
Agglutinin antibodies 270
Air currents, sensitivity to 502
Alanine aminotransferase 216, 588
Albert staining 285
Allergic diseases 136
Allergic disorder 696
Allergy 6, 668
severe 110
Allogenic cell lines 553
Alpha-tocopherol 177
Aluminum
hydroxide 174f, 491
phosphate 545
salt 174f, 175
adjuvants 173
Alzheimer's disease 181, 557, 668
Amantadine 453
American Academy of Pediatrics 73, 78, 327, 421, 455, 689, 702, 830, 842
Amniotic fluid 633
Amoxicillin 296
Ampicillin 296
Anaphylactic reactions, history of 424
Anaphylaxis 108, 110, 490, 538
emergency management of 110b
Anemia 530
hemolytic 383
Anesthesia, local 503
Animal bite 501
management of 501
wounds, management of 502
Animal cell 364
Animal efficacy rule 537
Annual influenza vaccination 455
Anogenital cancers 442
causes of 442
Anogenital epithelia 443t
Anopheles 480
gambiae 157
Anorexia 230
Anthrax 6, 724
Anti-angiogenesis therapy 555
Anti-B-cell antibodies 693
Antibiotic resistance 295
Antibody 46
adequate titer of 47
broadly neutralizing 593, 622, 623f
concentrate 33
containing products 694
dependent cellular
cytotoxicity 48, 584, 622
phagocytosis 584, 622
dependent enhancement 522
facilitate 42
levels, protective 48t
mediated vaccine immunity, mechanisms of 47
persistence of 389
principles of 84
responses 352, 363
Anti-C antibody titers 594
Anti-cytomegalovirus immune fluorescence antibodies 610f
Antidiphtheria 47
Antigen 552
binding 32
presenting cells 32, 89, 168, 172f, 553, 667
specific vaccination 556
tumor 555
selective 554
specific 552
Antigenic drift 449
Antigenic shift 449
Antigenicity 761
Antihemagglutinin 51
Anti-hepatitis A virus
antibodies 389
immunoglobulin G 382
Antimicrobial resistance 791
Antirabies
antibody, protective level of 505
sera 503
vaccine 503f, 505
Antiretroviral therapy 688, 690
Antiseptics 503
Antitetanus
serum 287
toxin titers 47
Antitubercular treatment 110
Anti-varicella zoster virus 437f
Antiviral resistance 455
Appetite, loss of 532
Argentinian hemorrhagic fever 516
Arrhythmia 401, 563
Arthralgia 216, 360, 363
Arthritis 216, 360, 363, 468
Aspartate aminotransferase 216
Aspirational district program 21
Aspirin 427
Asplenia 74, 693, 701, 707
anatomic 476
functional 476
vaccination in 709t
Assistant Commissioner Universal Immunization Programme 112
Association of Physicians of India 754
Asthma 108, 454, 455, 457, 730
bronchial 454
prevention of 646
vaccines cause 136
Astroviruses 324, 568
Ataxia 423
Atezolizumab 555
Atherosclerosis 551, 557
Auto-destruct syringes 135
Auto-disable syringes 19
Autoimmune
diseases 6, 136, 551
disorders 555
Autologous tolerogenic dendritic cells 556
Autonomic dysfunction 502
Auxiliary nurse midwives 27, 111, 754
Avelumab 555
Avian H5N1 influenza 451
Avian influenza
infection 453
virus 449, 452
Ayushman Bharat Program 29
Azathioprine 336
Azithromycin 286
B
Baboon studies 264
Bacillus anthracis 677, 725
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin 5, 13, 15, 19, 34, 45, 46, 48, 59, 71, 74, 80, 82, 85, 86, 103, 118, 119, 119f, 123, 187, 204, 543, 620, 689, 697, 701, 702, 705, 708, 747, 767, 784787, 789, 790, 838, 840
first dose of 189
primary infection, protective effect of 190
revaccination
protection by 190
strategies 190
vaccination strategies around world 191
vaccine 50, 103, 118, 187, 188, 190, 191, 738
Bacteremia, primary 400
Bacteria, enteric 467
Bacterial meningitis, probable 298t
Bacterial polysaccharide
antigens 667
immune globulin 298
Bacterial vectors 620
Bacteriology 6, 569, 571, 574, 575
Basic reproductive rate 56
Bat rabies 506
Bell's palsy 445
Beta cell 31, 32, 35, 38, 582
peptides 557
response, memory 48
Bifunctional fusion protein 670
B-immune responses 258
Bioadhesive delivery system 674
Bite
provoked or 506
unprovoked or 506
Biting animal
observation of 506
vaccination status of 506
Bivalent oral
polio vaccine 17, 705, 825
vaccine, killed 741
Bleeding disorders, vaccination of 75
Blood 692t, 694
products 336, 692t, 694
B-lymphocyte 46, 89, 90, 582
defects 701
Body's immune system 504
Bolivian hemorrhagic fever 516
Bone marrow 401, 516
toxicity 615
transplant 701
Bordetella 253, 264
ability of 254t
epitopes 267
parapertussis 253
Bordetella pertussis 249, 252, 253, 256, 258, 264, 268, 271, 285
antigen 267, 273
endotoxin 253
infection 273, 274
source of 252
strains 253
transmission of 252
vaccine, live attenuated 274
Bovine calf serum 426
Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 652
Bovine-human reassortant vaccine 327
Bradycardia 400
Breast 666, 668
milk 633
Breastfeeding 133, 334, 339
BrkAB system 254
Bronchial secretions 240
Brucella abortus 674
Brucellosis 158
Bull neck appearance 230
Burkitt's lymphoma 552, 582
BvgAS system 254
C
Caliciviruses 324, 568
Campylobacter 567, 569, 570, 577
jejuni 567, 569, 570
strain 570
Canadian Paediatric Society 842
Cancer 6, 551, 702
antigens 552
colon 666, 668
hepatocellular 216
immunotherapy 554
influence of 702
vaccines 552, 553
Capsular polysaccharide 470
Carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester 49, 50
Carcinoembryonic antigen 552
Cardiac failure 563
congestive 455
Cardiopulmonary
disease 562
disorder 696
Case-fatality rates 298, 570
Cataract 361, 633
Catch-up immunization 85, 320
Catch-up vaccination 219, 233, 276, 319
adolescent vaccines for 716
schedule for 276
Cefotaxime 296
Cell 168
activity 618
culture 521
based methods 763
infective dose 329
vaccines 501
frequency value, responder 433f
immunocompetent 669
lung cancer, non-small 178, 555
Cellular immune response 258, 363
Cellular response 351
Cemplimab 555
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 71, 219, 224t, 231, 384, 429, 454, 494, 495, 569, 689, 702, 729, 739, 754, 806, 810, 814, 829, 830, 842
Central Bureau of Health Intelligence 66
Central Drugs Standard Control Organization 751, 803, 807
Central nervous system 93, 375, 419, 556
infections 563
Central Research Institute 15
Central Surveillance Unit 66
Cephalexin 296
Cephalic tetanus 239, 240
Cerebellar abnormalities 633
Cerebrospinal fluid 293, 294, 298, 733
leak 84
Cervical
adenitis 189
cancer 442, 712
carcinoma 552
intraepithelial neoplasia 443
lumen 443
Cervix 442
Chédiak-Higashi syndrome 336
Chemokine 37, 50
receptor 7 36, 619
Chemoprophylaxis 469, 476
Chemotherapy 693, 702
drugs 701
Chickenpox 419, 420
Chikungunya 626, 627f
vaccine 626, 628f
virus 626, 628f, 629, 630
Child survival safe motherhood 16
Children receiving steroids, vaccination of 709b
Chimera 487
Chimeric viral vaccines 487, 488f, 626, 628
Chimpanzee adenovirus 593, 596
vaccine 538
Chinese hamster ovary cells 656
Chloramphenicol 296, 404
Chlorofluorocarbon 26
Chloroquine 508
Cholecystitis 401
Cholera 90, 129, 510, 512, 517, 567, 570, 698, 737, 784, 840
control 510
diarrhea, culture-confirmed 511
endemic 511, 513
enterotoxin, accessory 512
protect against 512
toxin 91, 512, 571, 672
toxin B 88, 572
chain 512
subunit 571, 574
traveler's risk of 741
vaccination against 511
vaccine 84, 510, 573, 714
killed oral 572
role of 513
Cholesteryl ester transfer protein 557
Ciprofloxacin 296, 571
Circumsporozoite protein 531
Cirrhosis 216
Citrobacter freundii 399, 411
Clarithromycin 286
Clostridium
difficile 567
perfringens 567
tetani 237, 287, 722
Coccobacillus 253
Cochlear implant 84
Cocoon
strategy 272, 693
vaccination 291
Cold boxes 123
Cold chain 26, 29, 116, 117
equipment 123t
electrical 118
maintenance of 126
managing 126
reverse 116
Coley's toxins 551
Coloboma 633
Colony-stimulating factors 708
Colorado Children's Immunization Coalition 842
Coma 67, 517
Combination vaccines 84, 222, 300, 542, 543, 547, 662
benefits of 542b
complexities of 5
containing diphtheria toxoid 232
efficacy of 4
history of 543t
Commercial sex workers 624
Communicable disease
control 798
incidence of 104
surveillance systems 164
Communicable infections, spread of 99
Community based organizations 151f
Community Health Center 117
Complex regional pain syndrome 445
Comprehensive child survival strategy 29
Comprehensive multi-year strategic plan 19, 27
Congenital infection 606
incidence of 519
Congenital rubella
infection 361
syndrome 360, 365, 369, 373, 712, 768
Conjugate vaccine 75, 299, 543, 655
monovalent serogroup
A 472
C 472
