A
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 20
Adhesions, removing 60
Adjacent vertebral bodies, superior and inferior 62
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, treatment of 97
Allograft strut 28f
American Spinal Injury Association score 47
Ankylosing spondylitis 97
Aorta, arch of 19
Arterial thrombosis 93
Articular facet, superior 61
Atlanto-dens articulation 10
Avascular structure 11
B
Back pain 57
Bipolar cautery 47
Bipolar sealers 45
Blood volume, circulating 64
Body mass index 10
Bony
bridge 27
compression, removal of 17f
defect 42f
endplate structure 21
resection 36
resection proceeds 14f
vertebrae 12
Bupivacaine hydrochloride 82
C
Cage in situ 51
Cannulated pedicle screws 82
Cardiac arrest 47
Cauda equina compression 94f
Cement augmentation 102
Central canal stenosis, evidence of severe 94f
Central laminectomy and facet resection 101f
Cephalad trajectory 86
Cervial decompression and fusion, anterior 19
Cervical arthroplasty, implanted C5-6 25f
Cervical corpectomy 10
anatomy 10
and fusion, anterior 11
case presentation 16
complications 15
indications 11
technique 11
Cervical curettes 13
Cervical laminae 27
Cervical laminoplasty 27
anatomy 27
case presentation 29
complications 29
for myelopathy 29
indications 27
positioning for 28
technique 28
Cervical level 20
Cervical malalignment, correction of 11
Cervical pedicles 27
Cervical radiculopathy, treatment of 4
Cervical spinal cord compression, severe multilevel 30f
Cervical spinal, range of motion 23
Cervical sympathetic chain 12
Cervical total disc arthroplasty 19
case presentation 23
complications 22
surgical
indications 19
technique 20
Cervical vertebrae 3
Cervical vertebral level 12
Chiari malformations 60
Complex regional pain syndrome 49
Contoured rods in situ 69f
Coronal deformity 55
Costal demi-facets, inferior 35
Costal facets 53
Costovertebral joint 39f
Cranial vertebra for graft placement 14f
Craniocaudal direction 73
Cricoid cartilage 20
Cricothyroid ligament 11
D
Debridement 47
Deep cervical fascia 12
Diffuse spondylotic disease 5
Disc excision 13
Disc fragment 42f
Disc height restoration 91
Disc prep instruments 82
Discectomy and cage placement 92
Discitis 44
Dorsal soft tissue preservation 102
E
Eggshell procedure 47
Epidural
compression, high-grade 45
disease 50f
extension of tumor, bilateral 50
fat 60
hematomas 49
hemostasis 62
metastatic spine tumors 49
tumor 47
Epinephrine 82
Esophageal injury 22
Estimated blood loss 64
Extradural mass tumor, removal of 50
Extrapleural fashion 38
F
Facet capsules 28
Facetectomies, inferior 62
Fibrocartilaginous intervertebral discs 19
Fibrous tissue 60
Flank incision 90
Food and Drug Administration 20
Foraminotomy 6
Forced expiratory volume 64
Forced vital capacity 64
Free ribs 35
Free-run electromyography 93
H
Hanging traction, course of 67f
Hardware malposition 85
Hematoma 49
Herniated disc material, remove 40f
Herniated nucleus pulposus 27
Herniation, type of 39
Hip flexion, bilateral 49
Horner's syndrome 22
Human immunodeficiency virus 20
Hypertension, medical history of 41
Hypertrophied ligamentum flavum 5
I
Iliac spines, anterior superior 82
Iliocostalis laterally 73
Iliohypogastric nerve 92
Ilioinguinal nerve 92
Impingement 63
Incision and dissection 92
Instability, evidence of 8f
Instrumentation, unilateral 42f
Insulin-dependent diabetes 20
Interbody grafting 84f
Interlaminar space 27
Intramuscular planes, advantage of 81
L
Lamina 27
Laminae converge 27
Laminar mobilization 28
Laminectomy 46
abandonment of 41
C3 32f
defect 69f
kyphosis 27
T8 through –T12 42
unilateral 39
use of 39
Lhermitte's phenomenon, positive 29
Life-threatening complication 22
Ligamentous stabilizers 27
Ligamentum nuchae 5
Ligamentum, superficial 73
Longissimus 73
Lordotic sagittal cervical alignment 27
Lumbar corpectomy, anterior 91
Lumbar degenerative disc disease 91
Lumbar interbody fusion
anterior 90
lateral 90
anatomy 90
case presentation 93
complications 93
indications 91
techniques 91
anterior to psoas approach 92
