IAP Textbook of Pediatric and Neonatal Emergencies Santosh T Soans, Nitin Chawla
INDEX
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table.
A
Aagenaes syndrome 204
Abacavir 700
Abdomen
acute 315, 318, 321t, 322, 323t, 357, 483
inspection of 417
Abdominal distension 483, 485
Abscess 322
deep neck 515
formation 488
intra-abdominal 318
lateral pharyngeal 182
pancreatic 490
peritonsillar 129, 182, 185f
pneumonia 512
pulmonary 512
retropharyngeal 134, 182
subdiaphragmatic 318
Absolute neutrophil count 377
Academia, presence of 202
Acclimatization 549
Acenocaumarol 677
Acetaminophen 556, 558, 559
Acetazolamide 281
Acetone 557
Acetonitrile 558
Acetylcholinesterase 596, 603
Acetylsalicylic acid 566, 665
Achalasia 408
Acid
base
disorder 196, 196b, 197, 197t, 381, 382, 385
disturbances 194, 198
equation 196
physiology, disorders of 194
state, estimation of 196
status 564, 568
variables, measurement of 196
compensation 195
elimination 195
peptic disease 332
suppression therapy 335
Acidemia 443
chronic 198
organic 383
Acidosis 160, 399, 440, 616, 634
aim of correction of 199
hyperchloremic 399, 400
intractable 217
Acinetobacter 422
Activated charcoal 444, 557, 579, 586, 593
multiple doses of 581
Activated clotting time 605
Activated partial thromboplastin 605, 607
time 342, 356, 468, 470, 595
Acute ataxia 282, 283, 283t, 284t
causes of 283b
evaluation of 282
Acute bronchiolitis 76, 145, 148
management of 148b
Acute compartment syndrome 516
Acute dialysis quality initiative 189
Acute extrapyramidal syndromes 588, 589
Acute respiratory distress syndrome 61, 71, 73, 79, 160, 167, 201, 311, 537, 594, 614, 636
Acyclovir 225, 698
Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase
medium chain 386
very long-chain 384
Adefovir dipivoxil 698
Adenine arabinoside 698
Adenosine 11, 667
triphosphate 593
synthesis of 612
Adenovirus 182, 183, 326
Adrenal hypoplasia, congenital 403
Adrenal insufficiency 243, 345, 403, 406, 407, 413
acute 404
causes of 407, 408t
chronic 405
primary 404
secondary 404
Adrenal medulla 215
Adrenaline 702
Adrenocorticotropic hormone 284, 404, 465
Adrenoleukodystrophy 408
Adult acute liver failure study group 338
Advanced life support 36, 107, 545
Adventitious sounds 417
Adverse drug reactions 332
Aedes aegypti 392
Aerosolized hypertonic saline inhalation 149
Agitation 587, 602
Agranulocytosis 574
Air
ambulance 476f
emboli 443
embolization of 626
oxygen blender 68
transport 479
trapping 137, 178
Airway 39, 61, 70, 82, 165, 205, 344, 478, 553, 606
adjuncts 50, 132t
anomalies
extrinsic 138
intrinsic 138
control 13
extrathoracic 69, 129f
foreign body 178, 179, 181
pathophysiology of 178
history 57
management 47, 50t, 131, 656
obstruction 137, 512
pressure, mean 74, 87, 88, 111, 345, 636
stabilize 288
ventilation 13
Akinesia 276
Akinetic mutism 286
Alacrima 408
Alagille syndrome 304
Alanine
aminotransferase 383, 385, 546, 604
transaminase 342, 356, 561, 563, 582
Albendazole 685
Albumin 437
infusion 444
Albuterol 11
Alcohol 555, 556, 558
swab 625
Aldolase 384
Alkalemia, correction of 203
Alkali
denaturation test 473
injury 505
syndrome, milk 200
therapy 199
Alkalosis 634
Allen test, modified 632, 632f
Allergies 57, 145, 182, 204
Allgrove syndrome 408
Alpha-adrenergic agonists 548
Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde 381
Alpha-naphthyl thiourea 592
Alport syndrome 210, 371
Alprostadil 11
Aluminum phosphide 592, 593
Alveolar arterial oxygen gradient, calculation of 202
Alveolar capillary membrane 70
Alveolar dead space 162
Alveolar gas
equation 162
exchange 61, 70
Alveolar oxygen 61, 70
Alveolar ventilation 162, 202
Amantadine 225
hydrochloride 698
Amblyopia, risk of 503
Ambu bag 263
Ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, chronic 219, 223
Amebic infestations 324
American Academy of Family Physicians 184
American Academy of Pediatrics 119, 184, 439
American College of Physicians 184
American Heart Association 37, 184
Amikacin 225, 696
sulfate 669
Amiloride 690
Amino acid 438
Aminoacidopathies 248
Aminoglycosides 191
Aminophylline 11, 126, 142, 702
role of 142
Aminotransferases 384
Amiodarone 11, 103, 668
Amitriptyline 271, 556
Amlodipine 690
Ammonia salvage 346
Amniotic fluid 416
Amniotic membrane graft 505f
Amoxicillin 187, 674
Amphetamines 555
Amphotericin B 191, 684
Ampicillin 674
sodium trihydrate 674
Amygdalin 558
Anal sphincter tone 569
Analgesia 569
Analgesics 559
Anaphylactic reaction 574
Anaphylactoid
presentations 619
reaction 574
Anaphylaxis 121, 138, 610, 619
clinical manifestation of 123t
diagnosis of 619b
early symptoms of 621b
emergency action plan 124
food-induced 619, 620
management of 125fc
mechanism of 122fc
prevention of 620
Anasarca 109, 203
Ancillary treatment 608
Anemia 112, 202, 361, 370, 615
aplastic 374, 574
autoimmune hemolytic 371, 373, 374
differential diagnosis of 372t
hemolytic 373, 440, 574
intrinsic hemolytic 373
severe 203
Anesthetics 201
Aneurysm 305
aortic 317
Angioedema 60, 134, 574
Angiography, conventional 334
Angiomas, cutaneous 301
Angiopathy, hypertensive 301
Angiotensin 89
converting enzyme 78, 111, 115, 126, 213, 574
inhibitor 191, 450
receptor blockers 115, 215
Anion gap 196198, 556
acidosis, low 198
Anisakis simplex 618
Ankle fractures 521
Anopheles mosquito carrying plasmodium 392
Anorexia 367, 407, 570
Anoxic ischemic injury 534
Antecubital fossa 625
Anterior cruciate ligament 518f, 519f
tears, management of 519
Anthropometry 204
Antiarrhythmic agents 667
Antibiotic 11, 143, 149, 336, 419
agents 669
choice of 172, 173t
therapy
empiric administration of 388
prolonged 330
treatment 172
Antibody, hyperimmune polyclonal 150
Anticardiolipin antibody 284
Anticholinergics 142, 555
syndrome 589
Anticoagulant 677
rodenticide 594
long-acting 595
Anticoagulation therapy 308
Anti-complement drugs 193
Anticonvulsants 272, 281, 555, 556, 577, 678
Antidiuretic hormone 241
reduced 569
release, nonosmotic control of 192
secretion of 241
Antidopaminergic drugs 270
Antidotal therapy 579
Antidotes 11, 558, 572, 601, 602
types of 558t
Antidystonia medication 281
use of 281
Antiemetics 330, 682
Antiepileptic drugs 262, 264
trail of 275
Anti-factor H antibodies 193
Antifungal agents 684
Antiglomerular basement antibody 210
Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase 257
Antihelminthics 685
Antihistamine 555, 583
drug 208
sedating 583, 584
Antihistaminic 92, 124, 686
Antihypertensives 11, 206, 215, 271, 690
Anti-infective agents 12
Anti-inflammatory therapy 140
Antimalarials 555, 693
Antimicrobial 225
therapy
and source control 90
role of 329
Antimyasthenic agents 693
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody 210
Anti-NMDAR encephalitis, management of 276fc
Antinuclear antibody 205, 210, 257, 342
Antiphospholipid antibody 284
syndrome 357
Antiplatelet antibody 469
Antipsychotic 276, 548
drugs 587
toxicity, atypical 588
Anti-Rh D immunoglobulin 695
Antiseizure drugs 247, 251t, 254
Anti-smooth muscle antibody 342
Anti-snake venom 606, 695
Antispasmodics 694
Antistreptolysin O 210
Antitoxins 695
Antitubercular drugs 232, 696
side effect of 291
Antitussive 569
Antivenins 12
Antivenom
indication for 607
reactions 607
Antiviral 150
agents 698
Anti-voltage-gated potassium channels 257
Anxiety 81, 497, 570
Aorta 413
malposition of 429
Aortic arch interruption 115, 425
Aortic dissection 156
Aortic stenosis, critical 425
Aortic valve insufficiency 116
Aphasia 300
Aplastic crisis 375
Apnea 75
testing 296, 298
procedure for 298fc
Appendicitis 318, 327
acute 324
computed tomography of 489f
obstructive 318
Appendix 488
clinical features 488
diagnosis 488
infective 489
management 489
Aquaporin-4 channels 243
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum 184
Arrhythmias 95, 111, 112, 117, 156, 424, 431, 443, 632
cardiac 534, 586, 593, 594, 596
centricular 203
supraventricular 203, 531
ventricular 531
Arsenic 555, 592
Artemether 693
Arterial blood
gas 52, 68, 101, 113, 131, 141, 162, 383, 389, 424, 425, 477, 571, 581, 601, 622, 636
parameters 163t
oxygen saturation 534
Arterial carbon dioxide, partial pressure of 534
Arterial circulatory support 478
Arterial dissection 304
Arterial oxygen
partial pressure of 535
saturation 74
tension 74
Arterial pressure 220
Arterial puncture 632, 633f
Arteriovenous malformations 305
Artery, femoral 632
Artesunate 693
Arthralgias 192
Arthritis 192
classical reactive 355
reactive 354
Artificial manual breathing unit 180
Ascariasis 320
Aspartate aminotransferase 383, 385, 546, 604
Aspartate transaminase 342, 356, 582
Aspergillus 509
Asphyxia 75, 110, 416, 431, 438, 440
Aspiration 129, 178
syndromes 138
Astemizole 686
Asthma 138, 145, 156, 166
acute 76, 123, 137, 140, 141fc
evidence of 154
exacerbation 574
history of 145
prevalence of 137
severe 137, 143, 201
exacerbations of 140
treatment of 137
Asthmatic exacerbation, severe 137
Ataxia 300
Atelectasis 71, 160
Atenolol 559, 690
Atherosclerosis 212
Atmospheric pressure 61, 70
Atracurium 11, 58
Atresias 320
Atrial fibrillation 404
Atrial flutter 98, 99, 100f, 113
Atrial natriuretic peptide 243
Atrial septal defect 96
Atrioventricular blocks 96
types of 97t
Atrioventricular septal defect 426
Atropine 58, 126, 143, 569, 579, 598
sulfate 11, 668
Audible wheeze 75
Auditory canal, external 509
Auscultation 164, 317, 416, 417
Autistic spectrum disorders 553
Autoimmune 277
disease 615
encephalitis 277, 280
prototype of 276fc
neuropsychiatric disorder 274
thrombocytopenia, neonatal 470, 471
Automated external defibrillator 36, 38, 77, 105107
Autonomic dysfunction 604
Autonomic nervous system 596
disorder 531
Azatadine maleate 686
Azathioprine 489
Azithromycin 12, 187, 674
Azotemia 615
Aztreonam 676
B
Bacillus cereus 618
Bacillus subtilis 444
Baclofen, dose of 280
Bacterial tracheitis 134
management of 134
Bag-mask ventilation 50, 52, 53t, 57, 60
Balloon
atrial septostomy 115
tamponade 336
Bambuterol 702
Bar code 645
sign 645
Barbiturate coma 256
Barry-Albright dystonia scale 281
Bartter syndrome 200
diagnosis of 201
Basal ganglia, nuclei of 438
Basal metabolic rate 586
Basic life support 37, 47, 545, 650
Beclomethasone diproprionate 702
Bee sting 609
Beer-Lambert law 635
equation 635
Behcet's disease 356
Benzodiazepine 262, 280
administration 254
Beriberi 112
Bernard-Soulier syndrome 371, 471
Beta-agonist 11
intravenous 142
therapy 143
Beta-blocker 96, 585
toxicity 558
Betadine 221, 222
Beta-lactams 224
Bicarbonate
renal reabsorption of 200
therapy 91
Bifidobacterium 444
Biliary disease 318
Biliary duct, ultrasound of 491f
Biliary tract
disorders 490
pressure 569
Bilirubin 384
encephalopathy 437, 438
metabolism 433, 433f
neurotoxicity, potential mechanisms for 438
transport 434
Biogenic amines 609
Birth asphyxia 191
Bispectral index 312, 342
Bladder
catheterization 497
injuries 498
scanner 647
Bleeding
causes of 468, 469t
disorders, inherited 472
gastrointestinal 376
neonate 468, 470fc
acute management of 468
Blood
abnormalities of 364
brain barrier 564
culture 175, 425
dyscrasias 510
exchange transfusion 442, 443t
flow 79, 86, 202
capillary 71
velocity 311
gas 6, 417, 465
analysis 396, 556, 575
determination of 257
measurements 195
glomerular origin of 211
glucose 383, 389, 610
levels 566
measurements 456
monitoring 458
test strips 12
investigations 303, 334
lead level 372
nonglomerular origin of 211
nonoxygenation of 72f
oxygen
content of 412
transport in 61, 71
oxygenation of 72f
pressure 8, 41, 43, 44, 57, 77, 79fc, 80, 87, 103, 121, 204, 211, 244, 250, 324, 403, 410, 425, 438, 443, 478
classification of 211t
diastolic 80, 211
diligent monitoring of 215
elevated 213