Conjugated meningococcal vaccines 474
Conjunctivitis 67
Contingency plans 126
Contracted cowpox 4
Copaxone 556
Corpus callosum abnormalities 633
Corticosteroids 84, 708
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 227, 228, 284
toxin protein 656
Coryza 67
Costimulatory molecules, triad of 555
Cotrimoxazole 296
Cough 400
hygiene 468
Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases 578
Cowpox 4, 11
virus 11, 54
Coxsackie 562
Cranial nerve dysfunction 502
C-reactive protein 32, 627
Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever 516
Crohn's disease 551, 556
Cryptosporidium 325, 567, 568, 578
parvum 568
Culex
mosquitoes 479, 480
tritaeniorhynchus 479
Cyclospora 568
Cyclosporine 701, 708
Cystic fibrosis 642, 696
Cytokine 45, 50, 169
milieu 46
production 8
Cytomegalovirus 167, 596, 597, 606, 607f, 608f, 610f, 611, 612, 612b, 618
disease burden
and seroprevalence 608
congenital 608
encoded proteins 611t
incidence of 609f
infection 609
congenital 607
diagnosis of 608
natural history of 607
seroprevalence, maternal 607
vaccination 609b
vaccine 606, 611, 612, 612b, 612t, 614b
administration of 609
development of 610
history of 610b
Cytosine phosphate guanine 612
Cytotoxic T cell responses 669
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte 46, 585, 589, 597, 611, 612, 618
cell 612
Cytotoxicity 700
D
Dais, training of 164
Delivery systems, particulate 659
Dendritic cells 6, 32, 40f, 88, 168, 551, 553, 670
activation of 35f
vaccines 7, 553
Dengue 167, 401, 521, 657
immunity 522
infection
natural 525
past 521
risk of severe 525
serotypes 479, 523
severe 521
treatment for 521
vaccination 525
vaccine 521, 522, 523, 524, 525, 527, 715, 716
against 521
candidates 526t
characteristics of ideal 522
development of 522, 523
efforts for 524
future 524
initiative, pediatric 523
majority of 523
next-generation 525
virus 515, 521, 522
Dengvaxia 521, 522, 524, 525
Deoxyribonucleic acid 7, 168, 180, 294, 420, 488, 523, 526, 554, 597, 617, 619, 621t, 626, 628, 652, 657
recombinant 6
vaccine 7, 621, 626, 634, 657
Dermonecrotic toxin 254, 274
Detoxification 257
classical methods of 662
Developing Countries Vaccine Manufacturing Network 770
Diabetes 557
insulin-dependent 668
mellitus 84, 454, 696, 730
Diaphragm, paralysis of 231
Diarrhea 76, 133, 240, 510, 662
dehydrating 663
Diarrheal diseases, vaccines against 567
DiGeorge syndrome 336
Diphtheria 4, 19, 33, 64, 65, 67, 68, 79, 129, 227, 235, 284, 285, 732, 737, 784
antitoxin 271
cutaneous 229, 231
measles and pertussis, burden of 24f
nontoxic mutant of 473
prevention 234
reduced dose 81
surveillance for 64
tetanus 85, 134, 543, 546, 547, 715
efficacy of 291
pertussis-inactivated poliomyelitis, reduced 723
vaccine 289
third dose of 787
vaccine 232, 235
vulvovaginal 229
waning immunity of 285
Diphtheria toxoid 227, 231, 232, 255, 257, 316, 473, 707, 840
immunization 228
reactogenicity of 234
reduced doses of 242
Diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus 16, 20, 80, 107, 110, 111, 118, 119, 119f, 123, 217, 284, 378, 688, 690, 706, 766, 785, 807, 827, 838
third dose of 787, 789, 790
vaccine 129, 194, 198, 765, 766
Diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis 85, 119, 175, 232, 258, 290, 300, 543, 546, 547, 702, 707, 708, 715, 828, 831
immunization 42
vaccine 288, 840
Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis 72, 86, 198, 237, 284, 300, 494, 783, 789
vaccine 268t, 284, 287, 289, 825
Diphtheria, tetanus and whole-cell pertussis 175, 232, 233, 287, 300, 543, 546, 547, 707, 828, 831
vaccine 242, 287
combined with 544
Diphtheria, tetanus toxoids 118, 119, 119f, 123, 242, 273, 702
and acellular pertussis vaccine 242, 260
and pertussis 227, 517, 747
Direct fluorescent antibody 286
Direct-drive technology 119
Directorate General of Health Services 803
Disability-adjusted life year 304, 340, 341, 495, 509, 785
Disease control spectrum 156
Disease frequency, measures of 55
Disposable delivery kits, supply 164
District Immunization Officer 112
District Surveillance Units 66
Dog bite 506
Dog kidney, primary 523
Domestic refrigerator 120, 122f
Down's syndrome 642
Doxycycline 571
Dracunculiasis 155, 160, 161f
Dracunculus medinensis 160
Drowsiness 532
Drug addiction 6
Drug Controller General of India 130, 759, 775, 803, 807
Durvalumab 555
E
Ebola 536
infection 537
vaccine 536
virus 536, 537, 539
disease 536
glycoprotein 538
Echovirus 562
Edmonston-Zagreb strain 348, 351
Egg allergy 518
Electron microscopy 568
Electronic vaccine intelligence network 18
Emulsions 174, 174f
Enanthems 563
Encephalitis 360, 401, 423
causes of 378
Encephalomyelitis, acute disseminated 518
Encephalopathy 108
acute 129
Endemic disease 55
Endemic meningococcal disease 475
Endocarditis 401
hemolytic 401
Endophthalmitis 468
Entamoeba histolytica 568
Enterotoxin 91
Enteroviral disease, clinical spectrum of 563
Enteroviral infections 563
Enterovirus 195, 205, 562, 565, 656
classification of 562t
formalin-inactivated 565t
vaccines 562
Envelope glycoproteins 611
Enzyme immunoassay 593
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 48, 49, 242, 330, 350, 376, 383, 433, 437f, 516, 537, 568, 584, 627
Epithelial cells, microfold 88
Epstein-Barr virus 540, 582
nuclear antigen 552
vaccines 582
immunogenicity of 584
Equine rabies immunoglobulin 503
Erythema 435
multiforme 423
Erythromycin 231, 286, 296, 571
Escherichia coli 51, 91, 295, 325, 512, 567, 568, 572, 573, 578, 601, 603, 656, 672, 694, 755, 763
diarrhea-associated hemolytic 573
enteroaggregative 573
enterohemorrhagic 573
enteroinvasive 573
enteropathogenic 573
enterotoxigenic 568, 573
fimbrial tip adhesin vaccine, enterotoxigenic 574
vaccine, enterotoxigenic 575
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 420
European Medicines Agency 179
Exanthems 563
Exosomes 673
Expert Committee for Travel Medicine 739
Extrafollicular reaction 36
Eye
anomalies 369
muscle, paralysis of 231
F
Family Health Bureau 769
Febrile reaction 538
Febrile seizures 112, 352, 380
Feco-oral route 568
Federation of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of India 28
Fermentation 6
Fever 108, 518, 532
epidemic cerebrospinal 468
hemorrhagic 536
low 518
grade 230, 231
Fimbriae 253, 254, 267
First information report 110, 111
Flaccid paralysis, acute 17, 67, 68, 165, 367, 803, 831
Flaviviruses 479, 489, 620
Fluids, intravenous 453
Fluorescence-activated cell sorting 660
Fluorescent focus inhibition test, rapid 505
Fluoroquinolones 404
Focus-forming units 332, 335
Follicular dendritic cells 32
Food and Drug Administration 134, 179, 222, 337
Food-grade bacteria 674
Freund's complete adjuvant 175
Freund's incomplete adjuvant 175
Furazolidone 571
Fusion 651, 652
Fusogenic liposomes 671
G
Ganglioside receptor ligand 675
Gastric
acid 32
stasis 240
Gastroenteritis 337
acute 323
severe 323
Gastrointestinal disease 707
Gelatin allergy 518
Genealogy 253
Genetic detoxification 278
Genome 600
Gentamicin 296
German measles 360
Germinal center reaction 36
Ghana Food and Drugs Authority 842
Giardia 568
lamblia 568
Glatiramer acetate 556
Glaucoma 361
Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety 135, 602, 690, 799, 841, 842
criteria and website evaluation process 841
Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization 229, 341, 354, 445, 497, 757, 759, 780, 799, 830
Global Benchmarking Tool 808
Global Enteric Multicenter Study 325
Global Immunization Vision Strategy 765
on global interdependence 766
Global Influenza Surveillance
and response system 642
network 771
Global Measles and Rubella Strategic Plan 369371
five components of 370b
Global Polio Eradication Initiative 3, 162, 195, 203
Global Rotavirus Vaccine 339
Global Vaccine Action Plan 128, 355, 370, 765, 829
Global Vaccine Market 747
Global Vaccine Safety Net 841
group, members of 842f
Glomerulonephritis 216, 349
Glutamine 333
Glutathione-S-transferase 603
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 49
Glycolic acid 669f
Glycoprotein 606
B vaccine 613
surface 606
Graft-versus-host disease 707
chronic 704
Gram Swaraj Abhiyan 21
Gram-positive enhancer matrix 674
Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor 180, 218
Gray matter heterotopia 633
Griscelli syndrome 336