transpsoas approach 91
posterior 90
Lumbar paraspinal muscles 81
Luque instrumentation 48
M
Matchstick burr 46
Minimally invasive decompression 77
Minimally invasive lumbar decompression for stenosis 79
Minimally invasive spine surgery 90
anatomy 73
case presentation 77
complications 77
goals of 73
indications 74
technique 74
contralateral decompression 75
incision
and docking 74
localization 74
ipsilateral decompression 75
tube
closure 77
withdrawal 77
Motion, absence of 20
Motion, range of 28
Motor and sensory examinations 50f
Motor-evoked potentials 11
Multiaxial reduction screws 61
Multiaxial screws 61
Musculoskeletal procedures 85
Myelomalacial changes 29
Myocardial infarction 77
N
Neck disability index 22
Neck pain 27
Neck posterior, musculature of 4
Neuropathy, central and peripheral 81
Neurovascular injury, causes 85
Neutral lordosis 20
Nuchal pain, rates of 29
O
Obesity 20
Oblique layer, internal 91
Obturator oblique, outlet 101f
Operative instrumentation 11
Osteomyelitis 44
Osteophytes 5
Osteotomies, multiple levels of 54
Osteotomy 47
P
Paget's disease 20
Pedicle medial, aspect of 47
Pedicle subtraction 47
Pedicle subtraction osteotomy 97
case presentation 103
complications 102
etiology 97
evaluation 98
indications 99
technique 99
Pelvic instrumentation 103
Persistent neurologic deficits, existence of 36
Plating and fixation, anterior 14
Platysma retraction 12
Polyetheretherketone 51
Polymethylmethacrylate 45
Proximal lumbar hyperlordosis 97
Proximal thoracic spine 44
Pseudoaneurysm 93
R
Radiofrequency, bipolar hemostatic sealer 102
Renal failure 20
Residual kyphosis 14
Retropharyngeal hematoma 22
Retrovertebral compression 16
Rigid fixation techniques 55
Rod passer 82
Roland-Morris questionnaire scores 93
S
Sacral vertical line, posterior 54f
Scheuermann's kyphosis 53
Scoliosis, severe 59
Selective nerve root injections 4
Sensory innervation 10
Sepsis 47
Shingles 41
Signs of cauda equine syndrome 81
Smith-Petersen osteotomy 99
Smith-Robinson, anterior cervical approach 13f
Spasticity 49
Spinal canal 49f
Spinal column 61
Spinal epidural abscesses 44
Spinal needle 5
Spinal nerve runs 3
Spine patient outcomes research trial 77
Stout interspinous 27
Strap muscles 13
Stroke 49
Sublaminar contralateral decompression 83
Supraspinous ligaments 27
T
Temporary concave rod 68f
anatomy 35
case presentation 41
complications 41
indications 35
surgical treatment of 35
technique 36
transpedicular approach for 40f
treated using different approaches 41
Thoracic facet joints 53
Thoracic motion 35
Thoracic transpedicular decompression 44
case presentation 49
complications 48
indications 44
technique 45
Thoracic vertebrae 35
Thoracolumbar
burst fractures, unstable 48
degenerative spondylolisthesis 91
junctions 44
transpedicular decompression 47
Thyroid tumors 45
Tracheoesophageal groove 19
Tranexamic acid, use of 60
case presentation 86
complications 85
contraindications 81
cortical screw technique 85
indications 81
technique 82
closure 83
discectomy 83
guide wire placement 82
incision and exposure 82
instruments 82
interbody device insertion 83
laminectomy/facetectomy 82
pedicle screw placement 83
postoperative protocol 83
tubular retractor placement 82
Transient reflex sympathetic dystrophy 49
Transpedicular
approach 48
unilateral 45
corpectomy 47
single-stage 47
procedures 47
vertebrectomy 47
Transpsoas approach 90
Transversalis fascia 92
Trapezoidal 75
Trendelenburg 5f
Tricompartmental stenosis, moderate-to-severe 86f
V
Vagus nerve 12
Vancomycin powder 45
Vasculature 4
Vertebrae, T1-T10 35
Vertebral column
distal 59
anatomy 59
case presentation 65
complications 64
neurologic 64
non-neurologic 65
indications 59
surgical technique 60
anesthesia considerations 60
procedure 61
spinal cord monitoring 60
Vertebral corpectomy 13
Vertebral discs, removal of 13
Vertebral wedging, severe 66f
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery techniques 38
Visceral complications 93
Visual analog scale 22
Vocal cords, evaluation of 12
Voice hoarseness 12