fifth centile of 84t
products 90, 217, 442
stagnation, progressive 81
transfusion 340, 420
urea nitrogen 112, 328, 377, 383, 384, 396, 546, 581
vessel 653
state of 638
volume 442
expansion 430
warmer temperature 443
Bloodstream infections, catheter related 630
Blunt trauma 505
Body mass index, high 213, 548
Body surface area 88, 116, 225
Bone
cystic 628
infarction 374
marrow hematopoiesis 370fc
Boric acid 555
Botulinum toxin 275
Bowel perforation 630
Boxer fracture 517
Bradycardia 43t, 95, 96t, 97t, 115, 416, 431, 443, 555, 569, 596
episode of 256
pediatric 98, 99fc
primary 96
secondary 96
Bradydysrhythmias, symptomatic 579
Bradykinesia 276
Bradypnea 75, 168
Brain
death 286, 295
evaluation 296
dysfunctions 42
herniation 361
hypoxia, duration of 312
malformations, structural 263
stimulation, deep 275, 281
tissue oxygen 312
tension 312
Brainstem 70
assessment 44
reflexes, loss of 297
Branch retinal artery occlusions 292
Breath sounds 75
absent 137
symmetry of 417
Breathing 39, 82, 205, 260, 315, 536, 553, 606
artificial 478
assessment of 164
control of 160
disordered control of 77
normal control of 162
work of 40, 41
Breathlessness 137, 204
Brenner's hypothesis 450
Brompheniramine 584
Bronchi 138
Bronchial obstruction, degree of 178
Bronchiolitis 77, 138, 144, 166, 173
management of 149
prevention of 150
scoring system 146t
severe 147b, 150
treatment of 148
Bronchitis, chronic 73
Bronchoalveolar canals of Lambert 161
Bronchoconstriction 604
Bronchodilators 149, 702
appropriate use of 202
Bronchoscopy 180, 180f
rigid 177, 179
Bronchospasm 610
Bronze baby syndrome 441
Bubble continuous positive airway pressure 66
Buccolingual movements 259
Buckle fractures 521
Budd-Chiari syndrome 332
Budesonide 702
nebulization 133
Burn 60, 138
electric 529
Butorphanol 568
Butyrylcholinesterase 596
C
Caffeine 556
Calcineurin inhibitors 191
Calcium 546, 585
bony resorption of 198
channel
abnormalities 248
blocker 9698, 377, 558
chloride 11
disodium edetate 373
gluconate-cardiac stabilizer 193
phosphate crystals, precipitation of 366
Calcivirus 326
Calculi 211
Campylobacter enteritis 616, 617
Campylobacter jejuni 616
Candida 509
albicans 368
Candidiasis 528
Capillary oxygen saturation, peripheral 637
Capillary refill time 43, 80, 87, 108
Capreomycin 696
Captopril 115, 233, 690
Carbamazepine 233, 275, 678
Carbenicillin 675
Carbohydrate metabolism, disorders of 383
Carbon
dioxide 160
end tidal 342, 477
formation 564
low arterial partial pressure of 382
narcosis 202
partial pressure of 196
monoxide 265, 555, 556
tetrachloride 558
Carbonic acid 195
Carboxyhemoglobin 265, 636, 637
Carboxypeptidase 122
Cardiac arrest 98, 104, 105fc, 109, 168, 431
Cardiac disease 198, 425
congenital 424, 430
Cardiac dysfunction 212
Cardiac emergencies, neonatal 424
Cardiac failure 169, 323
congestive 114, 165, 426, 430, 660
Cardiac index 88
Cardiac issues 596
Cardiac output 79fc, 411
Cardiac pacemaker 301
Cardiac resynchronization therapy 116
Cardiac signs 555, 555t
Cardiac tamponade 92, 361
Cardiomyopathy 100, 117, 157
hypertrophic 105, 154
Cardiopulmonary
arrest 196
failure 165
management 538
manifestations 358
monitor 12
resuscitation, resume 107
Cardiovascular
collapse 424, 425, 534
function 280
support 344
system 86, 211, 215, 410, 554, 584
Cardioverter-defibrillators, implantable 116
Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 384
Carotid artery 159
internal 304
Cartilaginous tissue, lack of 129
Carvedilol 115
Caspofungin 684
Cataracts
bilateral 290, 503
congenital 502, 503f
Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome 357
Catecholamine 585
metabolism 215
Catheter 630
pediatric 222
removal 631
size of 222
Catheterization, cardiac 113
Cauda equina 362
Causalgia 531
Cavernoma 305
Cefaclor 226, 670
Cefadroxil 187, 226, 670
Cefazolin 226
sodium 670
Cefdinir 670
Cefepime 226, 671
Cefixime 12, 226, 671
Cefoperazone 226, 671
Cefotaxime 226
sodium 671
Cefotetan 226
Cefoxitin 227
Cefpirome 671
Cefpodoxime 227
proxetil 671
Cefprozil 227, 671
Ceftazidime 227, 672
Ceftibuten 672
Ceftizoxime 672
Ceftriaxone 227
sodium 672
Cefuroxime 227
axetil 672
Celiac disease 326
Cell buffers 201
Cellular oxygen extraction 62, 72
Cellular toxicology 577
Cellulitis 204, 322
proptosis suggestive of 507f
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 184
Central nervous system 73, 98, 160, 165, 168, 211, 241, 283, 362, 377, 424, 463, 531, 554, 564, 566, 569, 580, 582, 593, 596, 601
disorder 299
dysfunction 531
effects 534, 564
irreversible 534
signs 555, 556t
toxicity 575
tumor 510
Central neurological symptoms 531
Central vascular access 625
Central venous
access 628
catheter 631
oxygen saturation 628
pressure 56, 87, 88, 114, 192, 242, 244, 628
Central ventilation failure 77
Centruroides exilicauda 603
Cephalexin 187, 227, 672
Cephalosporin 224
first generation 223
Cerebellitis, postinfectious 284
Cerebral
arteriopathies, transient 304
artery
anterior 300
middle 300, 304, 311
proximal anterior 304
blood flow 310, 311, 346
edema 338, 345b, 346, 399
function monitoring 263
ischemia 214
malaria 391
malformation 264
perfusion 82, 214
pressure 311, 344
salt wasting 241, 243, 244
syndrome 245
sinovenous thrombosis 299, 306, 307f
causes of 307b
state index 312
Cerebrospinal fluid 86, 162, 249, 283, 288, 295, 310, 383, 393
shunting of 243
Cerebrum 70
Cervical spine 537
deformity 656
immobilize 532
motion 653, 654
stabilization of 653, 654
Cetirizine 233, 584
dihydrochloride 686
Chelation 622
Chemical injury 505
Chemotherapeutic agents 669
Chemotherapy 365
Chest
auscultation of 40, 146
barrel shaped 417
compression 98, 119
computed tomographic image of 363f
indrawing 170
inspection of 417
pain 153156, 157fc, 158, 159
acute 153
causes of 154t
chronic 156
intermittent 158
symptoms of 156
physiotherapy 149
radiograph 154f, 155f
retractions 69, 417
syndrome, acute 374
tightness 137
tube 645
wall 70, 161
deformities 154
movements 40
X-ray 92, 179, 179f, 318, 417, 424
Chiasma pathways 290
Child sexual abuse 4
treatment of 4
victims of 4
Chlamydia 355, 502
pneumoniae 170, 182
trachomatis 12, 502
Chloramphenicol 676
Chlorhexidine 629
Chloride 200
channel disorders 248
intake, low 200
resistant 201
alkalosis 200
responsive alkalosis 200
unresponsive metabolic alkalosis 200
Chlorophenoxy herbicides 559
Chloroquine 233
phosphate 693
Chlorothiazide 234
Chlorphenamine, dose of 610t
Chlorpheniramine maleate 686
Chlorpromazine 682
Chlorpropamide 559
Choanal atresia 75, 131, 512
Choking 48fc
Cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde 323
Cholecystectomy 492f
Cholecystitis 318
acalculous 491
acute 323
Choledochal cyst 491, 492f
classification of 491
Cholelithiasis 323
Cholera 327
Cholestyramine 331
polyvinyl pyrolidine 444
Cholinergic 555
signs 596
toxicity 598
Chorea 274
Choroidal rupture 505
Chronic disease 207, 303
Chronic liver failure-sequential organ failure score 343
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 74, 160, 170, 201
Chronic postkernicteric bilirubin encephalopathy 438
Chylothorax 645
Chymase 122
Ciclosonide 702
Cilastatin 229, 675
Cimetidine 234
Ciprofloxacin 227, 673
Circulation 39, 205, 553, 606
Circulatory failure 79, 95, 545
Citric acid cycle function 438
Clarithromycin 187, 228, 674, 696
Clavicular fractures 516
Clavulanic acid 674
Cleft
lip 526
palate 526
Clemastine fumarate 687
Clindamycin 187
hydrochloride 673
Clinical Asthma Severity Score 139t
Clobazam 234, 678
Clofibrate 444
Clonazepam 234, 678
Clonidine hydrochloride 690
Clostridium
botulinum 617
difficile infection 327
Cloxacillin 675
Clozapine 276
Coagulation disorders 305
Coagulopathy 443, 560, 628
co-existent 218
Cocaine 555
Codeine 281, 568
phosphate 665
Cold
caloric test 297, 297fc
extremities 88
water
drowning 109
injury and diving reflex 535
Colicky pain 323
continuous 321
Colistin 228
sulfate 676
Collar worsen neurologic symptoms 654
Coma 345, 364, 381, 438, 569, 574
etiology of 287t
irreversible 296
mimicker of 286
Comatose 289t
Compartment syndrome 606, 626, 628
risk of 522
Complete blood count 6, 75, 112, 193, 328, 375, 383, 389, 546, 566, 575, 581, 600, 605
Conduction 544
Conjunctivitis 146, 504
acute 504f
Connective tissue disorders 304
features of 205
Consanguinity, history of 260
Consciousness
chronic disorders of 286t
disorders of 285
impairment of 285
loss of 534
neural correlates of 285
significant alteration of 270
Constipation 323
Continuous positive airway pressure 41, 45, 65, 67, 73, 77, 82, 119121, 148, 149, 419, 477, 478, 568
devices 419
failure 419
titration 419
Continuous renal replacement therapy 217, 218, 220, 224, 452
complications of 221
early initiation of 346
Copper metabolism, disorders of 386
Corneal laceration 506f
Corneal opacity
congenital 502
unilateral 503f
Corneal reflexes, absent 297
Corona virus 182
Coronary artery
anomalies 156
anomalous origin of left 110
disease 153
Cortical dysplasia, focal 260
Corticosteroids 133, 140, 149, 268, 257, 357
plus epinephrine 149
Corynebacterium diphtheriae 514
Coryza 172
Costochondritis 154
Cotrimoxazole 228
Cough 170, 179
croupy 75
Coxsackieviruses 184, 489
Crampy pain, diffuse 316
Cranial nerve
dysfunction 603
palsy 400
Craniocervical dissection 304
Craniofacial anomalies 526
Cranium, disorder of 265
C-reactive protein 86, 327, 354, 520
Creatine
kinase 342, 384, 546, 605, 611
metabolism, disorders of 386
phosphokinase 342, 532, 546
Creatinine 566
clearance
reduced 191
total 225
Cremasteric reflex 496, 496f
Cricoid pressure 57, 135
Cricothyroid membrane, anatomy of 59f
Cricothyrotomy 654, 655
Crigler-Najjar syndrome 445
Critical intensive care unit 191
Croup 166, 173
management of 133
Cryoprecipitate transfusion 473
C-type natriuretic peptide 243
Cuff Tenckhoff catheter 221
Cuffed silicone catheters 218
Cushing syndrome 200
Cyanide 555, 558
Cyanosis 147, 416, 417, 424, 427, 428
cardiac 424t
central 418
presence of 86
Cyanotic facies 361
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate 142, 585
synthesis 438
Cyclooxygenase 563
Cyclophosphamide 208, 234, 275
Cycloserine 615, 696
Cyclosporine A 234
Cyproheptadine 271, 584
hydrochloride 687
Cystic fibrosis 172, 490
Cystitis
acute 497
eosinophilic 208
hemorrhagic 208
Cystoid macular edema 356
Cystoscopy 211
Cysts, duplication 324
Cytochromes 434
Cytokines 146
Cytomegalovirus 170, 182, 342, 371, 408, 469, 502
Cytosolic calcium levels 438
D
Dactylitis 374
Datura
poisoning 601
stramonium 601
D-dimer 92
Dead space ventilation 72f
Deafness 565
Deciduous teeth 525
Decontamination, gastrointestinal 567, 575, 582, 590
Deep vein thrombosis 630
Deep venous obstruction 204
Deferoxamine 556, 611, 613
Defibrillation, technique for 108b
Defibrillator 103, 103f
Degenerative disorders 274
Dehydration 325, 395
assessment of 326
degree of 327t
hypernatremic 330t
hyponatremic 330t
isonatremic 329t
management of 325, 328fc
Dehydrogenase deficiency 381
Delirium 574, 587, 602, 605
Demyelinating disorders 300
Demyelination 531
Dengue 391, 392
fever 391
Dental
mirror 13
pain 525
trauma 525
Deoxygenation, arterial 344
Dermatomyositis, juvenile 358
Desensitization 125
Desflurane 256
Desloratadine 234, 584, 687
Desmopressin 245
Dexamethasone 234
single dose of 133
Dexchlorpheniramine 584
Dextromethorphan 555, 556
Dextropropoxyphene hydrochloride 665
Dextrose infusion, concentration of 466t
Diabetes 118, 322
insipidus 241, 245, 298
central 245
mellitus 120, 197, 394
insulin dependent 455
Dialysate fluid 222
Dialysis
dependent pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis 193
modality, choice of 218
Dialytic therapy, desired goal of 218
Dialyzers 220
Diaphoresis 566, 604