Gross domestic product 780, 794
Gross National Income 770, 830
Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, parts of 407
Guillain-Barré syndrome 245, 291, 445, 457, 470, 501, 502, 518, 569, 633, 636
Guinea ebola 539
Guinea pigs, inoculation of 130
Guinea worm
disease 160
eradication program 161
H
H antigens 569
H1N1 452f, 724, 731
influenza A virus infection 451
H3N2 731
H5N1
influenza 759
viruses 452
Haemophilus influenzae 4, 39, 46, 47, 57, 74, 83, 129, 237, 289, 293, 317, 378, 542, 546, 667, 668, 711, 784
Haemophilus influenzae B 19, 27, 33, 48, 73, 81, 134, 173, 175, 194, 204, 232, 242, 293300, 301f, 302, 303, 303f, 306t, 333, 409, 410, 470, 543547, 655, 701, 702, 706708, 737, 739, 774, 785, 786, 840
antigen 295
clinical features 294
conjugate vaccine 300f, 301, 302t, 303f, 304, 306, 307
disease 295, 302t
invasive 301
meningitis 302t
vaccine 118, 293, 546, 691
Hand, foot, and mouth disease 564f
Hank's salts 333
Harmattan meningitis 468
Hashimoto's disease 445
Headache 400, 431, 518, 530
Health 793
and wellness centers 29
midwives 769
protection agency 829
system strengthening 17, 29
Health and Family Welfare 803
Health Policy 798
Healthcare
professionals 729
vaccines for 729
providers 151
workers 291, 705, 820
Hearing loss 378
Heart disease 369, 454, 730
congenital 361, 642
Heat shock protein 32, 554
Heat-labile toxin 512, 672
Helicobacter pylori 91, 585, 656, 668
Helper cells 168
Hemagglutination assay 517
Hemagglutinin 254
filamentous 253, 257, 260, 261, 288
neuraminidase 651, 652
subtypes of 448
Hematological disorders 455, 696, 730
Hematology and oncology, pediatric 703
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant 459, 695, 703, 707t
recipients of 695
Hemolytic uremic syndrome 573
Hemorrhage 517
intestinal 401
Hepadnaviridae 215
Hepatic failure, fulminant 382
Hepatitis 349, 382
immunoglobulin 72
low-grade chronic 216
vaccines-based combinations 545
viral 516
Hepatitis A 33, 84, 103, 129, 173, 494, 517, 545, 547, 690, 698, 705, 715, 723, 737, 840
fulminant 394
traveler's risk of 740
vaccine 222, 382, 383, 390, 702, 705707, 714, 715
live 394
symptoms of 383
viral 382
Hepatitis A virus 382, 383, 385f, 387, 603, 740
diagnosis of 383
disease 391
infection 382, 385, 387, 389
atypical presentations of 383b
complications of 383b
human 383
prophylaxis for 387t
single dose of 393
vaccination 690
vaccine 388, 389, 394
dose of 393
efficacy of 391
inactivated 388t, 389, 391, 392, 394
single dose of inactivated 393
Hepatitis B 4, 33, 41, 67, 72, 79, 85, 118120, 123, 134, 173, 214, 216, 300, 424, 517, 543547, 690, 702, 705, 707, 715, 724, 737, 784, 789, 813
core antibody 216
immunoglobulin 214, 223, 225
role of 223
infection
chronic 216
prevent 223
prevention of 214, 217, 225
surface antigen 75, 214, 215
vaccination 225
adverse effects of 220
routine 219
vaccine 27, 214, 218222, 225, 242, 544, 706, 713, 715, 729, 739
intradermal administration of 221
Hepatitis B virus 214, 215, 388, 551, 589, 601, 668, 690, 729
infection 215
prevention of perinatal 223
mutants 222
Hepatitis C 134
vaccine 587, 590, 597
rationale for therapeutic 590
Hepatitis C virus 167, 216, 551, 587, 589, 597, 668
infection 388
chronic nature of 588
natural history of 588
pathogenesis of 588
protective immunity against 589
proteins 591t
vaccine 591t, 593
current 597t
strategies for 590
Hepatitis E 600, 759
vaccines 600
Hepatitis E virus 600
genome organization 600
vaccine
neutralization assay 603
oral immunization of 603
Hepatocellular carcinoma 215, 555
Herd effect 54, 59, 78
Herd immunity 54, 59, 99101, 104, 256, 305, 460, 513
Herd protection 101, 103
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 336
Herpangina 563
Herpes simplex virus 618, 668
Herpes virus 622
human 419
Herpes zoster 419, 427, 431, 432, 432t, 435t
after immunization 423
burden of 439
prevention of 433
vaccine 427
use of 439
Heterotypic infection, secondary 521, 522
Histocompatibility class, major 594
Histocompatibility complex
major 33, 47, 49, 95, 618, 619, 657, 671
molecules, major 42
Hodgkin's lymphoma 582
classical 555
Holoendemic disease 55
Horner's syndrome 363
Horse antitetanus serum 241
Host 102
agent interactions 798
factors 149
resistance 102
Human albumin 426
Human animal reassortant vaccines 327
Human calciviruses 568
Human candidate vaccine 529
Human cell cultures, inoculation of 130
Human cytomegalovirus 606, 612
pentamer complex of 611f
Human diseases, control of 155
Human immune
system 700
virus 134
Human immunodeficiency virus 3, 7, 31, 32, 55, 84, 88, 95, 107, 167, 180, 190, 295, 302, 307, 314, 330, 336, 352, 363, 377, 388, 424, 454, 476, 508, 551, 589, 617, 618f, 619, 621t, 656, 666, 701, 702, 729, 747
infected, vaccines in 688, 689
infection 214, 517, 688, 701, 766
vaccine 619, 621, 621t, 622
development of 619b
Human interleukin, recombinant 612
Human leukocyte antigen 40, 234, 596, 597
Human metapneumovirus 651
Human neonatal oral rotavirus vaccine 328
Human papillomavirus 18, 33, 81, 84, 85, 173, 175, 204, 442, 444, 551, 609, 656, 668, 702, 706, 747, 760, 771, 772, 792, 800, 840
classification of 443t
infection 443
role of 442
vaccination 712
vaccine 142, 328, 442, 444t, 691, 713, 715, 772
development, history of 443
dosage 444
epidemiological effects of 445
epidemiology 442
indications 444
nonavalent 443
pathogenesis 443
prophylactic 443
schedule 444
single dose of 446
virology 443
Human parainfluenza virus 650
candidate vaccines 652
vaccines 652
live attenuated 652
virion and genome organization 651f
Human rabies 502
deaths 502
immunoglobulin 503
prevention of 506
Human respiratory tract 274
Human tetanus immunoglobulin 241, 287
Human to-human transmission 452, 506
Human vaccine
adjuvantation of 181
development of 5t
trials 584
Humanized monoclonal antibody 643
Humoral immune response 36, 438
vaccines with 593
Humoral response, persistence of primary 38
Hydrolyzed gelatin 426
Hydrophobic protein, small 638
Hydroxychloroquine 508
Hyperendemic disease 55
Hypersalivation 502
Hypersensitivity
delayed-type 49
reactions 518
Hypertension 240, 558
Hyperventilation 502
Hyposplenia 74, 517, 707
anatomic 476
functional 476, 693
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis 693
Hypotonic hyporesponsive episode 109, 112, 288, 771
I
Ice-lined refrigerators 118, 123, 125f
Ileocolitis 349
Imiquimod 676
Immune
checkpoint inhibitors 555
correlate 540
disorders, history of congenital 424
electron microscopy 323
memory 96, 444
serum globulin 362
stimulating complex 591, 666, 672
suppression 552
therapy 555
Immune response 33, 36, 39, 41, 45, 88, 254, 258, 264
cell mediated 49t
persistence of 438
primary 36
role in 591t
secondary 38
Immune system 32
adaptive 31
and vaccination, basics of 700
cells 6
Immunisation Advisory Centre 843
Immunity 207
acquired 100
adaptive 89
against pertussis 276
cell mediated 178, 253, 258, 431, 618, 689
cellular 95, 620
contact 100, 101, 104
duration of 352, 363, 377, 421, 444, 508, 540
humoral 196, 206, 426
inborn errors of 51
innate 89, 95, 100
long-term persistence of 489
passive 351, 501
Immunization 31, 115, 270, 461, 712, 719, 745, 783, 824, 829
Academy 843
action coalition 830, 843
active 351, 362, 388, 501, 505, 517, 628
activity, supplementary 348, 354, 372
adult 290
advancing maternal 726
annual 461
anxiety-related reaction 107
certificate 810, 816, 816f
clinic, safety in 135
contraindications of 71
coverage 766
during illness 696
error-related reaction 106
ethical issues in 816, 819
expanded program on 7, 9, 15, 16, 19, 73, 79, 86, 194, 203, 204, 219, 274, 284, 308, 330, 362, 485, 639, 711, 726, 732, 746, 774, 784, 798, 812, 827
intensification of routine 21
lactation 693
passive 298, 351, 362, 387, 503, 517, 624, 628, 638
postexposure 422, 426, 624
practices 79
advisory 327
pregnancy 691
primary 490
programs 798
purpose of 78
role of 105
safety 133
schedule 78
ideal 78
multi-dose 525
technical support unit 19, 25, 800
timetable 81t
vaccines 509
Immunocompromised hosts 304
Immunodeficiency
congenital 190, 701
disease, severe combined 336
states, vaccination in
primary 701
secondary 701
Immunogenic proteins 137t
Immunogenicity 233, 255, 315, 330333, 351, 362, 389, 444, 474
measurement of 351, 363, 377, 444
