Expert Techniques in Ophthalmic Surgery Myron Yanoff, Parul Ichhpujani, George L Spaeth
INDEX
Page numbers followed by b refer to box, f refer to figure, fc refer to flowchart, and t refer to table.
A
Ab externo 352, 359
approach 946, 947
Ab interno 358
approach 946, 948
bleb revision 358
spatula 359
trabeculotomy 362, 362f, 364
Abducens nerve 447
Abraham contact lens 406
Absorbable sutures 27, 455, 547
Acanthamoeba 126, 144f
Acellular dermal matrix spacer graft 615f
Acellular dermis 618
matrix 615
Acetaminophen 485, 617
Acetazolamide 409
Acetylcholine exocytosis 512
Aclera 30
Acne 512
scarring, atrophic 530, 531f, 541
Acoustic neuroma 487
Acquired contracted socket, classification of 669f
Acrochordon 530
Active skin infection 531
Acyclovir 537
Adherence syndrome 889
Adhesive tapes 31
Adjunctive techniques 488, 492
Advanced glaucoma intervention study 359
Afferent pupillary defect 935
Age-related macular degeneration 257, 303
Ahmed and Baerveldt implants 398
Ahmed Baerveldt comparison study 374
Ahmed glaucoma valve 373
Ahmed implant 374
Ahmed study 374
Ahmed valve implant 374
Air
filled eye 203
fluid exchange 203, 261, 262, 324
injection 146
Akinesia, ocular 268
Albumin and glutaraldehyde products 30
Alcohol based agents 47
Alcon's cataract refractive suite, part of 20
Alkylimide 521
Allergan 300, 509
Allergic reaction 516, 824
Allergy 16
Allografts 568
rejection 151
Alloplastic acellular dermis, multiple types of 615
All-transretinoic acid 815
Alopecia 588, 824, 830f
Alphacor 161, 163
device 155, 156f
implantation 163, 164
keratoprosthesis 154, 155, 164
Aluminum oxide ceramic 457
Amblyopia 566, 572
Amelanotic nevi 541
American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 848
American Glaucoma Society 369
American Joint Committee On Cancer 797
American Society of Retinal Subspecialists 304
Amikacin 289
Aminocaproic acid 42
Amniotic membrane 167, 168, 179f, 360, 673
cryopreserved 167
graft 176, 670, 672
over tissue defect 179f
patch graft with suture 168, 169f
sutured patch graft after repeated corneal graft failure 173f
transplantation 167
clinical applications and outcomes 168
complications and limitations 175
contraindications 168
indications 167
procedures 168
Amniotocele 705
Amphotericin 289
Analgesia, ocular 268
Anesthesia 101, 119, 463, 761, 763
choice of 119
complications 272
general 11, 119, 314, 761, 827
hypotensive 42
intracameral 15
local 101, 297, 836
peribulbar 40, 229, 321
technique for topical 57
type of 40
Anesthetic medications, side effects of 13
Angle closure
acute 409
primary 405
glaucoma 124, 350, 356, 365, 401
Angle surgery 377
Anionic and cationic detergents 8
Aniridia, congenital 182f
Annulus of Zinn 631
Anophthalmia 676
congenital 676, 677f
Anophthalmic socket 663, 666
Anophthalmos, congenital 676
Anterior chamber 145, 222, 240, 391, 405
cell 287
depth 930
infusion 201, 282
intraocular lens 79, 131
invasion 826
irrigation 278f
lens 278
maintainer 74
paracentesis 837
Anterior ethmoidal
cell removal 641f
neurovascular bundle 633
veins 450
Anterior lamellar 462, 474, 475, 503
defects 504
deficiency 614f
predominates 614
keratoplasty 142, 142t, 143t, 145
complications 149
contraindications 143
indications 143
surgery 143f, 149t
surgical techniques 145
techniques, classification of 145t
repositioning 462, 473, 474f
retraction 616
shortening 477
Anterior rhexis 107
sizes 112
Anterior segment
ischemia 908, 914
optical coherence tomography 130f, 151, 151f, 152f, 392f, 407f, 931, 945
visualization 89
Antiangiogenic agents 836, 838, 839
Antibiotics 340, 343, 745
drop 263
intravenous 913
intravitreal 290, 314
ointment 290, 324
peri-injection 299
subconjunctival 784, 914
topical 47, 119, 298
Anticholinesterase drugs, topical 13
Anticoagulation 787
Antielevation syndrome 874
Antifungals 124, 340
Anti-inflammatory
agents 300, 745
drugs, systemic nonsteroidal 40
Antimetabolites mitomycin-C, intraoperative application of 356
Antimicrobials 124
agents 300
injection, intravitreal 295
Antiseptic
agents 46
topical 745
Antivascular endothelial growth factor 296, 357
agents 300, 340, 838
therapy 247, 357
Antivirals 340
Aphakia 131, 278
treatment 97
Aponeurosis
lower level of 555
white 564
Aponeurotic repair 556
surgery 553
Apply topical anesthesia 168
Apraxia 510
blepharospastic 918
Aquamid 521
Aquaphor 534
Aqueous drainage devices 397
Aqueous misdirection 124, 199
Aqueous outflow pathways 377f
Aqueous shunts 374
Arcus senilis, prominent 406
Argon laser 409
ablation 484
peripheral iridoplasty 408
trabeculoplasty 359, 362, 402
treatment 400, 401
Argon-neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet 406
Armamentarium, place of technique in 91, 111, 204, 223, 233, 243, 251, 264, 273, 286, 301, 308, 886
Artery
forceps 784
perfusion, central 258
Arthritis, juvenile idiopathic 278
Aspergillus fumigatus 695f
Aspiration
biopsy 748
maintaining 276
Aspirin 40, 41
preoperative 44
Asthma 3
Astronomical telescope 17
Atraumatic fashion 272f
Atrophic bulbi, right 688f
Atrophy
chorioretinal 805, 831f
choroidal 757, 832f
Atropine sulfate 946
Atypia 804
Auricularis muscle complex 665
Autogenous fascia 569
lata 663
Autograft, conjunctival 184
Autologous grafts, donor site morbidity for 612
Automated lamellar therapeutic 145
keratoplasty 147
technique 149f, 152f
Autonomy 963
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome 378, 401
B
Bacillus
coagulans 46
stearothermophilus, spores of 8
subtilis 8
Back pain, infusion-related 757
Bacteria, strains of 918
Bacterial spores 8
Baerveldt glaucoma implant 373, 374, 426
Baerveldt study 374
Bag-in-the-lens
dislocation, post-traumatic anterior 110f
foldable intraocular lens 109
implantation 98
instruments 109t
intraocular implant 109f
technique 105
in cataract surgery 105
Balanced salt solution 134, 135f, 422
Baldness, male-pattern 588
Band placement 213
Bandage contact lens 939
Barbie retractors 847
Bard-Parker knife 784
Barraquer needle holder 784
Barraquer wire speculum 117, 784
Barron corneal donor button punches 118
Basal cell carcinoma 692
Basal tumor diameter 794
Basement membrane 168
Bayonet instrument 458
Beard's rule 555
Bell's palsy 487
Bent and broken eyelashes 601f
Berger's space 107
Berke's nomograms 556
Berke's rule 555
Berlin's edema, presence of 932f
Best-corrected visual acuity 68
Betadine 119
Betharia's modified technique 550
Better visual acuity 131
Bevacizumab 41, 278, 296, 299
Bevel incision 200
Bicrbonate 191
Big bubble
injection 148f
technique 145, 146, 146f, 147f, 150, 151f
modified 146
Bimanual nuclear prolapsed technique 72f
Binocular indirect ophthalmo microscope 21, 327
Binocular viewing system 17
Biodegradable stabilization device 492
Biological adhesives 178b
Biomicroscopy, ultrasound 945, 945f, 948f
Biopsy 639, 747
complications 750
conjunctival 799
contraindications 747
excisional 749, 620, 750
incisional 748, 750
indications 747
postoperative care 750
preoperative care 747
specific instrumentation 750
surgical technique 748
transretinal 748, 763
Bipolar cautery 455, 659, 784
Bird's eye view 328
Bishop-Harmon dressing forceps 846
Black cataracts 72
Black silk suture 848
Bladed lid speculum 287, 289
Blakesley forceps 459
Bleach 8
Bleaching agents, topical 536f
Bleb
dysesthesia 396
encapsulation of 393, 394f
extension onto cornea 396f
failure 396
late leak 396
leaks 176, 438
needling 397f
ab externo 357
window 396
Blebitis 395
initial management of 396
Bleeding 272, 572, 800
intraoperative 39, 40
Blepharitis 396
Blepharoconjunctivitis, chronic 473
Blepharophimosis syndrome 600
Blepharoplasty 481, 547, 547t, 562f, 574, 575f, 605, 606b
common indications for 575f
complications 584
contraindications 574
East Asian 601, 604f
incisions 577
indications 574
postoperative care 584
simultaneous lower lid 538
surgery 543
surgical
steps of upper lid 578f
technique 574
transconjunctival lower lid 584f
transcutaneous lower lid 582f, 583f
upper 605f
Blepharoptosis 566, 572, 601, 604
Blepharospasm 509, 918
bilateral 510f
severe 475
treatment for 517
Blepharotomy 614
Blind disfigured eye 680
Blind painful phthisical eyeball 680f
Blindness
causes of 94
childhood 94
Blood
component 42
count, complete 191
laboratories 338
urea nitrogen 191
Blowout fracture 906
Blumenthal technique, modified 74
Blunt
dissection 474, 621
ocular trauma 932f, 934f
tipped needle holders 117
tissue dissection 42
Bone 456
fractures, temporal 487
marrow suppression 824
mobilization 623
Bony contraction 675
Bony orbital
cavity 698f
margin 929
Bony ostium 710
formation 714
Bony rim, supraorbital 588
Boston keratoprosthesis 151f, 154, 156158, 160162, 164
implantation 162
surgery 161
Bothersome symptoms 299
Botulinum injection 510, 919f, 920
Botulinum toxin 493, 513, 513t, 594, 618, 917919
brow lift 518f
for lower face and neck 519f
injections 493, 509, 511f, 919f, 920t, 921
complications 515
contraindications 512
functional and esthetic 509
postprocedure care 518
preparation of 918
technique 514
potency 512
techniques 590
type
A 509
B 509, 513
Bowman probe, double ended 706
Bowman's layer 121
Bowman's membrane 159
Bow-tie technique 896, 896f
Brachytherapy 744f, 754f, 760, 768
adjunctive 783, 784, 789
contraindications 760
indications 760
mechanism of action 764
of juxtapapillary tumors 768
postoperative care 765
preoperative care 761
specific instrumentation 765
Bradycardia 12, 655
Braided polyester 568
Brightness acuity tests 56
Brimonidine 124
topical 409, 912
Brow deflation 524
Brow depressors 588f
Brow elevator 588f
Brow lift
procedures 607, 610t
techniques, synopsis of different 591t
types of 609b
Brow position 575
Brow ptosis 487f, 601
bilateral 576
correction 488, 492
leading 587
measurement 589
mild 607
needs 588
premature 607
severe 599, 599f
temporal 587
Brow repair 587
evaluation 588
indications 587
postoperative care 594
preoperative preparation 590
surgical technique 590
Bruch's membrane 261
Brunescent cataract 101f
Bubble test, small 150
Buccal fat pad 636
Buccal scarring, excess 161
Buckling procedures, anterior 947
Bulbar conjunctiva
amount of 732
upper and lower 693f
Bulbar conjunctival tumor, excision of 798f