Diaphragmatic pleurisy 321, 322
Diarrhea 197, 199, 315, 323, 484, 570
acute 325, 326b, 328fc, 330
bloody 330
chronic 204
hospital acquired 327
persistent 326
prolonged 326
Diazepam 11, 251, 262, 679
Diazoxide 465, 691
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane 592
Diclofenac sodium 665
Dicyclomine hydrochloride 694
Didanosine 700
Diethylcarbamazine citrate 685
Digital subtraction angiography 303
Digoxin 11, 116, 235
Dihydroergotamine 270, 272
Dihydropyridines 215
Dilutional hyponatremia 192
Dimenhydrinate 682
Dimercaptopropane sulfonate 622, 623
Dimercaptosuccinic acid 373
Dimethindene maleate 687
Diphenhydramine 92, 126, 584
hydrochloride 687
Diphenoxylate 568, 569
Diphosphoglycerate 635
Diphtheria 182184
antitoxin 695
management 186
obstructing airway, pseudomembrane of 185f
Diphyllobothriasis 618
Diphyllobothrium species 618
Diplopia 300
Disk batteries, ingestion of 557
Disopyramide 235
phosphate 668
Disseminated intravascular coagulation 79, 85, 206, 371, 391, 420, 450, 468, 470, 472
Disulfiram 555
Diuretics 548
Diverticulum, laparotomy of 488f
Dizziness 154, 264, 545, 565, 574
Dobutamine 11, 116, 235, 414
Doll's eyes maneuver 297, 298f
Domperidone 682
Dopamine 11, 116, 126, 414
agonist 281
Dopaminergic medications 275
Doppler ultrasound 210
Dorsalis pedis 632
Double volume exchange transfusion 442, 462
Downe's score 163, 417, 417t, 419
Doxofylline 702
Doxycycline 268, 676
Doxylamine 584
D-pencillamine 444
Drain placement 174
Drainage
bag 639, 641
system 641
Dropsy 109
Drotaverine hydrochloride 694
Drowning
management for 537t
pulmonary assessment for 538fc
risk factors for 533
Drowsiness 364
Drug
ingestion 274
intoxication 202
maternal 469
oral hypoglycemic 462
pharmacodynamic therapeutic 224
quantitative 556t
therapy, intravenous 633
vasoactive 335
vasopressor 414t
Ductus arteriosus, patency of 426
Dysarthria 300
Dyselectrolytemia 90, 100, 206, 325, 329, 484
presence of 198
Dysentery
acute 330
bacillary 316
Dysmenorrhea, characteristic of 321
Dysmetria 282
Dysmorphism 417
Dyspepsia 574
Dysplasia, bronchopulmonary 451
Dyspnea 109, 154, 566
Dysrhythmias 579
cardiac 587
Dystonia 274, 279
chronic 278b
diaphragmatic 278
pain cycle 278
parkinsonism 276
specific management 281
Dystonic crisis 277
Dystonic reactions, acute 280
Dystonic spasms 281
Dystonic storm 281
E
Ear furunculosis 509
Ebastine 688
Ebstein anomaly 428
Echocardiography 117, 342, 418
role of 412
Ectopic mucosa 487
Eczema 145
Edema 203, 204, 206t, 431
acute pulmonary 568
cardiogenic pulmonary 78
cytotoxic 257
distribution of 204
etiology of 203, 204t
eyelid 506
types of 205fc
Edrophonium chloride 693
Efavirenz 700
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome 654
Ejection fraction 115
Ejection systolic click 157
Elbow 517
fractures, types of 517
pediatric 522
pulled 523, 523f
Electric burn injuries 529, 531, 532
Electrical intraosseous drill 627
Electrical rhythm, terminates abnormal 107
Electrocardiogram 6, 86, 95100, 102105, 121, 537, 556, 571, 578, 594, 600
Electroclinical seizure syndromes 263
Electroencephalogram 260, 346, 557
continuous 255
raw 312
Electrographic seizure control 256
Electrolytes 101, 112, 199, 384, 558, 566, 581, 601
abnormality 109
effects 575
Electromyography 283
Elevated creatine kinase 278, 546
Emergency
articular 353
cardiorespiratory 128
cricothyrotomy 136
gastroenterological 315
medical services 545, 651
medicine, concept of 5
response system 36, 38, 40, 41, 48, 49
room 537
Emphysema 71, 73
obstructive 178
Emphysematous blebs 645
Empyema 173, 175, 645
clinical features 174
complications 175
diagnosis 175
etiology 173
investigation 174
management 175, 176fc
pathogenesis 174
prognosis of 177
Enalapril 115, 235
maleate 691
Encephalitis 391, 392
Encephalomyelitis
acute
demyelinating 293
disseminated 291
Encephalopathy 192, 217, 255
chronic bilirubin 438
hepatic 309, 339, 340t, 345
hypertensive 213
hyponatremic 243
hypoxic ischemic 260
syndrome, posterior reversible 213, 300, 358
Endocarditis, clinical signs of 572
Endocrine 345
Endoscopy 130, 323
Endothelial damage 212
Endotoxemia 545
Endotracheal intubation 53, 60, 143
Endotracheal tube 5052, 57, 477, 572
technique for 52b
Enjury, high voltage electric 531
Enoxaparin 235
Entecavir 228
Enterocolitis, bacterial 320
Enterohepatic circulation 434
Enterovirus 182
Envenomation 553, 600
Enzyme
deficiencies 373
immunoassay 616
linked immunosorbent assay 377
Epididymo orchitis 495, 496
Epigastrium 316
Epiglottis 60, 131f
Epiglottitis, acute 133
Epilepsy 247t
classification of 248f
syndrome, diagnosis of 248
Epinephrine 11, 116, 126, 414, 579, 702
autoinjector 92, 124
nebulization 133
Epiretinal membrane 356
Epistaxis 178
Epstein-Barr virus 182, 183, 342, 371
Ertapenem 228
Erythema 123
Erythrocyte
immature 370fc
sedimentation rate 327, 355, 356
Erythromycin 228, 674
estolate 187
ethylsuccinate 187
Escherichia coli 368, 614
Esophagitis 316
Estimated glomerular filtration rate 193
Ethambutol 232, 696
Ethanol 556, 557
Ethionamide 697
Ethosuximide 679
Ethylene glycol 198, 556, 557
poisoning 199
Etomidate 408
Euglycemia 558
Euphoria 569
Eustrongylides anisakis 618
Euvolemia 242
Ewing sarcoma 363
Excessive bicarbonate therapy 200
Exchange transfusion, indications of 442
Excitatory amino acid homeostasis 438
Extracellular fluid 194, 196, 244, 394
Extracorporeal elimination 558, 581
Extracorporeal life support 93
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation 87, 98, 116, 167, 169, 305, 450, 479, 537
Extubate 419
Eye
ball, size of 500
discharge 500
globe examination 292
right 506f
F
Fabry disease 301, 304
Facial
injuries 511
trauma 510
Fainting 407
Famciclovir 228
Familial hypomagnesemia 200
Famotidine 235
Fatal anaphylaxis 620
Fatigue 154, 394
extreme 407
Fatty acid oxidation
defects 381
disorder 383, 387
Febrile 145
episodes 504
infection-related epilepsy syndrome 249
neutropenia 361, 367
Fecal impaction 320
Feed intolerance 443
Feeding tube 477
Felbamate 235
Femoral central line insertion 630
Femoral vein 219, 628, 629
Femur 518
distal 627
Fentanyl 235
citrate 665
Ferritin 373
Fetal hydantoin syndrome 579
Fever 154, 179, 204, 315, 323, 375, 496
enteric 391, 392
presence of 326
transient 367
Fexofenadine 235, 584
hydrochloride 688
Fibrinogen deficiency 472
Fibrinoid necrosis 212
Fibrinolytic 176
agent 176
Fingernail trauma, repetitive 510
First antiseizure drugs 254
First-aid treatment 606
Fixed-wing aircraft 476
Flaccid tone 298
Flank pain 316
Flecainide 235
Flow inflating bag 53
Fluconazole 228, 684
Flucytosine 229, 684
Fludrocortisone 246
Fluid
administration 148
and electrolyte 347, 398
disturbances 217, 241
effects 564
attenuated inversion recovery 301
balance 242fc
culture 175
overload 192, 217
responsiveness, prediction of 638
restriction 245
resuscitation 82
Flunarizine 271
Fluticasone propionate 702
Flux nonsynthetic membranes, low 225
Focal cerebral arteriopathy, transient of 304
Foley catheter 497
Fomepizole 558
Food mimics 332
Food poisoning 614, 620
clinical diagnosis of 620b
differential diagnosis of 620b
management of 620b
Foot, dorsum of 625, 632
Forearm 517
Foreign body 40, 138, 177, 320, 509, 511, 553
aspiration 123, 177
bronchial 179
insertion of 178
laryngotracheal 512
nasal 178181
obstruction 134, 650t
sites of 178
pharyngoesophageal 512
removal of 180
safe removal of 179
types of 178, 178t
Formoterol fumarate 702
Fosphenytoin 251, 254, 262
sodium 679
Foul nasal odor 178
Foul smelling
liquor 416
loose stools 320
Fracture 516
description 516
distal radius buckle 521f
humerus 517
pain management 521
Fragile bones 628
Free radical homeostasis 438
Free water loss, significant 242
French size catheter 220
Fresh frozen plasma 90, 471, 595
Frog-leg 629
Fructose intolerance, hereditary 382
Fungus ball 363f
Furazolidine 676
Furosemide 11, 115, 235
inhaled 149
intravenous 192
Furunculosis 511
Fusobacterium necrophorum 182
infection 182
G
Gabanergic medications 275
Gabapentin 235, 280, 679
role of 268
Galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase 465
Galactosemia 248, 445
Galerina 600
Gallbladder disease 316
Gamma knife therapy 306
Gamma-aminobutyric acid 255, 580
Gamma-glutamyl transferase 342
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate 556
Ganciclovir 225, 229, 699
Gangliosidoses 386
Garlic breath 594
Gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry 465
exchange 160
exchange abnormalities 137
infection 185f
Gastric
acid secretion, reduced 569
lavage 557
Gastritis 316, 321
hemorrhagic 566
Gastroenteritis 316, 324, 483, 494, 615
acute 190, 325
bacterial 320
clinical features 494
diagnosis 494
management 494
Gastroesophageal reflux 484
disease 153, 155, 182, 183
Gastrointestinal disease 615b
Gastrointestinal effects 534
Gastrointestinal perforation 320
Gastrointestinal signs 555, 555t
Gastrointestinal support 91
Gastrointestinal symptoms 611
Gastrointestinal toxicity 574
Gastrointestinal tract 85, 121, 197, 563, 570, 580
effects 565
Gaucher's disease 470
Generalized edema, infantile onset of 204
Genetic mutations 483
Genitalia
ambiguous 465
examination of 317
Genitourinary diseases 319, 321
Genitourinary infection 322, 324
Gentamicin 229
Gestation 416
Gestational age, small for 451, 462
Giddiness 364
Gitelman syndrome 200
diagnosis of 201
Glanzmann's thrombasthenia 375, 471
Glasgow coma scale 41, 43, 44, 54, 75, 85, 87, 168, 287, 287t, 346, 537, 538, 540, 546
Glaucoma, congenital 503
Gliosis, reactive 531
Global hypoxic-ischemic injury 534
Global oxygen consumption 72
Glomerular disease 207, 209
Glomerular filtration rate 190, 224, 242, 449
Glomerulonephritis 209
acute 191
crescentic 193
postinfectious 208
Glottic obstruction 129
Glottis edema 60
Glucagon 126, 465, 558, 585
Glucocorticoid 579
deficiency 403
Glucocorticosteroids 167
Glucometer 261, 462
Glucose 250, 586
control 90
estimation 462
methods of 462
homeostasis of 454, 461
infusion rate 478
metabolism 564
oxidase method 456
reflectance meter 457f
utilization 564
Glucostix 261
Glutamate release, reduces 256
Glutathione content 438
Glycogen
storage
disease 333, 382
disorders 383
synthesis 438
Glycopyrrolate 143
Glycosuria 457
Goal-oriented targeted management 414fc
Gonadotropin release, reduced 569
Granisetron 682
Granulocyte
colony-stimulating factor 368
disorders 371t
Great artery, transposition of 110, 429
Greenstick fractures 522
Griseofulvin 684
Gross hematuria
etiology of 208t
evaluation of 207
Growth
failure 110
hormone 465
Guidewire 630
Guillain-Barre syndrome 168, 201, 243, 282284
H
Haemophilus influenzae 133, 134, 171, 173, 175, 182, 354, 374, 375, 507
Hand, dorsum of 625
Head tilt 50f
chin lift 48
technique for 50b
Headache 364, 394, 400, 545, 574
acute 264, 265, 266, 266fc, 272b
childhood 265b
classification of primary 264, 264t
diary, sample of 267f
disorder, classification of 264, 264t
evaluation 269t
frontal 266
history of 265
postconcussion 270
primary 265t
secondary causes of 269t
tension type 264266
thunderclap 268
types of 264
Hearing loss 510
Heart
block 117
congenital 357
diastolic dysfunction of 157
disease 138
congenital 109, 111, 145, 147, 204, 307, 413, 424
critical congenital 637
cyanotic congenital 64, 426
duct-dependent congenital 93
ischemic 358
failure 109, 604
acute 112
chronic 112
classification of 111, 112
congestive 98, 138, 154, 191, 220, 424, 567
management of 113
symptoms characteristic of 112t
murmur, asymptomatic 424
rate 8, 41, 42t, 43, 77, 79, 81t, 87, 88, 95, 96t, 99, 102, 119121, 403, 412, 426, 443
monitor 114
sounds 417
transplantation 116
Heat
dissipation 544
exhaustion 545
exposure 543
production 544
related illness 542, 545, 548
pediatric 542