Immunogens, antibody based 622t
Immunoglobulin 387, 617, 692t, 694
A 89, 93, 94, 95f, 286, 315, 329, 512, 569, 603, 701
G 93, 94, 286, 315, 444, 601, 667, 701
guidelines 830
heavy chain variable region 588
intravenous 285
M 32, 83, 286, 315, 349, 627, 667
Immunologic memory 266, 352, 363, 377, 444
Immunology 6, 88
progress in 168
Immunostimulatory sequences 177
Immunosuppressant drugs 695
Immunosuppression 518
mild 688
moderate 688
severe 688
therapy-related 701
Immunosuppressive 84
disorders 816
therapy 455, 693, 708
Immunotherapy, adoptive 585
In vitro markers, tests for 130
India Strategy Women Adolescent Child Health 29
India's National Guinea Worm Eradication Programme 160
Indian Academy of Pediatrics 25, 71, 78, 85, 114, 195, 224, 307, 380, 394, 492, 508, 689, 702, 712, 754, 759, 803, 812, 840t
Indian Academy of Pediatrics Advisory Committee 825, 839
on vaccines and immunization practices 825
Indian Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Immunization 291
Indian Council of Medical Research 25, 492, 730, 775, 800
Indian Medical Association 25, 28, 114, 754, 803
Indian Neonatal Strain Vaccine 328
Indian Public Health Association 25
Indian Society of Nephrology 28
Indian Vaccine Grand Challenge Program 757
Indian Vaccine Industry 747
Indian Vaccine Market Report and Forecast 748
Indirect fluorescent antibody 640
Infant immunization, reciprocal interference of 271
Infected animals, bite of 501
Infection 100
chronic 551
elimination of 158
natural 264
protection against 259
rate 56
spread of 99
viral 376
Infectious diseases 158
epidemiology of 55
patterns of 55
Infectious Diseases Society of America 336
Inflammatory disease, chronic 336
Inflammatory response, subdued 468
Influenza 33, 51, 55, 91, 173, 450, 656, 723, 724, 760, 840
A 720
A viruses 448
antigenic subtypes of 450t
activity, start of 452
antigens 455
antiviral drugs for 453
B
burden of 448
lineage 455
biology of 448
circulation 452
diagnosis and symptomatology 453
epidemics and pandemics 449
H9N2 viruses 452
illness 455
immunization 460
history of 461
intranasal 34
like illness 538, 641
morbidity to 449
mortality to 449
outbreaks 449
pandemics 449
mortality during 449
pediatric 453
season 456
subtypes 449
treatment of 454
types 449
Influenza vaccine 84, 454, 456, 457, 459t461t, 460, 691, 707, 714, 730, 763, 826
choice of 458
cold-adapted 5, 461
inactivated 456, 458, 458t, 459, 692, 702, 703, 707, 708, 826
pandemic 448
quadrivalent inactivated 456
seasonal 448
trivalent 456
inactivated 456, 456t
types of 461
Influenza virus 449451, 453, 455, 456, 651, 673
characteristics of 449t
emergence of novel 449f
infection 461
Injection
procedure 71
route, site and needle length 72
safety 71
and waste disposal 25
site abscess 109, 112
Injury 54
hepatocyte 384
Innate immune
response to vaccines 35
system 31
cell of 168
Inoculation 11f
Insect cells, proteins expressed in 603
Integrated Child Development Services 20, 768, 838
Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response Guidelines 404b
Integrated Disease Surveillance Program 62
Integrated Disease Surveillance Project 66
Intensive care units 238
Interferon 619
Interferon-alpha 216
receptor 95
Interleukin 50, 612
International Certificate of Vaccination 738f
International Conference on Harmonization 761
International Finance Facility for Immunization 769
International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood 646
International Task Force for Disease Eradication 156, 158
International Vaccine Institute 577
Intestinal epithelial cells 94, 95
Intracellular cytokine staining 436, 437f
Intradermal vaccines, effectiveness of 508
Intraocular calcifications 633
Intussusception monitoring 343
Invasive disease 474
Inventory control system, maximum-minimum 125
Iodonaphthylazide 629
Ipilimumab 555
Iroquois-class homeodomain protein 2 555
Iscomatrix 594, 672
Isolation 104
J
Jacobson's case 812
Japanese encephalitis 18, 20, 27, 67, 76, 81, 84, 85, 129, 173, 478, 480, 482, 483f, 484, 484t, 492, 494, 494t, 692, 495, 496t, 698, 712, 724, 733, 737, 741, 746, 785, 825, 837, 840
age distribution of 484f
endemic states 482f
epidemiology of 494
large-scale 495
prevention 478
significance of 478b
revised 492
risk of 481f, 493
transmission 482
traveler's risk of 741
vaccination 495
vaccines 120, 478, 484, 484b, 487, 492b, 494, 496, 714
campaign 785
coadministration of 493
inactivated 493
transmission 480, 483
types of 496b
viral activity 480
virus 478, 479, 515
transmission cycle of 479
Jaundice 382, 530
acholuric 383
choluric 383
Jeryl-Lynn strain, doses of 378
K
Kawasaki disease 337
Keyhole limpet hemocyanin 554, 622
Kidney
disease 454, 730
end-stage 178
Killer disease 529
Klebsiella 567
Kyasanur Forest disease virus 479
L
Lactation, vaccination during 75
Lactic acid 669f
Lactide-co-glycolides 668
Lactococcus lactis 674
Lamina propria 94, 95, 95f
Lanzhou lamb rotavirus 327
Laryngeal diphtheria 231
Lassa fever 516
Latent membrane protein 2 585
Latex particle agglutination 295, 297, 298
Leningrad-Zagreb strain 378
Leprosy 158
Leptospirosis 401, 516
Leukemia 426
acute lymphocytic 420
Levamisole 708
Licensed Respiratory syncytial virus intervention products 643
Licensed vaccines 185
adjuvants in 175t
Licensed zoster vaccine, dose of 435
Lidocaine 72
Limbs, paralysis of 231
Linked-epitope suppression 267
Lipid-core-peptide 666, 675
system 675
Lipid-encapsulated nanoparticle, consists of 634
Lipo-oligosaccharide 274
Lipopeptides 620, 621
Lipopolysaccharide 171f, 254, 255, 569, 668
Lipoprotein
high-density 589
role of low-density 557
Liposomes 175, 666, 671
Listeria monocytogenes 306
Live attenuated cell culture 485
Live attenuated hepatitis A 390t
virus vaccines 390, 392, 393
Live attenuated influenza 701
vaccine 455, 457, 458t, 459, 724
efficacy of 456t
virus, transmissibility of 458
Live attenuated virus 521, 522
vaccines 522
Live vaccines 35, 336, 705t
secondary spread of 100
Liver 516
abscesses 401
disease 454
enzymes 382
transplant 217
pediatric 393
Loud noises 502
Low birth weight 71
infants, vaccination of 73
Lower respiratory
infection, acute 639, 641, 642, 650
tract infection 639, 640, 650
Lung disease, chronic 641, 642
Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone 668
Lymph node 35f, 39, 170f
draining 177
Lymphadenitis 109, 112, 191
Lymphadenopathy 230, 360
Lymphocyte
proliferation 377
response 610f
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus 612
Lymphoid tissue
gut-associated 89, 94
skin-associated 677
Lymphoma 426
Lymphoproliferative disease, X-linked 336
Lysozyme 32, 89
Lyssavirus 501
M
Macacus rhesus 519
Macacus sinicus 519
Macromolecular purification 6
Macrophages 90, 168
tumor-associated 552
Malaise 230, 400, 431
Malaria 8, 32, 167, 401, 516, 529, 534, 747
diagnosis of 530
manifestations of severe 530t
vaccination against 763
vaccine 529
worldwide 530t
Mannose-binding lectin 32
Mansonia mosquitos 480
Marburg and ebola fever 516
Mass vaccination 510
Maternal and neonatal tetanus 245
elimination 19, 28, 245
initiative 245
status 165
Maternal antibodies 82, 271
Maternal immunization 270, 271, 278, 719
reciprocal interference of 271
Maternal mortality rate 108
Matrix protein 638
Measles 34, 55, 129, 348, 369, 517, 702,737, 784
containing vaccine 27, 349f, 353f, 354, 354f, 783, 785, 789
dose 785787
diagnosis of 349
eradication of 371
immunoglobulin 351
vaccine 118, 120, 348
based combinations 542
virus 349, 350
ribonucleic acid 350
Measles and rubella 18, 19, 28, 107, 369
global strategic plan 356
initiative 369, 370
Measles, mumps, and rubella 72, 81, 83, 85, 107, 111, 142, 173, 352, 362, 494, 546, 547, 688, 701, 702, 707, 708, 712, 715, 731, 767
and varicella 5, 84, 546
vaccine 426
vaccine 118, 136, 713, 739
part of 375
Measles, rubella 64, 67, 68, 370, 421, 494, 768, 781, 786, 826, 838
and mumps vaccines 826
campaign 360, 366, 366f, 372, 372b, 768, 786
initiative 356
vaccination campaigns 147
vaccine 118
Measles-measles, and rubella 20, 80
Medical disorders, chronic 459
Medical Officers of Health 769
Medical Officers of Primary Health Centers 110
Medicines, immunosuppressive 816
Melanoma 553, 666, 668
Membrane 632
antigens 577
protein, major outer 570
proximal external region 622