Bulbar irritation 467
Bulla ethmoidalis 641f, 703f
Bullous keratopathy, postsurgical 131
Bupivacaine 463, 921
contraindications 921
mechanism of action 921
per injection, dosage of 922t
Burns
foveal 307
severe 530
chemical 164
Buttonhole conjunctival incision 583
C
Cadaveric conjunctival limbal allograft 184
Cadaveric human eyes 198
Calcium 191
hydroxylapatite 521
Calipers 773, 839
Callisto eye 22f
Callisto system 22
Canal surgery 389
Canalicular bypass tube 740
placement of 737
Canalicular debris, evacuation of 733
Canalicular inflammations 740
Canalicular injury 735
extent of 735
surgery for 735
Canalicular laceration 735
repair 458
Canalicular occlusion, inferior 733f
Canalicular patency 735, 740
Canalicular plugs, placement of 733
Canalicular repair 736f
Canalicular stenosis 459, 704, 732f
Canalicular stents 458
Canalicular structure 730
Canalicular surgery 732
Canalicular syringing 735
Canaliculi 511, 702
Canaliculitis
acute 704, 705f
chronic 734f
infective 733
Canaliculostomy, retrograde 736
Canaliculotomy 733, 735f
Canaliculus 738
proximal upper 737f
Canaloplasty 430, 433
phacoemulsification with 67
with suture tensioning 432f
Cancer, ocular 770
Cannulas 119
self-retaining 248
Can-opener peritomy 208
Canthal malposition 482
Canthal tendon 463
elongated 463
fixate 462
stable lateral 463f
superior crus of lateral 615
Cantholysis 491, 506, 636
inferior 479f, 491, 507
Canthoplasty 41, 615
Canthotomy 491, 506, 623
approach 623f
Canthus, lateral 504, 600
Capsular block syndrome 91
Capsular opacification, posterior 105
Capsular tension ring 72, 79
Capsular tension segments 79, 80, 80f, 81f, 85, 85f
peritomy and incisions 80
postoperative management 84
preoperative considerations 80
surgical technique 80
Capsule
management, anterior 95
phimosis 66f
radial tears, anterior 91
rupture, posterior 101
tears, posterior 91
Capsulectomy 291
complete 327
Capsulopalpebral head 854, 912
Capsulorhexis 59
continuous curvilinear 68, 106
posterior 96, 98
technique 61f
Capsulotomy
diathermy-cut 96
free floating 89
performing 70
Captique 521
Carbon dioxide 453
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor 14, 379
Carboplatin 829
Carcinoma 760
in situ 815
sebaceous 692, 815, 817, 818
Cardiovascular disease 44, 322
Carotid artery, internal 826
Caruncular tumor 798
Castroviejo caliper 846
Castroviejo fixation forceps 117, 846
Castroviejo needle holder 784, 846
Cataract 67, 68, 199, 240, 257, 314, 340, 349, 359, 757, 785, 805, 839, 940
classification system 100
congenital 105
dense 91
brunescent 100f
diabetic 105
extraction 89, 291, 292, 299
dislocated 84
hard 63
brown 72
hypermature 70, 72
incisions 58
clear corneal 58
near-clear corneal 59
scleral 58
phacoemulsification
in hard 100
of brown 102
progression 272
radiation-induced 767
removal 21
subluxated 72
surgery 17, 40, 53, 55, 56, 105, 287
complication of 105
consideration of 199, 257
small-incision 100
technique in 98
under local anesthesia 14b
traumatic 930f, 931f, 935f, 945f
types of 71
uveitis-associated 105
Cataractous lens, subluxation of 932f
Cavaderic dissection 703f
Cavernoma 646
Cavernous sinus 448f
Ceftazidime 289, 296
Cellophane retinopathy 267
Cellular
aqueous reaction 914
stratum basale 531
Cellulose 42
Central corneal scarring 116f
Central nervous system 13, 824
Central retinal artery 16, 231
occlusion 297, 324, 527
Cerebral
angiography 829
ischemia 829
Cerebrospinal fluid 636
leak 648
Cerebrovascular accident 487
Charge syndrome 487
Chemical
burn, acute 174
injury 193f
ocular injury 182f
strengthening 871
trauma 117
Chemodenervation 512
Chemoprophylaxis 822
Chemoreduction 821, 822, 824
Chemosis 617, 930
conjunctival 287
Chemotherapy 753f, 822, 824, 828
infusion 827
intra-arterial 826, 827, 830f-833f
systemic 745, 821, 833f
Chemothermotherapy 756, 822
Chicken suture 889, 891
Chloramphenicol suffices 733
Chlorhexidine
drop, aqueous 299
gluconate 47
dilution of 47
Chloride 8, 191
Cholinergic nerve terminals 512
Chop techniques 62
horizontal 62
prechop 63
ultrachopper 63
vertical 62
Chorioretinal biopsy 43, 342, 343f
complications 342
indications 342
techniques 342
Chorioretinopathy, central serous 257, 303
Choroid retinal pigment epithelium 804
Choroidal detachment 161, 222, 281
complications 285
contraindications 282
hemorrhagic 281
indications 282
intraoperative 284
mechanism of action 285
postoperative care 285
presence of large 278
residual 285
specific instrumentation 285
surgical
repair of 281
technique 282
types of 281
Choroidal drainage, quadrant of 283
Choroidal invasion, massive 822
Choroidal melanoma 749f
adjunctive treatment of 752
amelanotic 755f, 757
endoresection of 793
exoresection of 779
inferonasal 779f, 793f
juxtapapillary 774f
long-duration phototherapy of 757f
resection of 781f, 782f
small 757
temporal 772f
Choroidal neovascular membrane, development of 307f
Choroidal osteoma 755, 756, 757
involving fovea 755
Choroidal oxygen, diffusion of 306
Choroidal tumor, excision biopsy of 749
Choroidectomy 743
partial 779
Cicatricial lower lid entropion, severe 472
Cicatricial middle lamellar scarring 582
Cicatrization 481
Ciliary arteries, posterior 914
Ciliary block 394
glaucoma 393
Ciliary body 433, 766f
ablation procedures 427
excision biopsy of 749
involvement 794
melanoma 791f
Ciliary ganglion 12f
Ciliary nerve
long 12f, 307
short 12f
Ciliary sulcus 328f
underinflation of 423f
Ciliary vessels, anterior 858f
Cincinnati procedures 186f, 187
modified 186f, 187, 192
Clark's speculum 799
Clindamycin 296
Clopidogrel 40
Close scleral flap 384
Clostridium
bacterium 512
botulinum 917
Coats disease 745, 804, 805
Cocaine 11, 458
Colibri forceps 83, 789
Colibri-style Polack double corneal forceps 117
Collaborative initial glaucoma treatment study 353
Collaborative ocular melanoma study 767, 813
Collagen 42, 520, 532
Coloboma, surgical 779f, 7903f
Color vision, reduced 307
Colored glaucoma graph 348f, 963f
Combat ocular trauma 315
Computed tomography 800
imaging 934
scan 772, 776
Concha bullosa 728
Congenital glaucoma 378, 388, 401
evaluation under anesthesia 378
Conjunctiva 27, 27f, 184, 370, 370f, 372f, 379, 437f, 480f, 562f, 683f, 690f, 784, 790, 797f, 811f, 851, 852, 860, 898f, 919, 929, 941
bulbar 895
dissection of 809f
excision of 480f
inflamed 183
map biopsy of 498
normal 183, 192
previously inflamed 183
spring scissors, for 784, 790
Conjunctival allograft
living-nonrelated 184
living-related 184
surgery, living-related 193f
Conjunctival closure 220, 356, 372, 398f, 762, 764, 783, 790, 794, 862
Conjunctival disease 182, 193f, 472
bilateral 192
Conjunctival dissection, fornix-based 353f
Conjunctival erosion 29f
over tube 398f
Conjunctival flap 156f
opening center of 156f
superior and inferior 221f
Conjunctival forceps 839
Conjunctival fornix 723
Conjunctival incision 356, 370, 622, 672, 676, 848, 852f, 884
Conjunctival limbal
allograft surgery 185f
autograft 181, 184
grafts 186f
Conjunctival melanocytic intraepithelial neoplasia 747, 749, 804, 815, 817
Conjunctival resection, excessive 482
Conjunctival scarring 168, 474, 668
Conjunctival sieve/mesh 672
Conjunctival surface, medial 633
Conjunctival suturing 355f
Conjunctival tumor 168, 748, 749, 760, 799, 804
excision 743, 797
biopsy of 749
complications 800
contraindications 797
indications 797
mechanism of action 799
postoperative care 799
preoperative care 797
specific instrumentation 799
technique 798
topical therapy for 815
Conjunctivitis 396, 913
Conjunctivochalasis 168
obstructing punctum 704
Conjunctivomüller flap, creation of 560
Conjunctivomüllerectomy 549, 550, 605
Connective tissue 851
complex 856
Conservative conjunctival peritomy 42
Constipation 824
Contact lens 585
associated risks 307
chronic use of 543
macular 259, 318
Continuous suturing technique 372f
Contracted socket 668, 670t, 672674, 691
acquired 668, 670t
indications and goal of surgery 670
surgical techniques 670
Contralateral eyelid 602
crease position 554
Core vitrectomy 276
Cornea 30, 27f, 104, 116, 184, 257, 316f, 929
center of 797f
central 116f
conjunctivalization of 181, 181f
neurotrophic 116
removal of 689, 690f
severe conjunctivalization of 182f
supplies for gluing 177f
temporal peripheral 339f
touch 606f
typical donor 118f
Corneal abrasion 91, 299, 307
Corneal converging power 201
Corneal debridement 799
Corneal decompensation 240, 275, 292
Corneal defect 91
Corneal disease 86
Corneal dystrophies, endothelial 131
Corneal edema 127f, 222, 279, 287, 292, 406, 914
inferior 940f
persistent 398
severe 131
Corneal endothelial
burns 409
damage 74
Corneal endothelium 339f
Corneal erosion, recurrent 168, 170
Corneal exposure 477
Corneal extension 396f
Corneal graft
rejection 126
repeat 131
Corneal higher order aberrations, posterior 131
Corneal incision, internal 70
Corneal injury 530
prevent 538f
Corneal laceration 937, 940f
management of 942
repair 938f, 941f
small 937
Corneal opacity 406
Corneal paracentesis 356
Corneal perforation 143, 176, 177, 178f
sealed using cyanoacrylate glue 178f
Corneal protectors lubricated 577
Corneal scarring 181, 182f, 199
Corneal stromal
dystrophies 143
scarring 194f
Corneal surgeries 113
Corneal suturing 20, 938
Corneal thinning 176
disorders 143
Corneal touch 600f
Corneal transplantation 117, 131, 154, 173, 199
Corneal ulcers
inferior 127f
nonhealing 511
Corneal wound 938, 942
revision 938f
Corneo-limbal tissue 354f
Corneoscleral laceration 939
slit-lamp photograph of 930f
Coronal subperiosteal approach 594
Correction of eyelid retraction 612
complications 617
contraindications 612
indications 612
postoperative care 617
surgical
outcomes 617
techniques 612
Corrugator supercilii 588f
muscle 588f
Cortex
aspiration 76
tangential stripping of 65f
Cortical cataracts, mature 71
Cortical lens, anterior 277f
Cortical vitreous, posterior 267
Corticosteroids 282
Corynebacteria 46
Cosmetic 512
blepharoplasty, consequence of 612
botulinum injection 542f
injections 541
Cotton tip applicators 659
Cranial fossa, anterior 443, 628
Cranial nerve
fifth 12f
palsy 566, 568
tenth 12f
Craniotomy 628
Cranium 620
Crawford fascia stripper 572