preventing 544
stress 545
stroke 545
management of 546b
Heimlich maneuver 49f, 649, 650, 650f
Helicobacter pylori 321
Heliox 133, 150
Helminthiasis 319
Hemarthrosis, acute 355
Hematemesis 315, 565, 594
Hematologic emergencies, pediatric 370
Hematologic system 86
Hematological disorders 304
Hematuria 204, 207, 207t, 661fc
causes of 208
extraglomerular 209t
glomerular origin of 209, 209f
principal causes of 207
recurrent 208
symptomatic gross 209
urinalysis for 605
Heme oxygenase 444
Hemiplegia 378
Hemiscrotum, left 496f
Hemisensory abnormalities 300
Hemodiafiltration 206
continuous
arteriovenous 217, 218
venovenous 218, 220
Hemodialysis 206, 217219, 576, 583, 586
continuous
arteriovenous 217, 218
venovenous 218
indications for 567b
intermittent 217, 218
Hemodynamic
classification 427
collapse 553
monitoring 410, 412
status 218, 220
Hemofiltration 217
continuous 206
arteriovenous 217, 218
venovenous 217, 218, 220
Hemoglobin 70, 396, 613, 634, 637
extinction curves 635f
Hemoglobinopathies 371, 373
Hemoglobinuria 207
Hemolysis 116, 445, 535
Hemolytic crises, acute 322
Hemolytic uremic syndrome 193, 206, 208, 217, 327, 357, 371, 375, 376, 615
Hemoperfusion 583
Hemopericardium 630
Hemophagocytic syndromes 472
Hemophilia
A 472
B 472
Hemoptysis 365
Hemorrhage 443, 574
antepartum 416
gastrointestinal 324
intracranial 312, 376, 471, 472
perivascular 531
prevention of 472
tonsillar 512
vitreous 505
Hemorrhagic disease 305
Hemosiderin 613
Hemothorax 630, 645
Henderson-Hasselbalch equation 195, 196
Henoch-Schönlein purpura 208, 316, 321, 322, 358, 495
clinical features 495
diagnosis 495
management 495
vasculitis 208
Heparin 558, 677
conventional 220
unfractionated 91
Hepatic disease 204
Hepatic enzymes, elevated 574
Hepatic failure
fulminant 339, 343
late-onset 339
Hepatic fibrosis, congenital 332
Hepatic necrosis 593
Hepatic veins, assess patency of 342
Hepatitis 318, 575
acute viral 391
autoimmune 333
Hepatopulmonary syndrome 344
Herculean task 3
Hernia 495
congenital diaphragmatic 119
incarcerated 319
obstructed 320
sites 317
Herniation syndromes 288t
Heroin 568
Herpes simplex 528
virus 182, 342
Herpes zoster 153, 322
High flow nasal cannula 67, 68, 77, 166
indications of 67
oxygen 168
High flow oxygen delivery systems 64t, 65
High flux synthetic dialyzers 225
Hip 517
transient synovitis of 355
Hirschsprung's disease 319, 320
Histamine 603
Hoarse voice 75
Hodgkin disease 363
Hollinger's law 129
Homeostasis
inflammatory 438
maintain 430
Human bocavirus 146
Human hepatitis B specific globulins 695
Human immunodeficiency virus 182, 408
infection 171
Human papilloma virus 514
Hyaline membrane disease 418, 421, 422f
Hyaluronidase 603
Hydralazine 116, 236
hydrochloride 691
Hydration 549
aggressive 143
correction of 327
maintenance of 172
Hydrocarbon 558
aspiration 556
Hydrocele 495
Hydrocephalus 263, 312
Hydrocodone 568
Hydrocortisone 11, 92, 124, 126, 414, 465
Hydrops fetalis 462
Hydrostatic pressure 204, 217
Hydroxocobalamin 558
Hydroxyzine hydrochloride 688
Hygiene 641
Hyoscine butyl bromide 694
Hyoscyamine 601
Hyperaldosteronism, primary 200
Hyperammonemia 255, 381, 382, 385, 389, 582
Hyperbaric oxygen 67
Hyperbilirubinemia 442
neonatal 433
pathogenesis of 434
risk factors for 435
severe 439b
treatment of 443
Hypercalcemia 361, 367, 490
Hypercalciuria 210
Hypercapnia 164, 164t, 201
Hypercarbia 69, 163, 438, 571
Hyperesthesia 321
Hyperglycemia 90, 298, 443, 456, 539, 566
consequences of 456
diagnosis of 457
homeostasis of 454
management of 457
neonatal 454, 459fc
risk for 455
treatment of 458
Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar
nonketotic coma 400
state 396, 400
syndrome, treatment of 401fc
Hyperinsulinemia 467
Hyperkalemia 192, 198, 217, 278, 406, 443, 465, 574, 611, 615, 616, 662fc
changes of 192
therapy for 193t
Hyperleukocytosis 361, 364
management of 365
Hyperlipoproteinemia 490
Hyperlucent lung, unilateral 180
Hypernatremia 199, 298, 329
Hyperosmolar hyperketotic state 394
Hyperoxia test 424, 425, 425t429
Hyperparathyroidism 490
Hyperphosphatemia 192
Hyperpigmentation 465
Hyperplasia, gingival 579
Hyperpnea 566
Hyperpyrexia 565, 586
Hyperreflexia 570
Hypersensitivity 579
Hypertension 118, 120, 192, 211, 213, 555, 570
classification of 211
development of 212
monogenic forms of 200
pathophysiology of 212, 215
portal 332
pregnancy-induced 451, 468
presence of 208
risk of 193
severity of 213
systemic 450
Hypertensive crisis 214, 215
cardiac manifestations of 213
causes of 212b
medical management of 214t
Hypertensive emergency
common neurologic manifestation of 213
setting of 213
Hypertensive urgency 211
recognition of 215
Hyperthermia 288, 548t, 566, 587, 589, 602
malignant 279
Hyperthyroidism 274, 326
Hypertonic saline 149
Hypertrophy, gingival 528
Hyperventilation 202, 203, 566
syndrome 123
Hypervolemia 242, 243
Hyphema 505
Hypnotics 555
Hypoalbuminemia 440
Hypocalcemia 192, 199, 200, 260, 441, 443, 615
Hypocapnia, chronic 197
Hypochloremic alkalosis 213
Hypofattyacidemia 467
Hypogastrium 316
Hypoglycemia 80, 241, 260, 340, 382, 385, 399, 438, 560, 566, 602
management of 389, 464fc, 465, 466fc
neonatal 461
drugs in 465
persistent 465, 465t
neonatal 464, 465fc
refractory 261
screening for 462
Hypoglycemic brain injury, neonatal 463
Hypoglycorrhachia 566
Hypokalemia 199, 200, 213, 320, 329, 340, 399, 565, 566
severe 200, 201
Hypokalemic hypochloremic metabolic acidosis 484
Hypoketonemia 467
Hypomagnesemia 114, 241
Hyponatremia 213, 260, 340, 615
duration of 243
hypervolemic 242
symptomatic 193
Hyponatremic hypertensive syndrome 213
Hypoperfusion, setting of 196
Hypophosphatemia, severe 399
Hypopituitarism 465
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome 426
Hypotension 44t, 203, 296, 340, 370, 555, 614
neonatal 411
Hypothermia 170, 192, 223, 431, 438, 440, 462, 634
management 539
Hypothyroidism 118, 204, 242, 323, 445
Hypotonia 380
Hypotonic fluid administration 193
Hypouricemia 566
Hypoventilation 162, 163, 537
compensatory 200
Hypovolemia 162
suspected case of 192
Hypoxemia 42, 62, 69, 146, 164t, 166fc, 168, 203, 418, 438
causes of 163t
mechanism of 73t
Hypoxia 164, 340, 370, 571, 602
anemic 73
histotoxic 73
hypoxemic 73
ischemia, perinatal 274, 462
stagnant 62, 73
I
Ibuprofen 270, 665
Icterus 205
Idiopathic arthritis
juvenile 353, 575
systemic onset juvenile 356
Ifosfamide 229
Ileus, vincristine-induced 365
Imipenem 229, 675
Immune thrombocytopenia 375, 376, 376t
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura 471
Immunoglobulin 695
A nephropathy 210
E 122
human 695
high dose 695
tetanus specific 695
intravenous 77, 357, 374, 443, 471
M 393
Immunomodulatory therapy 275
Immunosuppression, institution of 193
Immunosuppressive therapy 526
Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone 143
Indian Academy of Pediatrics 37, 344, 347
Indomethacin 191, 666
Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis 483
Infection 111, 138, 274, 280, 347, 509511, 513
bacterial 182
spread of 129
systemic 490
trivial 403
Inferior vena cava 413
Inflammation 274, 347, 487, 510, 626
Inflammatory bowel disease 316, 326
Inflammatory cells, activation of 146
Influenza virus 182
Inguinal hernia 493
obstructed 493, 494f
Inhalation 553
Injury
extravasation 626
heat related 546
hepatocellular 574
hypoxic ischemic 309, 539
inhalational 138
Inorganic mercury exposure 622
Insulin 236, 558, 586
dextrose 193
resistance 198
therapy 398
advantages of 458
disadvantages of 458
Intensive care
indications for 147
unit 55, 133, 143, 217, 244, 309, 310, 568, 634
pediatric 47, 75, 82, 87, 89, 166, 328, 339, 393, 536538
Intercostal drainage tube 167
Intercostal retraction 75
Interlobar fissure, minor 421f
International Association of Dental Traumatology 526
International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation 37
International normalized ratio 305, 342, 344, 468, 470, 565, 593, 595, 605, 642
International Society of Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes 396
Interphalangeal joint, flexors of 522f
Intestinal malrotation 485, 486f
Intestinal obstruction 319, 487
causes of 320t
Intestinal parasitic infections 618
Intra-abdominal pathology 318, 319
Intra-abdominal pressure 88
Intra-alveolar pores of Kohn 161
Intra-aortic balloon pump 586
Intracellular
antigens, antibodies against 248
buffering 195, 196
fluid 194
Intracranial infection 438
Intracranial pressure 57, 58, 77, 134, 168, 266, 306, 309, 310, 344, 345, 364, 534, 602
indications for 309
management of raised 288
signs of increased 270
Intramuscular injections 633
Intraparenchymal brain volume 243
Intraparenchymal devices 309
Intraperitoneal fluid 495, 537, 545
Intrathecal baclofen pump 279, 281
Intrathoracic airways and lungs 69, 129f
Intravascular hemolysis 192, 610
evidence of 607
Intravenous fluids 148, 380, 420, 444, 462
Intrinsic pulmonary disease 201
Intubation 166
indications for 608
support 67
Intussusception 319, 320, 324, 486, 487f, 495
abdominal radiograph of 487f
clinical features 486
diagnosis 486
management 487
Invasive ventilation 168
indications for 609
Ion transport 438
Ipratropium bromide 126, 167, 703
Iridodialysis 505
Iron 555, 556, 558, 611
binding capacity, total 613
concentration 613
deficiency anemia 371
deficiency anemia, treatment of 372t
Ischemia, severe 298
Ischemic attack, transient 291, 299
Ishihara monochromatic charts 291
Isoflurane 256
Isoniazid 232, 556, 558, 697
Isoprinosine 699
Isopropanol 557
Isopropyl alcohol 555
Isotope dilution mass spectroscopy 224
Itraconazole 684
Ivermectin 685
J
Japanese encephalitis 277
Jaundice 204, 318, 323, 445, 593
clinical assessment of 435
conjugated 465
pathological 434, 435
physiological 434
prolonged 323, 445
severe 436
treatment 439
Jaw thrust 48, 50f
maneuver 656
technique for 50b
Joints, distal interphalangeal 522
Jugular bulb venous oxygen saturation 313
Jugular vein
external 625, 626, 631
internal 628
Jugular venous
oxygen saturation 313
pressure 659
Juvenile huntington disease 276
K
Kabbouche protocol 270
Kanamycin 697
sulfate 670
Kangaroo mother care 478
Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon 470
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome 470
Katz catheter 180
Kawasaki's disease 355, 358
Kawasaki's syndrome 615
Kayser-Fleischer rings 342
Ketamine 11, 143, 251, 256, 555
Ketoacidosis 198
diabetic 165, 198, 199, 316, 323, 394, 395fc, 397fc, 556
Ketoconazole 408, 684
Ketonemia 396, 565, 566
Ketonuria 566
Ketotifen 688, 703
Kidney
disease 189, 190t, 215, 449
acute 206
chronic 192, 193, 197, 198, 206, 208, 215, 450, 660fc
end-stage 190t
modified 449t
failure, degree of 224
function 189, 196
standard measure of 224
inability of 189
injury
acute 189, 190t, 191, 191b, 192, 193b, 193t, 217, 221, 222, 224, 326, 346, 347, 391, 449, 449t, 450t, 452t, 534, 546, 608, 659fc
evidence of 191
molecule 191
Kings College criterion 343
Klebsiella 277, 368, 422
Klippel-Feil syndrome 654
Knee 518
immobilization 519
Kocher criteria 520
Kussmaul respiration 198
Kyphoscoliosis 201
L
Labetalol 691
Labyrinthitis 510
Lachman test 518f
Lacosamide 256, 680
Lactate dehydrogenase 176, 383, 384
measurement of 148
Lactic acid dehydrogenase 356
Lactic acidosis 198, 556
treatment of 199
Ladds's bands 485
Ladmer system 224
Lamivudine 12, 700
Lamotrigine 236, 680
Langerhans’ cell histiocytosis 363f
Laryngeal mask airway 50, 55, 55f, 135
Laryngeal papilloma 134
Laryngomalacia 132, 514
Laryngotracheal trauma 513
Laryngotracheobronchitis 166
acute 129, 132, 509, 514
Larynx
malacia of 138
pediatric 513
L-asparaginase 489
induced pancreatitis 365
Laxatives 548
Lead poisoning 320, 372