vesicles, outer 578
Membranous nephropathy 216
Memory B lymphocytes 169
Memory cells 169
central 50
effector 50
Memory T lymphocytes 169
Meningeal tuberculosis 189
Meningitis 297, 303f, 375, 467, 770
aseptic 375
bacterial 67, 297t
belt 475, 476
probable 303
total probable 295
Meningococcal 33, 103
conjugate vaccine 467
serogroup B vaccine, multicomponent 473
vaccination 476
vaccinology, recent advances in 474
Meningococcal conjugate vaccine 471, 474, 547, 704, 838
interaction of 473
types of 470
Meningococcal disease 55, 467, 468, 474, 475, 737
epidemiology of 468
invasive 468
prevention of 468
traveler's risk of 739
Meningococcal polysaccharide
diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine 609
protein conjugate vaccines 470
quadrivalent 470
vaccine 467, 469, 470, 471
Meningococcal vaccine 81, 84, 467, 474, 691, 714, 732, 840
choice of 740
licensed 471t
monovalent serogroup B 472
synopsis of 739t
types of 469
use of 475
Meningococcus 467, 475, 655, 688, 732
serogroup A 468
Meningoencephalitis 557
Messenger ribonucleic acid 622, 628f, 629
Metabolic disorder 696
Metastatic abscess 401
Metastatic colorectal cancer 555
Microbial tests 761
Microcephaly 632
Microorganism, single 4
Miliary tuberculosis 189
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 19, 775, 800, 802, 803
Mission Indradhanush 21, 64, 746, 747, 786
intensified 19, 748f
Molecular biology 6
Monoclonal antibodies 33, 505, 516, 642
Mononegavirales 638
Mononucleosis, infectious 582
Monophosphoryl lipid 668
Monosodium l-glutamate 426
Monovalent and combination formulations, development of 4
Moreau strain 188
Mortality 84
Mosquirix 529
Mosquito 516
stage vaccine 533, 534t
vector 521
Mosquito-borne
flaviviral infection 521
flavivirus 479
Mucosal immune 444
response 89, 351, 363, 377
Mucosal immunity 88, 97, 204, 206, 207
Mucosal protection 199, 204
Mucosal vaccine 90
delivery 669
Mucous membranes 32
Multicenter acellular pertussis trial 258
Multidisease 4
Multiepitope fusion
antigen 574
vaccine 574
Multifactorial causation 57
Multiple organ system failure 518
Multiple puncture technique 189
Multi-year strategic plan 18, 25, 27, 806
Mumps 34, 129, 158, 375, 380, 737
active immunization 376
attack rate of 377
efficacy and effectiveness 378
encephalitis 375
immunogenicity 376
incidence of 376
infection 378
measles, and rubella 705
passive immunization 376
safety 378
vaccination 378, 379f
vaccine 375, 376
development 376
virus 376
Mumps/measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine 715
Murray Valley encephalitis 479
virus 479, 515
Muscle fasciculations 502
Myalgia 518
Mycobacteria
disease 50
environmental 189
Mycobacterium 50, 618
abscessus 72
bovis 187
chelonae 72
fortuitum 72
leprae 32, 656
tuberculosis 187, 543, 673, 739
Mycoplasma 8
mycoides 673
Myelos 94
Myocarditis 231, 349, 468, 563
Myocardium 516
Myxoviruses 620
N
Naïve b-cells 36
Nanoparticle vaccines 557
Nasal diphtheria, anterior 230
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma 582
Nasopharyngeal carriage 305
Nasopharynx 294, 296, 297
National Center for Disease Control 63, 66, 803
National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases 843
National Committee on Immunization Practices 413, 799
National Control Laboratories 808
National Family Health Survey 746, 747
National Guinea Worm Eradication Programme 160
National Health Policy 29
National Health Service 829
National Immunization Advisory Committees 799
National Immunization Days 17
National Immunization Program 142, 242, 253, 323, 339, 382, 478, 745, 774, 799, 824, 830
National Immunization Schedule 80t, 711, 750
National Immunization Technical Advisory Group 153, 753, 798, 799, 801, 843
National Infant Immunization Coverage 17
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease 629, 630, 634
National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases 511
National Institute of Communicable Diseases 66, 160
National Institute of Immunology 754, 803
National Institute of Virology 491, 803
National Institutes of Health 576, 621
National Library of Medicine 831
National Network for Immunization Information 830
National Pertussis Immunization Policy 275
National Polio Surveillance Project 17, 19, 65, 356
National Public Health Surveillance Project 65
National Regulatory Authority 749, 753b, 798, 807
functions of 753
in Vaccination Programs and Practices 798
roles and responsibilities of 807
National Regulatory Bodies 767
National Rural Health Mission 17, 803
National Security 84
National Smallpox Eradication Program 15
National Technical Advisory Group of Immunization 19, 25, 195, 301, 493, 716, 749, 754b, 775, 775f, 798, 799, 801805, 812
functions 806
meetings 805
secretariat 804
subcommittees 803
National Travel Health Network Centre 739
National Tuberculosis Control Programme 13, 15, 187
revised 64, 68
National Vaccine Campaign 820
National Vaccine Policy 27, 745, 746, 749
appraisal of 750
components of 750
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme 480
Natural killer cell 89, 95, 588, 618
Natural killer T-cells, invariant 50
Navy Medical Research Institute 570
Necrotizing vasculitis 216
Neisseria lactamica 467
Neisseria meningitidis 39, 209, 300, 306, 316, 467, 470, 474, 577, 655, 667, 694, 739, 792
group B 302
serogroup B 469
Nelms’ cowpox pustules 4
Neoantigens 554
Neomycin 424, 426
Neonatal care 164
Neonatal immunization 273
Neonatal pertussis 252
Neonatal tetanus 64, 67, 68, 129, 156, 237, 239, 240, 241, 784
elimination of 164
prevention of 245
surveillance 65
Neonatal vaccination 273
Neoplasms, malignant 701
Nervous system, signs of 501
Neuraminidase 175
Neuritis 231
brachial 112, 245
Neurological disease 519
Neuromuscular disease 642
Neuropathy 423
Neuropsychiatric sequelae, permanent 478
Neurotoxin disease 518
Neurotropic disease 518
Neurovirulence 420
Neutralizing antibodies 584, 600, 610f, 619
vaccine-induced 733
Newcastle disease virus 585
Newer vaccine 51, 191, 492
delivery systems 668
support 18
N-glycosylation 603
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 294
Nikshay 68
Nivolumab 555
Non-Culex species 480
Nonelectrical cold chain equipment 119, 123
Nonhuman primate 538, 622
Noninfectious conditions 555
Noninfectious diseases 551
Nonlive vaccines 35, 36, 523
Non-polio enteroviral infections 563
Nonreplicative adenovirus vector 523
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 517, 628
Nontoxic mutant diphtheria toxin 300f, 302
Norovirus 568, 656
Novel antigen candidate vaccines 577
Novel development strategies 90
N-trimethyl chitosan 675, 677
nanoparticles 677
Nucleic acid 620
based vaccines 657
test 537, 633
Nucleoprotein 638, 651
Nucleotide polymorphism, single 399
Numerous immunogenicity 258
O
O-antigen 576
Obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic 454, 639, 730
Ocular diphtheria 229
Ocular infections 563
Oil-in-water emulsions 175
Oka strain 419
Oka-Merck strain 419
Oligodeoxynucleotide 677
Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) Elimination Program 160
Oncofetal antigens 552
Oncogene products, mutated 552
Optic neuritis 627
Oral cholera toxin 512
Oral cholera vaccine 512, 573
live attenuated 512, 571
new 511
Oral fluids 453
Oral polio vaccine 96, 118, 173, 209f, 212, 689, 701, 702, 784, 785, 825, 838
live-attenuated 95f
monovalent 17, 97, 211
Oral polio virus 194
vaccine 16, 19, 58, 74, 80, 90, 101, 110, 130, 203, 204, 210, 212, 328, 332, 333, 543, 661, 688, 690, 701, 705, 840
doses of 210t
early history of 207
live 203
schedules of trivalent 211
Oral poliomyelitis vaccine 118, 119
Oral typhoid 701
Oral vaccine 188, 511, 512, 573
live 408, 513
Orthopneumovirus 638
Oseltamivir 453
Osteitis 109, 112, 401
Osteomyelitis 109, 112
Otitis media 133
acute 76
Outpatient department 650
Overwhelm immune system 136
P
Pachygyria 633
Packed red blood cells 694
Pain 532
Palivizumab 643
Papanicolaou smear 443
Paracetamol 453
Parainfluenza virus 652
vaccines 650
Paralytic disease 198
Paralytic ileus 240
Paralytic polio 196
Paralytic poliomyelitis, vaccine associated 107, 203, 688, 816, 828
Paramyxoviridae 375
Paramyxoviruses 620
Paraplegia 207
Parasites, blood stage 533
Parenteral rotavirus vaccine 329