Creatinine 189
Cribriform plate 641f
Crigler massage 708
Crista galli 641f
Crocodile tear syndrome, treatment of 494
Crow's feet
crease 581
periocular 517f
Cryosurgery 745, 803, 806
complications 805
contraindications 804
indications 803
mechanism of action 805
postoperative care 805
preoperative care 804
specific instrumentation 805
surgical technique 804
Cryotherapy 221, 412, 484, 485, 799, 837, 946, 948f
conjunctival 805
for trichiasis 484f
intraocular 804
treatment 211f
Crystalline lens 199, 272, 339
Curvilinear capsulorhexis 95f, 96f, 108f
techniques for continuous 60f
with Utrata's forcep 59f
Cyanoacrylate 30, 176
Cyclodestructive procedures 412
Cyclodialysis 944, 945
cleft 945f, 948
inadvertent 392
management of 944
Cyclopentolate 58
Cyclopexy 947, 948
Cyclophotocoagulation 412
complications 416
contraindications 413
indications 412
mechanism of action 413
postoperative care 416
specific instrumentation 413
surgical
outcomes 416
technique 414
Cycloplegia 343
Cycloplegic medication, topical 282
CyPass supraciliary microstent 363f, 365
Cyst
conjunctival 912, 913
dermoid 443
Cystoid macular edema 222, 275, 296, 324, 335, 340, 838f
Cytokines 41
Cytomegalovirus 190, 191
retinitis 295
Cytoplasmic granules 750
D
Dabigatran 40
Dacryocystitis
acute 704, 705f, 712f
chronic 711f
repeated episodes of 705
Dacryocystocele, congenital 705f
Dacryocystorhinostomy 40, 456, 713f, 730, 736
anesthesia 712
complications of 716
external 600, 710
in special situations 717
incision 717f
indications of 710, 711f
postoperative treatment 716
preoperative preparations 712
results of 718
surgery 713f
osteotomy in 711f
surgical
anatomy 710
procedure 713
types of 720
with fistulectomy 717
Dacryostenosis
congenital 702, 705f
partial acquired 704
primary congenital 704
secondary congenital 704
Damaged endothelium, better anatomical replacement of 131
De Wecker scissors 356
Debulk persistent scars 536
Decompression
five walls of 631
ocular 780, 789
surgery 628
anatomic review 628
Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty 143f, 145
Deep scleral flap, excision of 434f
Depressor
anguli oris 510f
supercilii 588f
muscle 588f
Dermabond 177f
Dermatitis
irritant 537
periocular 511
Dermatochalasis 552, 601, 604, 605
concurrent 589
severe 600
Dermis fat 615
graft 616f, 665, 673, 676
autologous 670
implantation, technique of 665f
Descemet's membrane 118, 130, 130f, 134, 142, 146f, 359
automated endothelial keratoplasty 130
endothelial keratoplasty 130, 137f
detachment 136f
graft 136f, 137f
injectors 135f
microperforation of 149
Descemet's stripping 115
automated endothelial keratoplasty 130, 130f, 131, 133f, 138f
endothelial keratoplasty 130
Descemetic deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty 146f, 151f
Descemetocele 143, 176
Descemetorhexis 130
Desmarres retractor 455f, 545, 846
Desmarres scarifier 784
Desmopressin 42
Dexamethasone 289, 296
implant 300, 838
Diabetes 3, 189, 303
Diabetic retinopathy 296, 318, 320t
advanced 320, 322
clinical research 308
indications for vitrectomy in 321t
proliferative 41, 303, 320, 322f, 325f, 336
study 303, 308, 320
treatment of 318, 319f
Diarrhea 824
Diathermy, intraocular 202
Difluprednate 357
DiGeorge syndrome 487
Digital pressure 119
Diode
laser phototherapy 753f
transscleral cyclophotocoagulation settings 415t
Diploic vessels, bleeding of 636
Diplopia 398, 516, 584, 648, 650, 652, 655, 658, 920
persistent 640, 767
Dipyridamole 40
Direct brow lift 611f
Disaccharide unit 520
Disciform
macular degeneration 785
scar formation 246
Disk damage likelihood scale 348, 349f, 350
Disposable drapes 48
Dissection, peripheral 276
Distal lacrimal outflow obstruction 730
Distal levator 564
Distichiasis 461, 483
Donor cornea 121f
instruments for preparation of 118
Donor sclera 665
Donor tissue
considerations 187
placement of 186, 188
preparation 187
Dorsal midbrain syndrome 613
Dorzolamide 278
Double armed partial thickness sutures 555
Double continuous suture 121, 123
closure 123f
Double eyelid surgery 601
Doxycycline 534
Drainage
choroidal 283f, 284f, 285
complications 222
retinotomy 203f
site, external 220f
Draping, technique of 48, 49f
Drill holes 625
Dry eye 170, 477, 516
Duane's retraction syndrome 873875, 895, 906, 917
Ductal cysts 705f
Dummy plaque 783
Dyschromia, postinflammatory 536
Dysmorphism 522
Dysplasia, fibrous 441
Dysthyroid optic neuropathy 630, 631, 639, 648
Dystrophies 117
E
Early treatment diabetic retinopathy study 304
Ecchymosis 516, 617, 929
after cosmetic surgery 530, 541
conjunctival 40
Ectasias 143
Ectropion 477, 516, 617
cicatricial 481, 538, 584
paralytic 481
repair 547
Edema 705f, 757, 929
Elastic fibers 532
Electrolysis 484, 485
Electromyogram 918
Electroretinogram 827
Ellman round ball tip 578
Emmetropic eyes 231f
En bloc
dissection 324, 325, 325f
excision 800
End plate, attachment of 370
Endo optiks system 329
Endocyclophotocoagulation, phacoemulsification with 67
Endodiathermy 43
Endodrainage 324
Endolaser
photocoagulation 248, 324, 794
retinopexy, peripheral 261
Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy 41, 720
adjunctive procedures 728
complications 728
contraindications 721
controversies 728
indications 720
postoperative care 728
surgical
aims 721
outcomes 721, 728
Endonasal surgical steps, endoscopic 725
Endophthalmitis 91, 138, 142, 163, 200, 287, 288f, 289t, 290, 291, 293f, 295, 299, 324, 412, 688, 839, 913, 935
antibiotic in 299
bacterial 287
bleb-related 291, 395
cause of 287
endogenous 287, 291, 293
infectious 161
majority of 198
severe 688f
traumatic 927
treatment of 287
vitrectomy study 287, 288b, 300
Endoresection 795
primary 793
Endoscopic brow lifting 459
Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation 335, 412, 415, 417, 421, 423, 423f, 426
complications 425
contraindications/cautions 422
indications 421
mechanism of action 424
plus 424
postoperative care 424
specific instrumentation 424
surgical technique 422
technique for 423f
Endoscopic vitrectomy 315, 327, 329, 334t, 336
complications 333
contraindications 329
indications 327
instrumentation 333
mechanism of action 332
postoperative care 333
surgical technique 329
Endothelial cell
damage 149
density 139
loss 101, 139
Endothelial dysfunction, causes of 117, 131
Endothelial dystrophy, congenital hereditary 131
Endothelial failure, late 139
Endothelial keratoplasty 129, 130f, 131, 131t
advantages 129
early 130
indications for 131
modern 130
number of 129f
Endothelial replacement 139
Endotine forehead devices 459
Endotracheal anesthesia, general 119
Endotracheal mask 414
Enophthalmos 650, 651, 652, 654, 655, 830, 929
amount of 652
minimal 652
objectionable 653, 654
severe 651, 652
Entropion 461, 516, 552
acquired 462, 464
cicatricial 470
classification of 461
congenital 461, 463, 463f
involutional 467, 470
Enucleation 743, 807
complications of 684, 686f
contraindications 808
conventional technique of 681
indications of 679, 680f
mechanism of action 813
postoperative care 684, 813
preoperative care 808
primary 807
specific instrumentation 813
surgery 681
preoperative evaluation 681
surgical technique 808
Enzyme 249
Epiblepharon 461, 463, 464f, 601, 607, 607f
correction 465f, 601, 606
Epicanthal fold
medial 602f
presence of 600
Epicanthoplasty, medial 601
Epicanthus
inversus 600
palpebralis 600
supraciliaris 600
tarsalis 600
Epidermal growth factor receptor 751
Epimacular proliferation 223
Epinephrine 42, 287, 544, 681
Epinucleus removal, performing 76
Epiphora 488, 516
relief of 720
Epiretinal membrane 199, 253, 257, 267, 267f, 269f, 270f, 324
formation 307, 805
fundus photograph of 273f
mild 244f
moderate 314f
Episclera 27f
Episcleral tissue 929
Episcleral venous pressure, elevated 401
Epistaxis 648
Epithelial defect
persistent 126, 168, 193f
recurrent 181
Epithelial growth 168
Epithelial healing, delayed 168, 173
Epithelial ingrowth 149
Epithelial migration, conjunctival 456
Epithelioid cells 768f, 788f
Epithelium, dermis fat graft after removal of 616f
Epstein-Barr virus 191
Erythema 705f
irregular 537
multiforme 473
periocular 829
persistent 530
prolonged 536, 537
Erythematous scarring 530
Escherichia coli 46
Esotropia 863t, 866
postoperative 642
surgery 915
treatment of 869
Essen forceps 749f
tip of 749f
Esthetic laser facial rejuvenation 530
Esthetic oculoplastic armamentarium 538
Ethmoid 628
bone 445f
cells, posterior 634
posterior 634f
wall of 634f
sinus 444
mucocele 445f
sinusitis 445f
Ethmoidal artery, posterior 642f
Ethmoidal foramina 444
Ethmoidal nerves, posterior 448
Ethmoidectomy, partial anterior 728
Ethyl alcohol 8
Ethylene oxide 8
Evisceration surgery
complications 691
contraindications 689
indications 688
postoperative care 689
surgical technique 689
Ex vivo cultivated
cadaveric
conjunctival allograft 184
limbal allograft 184
conjunctival
autograft 184
transplantation 127, 183, 184
limbal
autograft 184
transplantation 127, 183
living nonrelated
conjunctival allograft 184
limbal allograft 184
living related
conjunctival allograft 184
limbal allograft 184
mucosal transplantation 127, 183, 184
oral mucosa autograft 184
Exaggerated traction test 847f
Excision 797
Exenteration 743
complications of 700f
Exogenous endophthalmitis, prevent 310
Exophthalmos, malignant 639
Exotropia 863t
intermittent 874
residual 869t
treatment of 869
Extensive peripheral anterior synechiae 378
Extracapsular cataract
extraction 68
surgery 100
Extracellular matrix 258
Extracranial spaces anteriorly 630
Extraocular disease 821, 826
Extraocular motility 650, 928
Extraocular muscle 398, 447f, 648, 681, 682f, 852f, 857, 909, 919f
action of 849
anatomy of 224f, 445f
entrapment 655
evidence of 651
fibers 857
residual 681
from limbus 224f
loss of 684
microanatomy 857
surgeries 843
vascular supply to 857
Extraocular tumor spread 794
Exudative retinal detachment 805
Eye Bank Association of America Statistical Report 116
Eye 50, 432
aphakic 243, 289, 421
bank tissue preparation 187
cage
alignment device 109
device to center caliper placement 107f
computer modeling of 761f
equator of 852
fixation system 776f
high-risk 230