chronic 556
Lead toxicity 373t
Left atrium 413
Left ventricular
failure 213
hypertrophy 213
ischemia 213
Legg-Calvé-perthes 520
Lemierre's syndrome 182
Lepiota 600
Leptospira 193, 391393
interrogans 392
Lesser sedating antihistamines 584
Lethargic child 484
Lethargy 370, 381, 574
Leukemia
acute 363
lymphoblastic 361
monocytic 364
myeloid 364
myelomonocytic 364
promyelocytic 364, 365
basophilic 123
chronic myeloid 364
Leukocyte disorders 377
Leukocytosis 496
Leukopenia 361
Leukostasis 378
Leukotriene 122
receptor antagonists 150
Levallorphan 568
Levamisole 685
Levetiracetam 236, 251, 254, 255, 263, 275, 680
Levocetrizine 688
Levodopa 281
dosages of 275
Levofloxacin 229, 673
Levosalbutamol 703
Levosimendan 89, 115, 116, 414
L-fatty acid binding protein 191
Licorice ingestion 200
Lid edema 507f
mild 502f
Lidocaine 11, 58
Life-threatening
causes 500
heat stroke 542
Ligament 653
of Treitz 486
Ligamentous injuries 518
Lignocaine 222, 263
hydrochloride 668
Limb
edematous 625
ischemia 632
Limp 523
Lincomycin 674
Linezolid 229
Lipid
emulsion
intravenous 581
therapy 586
metabolism 438
Liquid chromatography, high performance 437
Lisinopril 236, 691
Listeria monocytogenes 617
Listerial infections 617
Lithium 236, 556, 558, 559
Liver
disease
chronic 333, 344
end-stage 343, 344
model of end-stage 343, 344
pediatric end-stage 343
enzymes 566, 604
failure
acute 338, 339t, 342, 343, 343t, 344346
chronic 343
function
tests 112, 205, 318, 342, 384, 557, 562, 575
worsening 340
injury unit 343
kidney microsome 342
synthetic function 341
tests 340
transplant 343, 343t, 347, 489
Local anesthesia 222
Local infection 632
Local ischemia 626
Local ulceration 626
Log roll procedure 655, 655f
Long QT syndrome 105
arrhythmias 533
Loratadine 236, 584, 688
Lorazepam 11, 251, 262, 263, 568, 680
Losartan 115, 691
Low birth weight 191, 454, 455, 463
extremely 450, 454
Low efficiency dialysis, sustained 218
Low molecular weight 401
heparin 305, 677
Lower airway 161
obstruction 42
Lower risk babies 440
Ludwig's angina 60
Lumbar puncture 270, 283, 361
Lung 165
disease
chronic 145, 147
inhalational 336
interstitial 71
moderate 201
fields
auscultation of 163
bilateral 132
hyperinflated 148
injury, acute 537, 565567, 569, 574
lymphatics 69
mechanoreceptors, stimulation of 201
parenchyma 161
disease 42, 76
Lupus crisis 356
Lupus nephritis 193, 205, 357
Lymphadenopathy 184
Lymphangioma 515
Lymphedema 204
Lymphocytosis 406
Lymphohistiocytosis, hemophagocytic 393
Lysergic acid diethylamide 556
Lysosomal lipid storage diseases 248
M
Macrophage activation syndrome 353, 355, 356
Magnesium 586
sulfate 11, 142, 167, 271
Malabsorption syndrome 503
Malaria 391, 392, 445
Malignant Tourette syndrome 274
Mallory-Weiss
syndrome 332
tears 332
Maple syrup urine disease 381, 387
Marfan syndrome 157, 301
Marrow-Pearson syndrome 470
Mask, correct positioning of 53f
Masses 320
Massive effusion 645
Massive hepatomegaly 222, 361
Massive pulmonary embolism 92
Mastoiditis 307
Maternal diabetes 416, 431
McArdle disease 384
Mean corpuscular volume 370
Mean platelet volume 468, 469
Mebendazole 685
Mechanical circulatory support 116
Mechanical ventilation 90, 143, 149, 419, 430
indications of 75
Mechanoreceptors, stimulation of 202
Meckel's diverticulum 316, 319, 324, 487, 487f
clinical features 487
diagnosis 487
management 488
Meconium aspiration 422
syndrome 418, 420, 421, 421f
Meconium plug syndrome 320
Meconium-stained liquor 416
Mediastinal lymphoma 361f
Mediastinal syndrome, superior 360
Medicolegal implications 298
Medium risk babies 440
Mefenamic acid 666
Mefloquine hydrochloride 693
Megakaryocyte precursors 370fc
Meglumine diatrizoate 513
Melittin 609
Membrane
preterm premature rupture of 451
rupture of 416
stabilizing activity 585
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis 210
Ménière's disease 510
Meningitis 323
aseptic 574
bacterial 304
Meningococcemia 391
Meningoencephalitis 300
Meniscal tears 519f
Meniscus sign 174f
Mental status 75
altered 81, 98
Meperidine 236, 568, 569
Mercury 556
elemental 555
Meropenem 229, 676
Mesenteric adenitis 316, 494
clinical features 494
diagnosis 494
management 494
Mesenteric artery, superior 485
Mesenteric lymphadenitis 318
Mesenteric vein, superior 486
Meso-ovarium 492
Metabolic abnormalities 288, 489
Metabolic acidosis 192, 197199, 202, 256, 329, 382, 385, 410, 437, 556, 566, 601, 612, 615
causes of 197, 198b
chronic 198
metabolic consequences of 198
severe 576
treatment of severe 199
Metabolic alkalosis 197200, 340
causes of 200, 200b
etiology of 201
moderate 200
Metabolic anomalies 490
Metabolic causes 304
Metabolic derangement 109, 278
Metabolic disease 408, 470
Metabolic disorders 217, 322
inherited 204
Metabolic disturbances 195, 296
Metabolic dysfunction 285
Metabolic emergencies 366
Metabolic encephalopathy 275, 399
severe 380
Metabolic hypovolemia 340
Metabolic imbalances 260
Metabolic investigations 75
Metabolic processes 196
Metabolic rate 564
Metabolism 578, 581
inborn errors of 380, 380t, 387t, 465
Metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy 284
Metalloporphyrins 444
Metapneumovirus, human 146
Metered-dose inhaler 77, 141, 167
Methadone 236, 568
Methanol 198, 199, 555, 556, 557
Methdilazine hydrochloride 689
Methemoglobin 636, 637
Methemoglobinemia 555, 558
Methicillin-resistant S aureus, history of 375
Methotrexate 559
Methyl salicylate 555
Methyldopa 237, 691
Methylene blue 558, 637
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 303
Methylprednisolone 126, 237
intravenous 193
Methylxanthines 142
Metoclopramide 237, 270
administration of 270
Metolazone 115
Metoprolol 115, 692
Metronidazole 230, 330
Mexiletine 268
Miconazole 684
Microalbuminuria 213
Micropenis 465
Midabdomen 316
Midazolam 11, 237, 251, 255, 262, 263, 680
higher doses of 256
intravenous infusion of 281
Midepigastric pain 321
Migraine
medications for pediatric 271t
probable 268
vestibular 510
with aura 268b
without aura 268b
Migrainous headache 265
Milk teeth 525, 526
Milrinone 115, 116, 237, 414
Mineralizing angiopathy 304
Mineralocorticoid excess 200
syndromes of 201
Minimal respiratory distress 149
Minocycline 677
Minoxidil 692
Minute ventilation 64, 162
Mitochondrial cytopathies 341
Mitochondrial disease 275, 300, 408
Mitochondrial disorders 276, 304, 381, 386
Mitochondrial DNA disorders 248
Mitochondrial encephalopathies 288
Mitomycin C 615
Mitral regurgitation murmur 157
Mizolastine 689
Mobile carts 7
Mobile high frequency oscillator 479
Molecular diagnostic techniques 145
Monoamine
depletors 281
oxidase 126
inhibitors 555
Monoarthritis, acute 353, 354fc
Monoclonal antibodies 150
Monocular vision loss 293fc
Monomethylhydrazine 558
Monoparesis 300
Monosodium glutamate 618
ingestion of 618
Montelukast sodium 703
Moraxella catarrhalis 182
Morbidity, causes of 178
Morphine 11, 237
sulphate 666
Mortality
causes of 178
score, pediatric risk of 343
Motion artifact 637
Motor vehicle collision, high-risk 653
Mouth-to-mask EC-clamp technique 54f
Movement disorder 273
acute onset 273
classification of 274t
hyperkinetic 273, 274
hypokinetic 276
pediatric 275t
Moyamoya disease 303f, 304, 305
Mucociliary clearance disorders 138
Mucolytics 143
Mucopolysaccharides 603
Mucopolysaccharidoses 248
Mucopurulent discharge, bilateral 502f
Mucopurulent nasal discharge 178
Multicomponent coagulopathy 607
Multifocal clonic 259
Multiorgan dysfunction 280
features of 217
syndrome 190, 217, 338
Multiplanar reconstruction 179
Multiple muscle groups 274
Multiple organ systems 121
Multiple pleural adhesions 645
Multiple sclerosis 293
Multiple supratherapeutic ingestion 561fc
Multiple system trauma 653
Multiple tissue planes 129
Multisystem organ failure 546
Mumps 489
Muscarinic signs 596
Muscle
accessory 75
dysfunction 399
injury 531
relaxants 281
spasms, abdominal 278
strain 182
tremor 570
Muscular dystrophy 168
Mushroom
induced disease 618
poisoning 600
Myalgias 545
Myasthenia gravis 201
Mycoplasma 182
pneumonia 170, 374
Mydriasis 570
Mydriatic pupils 569b
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein 294
Myelination 438
Myocardial contractility 80, 88
Myocardial damage 608
Myocardial dysfunction 198
Myocardial function 399
Myocardial infarction 358
Myocarditis 100, 116, 155f, 157, 431, 533, 587
Myoclonus 275
Myocolonic seizures 259
Myoglobin 434
Myoglobinuria 207
urinalysis for 605
Myolysis 605
N
N-acetyl cysteine, role of 347
N-acetylcysteine 348, 558, 560, 562
benefits of 347
infusion instructions 561
Nail polish 637
Nalidixic acid 673
Nalorphine 568
Naloxone 558, 568, 583
Naltrexone 568
Naproxen 666
Nasal
cannula 64, 64f
continuous positive airway pressure 166
decongestion 149
flaring 416
obstruction, unilateral 178
wash fluid 148
Nasogastric aspiration 334
Nasopharyngeal airway 51, 51f
technique for 51b
Nasopharyngitis 146
National Kidney Disease Education Program 224
Natriuretic peptides 113
Natural course 421
Natural disasters 533
Natural killer cells 342
Natural toxins 600
Nausea 154, 321, 545, 566, 593
Near infrared spectroscopy 313, 412
Nebulized beta agonist 11
Nebulized budesonide 11, 220
Necrotizing enterocolitis 320, 361, 470, 472
Needle cricothyrotomy 59
contraindications of 60t
technique for 60b
Neisseria 502, 514
gonorrhoeae 12, 502
meningitides 375
Nelfinavir 700
Neonatal abstinence syndrome 570
Neonatal cholestasis syndromes 445
Neonatal conditions 462
Neonatal emergencies 410
Neonatal epilepsy syndromes 260
Neonatal hemodynamics
assessment of 413t
monitoring 411
Neonatal intensive care unit 415, 479
Neonatal jaundice 433
detection of 439fc
severe 433
Neonatal Resuscitation 119b
Program 119, 121
Neonatal seizures 259
etiology of 260, 260b
in emergency 259
management of 261fc, 262fc, 263
Neonatal sepsis, late-onset 422
Neonatal shock 410
assessment of 412t
causes of 411t
management of 412
pathophysiology of 414fc
Neonatal transport 473
equipment required for 477, 477b
indications for 474
system 474, 478f
organization of 474
team 475t
types of 474
Neoplasia 506
Neostigmine 237, 693
Nephritis
acute 204, 206
interstitial 193, 574
interstitial 208
Nephrolithiasis 209
Nephrotic range proteinuria 213
Nephrotic syndrome 191, 204, 206, 307, 574
Nephrotoxins 192
Nerve
injuries 531
median 523
Netilmicin 230
sulfate 670
Neuroblastoma 275, 506
Neurocirculatory control mechanisms, extrinsic 80
Neurocutaneous disorders, hereditary 248
Neurocutaneous markers 269
Neurocutaneous syndromes 304
Neurodegenerative diseases 275
Neurodevelopmental impairments 257
Neurofibromatosis 301
Neurogenic
shock 92
stridor 134
Neuroimaging 283, 301
role of 263
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome 279, 555, 588, 589
Neurologic complications 605
Neurologic examination 292, 293, 296, 297
Neurologic management 539
Neurological deficit, focal 307
Neurological disorders, acute 241
Neurological emergencies 241
Neurological status, worsening 214
Neuromonitoring devices, particularly 309
Neuromuscular disease 145
Neuromuscular disorders 168, 201
Neuromuscular dysfunction 201
Neuromuscular junction 596
Neuromyelitis optica 293, 294
spectrum disorders 291
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses 386
Neuronitis, vestibular 510
Neuropathology, long-term 597
Neuropathy
cranial 300
peripheral 358
target esterase 596
Neuroprotective therapy 305
Neuropsychiatric disorders 548
Neurosense 312
Neurosurgical treatment options 281
Neurotoxins 603, 609
Neurotransmitters, transport of 438
Neurovisual pathway 290
Neutral cervical spine positioning 653f
Neutral spine position 653
Neutropenia 172, 574
Neutropenic enterocolitis 365
Neutropenic fever 377, 378