Parenteral transmission 215
Passenger antigen ovalbumin 673
Patent ductus arteriosus 361, 369
Path's vaccine resource library 843
Pathogen adaptation 267
Pediatric cancer 705t
Pediatric Societies, role of 373
Pediatrician in office practice, role of 114
Pembrolizumab 555
Penicillin 231
Penta- and hexavalent combinations 232
Pentameric complex 606, 611, 612
Peptide 551
Peptide vaccine 170, 553, 593
personalized 554
Peramivir 453
Pericardial effusion 563
Pericarditis 349, 468
acute 216
Periodic mass vaccination campaigns 510
Periorbital cellulitis 468
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells 49, 433f, 553
Peripheral neuropathy 245
Pertactin 253, 254, 257, 262, 267
Pertussis 33, 64, 65, 67, 68, 73, 79, 91, 129, 173, 249, 285, 287, 722, 732, 737, 784
and rubella vaccines, adverse effects of 129
antigen 267
components, role of 261
disease 273
substantial portion of 251
immunity 249
immunization, widespread 277
in adolescents and adults 251
incidence of 262
infection and vaccination 265f
mortality 277
outbreaks 252, 291
pathogen of 253
pathogenesis of 253
protection against 271
schedule, primary infant 272
strains 267
toxin 253, 254, 257, 261, 267, 288
toxoid 257, 260, 261
transmission of 272
vaccination 269, 274, 276, 716
vaccine 85, 129, 249, 253, 542, 722, 739
approaches, new 274
coverage of 275
doses of 275
in office practice, use of 275
live attenuated 278
schedule for 276
Petechiae 563
Peyer's patches 93, 95f, 400
Phagocytic function disorders 701
Phagocytic syndrome 401
Pharyngeal diphtheria 230
Pharyngeal spasms 502
Phosphoprotein 612, 638, 651
Photophobia 431
Pichia pastoris 603
Picornaviridae 195, 205, 382, 383
Picornaviruses 620
Placenta 720
Plague 784
Plant-derived triterpene glycoside 436
Plaque forming units 420
Plaque reduction neutralization test 516
Plasma 33
cells 86f
Plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid 657
Plasmid vector 521
Plasmodium 529, 530, 531
falciparum 529, 530, 531, 533, 656, 674, 763
malaria 530
knowlesi 529
infection 531
malariae 529
ovale 529
vivax 529, 531
malaria 530, 533
vaccine projects 533
Pleocytosis, asymptomatic 375
Pleural effusion 401, 468
Pleurodynia 563
Plotkin's nomenclature 46
Pneumococcal conjugate 84
vaccine 18, 19, 8082, 315, 316, 456, 547, 656, 691, 702, 703, 706708, 778, 785, 825, 838, 840
efficacy of 317t
formulations 316f
third dose of 786
Pneumococcal disease 320, 737
invasive 314
Pneumococcal infections 662
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine 82, 84, 315, 436, 691, 702, 707, 712, 827
Pneumococcal vaccine 4, 313, 315, 543, 702, 707, 714
quadrivalent 543
Pneumococcus 313315, 317, 318, 688, 774, 781, 792
infections 655
Pneumonia 293296, 297t, 303, 423, 468
community acquired 641
radiological 317t
Pneumoviridae 638
Polio 4, 33, 34, 82, 94, 173, 203, 205207, 733, 737, 784
burden of 24f
elimination 28
timeline of 17f
eradication 97
end game 212
information system 164
strains, vaccine derived type 2 4
third dose of 786
traveler's risk of 742
under global eradication 197
vaccine 702, 733, 825
campaign 785
injectable 289
modern inactivated 197
Polio virus 95f, 162, 164f, 194196, 205
circulating vaccine-derived 162, 205
disease 195
high affinity for 95f
inactivated 4, 119
infection 195
epidemiological features of 196
mucosal immunity to 93
pathogenesis 93
receptor 93
replication 95f
type 3 17
vaccine 203, 333
derived 203, 204
doses of inactivated 200t
early history of inactivated 197
efficacy of modern inactivated 198
fourth-generation inactivated 201
fractional-dose inactivated 838
inactivated 20, 75, 80, 81, 83, 85, 93, 94, 103, 194, 198, 199t, 200, 201, 203, 173, 242, 300, 543, 544, 547, 661, 689, 690, 702, 706708, 781, 840
safety of modern inactivated 198
schedule, onactivated 96f
Poliomyelitis 129, 155, 158, 161f, 162, 194, 203, 205, 737
eradication of 165, 767
vaccine, inactivated 546
Polyepitope 594
Polylactic-co-glycolides acid 669
Polymerase chain reaction 66, 286, 294, 298, 324, 361, 384, 431, 554, 568, 627
real-time 593
reverse transcription 453
transcriptase 350
Polymerase protein 651
Polymeric lamellar substrate particles 670
Polymers, biodegradable 668
Polyphosphazene polyelectrolyte 669
Polyribosylribitol phosphate 299, 300f, 544, 655
Polysaccharide 82, 137t, 467, 471
chemistry 6
conjugate vaccines 576
vaccine 170, 299, 397, 407t, 469, 472, 474, 543
parenteral VI 406
Poor hygiene 570
Porcine circovirus 337
Porencephaly 633
Pork tapeworm 158
Postherpetic neuralgia 431, 432, 435
incidence of 435t
Postimmunization antibody 254
Postimmunosuppressive therapy 701
Postsplenectomy 701
Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disease 585
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome 445
Postvaccinal encephalitis 518
Postvaccination testing, routine 222
Potassium
chloride 426
phosphate
dibasic 426
monobasic 426
Potency tests 761
Poxvirus 620
vaccina-based 622
vectors 622
Prednisolone 708
Prednisone 336
Predominant immune responses 33t
Pregnancy 424
vaccines in 692
Pregnant travelers, vaccination for 737
Preliminary information report 111, 112
Premature birth 133, 641
Premembrane 632
Preterm infants, vaccination in 73, 221
Preventable disease surveillance, vaccine 26, 64, 67
Prilocaine 72
Primary Health Center 117
Prime-boost concept 617, 622
Private sector and vaccination 27
Program for Appropriate Technology in Health 757
Program implementation and monitoring 750
Prokaryotic system, proteins expressed in 603
Promoting public-private partnership 750
Prophylactic B- and T-cell combined vaccines 593
Prophylaxis
post-exposure 223, 388, 505, 506, 507t, 508, 538
pre-exposure 505508
Prostatic acid phosphatase 553
Protection, surrogate of 47
Protective immunity, newer concepts of 621
Protein
conjugate polysaccharide vaccines 691
conjugate vaccine 470
derivative, purified 190
fimbrial 262
glutamate-rich 674
latent 584
nonstructural 611
structural 611
vaccine, subunit 523
Pseudomonas 694
aeruginosa exotoxin A 409, 576
Pseudotumor cerebri 401
Pteropodidae family 536
Public education 245
Public health 155
consideration 354, 365, 439, 379, 519, 540, 629
implications 62
perspectives 274, 494
Public Health Foundation 803, 804
Pulmonary artery stenosis, branch 369
Pulmonary edema 530
Pulmonary tuberculosis 187
protective effect against 189
Pulse Polio Program 820
Purpura 563
fulminans 468
Pyrexia 240
Q
Q fever 516
Qin's nomenclature 47
Quantitation tests 761
Quillaja saponaria 176
R
Rabbit myelin bound protein 137
Rabid animals 502
Rabies 501, 509, 692, 698, 724, 733, 737, 759
immunoglobulin 501, 503, 503f, 504
in animals, signs of 502
monoclonal antibody 503
traveler's risk of 741
vaccination, intradermal 507
vaccine 84, 129, 501, 508, 661, 714
availability of 508
egg-based 505
first dose of 506
intradermal administration 504
virus 502, 538
neutralizing antibody 508
Radiation therapy 84
Radiotherapy 693, 702
Randomized clinical trials 189
Randomized controlled trial 62, 258, 485, 832
Rapid replication rate 619
Rashes, urticarial 216
Rational antigen discovery 659
Reactions, vaccine related 105
Reactogenicity 437
Recurrent disease 427
Red blood cells 533
Refrigerator
placement of 120
purpose-built 122
Regulatory natural killer 552
Renal disorder 696
Renal failure 517
chronic 695, 705
Renin-angiotensin system 558
Replication-defective virus vaccine 613
Reproductive and child health 16
Respiratory airways 264
Respiratory diphtheria 229, 230
Respiratory disease 643
Respiratory epithelium 262
Respiratory illness
severe acute 641
viral 650
Respiratory infections, acute 297t, 641, 642, 825
Respiratory symptoms 375
Respiratory syncytial virus 167, 638641, 641t, 642, 642t, 643, 646, 650, 673
F vaccine 644
genome and morphology 638f
global burden of 640f
intravenous immunoglobulin 643
molecular epidemiology of 640
products’ landscape 643
vaccination strategies 643
vaccine, pediatric 643
Respiratory syndrome, severe acute 8, 63, 778
Resuscitation kit 135
Retinitis 361
Retinoic acid-inducible gene 95
Retrobulbar neuritis 627
Rhabdoviridae 501
Rhabdoviruses 620
Rhesus human reassortant vaccine 327
Rhesus rotavirus
quadrivalent 327
vaccine 326, 663
Rheumatoid arthritis 551, 556, 668
Rheumavax 556