injuries, traumatic 313
large 131
mark 296
mobile 16
open, operative 454f
operated 892, 908
painful blind 680
panda 929
severe dry 918
shields 535f
speculum facilitates 681
systemic infection to 293
undergoing surgery, majority of 272
Eyeball 928
maldeveloped 676
Eyebrow
depresses
medial 588f
nasal 588f
hair distribution 589
mobility 589
musculature 588f
ptosis 587
management of 587
shape 589
surgery 611
Eyelashes 483
abnormalities of 483
complications 485
considerations 600
contraindications 484
indications 484
loss 806
postoperative care 485
ptosis 600
presence of 601
surgical
results 486
techniques 484
trephination 485
Eyelid 338f, 625
anatomy 503
and eyebrow surgery 596
general considerations 596
anterior lamella, shortening of lower 481
approach, swinging lower 621
blepharoplasty, right upper 655f
changes 912
cheek junction 525
crease 554f, 602
asymmetric 600f
damage 774
defect
description of 504
repair of full-thickness 506
distichiasis, right upper 483f
ectropion 477, 481, 482
edema 830f
entropion
snap test in lower 462f
surgical correction of 462
epiblepharon 609f
excision of cystic lesions of 497
height asymmetry 550
injury, traumatic 543
ipsilateral 830f
lamella dissociation 467
laxity 462f
left upper 655f
lesion
ablation 541
benign 530
madarosis, right upper 484f
malignancies 692
malposition 461, 472
margin 503
margin closure 506
reapposition of 507f
repair, primary 506
medial 480f
myokymia 918
neoplasia excision 612
notching 484f
occidental upper 599f
paresthesias of upper 448
periorbital considerations 597
position 668
primary herpetic infection of 733f
procedure for
lower 491f
upper 490f
ptosis, right upper 546f
reconstruction 503, 505f, 508
triamcinolone role in upper 618
retraction 612
upper and lower 487f, 612f
retractors 854f
rotation of 563f
sacrificing orbital exenteration 696
skin, preseptal 536
sparing orbital exenteration 694, 697f
speculums 454f, 839
surgery 43, 601
sutures 784
swelling 805
tenderness of right upper 705f
trichiasis, right lower 483f
tumor surgery 497
complications 500
postoperative care 500
upper 541f
wedge resection, full-thickness 485
Eyewear, protective 535f
F
Fabric pads 42
Facial
aging, volume loss in 522f
anthropometry 596
cosmetics 509
esthetics 513t
fractures 161
hair 530
muscles, lower 510f
nerve
palsy 487f
paralysis 587
numbness 516
palsy 487f
causes of 487t
complications 494
contraindications 488
indications 488
management of 487, 488b, 495b, 495fc
postoperative care 494
surgical techniques and mechanisms of action 488
treatment of 495fc
proportions 597f
reanimation 494
procedures 488
rhytides 530, 538
synkinesis 510
telangiectasias 532f, 539
weakness 516
Faden operation 847, 872, 874
analogs 876
indications 872, 873b
mechanism of action 872
supplies for 875b
Failing bleb, ab interno spatula revision of 358f
Famciclovir 537
Far-far near-near suture 35
Fasanella-Servat
procedure 549, 550, 605
complications 550
contraindications 549
indications 549
postoperative care 550
surgical technique 550, 551f
surgery 549f
technique 545, 549
Fascia
bulba 852
lata 665
autologous 567, 572
harvesting autologous 567f
stripper 572
temporalis 665
Fasciitis, necrotizing 537
Fashion scleral flap 382f
Faster visual acuity 131
Fat
adherence syndrome 209
central preaponeurotic 577
graft, conjunctivalized dermis 674f, 677f
intraconal 621
pad
central 583
extraconal preaponeurotic 621
prolapse 580
periocular 589
Feather blade 784
Femoral artery, puncture of 828f
Femoral head, avascular necrosis of 189
Femtosecond laser 90, 91
cataract surgery 86
complications 91
contraindications 86
indications 86
mechanism of action 90
postoperative care 90
specific instrumentation 90
surgical technique 86
energy 87f
Fetal vasculature, persistent 275
Fiberoptic illumination 639
Fibrin
forming adhesives 31
sealants 30, 42, 458
Fibrinoid syndrome 324
Fibroblast 531
cells 241
Fibrocellular proliferation 313
Fibromuscular sleeve 857f
Fibrosis
subconjunctival 356
syndrome, congenital 566
Fibrotic phase 618
Fibrovascular tissue 325f, 663
Figure of 8 suture 199
Filtration surgery, complications of 359
Final visual acuity 279
Fine vellus hairs 541
Fishhook technique 75
Fison retractor 784, 790
Fistula 354f
congenital 732
creation of 354f
Fistulous tract, congenital 717f
Fitzpatrick classification scale 532t
Fixation suture surgery, pulley posterior 878f
Flap, malposition of 785, 790
Flat anterior chamber 406, 937
Flex loop's nitinol 271
Flexible stainless steel rule 846
Floor fracture repair 651f
Flucinolone acetonide 296
Fluid
collection 50
infusion of 282
Fluocinolone acetonide 298, 300, 343
Fluorescein
angiography 831f, 836
dye retention 731f, 732f
staining pattern 127f
Fluorescence in situ hybridization 750
Fluoroquinolone 124
fourth-generation 160
Fluorouracil 815, 816
Focal laser 305, 307
effect 307
retinopexy 203f
therapy 306f
Foot pedal, wireless microscope 19f
Foramina 441
Forced duction test, positive 651
Formaldehyde 8
Forniceal tumor 798
Fornix formation sutures 670, 673
Fornix
incision 849, 860
shortening, upper 474
superior 473, 545
Foscarnet 296
Four-quadrant technique 102
Fovea 766f
ethmoidalis 630f, 633, 641f
Foveal avascular zone, enlargement of 304f
Foveola, center of 254
Fracture
medial wall 445f
optic canal 640
orbital walls 650
Frag bag holding retained nuclear lens material 278f
Fragmatome 277
Free skin grafts 505
Free tarsal graft 508
Fresh frozen tissue
direct excision of 498
examination of 498
Frontal alopecia 829
Frontal bone
forms 628
lateral angular process of 588
Frontal osteotomy 628
Frontal sinus obstruction 631
Frontalis muscle 517, 570, 589
Frontalis suspension
procedure 571f, 572
techniques in
complications 572
contraindications 566
indications 566
mechanism of action 570
postoperative care 572
specific instrumentation 572
surgical 566
Frontoethmoidal junction 642f
Frontoethmoidal suture 629, 633
Frontozygomatic suture 616, 635
Frozen section 499
Fuchs’ dystrophy 117
Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy 131
Functional endoscopic
dye test 725f
sinus surgery 640, 725
Fundus
biomicroscopy 281
examination 321, 931
photographs, post-treatment 306f
visualization, peripheral 323
G
Galilean telescope 17
Ganciclovir 296
Gas
injection 225
migration 222
placement 220
tamponade 261
intraocular 948
Gass punch 356
Gass theory 253
Gelatin 30, 42
and thrombin products 30
film 457
Gene expression profiling 750
General surgical technique 68
Geniculate ganglion 12f
Genomic hybridization array 750
Gentle bipolar diathermy 782
Geographic miss 767
George Hilton's wheel 228f
Ghost cell glaucoma 321
Giant retinal tears 236
Glabellar muscle 594
complex 510f, 588f
Glabellar rhytides, vertical 516f
Glabellar wrinkles, treatment of 509
Glare disability 56
Glass intraocular foreign body 311f
Glaucoma 13, 41, 56, 67, 97, 138, 141, 161, 164, 230, 231, 292, 297, 336, 347, 350t, 361, 378, 388, 401, 412, 421, 805, 839
control of 191
drainage devices 44, 194f, 369, 373, 375
complications 373
contraindications 369
implantation of 193f, 369
indications 369
mechanism of action 370
postoperative care 372
specific instrumentation 373
surgical technique 370
end-stage 688
filtration
bleb 281f
device, phacoemulsification with 67
surgery 41, 42, 353
graph 348, 350
implant 867
juvenile 378, 388
laser trial 400
malignant 394
narrow angle 432
neovascular 304, 321, 324, 378, 767, 774
open angle 350, 359, 363, 432
pediatric 413
phacolytic 72
phacomorphic 124, 410
pigmentary 378, 400
pre-existing 43
primary open-angle 400, 413
refractory 413
secondary 240, 826
to trauma 401
to uveitis 401
severe 359, 836
steroid induced 378
surgery 44, 168, 176, 345, 399, 688
complications of 44, 391
indications for 347
procedures, phacoemulsification with microinvasive 67
surgical procedures for 362fc
treatment for 352
tube shunt placement 162
uncontrolled 421
Globe
injuries, evaluation and management 927
perforation 922
repair 311
rupture 935
subluxation 639
supporting rings 117
Glucose 191
Glutaraldehyde 8
Gold shunt 360
Goldenhar syndrome 487
Goldmann three-mirror 318
Goldmann visual fields 589
Gonioscopy 388, 933
assisted transluminal trabeculotomy 380, 385f, 388
Goniotomy 377, 378, 387, 388
complete 438
partial 438
surgery 378
Gonio-trabeculotomy 378
Gore-tex sheet 663
G-probe fiber-optic handpiece 414f
Gradient index lens system 333
Graefe muscle hook 846
Graft
autologous 474
contracture 482
dislocation 138
donor-site morbidity 617
failure, primary 126, 127f
host interface 457
necrosis/infection 482
rejection 126, 138, 149
Granuloma
formation 572
periosteal 728
Graves’ disease 918
Gravitational forces 587
Greater sphenoid wing 443
Grid laser photocoagulation 318
Grocott stains 750
Growth considerations 858
Guanethidine 618
Guarded filtration surgery 352
contraindications 353
indications 352
mechanism of action 353
surgical technique 353
Guillain-Barre syndrome 487
Gustatory epiphora 511
H
Hair follicle 533
melanocytes 536
secrete sebum 483
Hairline incisions, temporal 459
Hamartoma 267
Handling brown cataracts 100
Hard palate
graft 474f, 491, 492f, 617
keratinized mucosa of 456
Hearing loss 824
Heart failure
congestive 189
signs of 13
Heavy liquid-to-silicone exchange 794
Helsinki cannula 107
Hemangioblastoma, juxtapapillary 770
Hemangioma 530
choroidal 753, 756, 757, 770
Hematoma 829, 929
subretinal 785
Hemifacial spasm 510, 510f, 518
Hemorrhage 39, 246, 757, 912
choroidal 124, 222, 292
dense
premacular 321
submacular 250f
diabetic vitreous 41
displacement 248
expulsive 142
intraconal 41
intraocular 292, 948
intraorbital 44
retrobulbar 15, 584, 648, 922
significant 412
subconjunctival 91, 299, 307, 920, 922, 929, 930
subhyaloid 933f
submacular 43, 246, 246f, 247f, 250f, 295
subretinal 219, 222, 757f, 933f
suprachoroidal 44, 373, 393, 394, 394f
with warfarin therapy 41
Hemorrhagic complication, risk of 40, 41
Hemostasis 39, 322, 454
influence 627
meticulous 594
Hemostatic scalpel 42
Hemovac drainage system 455
Heparin 829
Hepatotoxicity 824
Herpes infection 473
Herpes simplex 733f, 839
infection, periocular primary 740
virus 124, 170, 487
Herpetic infection 530, 537