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin 191
Neutrophilic leukocytosis 130
Neutrophils, immature 370fc
Nevirapine 701
New York Heart Association 111
Newborn intensive care unit 119
Niclosamide 685
adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, activity of 212
Nitazoxanide 685
Nitrazepam 680
Nitric oxide 89
inhaled 169, 479
release 438
Nitrofurantoin 230, 373, 677
Nitrogenous waste, accumulation of 189
Nitroglycerine 115
Nitroprusside 115, 237, 558
Nonaccidental trauma 519
clues for 519
Nonanion gap metabolic acidosis 198
Nonantimicrobials requiring renal modification 233
Nonbenzodiazepine medication 254
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema 565
Noncirrhotic portal fibrosis 332
Noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate 256
Noncontrast computed tomography 268, 301
Non-cuffed rigid acute peritoneal dialysis catheter 221
Nonenteric-coated salicylate ingestion 565
Nonepileptic nature 277
Nonepileptic phenomenon 259
Nonhemorrhagic shock, management of 83
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 361
Noninvasive blood pressure 6
Noninvasive positive pressure
respiratory support 168
ventilation 168, 419
Noninvasive techniques 457
Noninvasive ventilation 167, 594
Nonketotic hyperglycinemia 260, 386
Nonketotic hyperosmolar syndrome 400
Non-motor seizures 247
Nonosmotic stimuli 241
Nonperfused ventilated alveoli 71
Non-pharmaceutical agents 554
Nonpharmacologic therapy 211
Non-rapid eye movement 285
Nonrebreathing mask 65, 65f
Nonretractable prepuce 498
Nonrhythmic contractions 259
Nonsalicylate nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 573t
Non-steroidal analgesics 281
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug 122, 191, 208, 270, 355, 374, 555, 573, 574
induced bronchospasm 575
induced hepatotoxicity 575
toxicity, clinical manifestations of 574
type of 563
Nonsurgical gastrointestinal diseases 319, 320
Nontraumatic headache 268
Nonvariceal bleeding 337fc
Nonventilated alveoli, perfusion of 72f
Noradrenaline 11
Norepinephrine 11, 126, 414
Norfloxacin 230, 673
Normotensive shock 44
Noxious stimuli 285
Noxious touch, localization of 286
Nuclear scintigraphy 488f
Nursemaid's elbow 517, 523, 523f
Nut cracker syndrome 210
Nutrition 91, 113, 420
Nystagmoid eye movements 259
O
Obesity, extreme 201
Obstruction, incomplete 181
Obstructive uropathy, urosepsis in 497
Obstructive valvular lesions 157
Occlusive dressing 629, 630
Octreotide 558
Ocular disorders 503
Ocular emergencies 499
commonly encountered 500
specific 500
Ocular end-organ damage, acute 214
Ocular exposure 553
Ocular signs 554
poisoning by 555t
Oculocephalic response 297
Oculomotor abnormalities 282
Oculovestibular reflexes, absent 297
Odor 554
Odynophagia 509
Ofloxacin 230, 673
Olanzapine 276
Oligoanuria 659fc
Oligohydramnios 416
Oliguria 410
Omeprazole 237
Omphalomesenteric duct remnant 487
Oncologic emergencies, pediatric 361t
Oncologic emergency 360, 367
Oncotic pressure, reduced 204
Ondansetron 237
hydrochloride dihydrate 682
Ophthalmia neonatorum 500
management of 502t
Ophthalmic emergencies, pediatric 499
Opiate 201
withdrawal
signs of 570t
symptoms of 570t
Opioid 58, 555, 556, 568
classification of 568b
clinical effects of 569t
clinical manifestation of 569
toxicity 558, 571
diagnosis of 571
withdrawal 555, 570
management of 571
Opsoclus myoclonus ataxia 275
Optic atrophy 291
Optic nerve 290
sheet ultrasound 346
Optic neuritis 294fc
bilateral 290
idiopathic demyelinating 293
Optic neuropathy 293
Optical interference 637
Opticochiasmal arachnoiditis 291
Oral
calcium resins 193
diuretics 206
emergencies 525
rehydration salts 328
signs 555
poisoning by 555t
trauma 525
vitamin A 504t
Orbital cellulitis 506
Orchidectomy 493f
Organ damage, irreversible 215
Organ donation 298
Organ dysfunction, signs of major 85
Organ injury, evidence of target 215
Organic acidemia 199, 386
Organic acidosis 198
Organic acids 288
accumulation of 198
Organic anions, metabolism of 199
Organic mercury exposure 622
Organophosphates 555, 595
Organophosphorus
agent-induced delayed neuropathy 597
poisoning 558, 595
Orientia tsutsugamushi 391
Ornithine transcarbamylase 342
Oropharyngeal airway 50, 51, 51f
technique for 51b
Oropharyngeal suctioning 51
technique for 52b
Orthopedic injuries 515
Orthopnea 363
Orthostatic hypotension 510, 569
Oscillation, high frequency 167
Oscillatory ventilation, high frequency 168
Oseltamivir 230, 699
Osgood-Schlatter disease 518
Osler-Weber-Rendu disease 511
Osmotic agent 217
Osmotic therapy 346
Osteogenesis imperfecta 628
Osteonecrosis 528
Osteopetrosis 628
Otitis externa 509
Otitis media
acute suppurative 509
chronic suppurative 510
with effusion 510
Otologic emergencies 509
Otorhinolaryngologic emergencies, pediatric 509
Ottawa knee rules 519
Ovarian torsion 492, 493f
clinical features 492
diagnosis 492
management 492
Oxalate-containing plants 555
Oxcarbazepine 237, 680
Oxidative phosphorylation 438
Oxycodone 568
Oxygen 140, 160
cascade 70
concentration 61, 70
consumption 564
content 61, 427
cylinders 476
delivery 62, 71, 85, 411, 427
devices 64
systems 418
systems, low flow 64, 64t
demand 411
dissociation curve 634, 635f
extraction ratio 62, 72
flow meter 66, 67
flow, physiology of 61
hood 65, 418
indices 74
inhalation 172
mask, simple 65
outlets 6
partial pressure of 310, 635
pathway and defect 71t
pressure of 61, 70, 479
requirement 443
saturation 8, 443
capillary 634
sources 64
species, reactive 212
therapy 61, 62, 64, 165, 168, 418
limitation of 63, 63t
toxicity 63
Oxygenation, failure of 160
Oxymorphone 568
Oxyphenonium bromide 694
P
Packed cell
blood cell 83
volume 436
Pain 323
abdominal 484f, 485, 593, 594
acute
abdominal 394
nonspecific abdominal 319, 322
cramping abdominal 123
ischemic 156
stimulation 44
Pain abdomen 323
medical conditions with 494
surgical conditions with 483
Pain crises 374
acute 374
Palliative treatment 506
Palonosetron 683
Palpable bladder 222
Palpation 317
Palpitations 117
Pancreatic diseases 318
Pancreatic duct
congenital anomalies of 490
ultrasound of 491f
Pancreatic enzymes 534
Pancreatic inflammatory 324
Pancreatic necrosis 317
Pancreatic pseudoaneurysm 332
Pancreatic stent insertion 323
Pancreaticobiliary duct system 489
Pancreatitis 489, 604, 605
acute 316, 489
chronic 490
fibrosing 490
relapsing 490
clinical features 489
diagnosis 490
hereditary 490
idiopathic chronic 490
management 490
Pancuronium 58
bromide 237
Panic attack 123
Pan-lactate dehydrogenase 393
Panthothenate kinase 282
Papillary necrosis 574
Papilledema 268
Para-amino salicylic acid 697
Paracetamol 270, 281, 666
ingestion 561fc
level 563
poisoning, acute single dose 560f
sustained release 562fc
Paradoxical intracellular acidosis 199
Parainfectious autoimmune process 275
Parainfluenza virus 182
infection 514
Paraldehyde 263, 555, 556, 680
Paralysis 628
Paralytic ileus 320
presence of 317
Paranasal sinuses fracture 511
Paraneoplastic syndrome 275
Parasitic
infection 503
infestations 322
Parasympathetic toxicity 604
Parathyroid hormone 660
Parenchymal ischemic infarct 307
Parenteral antibiotics 11
Parenteral nutrition 217
total 462
Paresthesia 628
Parkinson's disease, juvenile 276
Parkinsonism 276
Paromomycin sulfate 685
Paroxysmal autonomic instability 279
Partial pressure ventilation 77
Partial thromboplastin 85
time 468
Parvovirus B19 469
Patella subluxation and fracture 519
Patellar dislocation 518
Patellar fractures 518
Patent ductus arteriosus 110, 424, 451
Pectus carinatum 154
Pectus excavatum 154
Pediatric chest pain 154
differential diagnosis of 153t
Pediatric emergency 1, 5
concept of 5
medicine 5
services, organization of 5
Pediatric headache, neuroimaging in 268
Pediatric heart failure 109, 115
Ross classification of 111
Pediatric orthopaedic
emergencies 515
basic concepts of 516
knee injuries 518
Pediatric population 312
Pediatric-RIFLE criteria 189
Pedodontics 525
Pedodontist
in multidisciplinary team, role of 526
in preventive dental care, role of 528
Pefloxacin 673
Pelvic
inflammatory disease 321
ureteric junction obstruction 497
Pelvis 517
Pelvi-ureteric junction 497
Pelviuretero junction obstruction 210
Penetrating trauma 505
Penicillin
G 230
aqueous 675
benzathine 187, 675
procaine 675
V 187, 230, 675
Penile zipper entrapment 498
Pennyroyal oil 558
Pentamidine 231
Pentazocin hydrochloride 667
Pentazocine 568, 569
Peptic ulcer 316
disease 316, 332
forest classification of 336t
Peptide 609
receptor radionuclide therapy 38
Percutaneous vascular access 631
Pericarditis 155f, 157, 192, 217
acute 323
Perinephric blood 497
Peripancreatic collections, acute 490
Peripheral nerves 70, 530
Peripheral pulses, weak 412
Peripheral veins, accessible 625
Peritoneal dialysis 206, 217, 218, 452
catheter 221
acute 221
contraindications of 223
fluid, composition of 222t
physiology 219
technique 222
Peritoneal involvement 318, 319
Peritoneal irritation 321
Peritonitis 223, 317, 320, 321, 488
primary 324
Periumbilical
area 316
pain 321
Peroxidase 434
Peroxisomal disorders 248, 386
Persistent central nervous system 567
Pesticides 553, 558, 592
Petechial rash 391f
Pethidine 568
pH, measurement of 199
Phaces syndrome 301
Pharmacokinetics 578, 580, 581, 588, 592, 593
Pharmacological management 270
Pharyngitis 322
management, severe 186fc
Phenazopyridine 238, 556
Phencyclidine 555, 556
Phenformin 556
Phenindione 677
Pheniramine 584
maleate 689
Phenobarbital 580t
Phenobarbitone 11, 251, 255, 262, 577, 580
sodium 680
toxicity 580
Phenothiazines 276
Phenoxybenzamine 215
Phenoxymethyl penicillin 675
Phentolamine 692
Phenylephrine 89
Phenytoin 11, 238, 251, 254, 281, 577, 579t
overdose, acute 579
sodium 11, 262, 669, 681
toxicity 577, 578t
chronic 580
Pheochromocytoma 123, 215
Phonophobia 266
Phosphate 366, 399
bony resorption of 198
Phosphodiesterase 126, 414
inhibitors 88
Phosphorus
elemental 592
yellow 592
Photophobia 266
Photoplethysmography, interpretation of 637
Photostress test 295
Phototherapy
continuous 441
side effects of 441
Physiologic stress 455
Physiological dead space 61, 71
Physiotherapy 609
Physostigmine 558
Pickwickian syndrome 201
Piloerection 570
Pipenzolate methyl bromide 694
Piperacillin 231, 675
Piroxicam 667
Plasma 396, 473
amino acids, quantitative 384
ammonia concentration 582
B-hydroxybutyrate 467
bicarbonate 194
elevated 201
free fatty acids 467
lactate 386
reduction of 196
Plasmapharesis 275
Platelet
alloantigens, human 470
count 468
function
analyzer 469
disorders 471
transfusion 472
Plethora 361
Pleural effusion 167
Pleural fluid aspiration 174
Pleural tap, complications of 644t
Pleuritic chest pain 365
Pneumatoceles 177
Pneumonia 77, 138, 145, 160, 167, 169, 170, 170t, 201, 203, 422, 495, 572
basal 321, 322
recurrent 170
severe 170, 173, 175fc, 422
severity of 172
Pneumothorax 154f, 167, 173, 201, 413, 423, 630
Poiseuille's law 129
Poisoned child 553
Poisoning
foodborne 615
mild 565
moderate 565
severe 565
Poliomyelitis 201
Polyarteritis nodosa 358
Polyclonal antibodies 150
Polycythemia 370, 462
Polydipsia 242, 367, 394
Polyethylene glycol electrolyte solutions 558, 614
Polyhydramnios 416
Polymerase chain reaction 148, 327, 377, 393, 616
Polymethylmethacrylate 220
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes 320, 354
Polyps 324
Polysulfone 220
Polyuria 367, 394
despite dehydration 395
Pop-off valve 52
Porphyria 322
acute intermittent 243
Portal vein obstruction, extrahepatic 332
Positive airway pressure 168
Positive end-expiratory pressure 64, 73, 90, 121, 344, 345, 430, 537539, 568
Positive pressure ventilation 47, 50, 121
Postanesthesia emergence reaction 143