Ribonucleic acid 8, 93, 196, 360, 488, 568, 587, 591, 600, 617, 618, 618f, 632, 650, 658
double-stranded 324
single-stranded 479
vaccine 658
modified 634
viral 32
Ribosomal entry site, internal 630
Rickettsia 399, 516
Rickettsial infections 401
Rift valley fever 516
Rimantadine 453
Risk interval analysis 133
Risus sardonicus 239
Rituximab 336
Rotarix™ 329
Rotary lancet 15
Rotavirus 34, 80, 82, 129, 173, 323, 324, 424, 543, 567, 663, 737, 747, 759, 840
classification 324
working group 325
diarrhea 158, 326
disease 663
epidemiology 325
gastroenteritis 326
pathogenesis of 326
infection 323, 325
structure 324
Rotavirus vaccination 328, 341t, 342
contraindications for 336
Rotavirus vaccine 1820, 132, 323, 328, 332, 334, 334t, 338, 340f, 691, 702, 707, 825, 838
and intussusception 342
development 326
effectiveness of 338
efficacy of 338t
monovalent human G1 328
nonreplicating 329
vaccination with current licensed 329
Routine vaccination 737, 738
dosage of 218
schedule of 218
Rubella 34, 82, 129, 158, 360, 361, 369, 737
antibody 361
complication of 369
containing vaccine 365
eradication of 371
incidence of 365f
measles, and varicella 694
panencephalitis, progressive 360
significance of 360
specific antibodies 361
vaccination 365
vaccine 360, 367
global coverage of 364f
Rubulavirus 375
Russian Federal Ministry of Health 539
S
Sabin strains 203
Sabin viruses 204, 210
Saccharomyces cerevisiae 217, 531, 656
Safe injections 134
Safeguard power source 121
Safety assessment 179
Saint Louis encephalitis virus 479
Salicylates 84, 427
Saliva 633
Salmonella 56, 399, 412, 567
choleracsuis 399
enterica 397
group D 399
minnesota 176
serotypes 399
typhimurium 408, 596
Salmonella paratyphi 406, 412
A infection, emerging 412
C infection 406
infection 741
Salmonella typhi 103, 397, 399, 401, 411, 567, 575, 655, 667, 695, 733, 741
infection 399
transmission of 407
vaccine 408
Sanitary departments 12
Sapovirus 568
Scare-related adverse events, vaccines 108
Schistosomiasis 158
Schizencephaly 633
Sclerosing panencephalitis, subacute 348
Sclerosis, multiple 556, 668
Seasonal flu 6
Seasonal influenza 450, 458t, 737
vaccine, types of 455
year wise burden of 452f
Secretory antibodies 94
Seizures 109, 112, 423, 502, 517
family history of 696
multiple episodes of 530
Selecting proper media 143
Sendai virus 652
Sensorineural deafness 369
Sensorineural hearing loss 607
Sensory ganglia 431
neurons in 431
Sentinel surveillance 65
Sepsis 109
Septicemia, fulminant 467
Seroconversion index 209f
Seropositivity 57
Seroprotection 57
Serotype
distribution 315
prevalence 732
replacement 318
Serum 382
albumin 661
bactericidal assay 473
glutamate pyruvate transaminase 383
institute 362
Sexual transmission 215
Sexual transmitted diseases 215
Shellfish 570
Shiga toxin-secreting Escherichia coli 573
Shigella 567, 570, 575578
dysenteriae 575577
enterotoxin 576
flexneri 575577
sonnei 575577
sonnei vaccine 577
vaccines 577
Shigellosis 575
Shingles prevention study 434
Shock 468, 517
collapse 109
Sickle cell disease 455, 476
Sickness rate 126
Simian-human immunodeficiency virus 595, 620
Simultaneous vaccines 543
Sinusitis 293
Situation analysis 750
Skeletal muscle paralysis 205
Smallpox 4, 911, 156, 784
before vaccination 10
disease, eradication of 155
eradication 15
timeline of 15t
vaccine 146
virus 11
zero, operation 16
Smart vaccine beta 751, 752f
Social and political criteria 159
Socioeconomic status 608
Sodium bicarbonate 333, 426
Sodium chloride 426
Sodium phosphate dibasic 426
Soft palate, paralysis of 231
Solar direct-drive refrigerators 120
Solar refrigerator 119
and solar panels 120f
Solid organ transplant 609, 609f, 701, 705, 708t
vaccination in recipients of 695
Sorbitol 426
Sore throat 230, 231
Spatula test 241
Special groups, vaccination of 685
Spleen 39, 516
Splenectomy 694
vaccination in 709t
Splenic hypofunction, vaccination in 709t
Spontaneous reporting systems 132
Sporozoites 531
St. Louis encephalitis viruses 479, 515
Standard material transfer agreement 771
Standing Technical Subcommittee 753, 775, 801
Staphylococcus aureus 72, 102, 567, 694, 760
protein A 673
State surveillance units 66
Stem cell transplant, hematogenous 609
Sterile technique 71
Steroid 701
therapy 693
Stevens-Johnson syndrome 423
Stock level
maximum 126
minimum 125
Stomach
acid 512
flu 568
Stomatitis 349
Stool shedding, preventing 93
Strain distribution 325
Strategic advisory group of experts 799, 829
Strengthen service delivery 164
Strengthen vaccine preventable disease surveillance system 28
Streptococcus
gordonii 674
pneumoniae 39, 295, 313, 655, 667, 694, 792, 825
Structural capsid 479
Sudden infant death syndrome 288
Surrogate 42, 45, 46
Surveillance Medical Officers 65
Surveillance system 65
Sustainable development goal 27, 128
Swine flu 457
Syntex adjuvant formulation-1 175
Systemic dendritic cells 667
Systemic lupus erythematosus 551
Systemic symptoms, mild 457
Systems strengthening 152
T
T helper cells 33, 168
Tackle vaccine
challenges 169
hesitancy, strategies to 150
Tacrolimus 701, 708
T-cell 31, 32, 35, 40
abnormalities, congenital 426
dependent process 31
immune responses 258
immunodeficiencies, severe 701
independent
antigens 31
immunity 409
vaccines 474
intraepithelial 90
line-adapted 619
memory 50, 51
receptor 8
receptor peptide
vaccination 556
vaccines 8
resident memory 264
response 46
vaccines with 592
vaccines 551
T-cytotoxic cells 33
T-dependent antigens 38
Temperatures, monitoring of 123
Tetanospasmin 287
Tetanus 4, 6, 33, 79, 81, 91, 129, 237, 238, 242, 247, 287, 721, 723, 737
and reduced diphtheria dose vaccine 232
diagnosis of 240
generalized 239
immunoglobulin 241
low-dose diphtheria vaccine 289
pertussis, and influenza 725
prophylaxis 244t, 290
reduced dose diphtheria 85
Tetanus toxoid 16, 19, 64, 80, 118, 123, 134, 225, 227, 232, 242, 247f, 257, 261, 287, 289, 302, 473, 701, 702, 712, 746, 805, 838
containing vaccines 722
doses, history of 290
in pregnancy 289
in wound management 290
single antigen 242
single-dose 669
vaccine 289
Tetanus, diphtheria 543, 547, 702, 707, 805, 827
and pertussis 723
toxoids 278, 713
vaccine 715
Tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis 609, 702, 706, 712, 715, 722, 828
maternal 272
timing of maternal 271
vaccination 271
vaccine 242
Tetracycline 571
Tetravalent vaccine
live attenuated 523
purified inactivated 523
T-follicular helper cells 612
T-helper type 589
normalized 8
Therapeutic cancer vaccines 551, 555
Therapeutic vaccination 557, 558, 636
Therapeutic vaccine 446, 551, 555, 556, 585, 670, 764
candidates 596t
Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose 571
Thrombocytopenia 112, 349, 360, 363, 423
Thymus disease 518
Tick-borne encephalitis 85, 489, 737
virus 479, 515
T-lymphocyte 426
cell counts 457
defects 701
Tobacco addiction 558
Tolerogenic dendritic cell vaccines 556
Tolerogenic vaccines 551
Toll-like receptor 32, 93, 95, 614, 667, 675
Tonsillar diphtheria 230
Total leukocyte count 618
Towne vaccine 613
Towne-Toledo chimera vaccines 613
Toxic shock 400
syndrome 109
Tracheal cytotoxin 253, 254
Transcutaneous immunization 676
Transcutaneous vaccine delivery 676
Transmembrane toll-like receptors 168
Transplant 612
recipients 701, 703
Travelers diarrhea 6
vaccine 570
Travelers, immunization for 697
Traveling vaccinators 12
Tripolyphosphate 675
Trivalent oral polio virus vaccine 209f
safety of 210
Trumenba 473
Tuberculosis 6, 64, 67, 136, 167, 187, 618, 666, 737
cases, notification of 68
infection, latent 187
prevention trials 13
surveillance of 68
vaccines 187
Tumor microenvironment 552
Tumor necrosis factor 619
alpha 49, 176, 674
antagonists 336
inhibitors 708
Ty21a vaccine 406t
Typhoid 90, 103, 129, 516, 545, 698, 733, 840
bacilli 400
conjugate vaccine 81, 397, 410, 411, 840
diagnostics 397
epidemiology 397
fever 397, 398, 400402, 402t, 403t, 412, 516, 737
causes of 399
diagnosis 401
estimated global disease burden of 398f
traveler's risk of 741
vaccine 397, 741
vaccines, new-generation 405t
incidence 407f, 408f
Mary 398
surveillance 402
treatment 397
vaccine 397, 408, 714, 715, 784
acceleration consortium 410
Typhus 516
U
Unbound toxin, neutralization of 241
Uniform Immunization Schedule 812
United Nations Children's Fund 16, 188, 335, 370, 746, 780, 800, 803, 841