Hertel exophthalmometer 652
Hiatus semilunaris 641f
Hollowed-out appearance 584
Homatropine 221
Honan balloon 119, 119f
Hopkins rigid endoscope 720
Horner syndrome 543
Host cornea
instruments for preparation of 118
removal of 120f
Hotz procedure 464, 465f
Hughes procedure 507
Human chorionic gonadotropin 191
Human insufficiency virus 191
Human leukocyte antigens 187, 190
Human plasmin, domain of 258
Hyaloid, anterior 231
Hyaloidal fibrovascular proliferation, anterior 324
Hyaluronic acid 258, 520, 521
fillers 618
Hyaluronic gel 523
Hyaluronidase 463
Hybrid technique 131
Hydrocodone 617
Hydrodelamination 145
Hydrodelineation 59
Hydrodissection 59, 145
cortical cleaving 96
performing 71
Hydrogel sealants 31
Hydroxyapatite 457, 663
implant, exposure of 664f
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 725
Hydrus 365
trabecular scaffold 363f
Hylaform 521
Hyperemia, conjunctival 299
Hyperhidrosis, axillary 512
Hyperlacrimation 511
Hyperosmotic agents 276
Hyperpigmentation 534, 597
Hypertension 44, 322
uncontrolled 189
Hyperthermia, malignant 910
Hypertrophic scarring 530, 536, 584, 599
Hypertropia, unilateral 882
Hyphema 199, 359, 395, 395f, 945f
management of 387
recurrent 755
transient 437, 359, 391
Hypochlorite 8
Hypoinnervation, congenital 906
Hypo-ophthalmos 650654, 654f
Hypopigmentation 530, 536
Hypopyon 199, 287
Hypotensive anesthesia facilitates safer surgery 627
Hypotony 373, 391, 392, 438, 914
maculopathy 393, 393f
nonphysiological 391
ocular 795
Hypotrophy mandates attention 668
I
Iatrogenic graft failure, primary 138
Iatrogenic retinal breaks, risk of 292
Idiopathic acquired nasolacrimal duct stenosis 704
Iluvien 296, 300
Immunogenic inflammation, risk of 615
Immunoglobulin
G 191
M 191
Immunosuppression 3
Implant
exposure 691
and migration 664f
extrusion 691
lens 112
preparation of 370
Incisional glaucoma surgical techniques 361
Incyclotorsion 866
Indocyanine green 260
Infections 126, 149, 151, 287, 295, 298, 340, 800, 913, 920
bleb-related 395, 395f
minimize risk of 936
periocular 836, 913
risk of 272
severe 909
superficial 537
transmissible 615
Inferior oblique forced duction test 847f
Inferior oblique muscle 854, 856, 914, 919f
course of 856f
damage 584
surgery 880
Inferior rectus
functions 853
insertion 856
muscle 651f, 854, 901f, 914
disinsertion of 809f
palsy 876
weakness 874
Inferior vortex veins 858f
Inflammation 279, 427
after intravitreal injection 298
conjunctival 183t, 192, 194f
noninfectious 299
Inflammatory diseases 295
Informed consent, conversation model of 954
Infraorbital canal 622
Infraorbital nerve sensation 650
Infratarsal incision 491
Infratarsal orbicularis 606
Infratemporal fossae 630
Infratrochlear nerve 448
Infusion 314
cannula 248
Injection site necrosis 527
Injection technique 298
variety of 523f
Inner retinal surface 271
Intense pulsed light 533
Intermuscular septum 27, 852, 853f
dissection of 867f
Internal browpexy 594f
approach 593
Internal limiting membrane
forceps 269f
removal 270
Internal ocular cavities, infections of 287
International Optic Nerve Trauma Study 640
Intestine mucosa autograft 184
Intra-arterial chemotherapy, permanent complications of 831f
Intracanalicular debris 733
Intracanalicular plugs 732f
Intracranial noises 658
Intraepithelial neoplasia, conjunctival 183
Intraocular blades 323
Intraocular contents, removal of 690f
Intraocular fibrin formation 324
Intraocular forceps 272f
Intraocular foreign body 310, 313f, 314f, 315, 315f, 316f, 927, 941
presence of 933f
removal 941
Intraocular inflammation, significant 275
Intraocular lens 66f, 68, 79, 86, 95, 97
centered and flat 84f
centrally sited 109f
developments in 105
dislocation of 339
hydrophobic acrylic foldable 97
implantation 66, 76, 97, 940
injectors 135f
plano posterior chamber 158
posterior chamber 79
power calculation 91, 95
selection 56
surgery 432
Intraocular pressure 12, 13, 124, 222, 230, 258, 275, 290, 297, 299, 314, 331f, 335, 361, 350, 377, 391, 393, 400, 405, 412, 421, 944, 948f
elevated 918
lowering 352
agents 124
raised 839
uncontrolled 639, 836
Intraocular saline infusion 322
Intraocular tamponade 948f
agent 240
Intraocular tumors 761, 821
biopsy of 747
Intraorbital lesions 625
Intraorbital pressure 650
Intraorbital surgeries 620
Intrastromal air 145
injection 143f, 147f
Intravenous anesthesia 627
Intravitreal injections 287, 295, 296, 296f, 297-299, 745, 835, 837
complications 839
contraindications 836
for local therapy 340
indications 835
mechanism of action 838
of methotrexate 837f
technique 836
Intravitreal medications 289t, 296t
Intravitreal silicone oil droplets 299
Intravitreal triamcinolone 276, 276f
visualization 259f
Invasive conjunctival melanoma 760, 800f, 815, 818f
Iodine plaque 761, 765
dosimetry 766f
radiotherapy 761f
Iodophores 8
Ionizing radiation 776
Iridectomy 356
peripheral 108f, 354f
Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome 131, 401, 406
Iridocyclectomy 743, 787, 788f
complications 790
contraindications 787
indications 787
mechanism of action 790
postoperative care 790
preoperative care 787
specific instrumentation 790
surgical technique 787
Iridodialysis 74, 935f
slit-lamp photograph of superior 931f
Iridoplasty 405, 409
Iridotomy
inferior peripheral 324
prelaser peripheral 407f
Iris 339f, 790, 791f, 931
atrophy 914
burns 757
capture 110f
partial 110f
heterochromia 826
hooks 81f
and rings 65
incarceration 437
melanoma 770
inferonasal 773f
neovascularization of 303, 304, 767
occluding express shunt tip 397f
peripheral 354f
prosthesis, artificial 85f
stretching 74
superonasal quadrant of 405f
trauma 74
tumor 748, 749
Irrigating vectis technique 73, 73f
Irrigation aspiration setup 387
Irrigation cannulas 459f
Irvine-Gass syndrome 340
Ischemia 45
anterior segment 914
clinical features 914
prevention 914
risk factors 914
treatment 914
Ischemic retina, destruction of 753
Isoflurane 627
Isopropyl alcohol 8, 47
Istent inject 365
trabecular bypass microstents 363
Istent supra microstent 364f
Itrack catheter 431f
Itrack microcatheter 387
J
Jaeger lid plate 572
Jameson muscle hook 659
Jaw bone fractures 161
Jones procedure 470, 472
K
Kahook dual blade 378
Kaplan-Meier analysis 162
Kelly punch 356
Keloid formation 536
Keratectomy, post-photorefractive 149f
Keratinization
conjunctival 477
persistence of 617
surface 182
Keratinized oral epithelium 617
Keratinocytes 531
Keratitis 170
exposure 170
infectious 126, 138, 143, 172
infective 144f
neurotrophic 488
noninfectious ulcerative 117
superficial 477
Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
end-stage 164
severe 154
Keratoconjunctivopathy 600
Keratoconus 117, 143
Keratolimbal allograft 181, 184, 186f, 187
surgery 188f
Keratolimbal autograft 184
Keratolysis, herpetic eye disease-related 161
Keratome reflecting lacrimal sac mucosal flap 727f
Keratometers 119
Keratomileusis ectasia 143
Keratopathy 463, 552, 568, 572, 600f, 607f, 639, 774
severe 601f
suture induced 550
Keratoplasty 44, 115, 145
after limbal stem cell transplantation 189
failed penetrating 182f
failure 181
procedures, total penetrating 117
therapeutic deep anterior lamellar 144f
Keratoprosthesis 154, 156, 164
contraindications 157
designs 154
device 158
implantation 161, 164
indications 156
postoperative care 160
surgery 156, 190, 192
surgical technique 157
temporary 199, 315
Keratotomy, astigmatic 88
Kestenbaum procedure 873
Kestenbaum-Anderson procedure 864
Ketoconazole 537
Kissing choroidals 282, 392
Knapp procedure 906, 907
inverse 907
Koeppe goniolens 387
Krishna classification, modified 670t
Krupin valve 371, 373
Kuglen hook 83
L
Laceration 929
Lacrimal
artery, side of 450
bypass tube 739f
crest, anterior 710
drainage system 458f
excretory system 703f
fascia, posterior 625
fistula, congenital 712f, 733f, 734f
fossa 635
gland 511, 578, 623, 625
biopsies 621
dystopia 578
hypersecretion 511, 918
masses 621
palpebral lobe of 511f
prolapse 589
resuspension 547
tumor of 443
innervation, loss of 625
keyhole 635, 635f
outflow pathway, anatomy of 711f
pump function 730
sac 720, 725
bilateral 705f
dissection 713
fossa 703f
opening of 715f
protected 625
suturing of anterior flaps of 715f
test, pressure over 711f
tumors 704
system
anatomy of 702
damage 482
dysfunction, complaint of 704
obstruction 458
trephine 485
vein 450
Lacrimation 475
Lagophthalmos 487f, 511, 516, 517, 584
correction of 191
degree of 572
Lamellar corneal laceration, slit-lamp photograph of 930
Lamellar keratoplasty
predescemetic deep anterior 145f
sutureless 176
Lamellar scleral flap, superficial 780, 787
Lamina papyracea 444, 445f, 710
bone of 714f
deep 634
osteotomy 633
removal 642f
amount of 646
Large scleral tunnel sclerotomy 313f
Laryngeal mask 414
Laser 42
applications 401
burns, multiple 307
energy, excessive application of 423f
for pars planitis 341
for retinitis 341
hair removal 541
iridoplasty 408, 408f
nonablative 538
parameters 89
peripheral iridotomy 405, 405f, 408f
photocoagulation 318, 320t, 485
in diabetic retinopathy, techniques of 303
refractive cataract surgery 91
risks 307
safety 534
solid-state 307
surgery 350
technology 307
trabeculoplasty 400, 401, 403
selective 362, 400, 401, 402
treatment 89, 307
Lasers in oculoplastic and aesthetic surgeries 530
complications 535
contraindications 531
indications 530
mechanism of action 533
post-laser care 534
relevant anatomy 531
specific instrumentation 534
technique 534
Lash loss, temporary 829
Latanoprost 124
Lateral canthal
defects 506
incision 507
sling 468
Lateral canthotomy 478, 479f, 485, 491, 507
approach 623
Lateral orbital
orbicularis muscles 510f
rim 507
periosteum 478, 617
wall 443, 443f
Lateral rectus
muscle 860f, 907
recession 860f, 869t
Lateral tarsal strip 478
procedure 468, 470
Lattice degeneration 220
Lax lower eyelid 691
Lens 312, 931
abscess, presence of partial 932f
apochromatic 21
cataractous 100
dislocated 945f
posterior 91
fragments
posteriorly dislocated 275
small 276
in phakic patients 282
insertion 107
material 296
aspiration of 278
posteriorly dislocated retained 275
retained 275
matter aspiration 940