Postcardiac surgery 191
Post-chiasmal lesions 291
Post-hypercapnia 200
Postirradiation 304
Postpump chorea 274
Postresuscitation care 108fc, 109
Postresuscitation stabilization, drug for 11
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis 210
Post-viral myelosuppression 378
Potassium 200, 366
channel disorders 248
replacement 399
Potential blood clots 639
Potential metabolic derangements 280
Pouch of Douglas 492
Pralidoxime 558, 598
Praziquantel 685
Prazosin 238, 604
Prearrest hypothermia, severe 109
Precipitating status dystonicus 278b
Prednisolone 126, 167, 238, 681
Prehospital
care 545
treatment 606
Premonitory symptom 266
Preoxygenation 56
Preputial injury 497
Pressure autoregulation, impaired 311
Pressure immobilization method 606
Pre-status dystonicus
management of 281
treatment of 280
Priapism 374
Primaquine 693
Primidone 238, 681
Probiotics 444
role of 330
Procainamide 11, 103, 238
hydrochloride 669
Prochlorperazine 270, 683
Proinflammatory cytokine
activation 220
release of 212
Promethazine 584
hydrochloride 689
theoclate 683
Propantheline bromide 694
Propofol 11, 256
infusion syndrome 256
Propoxyphene 568, 569
Propranolol 11, 271, 692
hydrochloride 669
Proptosis 505
Prostaglandin 11, 93, 115, 116
Protamine sulfate 558
Protease inhibitors 603
Protein
catabolism 198
metabolism 438
Proteinuria 450, 566
Proteoglycans 122
Prothrombin gene mutation 303
Prothrombin time 86, 339, 342, 356, 383, 384, 468
Proton pump inhibitors 335
Protozoal disease 330
Proximal tibia 627
metaphyseal fractures 518
Pruritis 123
Pseudoephedrine 689
Pseudohemorrhage 473
Pseudomonas 368, 509
Pseudoterranova decipiens 618
Pseudotumor 506
cerebri, diagnosis of 270
Psychogenic nonepileptic events 276
Pubic symphysis 647
Pulmonary artery 110
catheterization 85
Pulmonary capillary blood flow 72f
Pulmonary circuit 429
Pulmonary congestion 427, 428
Pulmonary disease 202, 425
Pulmonary edema 71, 98, 160, 201, 203, 256
Pulmonary effects 534
Pulmonary embolism 71, 74, 156, 630
Pulmonary hypertension 157, 162, 198
persistent 418
Pulmonary stenosis 427
Pulmonary thromboembolism 160
Pulmonary vascular resistance 137, 412, 414, 426
Pulmonary vasoconstriction 74
Pulmonary venous congestion 113
total anomalous 110
Pulsatility index 311
Pulse
central 43, 80
characteristic of 86
loss of 628
O2 saturation 112
oximeters 636
oximetry 42, 417, 634
limitations of 637t
Pulseless electrical activity 106
Pulseless ventricular tachycardia 100, 105, 106
Pulsus paradoxus 139
Pump thrombosis 116
Pupillary examination 292
Purple glove syndrome 579
Purse string suture technique 222
Pyelonephritis, acute 208
Pyloric innervations, abnormal 483
Pyloric stenosis 319, 445, 483, 484f, 485f
clinical features 484
diagnosis 484
management 484
Pylorospasm 484, 566
Pyrantel pamoate 686
Pyrazinamide 232, 697
Pyridostigmine bromide 694
Pyridoxine 255, 263, 558, 681
deficiency 248
dependent seizures 255, 260
Pyrimidine metabolism disorders 386
Pyruvate 386
metabolism, disorders of 386
Q
QRS
complex tachycardia
narrow 99
wide 100
tachycardia 431
wide 431
Quetiapine 276, 589
Quinidine 238
Quinine dihydrochloride 693
R
Rabies specific immunoglobulins 696
Radial artery 632
Radial head dislocation 523
Radial nerve 523
Radiation 544
therapy, combination of 363
Radio contrasts 191
Radius and ulna 517
Rainbow technology 638
Raised intracranial pressure 264, 291, 361, 364
Ramipril 692
Ramstedt's pyloromyotomy 485f
Randomized controlled trial 149, 398
Ranitidine 92, 126, 239
Rapid diagnostic test, use of 392
Rapid eye movement 285
Rapid sequence intubation 11, 55, 56, 58, 597
Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram 507
Ravelli criteria 356t
Rectal diazepam 11
Rectum, examination of 317
Red blood cell 83, 122, 193, 207, 209, 209f, 210, 367, 433, 596
differential diagnosis of 371t
Red cell cast 209
Red eye, acute 504f
Red flag signs 269f
Red man syndrome 123
Red urine, causes of 207t
Refractive error 507
Refractory neonatal
epilepsies 260
seizures, drugs in 263
Regulatory brain volume decrease 243
Rehydration 399
Relative afferent pupillary defect, presence of 292
Renal angina index 191, 191t
Renal disease 204, 213, 224
Renal dysfunction 210, 225
Renal effects 534, 565, 575
Renal emergencies 189, 659
Renal excretion 225
Renal failure 198, 204, 256, 340, 567
acute 560, 574
intrinsic 192
Renal function test 112, 605
Renal glomerular endothelium 615
Renal injuries 497
Renal replacement therapy 89, 91, 206, 217, 452
classification of 218fc
initiation of 221
modality of 218
provision of 217
Renal system 86
Renal tubular acidosis 197, 199, 242
Renin angiotensin aldosterone
pathway 213fc
system 242
activation of 192
Renovascular hypertension 200
Reserpine 692
Respiration persists, labored 537
Respiratory acidosis 198, 201, 202
acute 168, 197, 201
causes of 201b
chronic 197, 201
concomitant 198
Respiratory alkalosis 201, 202, 385, 566
acute 197
causes of 203b
chronic 197
Respiratory arrest 168
Respiratory compromise, risk of 513
Respiratory conditions, management of common 420
Respiratory depression 243, 569
Respiratory diseases 169
Respiratory distress 42, 75, 98, 163, 165, 202, 416, 474
assessment of 416
cardiac cause of 418, 418t
causes of 416t
pulmonary cause of 418t
severe 147, 177
severity of 417, 417t
signs of 170
syndrome 507
Respiratory efforts 40
Respiratory failure 42, 69, 138, 139, 160, 163165, 165fc, 169, 278, 415
acute 73, 160
chronic 160, 202
clinical manifestations of 165t
etiology of 160
hypercapnic 73, 243
hypercarbic 160
hypoxic 160
management of 420fc
mechanical ventilation for 594
refractory 169
signs of 164t
symptoms of 164t
Respiratory function 278
Respiratory infections 318
Respiratory insufficiency, management of 76t
Respiratory issues 596
Respiratory muscles 70, 161
Respiratory papillomatosis, recurrent 514
Respiratory paralysis 608, 609
Respiratory pattern 86
Respiratory pump 70
Respiratory rate 8, 40, 41, 65, 75, 139, 147, 162, 175, 403, 417, 443
abnormal 42t
age-specific 84t
normal 187
Respiratory signs 555, 556t
Respiratory support 149, 344
Respiratory syncytial virus 145, 148, 182, 696
infection 146
Respiratory system 86, 121, 565, 570
physiologically 194
Respiratory therapist 136, 475
Respiratory tract infection 169
lower 145, 169
Respiratory viruses 146
Resuscitation 398
cardiopulmonary 3638, 40, 41, 43, 48, 49, 98, 99, 105108, 536, 537, 541, 610, 651
number of 6
pediatric 7, 36
staff 7
Reticulocyte count 436
Retinal artery thrombosis 357
Retinal detachment 505
Retinitis pigmentosa 301
Retinoblastoma 506
probable 506f
Retinopathy, hypertensive 214
Retrochiasmal pathways 290
Retropharyngeal area 304
Reye syndrome 566
Rhabdomyolysis 256, 572, 608, 611
risk of 281
Rhabdomyosarcoma 506
Rheumatic diseases, autoimmune 353
Rheumatic fever, acute 355
Rhinitis 146
Rhinologic emergencies 510
Rhinorrhea 570
Rhinosinusitis with complications 511
Rhinovirus 182
Ribavirin 699
Rickettsia 193
Rifabutin 231
Rifampicin 232, 556, 697
Rigid cervical collars 654, 655
Rigid longboards 655
Ringer's lactate 329, 546
Risperidone 276, 589
Rituximab 275, 374
Rocuronium 11, 58
Rodenticide 592
classification of 592
poisoning 592
Rotavirus 326
Roxithromycin 674
Rubella 469, 489, 502
RYR1 gene 279
S
Salbutamol 11, 92, 124, 126, 142, 703
inhalation 149
nebulization 193
Salicylate 198, 555, 556, 558, 559, 563
formulations 563
induced hepatic disease 566
poisoned 567b
poisoning
clinical manifestations of 565
toxic effects in 564b
toxicity 567
acute 565
chronic 566
laboratory abnormalities of 566t
toxicology of 563
Saline
administration of 201
normal 98, 329, 537
Saliva, drooling of 133
Salmeterol xinafoate 704
Salmonella 330, 375, 393
enteritidis 614
infections 614
species 614, 621
typhi 392
typhimurium 621
Salt water immersion 535
Saphenous vein 625
distal great 631
proximal great 631
Sawtooth P wave 99
classical 100f
Scalp vein 625
cannulation 626
Scalpels 222
Schistocytes 370
Sclerosing pan encephalitis, subacute 275
Sclerotherapy, endoscopic 336
Scombroid 555
Scopolamine 601
Scorpion envenomation 602
Scorpionidae 603
Scrotal edema, idiopathic 495
Scrotum, acute 495, 496, 496t
Scrub typhus 391, 391f
Seashore sign 645
Sedation 143, 281, 569
Sedatives, mild 497
Seizure 247, 300, 381, 386, 431, 510, 546, 569, 579, 589
acute 247
classification of 247f
clonic 259
coexistence of 270
epileptic 285
history of 260
management of ongoing 288
mimics 259
propagation of 247
termination of 250, 254
types of 259
Seldinger inserted catheters 218
Seldinger technique 221, 632
Selenium 555
Sellick maneuver 57
Sengstaken-Blakemore tube 336
Sensorium 269
Sensory examination 523
Sepsis 190, 191, 440, 445
concomitant 338
screening 341
severe 391
workup 418
Septic
arthritis 354, 519, 520
shock 84
management 87fc, 88t
Septicemia 320, 323, 443
Serotonin 603
syndrome 279, 555
Serum
albumin 436
ammonia 383, 389
anion gap 198
bicarbonate, low 382
bilirubin
measurement of 436
total 434
creatine kinase 604
creatinine 449
electrolytes 575, 604
glutamic
oxaloacetic transaminase 205
pyruvic transaminase 205
phenytoin concentrations 578t
salicylate concentration 566
transaminase concentrations 582
Sexual offences 4
Shiga-like toxin 615
Shigella
dysenteriae 615, 620
species 614
Shivering 570
Shock 79, 86t, 88, 89, 165, 190, 608
anaphylactic 91, 91t
assessment of 85t
cardiogenic 44, 81, 93, 114
compensated 44, 81
different types of 83
distributive 44, 81, 84
general management of 82
hemorrhagic 83
hypotensive 44, 81
hypovolemic 44, 81, 83
index 88
injury, electric 532
mechanism of 123t
monitoring of 86
obstructive 44, 81, 92
pathophysiology of 405, 410
resolution, therapeutic endpoints of 89
Shunt fraction 113
Sialidosis disease 275
Sickle cell
anemia 304, 322, 373, 374
disease 210, 304, 311, 548
trait 208
Sigmoid sinus 307
Silent chest 137, 138
Silicone catheter 639
Silverman Anderson's scoring system 163
Simethicone 695
Simultaneous resuscitations 6
Sinus
bradycardia 96
causes, occlusion of 307
node dysfunction 96
tachycardia 99, 100f, 100t
Skeletal injury 532
postelectric shock injury 532
Skeletal muscle 530
injury, complications of 531
mitochondria 588
Skin
color and temperature 43, 81
examination of 208
rashes 441
Sleep apnea
central 201
obstructive 201, 528
Sleep-wake cycles 286
Small bowel mesentery 485
Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome 408
Smoke, puff of 304
Snake poisonings 190
Snakebite 190, 605
treatment of 606
Socioeconomic status 534
Sodium
benzoate 239
bicarbonate 11, 193, 558, 586
therapy 199
use of 199
channel
blocking cardiotoxins 558
disorders 248
chloride 566
administration of 200
intravenous administration of 201
cromoglycate 704
dysregulation occur 242
fractional excretion of 449, 659
imbalance, disorders of 242
monofluoroacetate 592
morrhuate 336
nitroprusside 692
phenylacetate 239
supplementation 246
tetradecylsulfate 336
valproate 239, 263, 271, 577, 581
Soft Tenckhoff catheter 219, 223
Somatic skeletal neuromuscular dysfunction 604
Somatosensory evoked potentials 346
Sore throat 182, 183t
etiology of 182, 182t
examination 184
history 183
investigations 185
management 185, 186fc
Sotalol 559
Sparfloxacin 673
Special healthcare needs 526
Speech abnormalities 282
Spinal cord 70, 653
compression 361, 362
injury 123
lesions 201
Spinal immobilization 653
Spinal motion restriction 653
Spine, stabilization of pediatric 654f
Spironolactone 115, 239
Splenic sequestration 374
Spontaneous circulation, return of 36, 105, 106
Staphylococcal infection 172
Staphylococcus 509
aureus 90, 173, 182, 223, 354, 368, 375, 507
Status asthmaticus 77, 137
Status dystonicus 277280
complications of 278b