United Nations Development Program 747
United Nations Environmental Program 772
United Nations Fund 370
United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund 411, 767
United Nations Millennium Development Goals 284
United States Food and Drug Administration 58, 290
Universal Health Coverage 29
Universal Immunization Program 9, 16, 18b, 19t, 79, 106, 123t, 195, 211, 233, 242, 284, 348, 375, 483, 745, 746, 774, 776f, 783, 799, 803
evolution of 18t
new antigens in 27
newer vaccines in 753
schedule 837
Universal Mass Vaccination 290
Universal Pertussis Vaccinations 249
Upper respiratory
infection 650
tract illness 231, 639
Uveitis, anterior 627
V
Vaccination 11, 12, 88, 100, 217, 687, 702, 757, 783, 798, 829
adolescent 219
aim of 59
before departure, timing for 740
behavior continuum 147f
document 738
during pregnancy 75
epidemiological effects of 305, 352, 364, 629
for travelers, required 740
historical background of 784
maternal 271
misinformation about 128
missed opportunity for 336, 372
negative effects of 103
purpose of 217
rationale behind 269
schedule 329, 331333, 736
strategies for travelers 735
timing of 736
travel 515
value of 783
Vaccine 4, 31, 84, 116, 128, 299, 334, 338, 341, 351, 362, 511, 521, 542, 568, 569, 571, 574, 576, 606, 617, 626, 632, 650, 689, 704, 708, 724, 753f, 783, 798, 824, 829
adhesin-based 574
and logistics, managing 125
antigen 35f, 49
dose of 49
nature of 48
anti-idiotype 554
associated virus, transmission of 424
attenuated 628
blood stage 533, 534t
bonds 770
campaigns 785
candidate 409, 629t
carrier 124, 124f
packing of 125
characteristics 57, 778
choice of 268
communication 140
new methods in 140
reframing of 151
composition of 602
cost of 821
coverage, descriptive analysis of 786
decade of 765
delivery
and immune response, method of 667
methods, alternative 666
development 650, 651, 757, 758
and vaccine formulations, history of 187, 350, 628
history of 361
new technologies in 654
newer approaches in 602
stages of 759t
discovery 655
effectiveness 58, 318, 337, 455
strain-specific 337
efficacy 45, 47, 58, 330, 444, 778
estimates 487t
enteric 567
failure 58, 211
primary 58
reasons for 219
first dose of 79
for travelers 737t
formulations 443
freeze-dried 188, 493
freeze-sensitive 121
freeze-tolerant 121
hesitancy 28, 140f, 146, 147, 149t, 150f, 154, 372
communication 151b
determinants of 148
factors influencing 149f
missed opportunity and 372
spectrum 147f
understanding 147
history of 3
immunogenicity 57
and efficacy 317
immunology 31
in ice-lined refrigerators, storage of 125
inactivated 461, 523, 613, 628, 703
candidate 614
incidence guidelines 830
indirect effect of 305
induced immunity 50
mediators of 46
industry 747, 757, 758
current status 747
interactions 84
intramuscular 672
killed 336
knowledge project 843
liquid 188
live
attenuated 455, 575, 576, 612, 619, 620, 663
recombinant 7, 487, 617, 619, 620, 620t
logistics 26
manufacturing of 757, 760
steps in 761
measles-containing 86, 354, 355, 365, 731
monomeric 584
multimeric 584
multipeptide 553
multiple 736
new 17
new-generation 405
open vial policy 134
policy 748, 774
scope of 749
polio viruses 203, 204, 209
pre-erythrocyte 529, 531, 533t
presentation 781
pressure 267
preventable disease 16, 64, 78, 128, 129, 129t, 146, 153, 164, 284, 448, 703, 748, 753, 798, 829, 830
monitoring system 239t
samples collection of 68
surveillance 64
surveillance, steps for establishing 66
surveillance, types of 65
pricing strategies 760
prioritizing of 712, 751
production and distribution 117
protein-based 554
purified formalin inactivated 636
quadrivalent 380, 461
reactions, minor 106t
recombinant 656
recommendations 733
refrigerator
maintenance of 119t, 122
recognize individual 121
research and development 750
responses
cell mediated 49
suboptimal for 87
risk communication 137
routine childhood 33t
safety 128, 130, 602
and quality 779
evaluation of 179f
misconceptions about 136
misinformation about 136
net members 842
network 135
of combination 4
post-licensure evaluation of 132
prelicensure evaluation of 130
scheduling of 78
security 781
sensitivities of 118f
heat and cold 118t
shedding 330
single-dose 669
soluble pentameric 614
storage 125f
and handling 428
pattern 122f
protocol for 135
strain 203, 329, 331333
substrains of 188
subunit 617, 619, 620
candidate 578
synthetic 617, 619, 621
peptide 656
technologies, range of 522
testing, stages of 131t
transmission-blocking 529
transportation of 117f
travel 733
trials 130
phases of 130
true adolescent 712
type of 48, 82, 96, 173t, 505
under research 634
use of 411
vector-based 555, 613
vial monitor 117, 123, 124f, 134
reading stages of 123
viral vectored 657
virus transmission 488
whole inactivated 617, 619, 620
Vaccinia virus 620
Ankara, modified 519, 540, 585, 596
Vaccinology 43, 54
reverse 660
Vagina 442
Vapocoolant 72
Varicella 34, 83, 129, 173, 732, 737, 840
breakthrough 421
containing vaccines 421
disease 425
serious 422
epidemiology of 422
history of 426
infection 423
syndrome, congenital 424
vaccination 427
contraindications for 424
vaccine 421425, 547, 690, 702, 707, 713, 715
cost-benefit of 422
effect of 422
effectiveness of 421
efficacy of 420
single-antigen 426
virus, strains of 425
Varicella-zoster virus 99, 419, 431, 433f
diagnosis of 431
glycoprotein E 436
immunoglobulin 423, 700
infected cells 436
infections, treatment of 432
specific immune responses 434f
vaccine 419, 420
Variolae vaccinae 11
Vector-borne diseases 522
Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever 516
Ventriculomegaly 633
Vero cell 656
culture, inactivated 489, 491
Vesicular stomatitis virus 538
Vibrio cholerae 510, 511, 567, 570573
Vietnam's program 407
Viral antigens 552
Viral disease 515
dangerous 515
Viral fever, hemorrhagic 516
Viral pathology, reduced 8
Viral vaccines, live 82f, 421, 626, 695
Viral vector 521, 617, 657
new 622
Viremia, mild 517
Virology 6, 536, 618
Virosomes 175
Virus 215
alpha 620
evolution 343
like particles 582, 585, 590, 593, 597, 601, 617, 619, 620, 626, 629, 656, 672
neutralizing antibodies 486
purified inactivated 521, 522
serotype of 361, 522
shedding and transmission 206
vaccine 617
Viscerotropic disease 518
Vitamin A 20, 837
supplementation 747, 747t
Vulva 442
W
Walter Reed Army Institute of Research 575, 636
Waning immunity 249
Waste
disposal 135
type of 135
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome 468
Water-in-oil emulsions 175
West-Nile fever virus 515
White blood cell 294
Whole-cell 572
cancer vaccines 553
heat-killed 510
monovalent vaccine 572
only vaccine, modified killed 572
oral cholera vaccine, killed 512
priming 264
recombinant B 572
vaccine 257t, 260t
inactivated 405
killed oral 741
Whole-cell pertussis 266t, 288, 542, 706
toxoids 232
vaccination 264
vaccine 249, 253, 254, 266, 266t, 702
Wild polio virus 162, 163f, 194, 203, 204, 772
infection 197
frequency of 200t
type 2 17
Wild virus, recombinants with 613
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 51, 336
World Health Assembly 15, 19, 156, 204
World Health Organization 15, 17, 19, 60, 78, 129, 187, 203, 238, 294, 356, 364f, 382, 402, 442, 484, 517, 521, 537, 570, 600, 608, 645, 689, 702, 722, 729, 746, 762, 765, 774, 784, 799, 803, 825, 829, 830, 841, 843
Wound
management 243, 290t, 502
local 241
prophylaxis 291
setting of 270
suturing of 503
wash 501
Y
Yeast, proteins expressed in 603
Yellow fever 85, 129, 173, 494, 515517, 519, 520, 692, 699, 724, 733, 737, 740
infections 516
transmission of 515, 516, 518
traveler's risk of 740
vaccine 84, 515, 518, 740, 770
strains of 519
virus 515, 517, 519
vaccine 524
Z
Zanamivir 453
Zika virus 632
emergence of 479
live-attenuated 636
spread of 633f
structure of 632, 633f
transmission of 632
vaccine 632, 636
pipeline 635t
trials 634t
Zonula occludens toxin 512
Zoonosis, biology of 448
Zoonotic disease 501
Zoster vaccine 427, 428, 431, 439
administration of 433
analysis of 439
clinical trial of 428
efficacy 434, 435t
for herpes zoster 435t
live 431, 433, 436
persistence of efficacy of 435
recombinant 431, 436, 438
single dose of 428
societal value of 439
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