nucleus, hydrodissection of 71f
opacities classification system 63
position 931
removal 312
primary 275
trauma 299
vitreous admixture following trauma 932f
Lensectomy 201, 312
Lensx laser 88f
columnar lens fragmentation pattern 88f
optical coherence tomography 92f
Levator
anatomical relationship of 553
aponeurosis 511, 554, 554f, 577, 599
complex 545, 550
part of 603
aponeurotic, amount of 599
dysgenesis 602
excision 553, 557
excursion 543
function 564
Müller recession 613
muscle aponeurosis 621
muscular part of 557f
palpebrae superioris muscle 545, 570
paralysis 493
resection 553, 556
procedure, overcorrection after 558f
surgery 553
anatomy 560
complications 557, 564
contraindications 553, 561
indications 553, 561
postoperative care 557, 564
surgical outcomes 564
surgical technique 553, 561
Lichen planus 740
Lid 929
contour and shape 576
crease 576
elevation 617
defects, repair of 507
dermatochalasis, upper and lower 581f
entropion 511
height 576
immobilization 297
laxity 580
tests for assessing 581f
loading 489
margin 600
lesion of 497f
minimal keratinization of 475
position 580
retraction 299, 511
shortening and skin excision, horizontal 467
speculum 339f
splitting 474f, 485
Lidocaine 463, 523, 544, 553, 652
peribulbar 287
subconjunctival 297
Light energy, application of 400
Light-emitting diode 20
Lignocaine 463, 681
Limbal autograft 185f
Limbal disease
bilateral 192
unilateral 192
Limbal epithelial stem cells 175
Limbal incision 848, 861
Limbal infusion 315
Limbal stem cell 183t
deficiency 168, 170, 175, 181f, 182f, 193f
contact lens wear-related 193f
diagnosis of 181
disease
bilateral 192fc
unilateral 192fc
transplantation 181, 189
Limbal transplantation 184
Limbic keratoconjunctivitis, superior 168
Limbus 184, 184
based infusion 282
in aphakic eyes 290f
in pseudophakic eyes 290f
Linear accelerator 776
Liver
disease 40
function tests 189
Local tumor 774
recurrence 767, 785, 795
Lockwood's ligament 446, 854
Lower epiblepharon 600, 601, 601f, 606f, 608f
Lower eyelid 491, 492f, 538, 600
anatomy of 503f
cicatricial entropion 470
correction of 472f
complex 488
considerations 606
dermatochalasis 574
distichiasis 483f
entropion 461, 462f, 463
correct involutional 472t
involutional 461f, 463f
repair 467f
horizontal laxity 467
malposition 668
margin 463f
positioning 854
procedures 488
retraction 487, 614
etiology of 613t
repair 618
surgery 617
retractor 468, 480f
dehiscence 477
tightening 471f
reverse ptosis 866
ridge 601f
subciliary incision 713f
Lower lid
blepharoplasty 580, 581
cicatricial ectropion 530, 537f
defects, repair of 507
ecchymosis 542f
ectropion 487f, 511, 668
fascial suspension 488
fat prolapse, bilateral 582f
festoon 580f
fullness 585f
laceration 929f
malposition 668
retraction 615
repair 615f, 616f
retractor recession 615
sebaceous carcinoma 499f
shortening 491
skin, excess 582
spastic entropion, correction of 511f
suspension sutures 492
swinging flap 622f
tightening 491
traction sutures 616
Lubrication, topical 485
Lucentis 296
Lyell syndrome 473
Lymph node biopsy 500
Lymphangioma 692
Lymphoma 835
subretinal 837f
M
Macroaneurysms 303
Macula 246
central 314f
Macular cyst 257
Macular degeneration 56
Macular disease 164
Macular edema 805
clinically significant 304, 320
development of 263
diabetic 296, 318, 319f
mechanism of action for 303, 306
secondary 307
significant 318
treating 305
Macular epiretinal membrane 267
Macular hemorrhage 829, 831f
Macular hole 253, 254, 261, 262
and management 253
chronic 261
chronicity of 257
differential diagnosis for 257
formation 253, 272
pathophysiology of 258
stages of 253
full-thickness 933f
occurring 253
pathophysiology of 259
small 295
surgery 263
traumatic 253, 261
Macular ischemia 304f
Macular laser, inadvertent 304
Macular melanoma 778f
tumor margins 777f
Macular pucker 267
Macular solar lentigines, diffuse 530f
Macular surgery 257
advance in 259
Macular translocation, slight 240f
Macular tumor 821, 823f, 824
large 832f
Maculopathy 795
radiation-induced 767
Madarosis 829
Malignancy, history of 189
Manual dissection 146
technique 145f
Manual layer-by-layer dissection 145
Manual small-incision cataract surgery 68, 70f
procedure 69t
Marcus Gunn jaw 557
winking 566
synkinetic ptosis 602
Marcus Gunn pupil 935
Marfan's syndrome 275, 328f
Massive exudation 805
Matrix metalloproteinases 171
Mattress suture
horizontal 36
near-far vertical 36
running horizontal 36
vertical 35
Maxillary bone
forming floor, anatomy of 444f
periosteum of 856
Maxillary ostium 726f
Maxillary sinus 161, 444f, 703f
tumor 444f
Maxillectomy, partial 695f
Medial canthal
defects 506
erythema 708
tendon 463, 732
level of 710
Medial canthus 504
Medial orbital
subperiosteal abscess 445f
wall 444
Medial rectus
muscle 858f, 914
stump 810f
recession, limbal incision for 861f
Medial spindle 488
procedure with rotational suture 478
Medial supraorbital ridge 588
Medial wall
fracture repair 645
orbital decompression 640
Medicinal therapy 350
Medicolegal issues 957
Megalocaruncle 704
Melanin 533
Melanocytes 531
Melanogenesis, ultraviolet stimulations of 534
Melanoma 807, 817
choroidal 753, 754f, 755757, 760, 768f, 770, 779, 793, 809f, 838f
ciliochoroidal 779
conjunctival 700f, 770
conjunctival malignant 694f
diffuse 794
Melanosis 749
primary acquired 747, 749, 815
Melasma 540
Melphalan 829, 837
Membrane
over ostium opening 724f
peeling 260
Membrane
delamination of 325f
intermuscular 11
Meningeal artery, middle 828
Meningolacrimal artery 828
Meridional element 219f
Mersilene 478
Metal trabeculotome 379
Metallic intraocular foreign body 311f
Metamorphopsia 239
Metastatic disease 822, 824
Methotrexate 296, 837
Methyl alcohol 8
Methyl methacrylate 457, 948
Meticulous technique 259
Metzenbaum scissors 453
Microcannula
small-gauge 251f
use of 522
Microfibrillar collagen products 455
Microincision vitrectomy 197, 200, 203
surgery 314
Microincisional glaucoma surgery 361
complications 366
contraindications 361
indications 361
mechanism of action 361
postoperative care 365
surgical technique 364
Microinvasive conjunctival melanoma 799f
Microinvasive glaucoma surgery 362
Microinvasive surgery characteristics 361b
Microkeratome-assisted anterior lamellar surgery 149f
Microphthalmia 676
Microphthalmic eyes 676
Microphthalmos
congenital 681
mandate socket rehabilitation 676
Microplasmin 258
Micropulse 305
cyclophotocoagulation 418
diode laser trabeculoplasty 362
laser therapy 305
Microvitreoretinal blade 269f, 313
Midcanalicular
canaliculostomy 733
obstruction 737f
occlusion 735
Midface descent 487f
Midfacial naso-orbital-ethmoidal fractures 600
Milia 530, 541
lesions 537
Mini monoka tubes 458f
Minocycline 534
Miosis 222
Miostat solution
components 110
instructions 110t
Miotics 119
Mitomycin C 353f, 356, 358, 369, 429, 728, 815, 816
topical 799f, 800f, 817f, 818f
Moebius syndrome 487, 895
Mohs’ micrographic surgery 499, 501
Molteno implant 373
Monocular elevation deficiency 874, 906
Monofilament glycolic acid 27
Monofile nonabsorbable sutures 468
Monopolar cutting cautery 582, 616
Moorfields forceps 790, 799
Morgagnian cataracts 70
Mosquito clamp 882
Motor nerves, anatomy of 447f
Moutsouris sign 135, 137f
Mucin deficiency 182
Mucopurulent discharge 708
Mucosal flaps
creation and anastomosis 714
posterior 737
Mucosal transplantation 184
Mucositis 824
Mucous membrane
graft 472, 670, 672
infection 161
pemphigoid 157, 161, 164
Müller's muscle 475, 549, 566, 613f
conjunctival resection 458, 543, 654
surgery 546t, 547t
dissection of 562f
Müller's recession 493, 511, 545, 560, 561, 564, 605, 613
surgery 560
Müller's smooth muscle 550
Müllerectomy 543
additional procedures 547
advantages and disadvantages 547
clamp 550
considerations in surgical planning 546
contraindications 544
indications 543
mechanism of action 545
postoperative care 547
prerequisites 543
surgical technique 544
Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification 750
Muscarinic drugs, topical 13
Muscle 179f, 512
attachments 851
causes 915
complications, intraoperative 911
fenestrated 209
fiber 209f
myotoxicity 871
fibrosis 854
function, operated 872
isolation 208
multiple 910
normal extraocular 446f
oculorotatory 857
pedicle flaps, vascularized 670
reattachment technique 896
recession 861
repositioning 762, 763, 783, 789
restriction 846
slipped 911
surgery to wrong 910
trauma 906
using tenotomy scissors 570
Mustarde cheek rotation 507
Myasthenia gravis 487, 566, 568, 587, 895
Mycobacterial polymerase chain reaction 339
Mycophenolate mofetil 190fc
Mydriasis 626, 763
permanent 856
Mydriatic medication 282
Myectomy 882, 883f, 885, 889
performing 882
Myeloid leukemia, acute 824
Myocardial infarction 189, 836
Myoconjunctival technique
advantages of 684
modification 808
of enucleation 666, 682f, 683f
of muscle insertion 811f
Myocutaneous advancement flaps 505
Myomectomy 882
Myopathy, restrictive 921
Myopia 95, 106, 412, 857f, 911
Myopic choroidal neovascularization 296
Myopic macular holes 261
Myotomy 862, 880, 882, 885
marginal 863f
performing 882
Myotonic dystrophy 587
N
Nasal cavity 711f
Nasal mucosa 184, 715f
autograft 184
Nasal mucosal flap 726f
rectangular 715f
Nasal mucosal incision 726f
Nasal mucous membrane 673
Nasal quadrant 231
Nasal retinoblastoma 827f
Nasal septum, part of posterior 644f
Nasal speculum 458
Nasal telangiectasias 533f
Nasociliary nerve 448
Nasolabial fold 539
flattened 487f
Nasolacrimal dacryostenosis 704
Nasolacrimal duct 698, 703, 710
obstruction 459f, 712f, 720, 733
congenital 704, 712f
primary acquired 711f
probing
and irrigation 702
complications 708
contraindications 704
indications 704
instrumentation 705
postoperative care 708
surgical technique 706
timing of 704
upper 720
Nasolacrimal sac 702, 710
Natural lens, dislocated 945
Nausea, postoperative 876, 910
Neck
pain, chronic 23
rejuvenation 512
Needle 29, 848
holder 117
parts of 29f
point configuration of 30f
selection 298
Neoadjuvant radiotherapy 744
Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum garnet laser 394, 400, 412
Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet 84
Neoplasia