differential diagnosis of 279t
management of 281b
Status epilepticus 247249, 249t, 251t, 256
management of 251t
refractory 249, 251t, 255
Status migrainosus 264, 270, 272
Stavudine 701
Steam inhalation 150
Steeple sign 131f
Stem cell therapy 116
Stenosis 320
Sterile
gloves 639
lubricant 639
saline 639
Steroids 149, 167, 271
antenatal 451
use of 143
Stevens-Johnson syndrome 579
Stratosphere 645
Streptococcal infection 274
Streptococci viridans 378
Streptococcus 507, 509, 514
hemolyticus 319
pneumoniae 354, 368, 374
Streptokinase 176
Streptomycin sulfate 670, 698
Stridor 75, 130, 130f, 163, 663fc
differential diagnosis of 129
evaluation of 130
Stroke
acute 299
ischemic 303f
arterial ischemic 299
childhood 299
ischemic 302t
hemorrhagic 116, 299, 305, 306b, 306f
mimickers 300
differential diagnosis of 301t
perinatal 299
vascular localization of 300t
volume 80, 88, 412
Strychnine 592
Stupor 364
Sturge-Weber syndrome 248
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, diagnosis of 270
Subclavian vein 628, 629
Subcutaneous tissue 642
Subglottic
hemangioma 514
obstruction 129
Subhepatic appendicitis 318
Subtle seizures 259
Succinylcholine 58
Sudden cardiac
arrest 36
death 117
Sudden infant death syndrome 381, 386
Sulbactam 674
Sulfamethoxazole 676
Sulfite oxidase deficiency 304
Sulfonamides 676
Sulfonylurea toxicity 558
Sunlight
phototherapy, filtered 442
role of 442
Superior vena cava 72, 360, 361f
oxygen saturation 72
syndrome 204, 360362
Supportive therapy 420
Supracondylar fracture 522, 522f, 523
neurologic examination for 523
Supraglottic obstruction 129
Supraglottitis, acute 513
Suprapubic aspiration procedure 648
Suprasternal retractions 416
Suxamethonium 11
Sweating 570, 586
profuse 545
Swelling, acute 495, 495t
Swine flu 391
Sydenham's chorea 274
Sympathetic toxicity 604
Sympathomimetics 556
Symphysis pubis 222
Symptomatic bradycardia 96
signs of 96
Synaptic transmission 438
Synchronized cardioversion 103
technique of 104b
Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation 419
Syncope 117, 123, 510, 545
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
secretion 243, 244, 246, 361, 367, 566
treatment of 245
Synovial fluid 354t
Synovitis, transient 519
Synthesis 438
Syphilis 469
Systemic autoimmune
disorders 248
markers 257
Systemic blood flow 411, 413, 429
Systemic disorders 205
Systemic examination 292, 293
Systemic illness, severe 321
Systemic inflammatory
conditions 293
response syndrome 347
Systemic lupus erythematosus 96, 206, 208, 274, 307, 355, 356
Systemic oxygenation 313
Systemic vascular resistance 411, 414
Systolic blood pressure 81, 137, 211, 250
Systolic failure 112
Systolic ventricular dysfunction 110
T
Tachyarrhythmia 43t, 98, 431, 605
cut off 96t
drug therapy for 103b
management of 101
pediatric 102fc
Tachycardia 75, 145, 156, 204, 410, 412, 545, 555, 560, 566, 570, 587, 604, 612
premature ventricular 154
reversible causes of 102t
supraventricular 98, 99, 100f, 100t, 102, 103, 104, 431
ventricular 98, 100, 101f, 103, 104, 113, 556, 572
Tachypnea 75, 145, 154, 165, 168, 170, 204, 395, 412, 416, 566, 570
episodes of 198
transient 418, 420, 421f
Tandem mass spectrometry 465
Target perfusion pressure 88
Tazobactam 231, 675
Teeth, trauma to 525
Teicoplanin 231, 677
Telangiectasia, hereditary hemorrhagic 511
Temperature instability 440
Tenckhoff PD catheters 218
Tender hemiscrotum 495
Tenderness 496
Tenesmus 316
Tension pneumothorax 78, 92
diagnosis of 644
Terbinafine hydrochloride 684
Terbutaline 126, 142, 239
sulfate 704
Testicular appendages, torsion of 495
Testicular blood flow 496
Testicular torsion 493, 493f
clinical features 493, 494
diagnosis 493, 494
management 493, 494
tests for 496
treatment of 497
Testicular tumor 495
Testis
lie of 496
torsion of 495
Tetanus antitoxin 696
Tetracycline 231, 489
hydrochloride 677
Tetralogy of Fallot 428
Texidor's twinge syndrome 154
Thallium 555, 592
Theophylline 192, 559, 704
induced diuresis 143
serum concentrations 143
trials of 192
Therapeutic drug monitoring 224
Therapeutic pericardiocentesis 363
Thermal burns 505
Thiopentone 11, 58
Thoracentesis 174
positioning for 643
procedure 643f
Thoracic inlet 129f
Thoracoabdominal synchrony 417
Thoracocentesis 175
Thoracoscopic surgery, video-assisted 176
Throat 512
Thrombocytopenia 361, 368, 375, 470, 535, 565, 574, 615, 628
absent radii 469, 470
causes of 470t
congenital 471
amegakaryocytic 471
heparin-induced 169
Thrombolytic therapy 305, 628
Thrombophilic states 305
Thrombophlebitis 626
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 357, 470
Thumb sign 131f
Thyroid function tests 113
Thyrotoxicosis 112
Thyroxine
supplementation 207
toxicity 586
Tibia
and fibula 518
distal 627
Tibial and fibula shaft fractures 518
Tibial artery, posterior 632
Ticarcillin with clavulanic acid 675
Tics 274
Tidal volume 40, 64, 162
Tietze's syndrome 154
Tillaux and triplanar fractures 521
Tillaux fracture 521f
Tinidazole 330
Tissue
acidosis, worsening of 202
alkaline phosphatases 578
dilator 629
hypoxia 98
ischemia 212
oxygenation, assessment of 72
Tityus 602
Tobramycin 231, 670
Toddler's fracture 520, 520f
Tolmetin sodium 667
Tonic seizures 259
Tonic status epilepticus, refractory 256
Tonsillitis, acute 514
Topical anesthetic cream 625
Topiramate 239, 251, 256, 263, 268, 271, 272, 681
Torsades de pointes 100, 101f, 583
Toxemia 431
Toxic
alcohols 558, 559
effects 569
epidermal necrolysis 579
levels 622
rodenticides 592
moderately 592
Toxicity 142, 578, 601, 609
acute 578, 596
levels 554t
mechanism of 573
refractory 590
rodenticides, low 592
systemic 604
Toxicokinetics 592, 593
Toxicology 284, 553
screen 6
Toxidromes 554t
Toxin 42
dialyzable 559
exposure 109
levels 556t
Toxoplasma 502
Toxoplasmosis 469
Trachea 138
compression of 361f
upper 131f
Transcranial Doppler 303, 311, 346
Transcutaneous bilirubinometer 436, 437f
Transferrin
guidelines 334, 472
saturation 373
Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting 337
Trauma 209, 495, 504, 509, 510, 511, 513
genitourinary 497
history of 500
injuries, electric 532
Traumatic brain injury 309
Traumatic pediatric orthopedic injuries 524
Tremor 586
Treponema 514
Triamterene 239
Triclofos 497
Tricuspid atresia 427
Tricyclic antidepressants 548, 555, 556
Trifluoperazine 683
Trigeminal autonomic cephalgia 264
Triglyceride 356, 385
Trihexyphenidyl 280
Trimeprazine 584
Trimethoprim 676
Triplanar fracture 521f
Triprolidine hydrochloride 689
Triptans 270
Trocar, use of 221
Tropical fever 390, 391
causes of 391
Tropicamide 292
Troponin 6
Truncus arteriosus 428
Tryptase 122
T-tube 66
Tube thoracotomy 645, 646f
Tuberculosis 304, 408
Tubular necrosis, acute 217, 451
Tularemia 184
Tumor 211
cardiac 431
local effects of 360
lysis syndrome 361, 366, 378
acute 364
masses 312
necrosis factor-alpha 146
Turner's syndrome 204
Twin bag technique, manual 219
Typhoid 330
Tyrosinemia 341
U
Ulcer
corneal 504
gastroduodenal 321
Ulna nerve 523
Unawareness wakefulness syndromes 285
Unconscious child 287
Universal choking sign 48f, 650f
Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome 285
Upper aerodigestive tract, foreign body of 512
Upper airway
anatomy 128
diseases 128, 161, 417
emergencies 128
obstruction 42, 128, 129, 131, 132fc, 136, 664fc
causes of 130, 130t
effects of 128
severe 131
patency of 164
Upper extremity
fractures 516
peripheral nerve testing 522
Upper gastrointestinal
bleeding 332
endoscopy 336
Upper respiratory tract infection 156, 208, 322
Urea 566, 601
cycle disorders 380, 381, 383, 386
Uremia 320, 556
symptomatic 217
Ureterovesical junction 497
Urethral
calculus 497
injuries 497, 498
trauma 497
Uric acid 366, 384
Urinalysis 199, 209
Urinary alkalinization 567
Urinary ammonium 198
Urinary catecholamines 284
Urinary catheter, removal of 642
Urinary catheterization 640f
Urinary chloride, measurement of 201
Urinary ketones 396
Urinary pH, measurement of 198
Urinary retention 570, 604
Urinary symptoms 496
Urinary tract
decompression 497
infection 207, 209, 210, 445, 484f, 641, 647
acute 318
injuries 497
Urine
acute retention of 497
anion gap 198
centrifugation 209
collection 497
color 556t
dipstick test 209
microscopy 209
myoglobin 384
output 81, 89, 659
criteria 190
poor 98
pH 198
retention of 497
specific gravity 327
Uroflow bag 222
Urolithiasis 323
Urological emergencies 495
Urticarial rash 205
Uveitis 356
acute anterior 353
V
Vagal maneuver 102, 102f
Valacyclovir 231
Valganciclovir 231, 700
Valproate 251, 272, 281
sodium 681
toxicity 582
Valproic acid 255, 271, 489, 559
Valsalva maneuver 103
Valve
function 113
fusion 116
Vancomycin 191, 223, 232, 555
hydrochloride 677
Variceal bleeding 332, 336, 337fc
Variceal ligation, endoscopic 336
Varicella zoster 277, 469
immunoglobulin 696
Vascular cell migration 212
Vascular disease 460
Vascular endothelial injury 535
Vasculitis 192
secondary 304
Vasopressin 298, 414
antagonists 116
Vecuronium 11, 58
Veins, portal 342
Venom
composition of 605, 609
effect of 605
properties 603
Venous congestion, signs of 112
Venous cutdown 631
Venous oxygen
content 62, 72
saturation, mixed 72, 85
Venous sinuses 303, 308
Venous thromboembolism 90, 361, 365
prophylaxis 91
Venous thrombosis 626
Ventilation 61, 71, 72f, 98, 162
failure of 160
optimization of 109
perfusion mismatch 163
types of 72f
Ventilator 476
Ventricular assist devices 116
Ventricular fibrillation 98, 100, 105, 106, 556, 572
Ventricular premature complexes 113
Ventricular septal defect 110, 426
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt 219, 223
Venturi effect 129
Venturi mask 65, 66f
principle of 66f
Verapamil 239, 669, 692
Vertebrobasilar 299
Vertigo 510
benign
paroxysmal 510
positional 284
causes of 510b
peripheral 510
post-traumatic 510
Very low birth weight 450
Vesicostomy, cutaneous 497
Vesicoureteric reflux 192
Videoscopic technique 136
Vigabatrin 239, 263, 681
Viral fever 322
Viral gastroenteritis 320
Viral infection 183t, 371
Viral myocarditis 117
Viral pharyngitis 185f
Viral pneumonia 170, 171b
Virchow-Robin space 268
Virologic testing 148
Virus 326
Vision
assessment 292
field of 292
loss 295t
acute 290
bilateral 291
binocular 294fc
causes of transient 291b
Visual
acuity 292
assessment 439
disturbance 300
evoked potential 292
infusion phlebitis score tool 627t
Vital organ function 410
Vital signs 8, 204
Vitamin
A 503
K 336, 477
bleeding deficiency 471
deficiency 260, 469
Vocal cord
dysfunction 123
palsy, bilateral 514
paralysis 134, 514
Vomiting 154, 315, 319, 323, 400, 545, 566, 593, 594
bilious 323
persistent 407
severe isolated 394
von Hippel-Lindau syndrome 215
von Willebrand factor 468
Voriconazole 232, 684
W
Warfarin 239, 677
Warm extremities 89
Water-insoluble compounds 558
Weight loss 407
Westley croup scoring 77t, 133t
Wheeze 137, 138, 138b, 139, 172
Whipple's triad 463
White blood
cells 193
glucose 464
Whole bowel irrigation 558, 567, 613
Widal test 319
Wilms’ tumor 208
Wilson disease 276, 333
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome 371, 375, 471
Withdrawal syndromes 555
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome 113, 431
Wolman disease 408
World Health Organization 169, 327, 393, 533
Wrist 517
fractures, pediatric 521
X
Xenobiotic-induced diseases 618
Xerophthalmia 503, 504t
Xerostomia 528
Xiphisternum 222
Xylocaine jelly syringe 639
Y
Yellow springs instrument 456
Yersinia 182, 617
enterocolitica 617
Z
Zafirlukast 704
Zalicitabine 701
Zellweger disease 408
Zidovudine 12, 701
Zinc
phosphide 592
supplementation 329
Ziprasidone 589
Zonisamide 275
×
Chapter Notes

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