conjunctival 804
squamous 815, 816
Neovascular age-related macular degeneration 246, 246f, 296
Neovascular diseases 295
Neovascular membranes, choroidal 307
Neovascularization 757
choroidal 296, 299, 757f
Nerve 851
blocks 535
palsy 917
fourth 873, 920
sixth 873, 875, 920
third 873, 875
Nettleship dilator 784
Neurofibromas 448
Neurofibromatosis 692
Neurointerventional radiology theater 828f
Neurotoxin injections 488
Neurotransmission 512
Neurovascular bundle 856
supraorbital 609f
Neurovascular structures, density of 626
New digital-optical integration 22
Night vision, reduced 307
Nomogram calculation 545
Nonbiodegradable fillers 521
Noncanalicular obstruction 731t
Nonocular complications 41, 909
Nonpenetrating glaucoma surgery 429, 430f
considerations 432
contraindications 432
indications 432
specific instrumentation 437
surgical technique 432
Nonporous polymethyl methacrylate spherical implant 690f
Non-retinal pathology 279
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
agents 455
drugs 39f, 222
Nonsurgical transient methods 618
Nonvalved implants 373
Noose, technique of applying 898f
No-touch technique 939
Nuclear disassembly technique 60
chop techniques 62
divide and conquer 61
phaco flip 63
Nucleotide polymorphism arrays, single 750
Nucleus extraction 73f, 75f
complications of 74t
Nugent forceps 218f
Nylon 28
sutures, nonabsorbable 789f
Nystagmus 872
acquired 921
blockage syndrome 872, 873
congenital 921
idiopathic infantile 873
infantile 873
surgery for 864t
O
O'Connor depressor 210, 210f
O'Malley contact lens 784
Oblique muscle 846
dysfunction 856
method of injecting inferior 919
Oblique muscle surgery
inferior 880
complications 885
contraindications 880
indications 880
mechanism of action 884
surgical technique 880
superior 889
complications 893
contraindications 889
indications 889
postoperative care 892
strengthening procedures 889, 893
weakening procedures 889, 893
Occult lens fragments, residual 278f
Ocriplasmin 258
Octafluoropropane 237, 261
Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid 183, 369, 472
Ocular hypertension 432
treatment trial 350
Ocular indications 917, 921
contraindications 918
diagnostic 917
effect on alignment 919
nonstrabismic 921
strabismic 921
surgical technique 918
therapeutic 917
Ocular infection 836
reactivation of 839
Ocular injury 538
Ocular lubricants 124
Ocular mainster high-magnification lens 318
Ocular malignancy 693f
Ocular maturity 95
Ocular media 310
Ocular motility, muscles of 444, 447f
Ocular movements, restriction of 908
Ocular pemphigoid 470
Ocular perforation 530
Ocular prosthesis 674f
displacement of 668
Ocular reflexes, anesthesia induced 12
Ocular reformation 783, 789
Ocular surface
disease 349, 461f, 464f
classification of 183t
preoperative staging of 182
severe 116, 193f
pathology 176
problems 149
reconstruction of 181, 183fc
stable 194f
stem cell transplantation 189t, 190fc, 190t
Ocular tissues 310
Ocular trauma 927, 931f, 932f
score 928, 934, 935t
calculation 935
Ocular tumors 745
phototherapy of 752
Ocular ultrasonography 827
Oculocardiac reflex 12, 909
management 910
pathway for 12
predisposing factors 909
prevention 909, 910
secondary 655
treatment 909
Oculoemetic reflex 13
Oculofacial surgery 596
Oculofacial surgical techniques 543
Oculomotor nerve 447, 613
Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy 566, 587
Oculoplastic procedures 176
Oculoplastic surgery 41, 43, 44
indications in 509
Oculoplastic surgical tray 452, 453f
Ong's scissors 789, 790
Opacified sutured sulcus intraocular lens 331f
Open globe injuries 925, 927
Operating microscopes
accessories 21
advantages and disadvantages 23
constituents 18
ergonomics 22
Operating room 3
complex 6
care of instruments 7
design and architecture 6
operating trolley 9
ventilation and cleaning procedures 7
furniture 90
Ophthalmic antibiotic-steroid ointment 485
Ophthalmic artery 450f
chemosurgery 826
infusion, selective 826
orbital branches of 450f
passes 450
stenosis 829
Ophthalmic examination 56
Ophthalmic fine-toothed forceps 659
Ophthalmic instruments 725
Ophthalmic medications, anesthetic implications of 13
Ophthalmic plastic
surgeons 453f
surgery 452
Ophthalmic reconstructive surgery 452
Ophthalmic surgery 11, 14, 23, 29, 30, 176
anesthesia for 11
anatomic considerations 11
pharmacology 11
physiology 11
relevant anatomy 11
basic principles of 1
practice of 951
types of regional anesthesia for 14
Ophthalmic viscoelastic device 147
Ophthalmic viscosurgical devices 56, 80, 90f, 95, 107
Ophthalmology 42
fields of 509
surgery, indications in 509
suture and needles in 26
treatments, modern-day 301
Ophthalmoplegia
chronic progressive external 568, 587
internuclear 921
Ophthalmoscopy 912
indirect 219
Optic
apochromatic 17
canal decompression 642
chiasm 448f
coherence tomography 945
disk 321, 766f
human 85f
nerve 16, 262, 303, 448f, 644f, 766f, 810f
damage 839, 922
disease, end-stage 157
gliomas, bilateral 449f
head 239f
in orbital apex 450f
intraorbital portion of 623f
invasion 822
involvement 821
lesions of 449f
sheath fenestration 658
swelling of 658
transection 681
neuropathy 324, 793
compressive 918
radiation-induced 744f, 767
traumatic 640
Optical coherence tomography 88f, 136f, 138, 253, 278, 304, 827, 836
image of macula, spectral domain 393f
spectral domain 256f
Optical components 17
Oral analgesia 485
Oral antibiotics 124
Oral fluconazole 537
Oral mucosa 184
autograft 184
Oral retinoid, recent 531
Orbicularis 554f, 713, 733
muscle 463, 467f, 468, 491, 577, 621
oculi muscle 509, 510f, 588f
weakness 477
Orbit 620, 929
arterial supply to 448
four walls of 629f
motor nerves of 446
sensory nerves of 448
Orbital apex 442, 443, 640
injury 684
tumor of right 448f
Orbital blowout fractures 650, 655
evaluation 650
indications 651
pathophysiology 650
early treatment 651
late treatment 654
Orbital bones 441, 442f
Orbital cellulitis 913
Orbital contracture, severe 692
Orbital cyst 913
Orbital decompression 639, 648
Orbital deformity 692
Orbital dermoid cysts, deep 625
Orbital disease, evaluation of 441
Orbital exenteration 692, 696, 697f, 700, 799
complications 699
extended 696
indications 692, 693f
postoperative care 698
preoperative evaluation 696
prosthesis fitting 700
surgical technique 696
types 692, 695t
anterior exenteration 694
subtotal 694
Orbital fat 576, 577f
Orbital fissure
inferior 631
river of superior 635f, 636f
Orbital floor 443
fracture 651f, 654f, 655f, 934f
defect 651f
Orbital fracture 873
repair 457, 640
rule out 929
Orbital implants 457, 662
Orbital infection 684
Orbital inflammation 922
Orbital involvement 824
Orbital lesions, drainage of 639
Orbital meningioma 692
Orbital orbicularis oculi muscle 588f
Orbital prosthesis fitting 700
Orbital rim
lip of 631f
remaining intact 650
Orbital roof 442
Orbital septum 577, 582
Orbital surgery 41, 43, 44
conoid of view in 620f
endoscopic 639
pre-equatorial 625
surgical
approaches in 620
techniques in 620
Orbital tissue expanders 458
Orbital tumor
recurrence 785
removal of 646
Orbital veins, anatomy of 450f
Orbital venous system, pathology of 451f
Orbital walls 851
Orbitomalar ligament 492
Orbitomalar oculi fat 615
Orbitopathy, congestive 639
Orbitotomy 676
inferior 646
lateral 623
Oromandibular dystonia 517
Oscillopsia 631
Osteo-odontokeratoprosthesis 154, 155, 159, 160, 161, 163
device 155f
Osteotomy 714f
medial wall 634
site, transillumination of 459
Ostium granuloma causes 723f
Ostium scar, thick 724f
Oxyhemoglobin 533
Ozurdex 296, 300
P
Pagetoid sebaceous gland carcinoma 693f
Pain 523, 757
medication 125
neuropathic 824
retrobulbar 658
Palatine bone, orbital process of 634f
Palmaris longus
autologous 568
tendon 567, 568
Palpable orbital rim step-off 650
Palpebrae superioris muscles 857
Palpebral conjunctiva, upper and lower 693f
Palpebral fissure, narrow 600, 668
Palpebral spring 494
procedure 489
Pan T-cell markers 750
Panel-reactive antibody 190
Panretinal laser
photocoagulation 304, 318, 321f
partial 305f
treatment 753
Panretinal photocoagulation 304, 307, 320
Papillary dermis 532
Papilledema, extent of 658
Parabulbar masses 625
Paracentesis track 387
Paracentral scotomas 307
Paralysis 512
Paralytic lagophthalmos, treatment of 490f
Paranasal sinuses 442, 459, 620, 641f, 735
Parenteral nutrition 293
Pars plana 424f
approach 416, 421423, 424f
aqueous drainage device 394
infusion 282
intravitreal injections 197
lensectomy 275, 278, 280
treatment of 424f
tube shunts, placement of 336
vitrectomy 197, 234, 236, 243, 272, 275, 285, 311, 313, 335, 394
instrumentation in 277t
surgery, types of 272
Peau d'orange appearance 674
Pediatric cataract 94, 105
preoperative evaluation 94
surgery 94
complications of 97
surgical technique 95
timing of surgery 94
Pediatric surgical technique 564
Pedicles 582
Pellucid marginal degeneration 143
Pemphigoid 473
Penetrating fat 868
Penetrating keratoplasty 115, 122f, 123f, 129, 142, 142t, 149, 315, 425, 688
complications 125
contraindications 116
graft 116f
indications of 115, 117t
postoperative care 124
specific instrumentation 116
Perfluorocarbon liquid 203, 239f
injection 329f
placement of 236
Perfluoro-N-octane 242
Perfluoropropane 323
Pericardium 665
Periocular fillers 520
complications 527
bruising 527
infection 527
late change 528
malar edema 527
overcorrection 527
undercorrection 527
contraindications 522
indications 522
postoperative care 526
surgical technique 522
Periocular veins 530, 540
prominent 531f, 541f
Periodic acid-Schiff 750
Perioral laser resurfacing 537
Periorbital complex 520
Periorbital ecchymoses, minimal 684
Periorbital foreign body 640
Periorbital region 510, 522
Periorbital sensory loss 625, 626
Periorbital surface anatomy 599f
Periorbital tissues 574
Periorbital volume
deficiency, signs of 526f
loss 522
Periosteal flap 468, 635
Periosteum 636, 676, 697f
Peritomy 221f
conjunctival 188f, 208, 209f, 625, 689, 690f
Peritoneal mucosa autograft 184
Peritoneum 184
Petalloid edema 279f
Phaco tip and chopper, movement of 103f
Phacoemulsification 82, 100, 432
combined 417
complicated 106
conventional 91
corneal incision for 58f, 59f
posterior segment 277
Phacofracture technique 74
Phacosandwich technique 74, 75f
Phakic eyes 322
Pharmacotherapy 745
Phenylephrine 458, 654, 912
eye drops 546
hydrochloride 58
negative 560, 561
positive 561
test 543f, 545, 546, 550, 560
Photoablation 533
Photocoagulation 533, 752, 755, 756, 757
Photodisruption 533
Photodynamic therapy 744, 752, 753, 755f, 756, 757
Photographic documentation 668
Photophobia 181, 475
persistent 464
Photopsia 658
Photosensitivity reaction 757
Phototherapy 744, 752
complications 756
contraindications 755
indications 752
mechanism of action 756
postoperative care 756
preoperative care 755
specific instrumentation 756
surgical technique 755
Phthisical globes 689
Phthisis bulbi 157, 688
Physiological telecanthus 602f
Pinch technique 577
Pincushion effect 298
Pix'l cannula 523
Plaque removal 762, 764
Plasmin 249
fragment 258
Plastic drape 50
Plateau iris syndrome 409
Pleomorphic adenomas 625
removal of 623
Plica semilunaris, advancement of 913
Pneumatic intraocular scissors 323
Pneumatic retinopexy 226, 228, 232, 233, 236, 295
contraindications 226
expanded indications 226
indications 226
mechanism of action 232
scientific evidence 233
surgical technique 229
Pneumatic vitreolysis 258, 259
Polack forceps 120
Polyacrylamide 521
Polyalkylimide 521
endoprosthetic nature of 521
Polyamide 28, 457
Polychromatic light source, high-intensity 533
Polydioxanone 28
plates 457
Polyester 28
fiber mesh 568
Polyethylene glycol polymers 30
Polyglactin 27, 478, 663
Polyglycolic
acid sutures 27
mesh 663
Polylactic acid 521
Polylactide plates 457
Polymerase chain reaction 339
Polymethyl methacrylate 80, 97, 154, 155f, 457, 689
implant 663f
exposure of 664f
Polymorphous corneal dystrophy, posterior 131
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy 250f
Polypropylene 28
suture 29f, 436f
Polytetrafluoroethylene 28
membrane 360
Polyurethane 457
Polyvinyl sponge 457
Porous polyethylene 664
Porro-Abbe prism 17
Port-wine stains 530
Postcataract extraction 275
Postcataract surgery 873
edema 117, 131
Postdacryocystorhinostomy 723f
open ostium 722f
Postenucleation socket syndrome 473, 685f
Posterior lamella 462, 475, 503
advancement 475
deficiency predominates 613
graft 491
extrusion 617
keratoplasty 130
opening, fibrous reclosure of 161
Postglaucoma implant 873
Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, transient 536
Post-laser
assisted in situ 143
complications 306
Post-refractive surgery 117
Postscleral buckle 873
Poststrabismus surgery 873
endophthalmitis 913
Potassium 191
Povidone-iodine 46, 287, 299
painting with 48f
solution 297
Pre-anti-vascular endothelial growth factor 304
Prednisolone acetate 357
Prefoveal cortical vitreous 253
Preseptal orbicularis muscle 469, 470, 511, 511f
Pretarsal skin 538
Primary lacrimal sac infection, exception of 733
Primary Lester Jones lacrimal bypass tube, insertion of 738f
Priming valved implants 371
PROKERA
classification 167f, 168t
for acute chemical burn 174f
for neurotrophic persistent epithelial defect 170f
for recurrent corneal erosion 171f
for severe bacterial keratitis 172f
placement 168, 169f
removal 168, 169f
Prolapsing nucleus 71
into anterior chamber 71
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy, high-risk 303, 321f
Proliferative radiation retinopathy 753
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy, risk for 311
Proparacaine 287
Prophylactic antibiotic
instilled 47
ointment 564
Prophylactic barricade 278
Propionibacterium acnes infection 291
Propofol 627
Proptosis 639, 692, 922, 929, 930f
Prosthesis fitting 685
Prosthetic eye 675f
Prosthetic interface, conjunctival 662
Protamine 42
Proton-beam 770
radiotherapy 744f, 770, 774, 838f
complications 773
contraindications 770
indications 770
mechanism of action 772
postoperative care 773
preoperative care 770
specific instrumentation 773
surgical techniques 770
therapy 799
Pseudodermatochalasis 576f
Pseudoesotropia 602f
Pseudoexfoliation 60, 378, 422
glaucoma 400
syndrome 91
Pseudohole 257
Pseudomonas 144f, 537
aeruginosa 46
Pseudophakic eye 230, 231, 243, 289, 413, 421
Pseudophakic lens 203
Pseudopunctum 737, 737f
Pseudoretraction, contralateral ptosis causing 613
Pterygia 168
Pterygium 117, 179f
surgery 26
Pterygopalatine fossa 620, 630, 634f
Ptosis 299, 511, 516, 617, 625, 830, 831f, 908, 920
acquired 543
aponeurotic 556
complete 626
congenital 601, 602
congenital 543, 553, 566, 602, 603fc
correction 576
principles of 606b
surgical procedures for 553
involutional 553, 556, 576f
lash 552, 597, 604
lateral 590
moderate congenital 558f
myogenic 544
presence of 668
recurrence 572
repair 458, 543, 549553
residual 543
severe 544, 564
simple congenital 602
surgery 458, 560
conventional external 543
internal 543
unilateral 556
with negative phenylephrine test 544
Pulled-in-two syndrome 911
Pulley surgery 877
Pulley system 856
Pulsatile tinnitus 658
Punctal and canalicular
occlusion 730
surgery 730
Punctal atresia, congenital 730
Punctal closure 731
Punctal dilator 706
Punctal enlargement 730
Punctal obstruction, causes of 730b
Punctal plugs 511
Punctal stenosis 704, 731f
Punctal surgery 730
Punctate keratitis, superficial 299
Punctum 463
Pupil 928
management of small 64
small 72
Pupillary abnormalities 914
Pupillary block 149, 150, 324
Pupillary dilatation 836
Purkinje light reflexes 106
Purtscher-like retinopathy 829
Putterman clamp 545
Putterman procedure 605
Pyogenic granuloma 800
Q
Quick anchor screw 459
Quickert procedure 470
R
Raccoon eyes 929, 929f
Radiation
collimation of 766f
isodose curves 766f
retinopathy 839
Radiofrequency 485
ablation 484, 486
diathermy 96
Radiotherapy 744, 755, 760
adjunctive 744, 794
local 799
Ragnell retractor, use of 482
Ranibizumab 296, 299
Reconstructive surgery, orbital 457t
Rectus muscle 209, 209f, 370f, 846, 849f, 853, 856858, 861, 862f, 876, 904
advancement 870
inflammation 829
insertions 853, 854f
medial and lateral 859t
method of injecting 919
plication 870, 870f, 871f
pulleys 856
recession 860
incision 860
special considerations 863
reflection of 312f
resection 866, 867
horizontal 866
surgical technique 867
vertical 866
surgery, vertical 912
Rectus recession
bilateral lateral 869t
bimedial 873
Rectus resection 866
bilateral medial 869t
Rectus transposition surgery, single 907
Redo dacryocystorhinostomy 729
Refractive surgery, haze after 168
Refractory macular hole 261, 262f
Regional blocks, complications of 15
Reis-Buckler corneal dystrophy 149f
Remifentanil 627
Renal insufficiency 189, 322
Residual muscle stump, removal of 868f
Reticular layer, deeper 532
Retina 202, 239, 239f, 296, 306
and retinal pigment 267
concentric zone of 321
flat neovascularization of 305f
ischemic 304
neovascularization of 303
neurosensory 242
peripheral 239, 260
reattachment of 237
sensory 263
small hole in 239
surgery 688
version for 260
treat ischemic 304
underlying 268
untreated 211
Retinal apposition 282
Retinal arteriolar embolization 829
Retinal breaks 207, 211, 220, 222, 228f, 238f, 240, 241, 260, 292, 322, 324
iatrogenic 289
location of 238
peripheral 324
Retinal capillary hemangioma 805
Retinal detachment 161, 218, 236, 243f, 250, 272, 292, 295, 299, 335, 839, 935
chance of 310
chronic 281
multiple surgeries for 688f
pediatric 201
prevention of 804
repair 207
anesthesia and preparation 208
contraindications 207
disadvantages of surgical options for 233t
procedures 234f
surgical options for 233t
surgical technique 207
total 823f, 832f
traction 330f
traction 199, 296, 328
rhegmatogenous 323
Retinal discontinuity 313
Retinal folds, fixed 241
Retinal hemangioblastoma 745, 752, 752f, 753, 755, 757, 760, 804
Retinal incarceration 222, 285
in sclerotomy 327
Retinal laser 303
Retinal light toxicity 21
Retinal lymphoma 835840
Retinal necrosis
acute 295
progressive outer 295
Retinal neovascularization 299, 303
Retinal nerve disease, end-stage 157
Retinal perfusion 225
Retinal periphery 278
Retinal pigment
epithelial cell 246
epithelium 207, 229, 239, 251, 255
fibrous metaplasia of 804
Retinal plane 324
Retinal procedures 22
Retinal tamponade 324
Retinal tear 272, 278, 299, 766
and detachments 313
formation 805
postoperative 250
Retinal tissues 246
Retinal toxicity 310
Retinal traction 757
after low-energy 757f
Retinal vascular occlusion 757
Retinal vasculature 303
Retinal vasculitis, hemorrhagic occlusive 290
Retinal vein, central 43
Retinectomy, extensive inferior 241
Retinitis sclopetaria 933f
Retinoblastoma 745, 752, 753f, 756, 757, 760, 803805, 807, 821, 823f, 826, 831f, 835840
advanced 832f
after photocoagulation, small 753f
assess stage of 827
large 822f
peripheral 803f
recurrent 830f, 833f
systemic therapy for 821
Retinoic acid 816
Retinopathy
of prematurity 199, 296, 328
radiation-induced 767
Retinopexy 230, 794
Retinotomy 248
peripheral 202, 248, 259
posterior drainage 239
self-sealing 248
Retraction, causes of 612
Retractor
overaction 613
reconstruction 478
Retrobulbar anesthesia 40, 681
Retrobulbar block 15
with lid block 119
Retrobulbar injection 681
Retrocanaliculostomy 737f
Retrocaruncular incision 622, 626f
Retrocaruncular medial canthal tendon 491
Retroprosthetic membrane formation 161, 162
Retrotrichial incisions 607
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment 207, 226, 236, 237f, 243, 275, 322f, 330f, 335, 336, 785, 795, 805
macula-sparing 237f
Rhexis 107, 107f
Rhinophyma 530
Rhinosinusitis 640
Rhytides
contralateral 518
degree of dynamic 597
preexisting 593f
severe 539
Ring caliper 109
Ringer's solution 73
Rituximab 838
Rosacea 3, 539f
flushing 530
Rotational flap, semicircular 485
Roth spots 829, 830f
Routine cataract surgery
anesthesia 57
contraindications 56
general anesthesia 57
indications 56
intracameral anesthesia 58
parabulbar anesthesia 57
peribulbar anesthesia 57
preoperative evaluation 56
retrobulbar anesthesia 57
sub-Tenon's anesthesia 57
surgical technique 58
technique for topical anesthesia 57
topical anesthesia 57
Ruddy red facial appearance 539f
Ruthenium brachytherapy 800f, 801f, 818f
Ruthenium plaque 744f, 763, 765, 767
brachytherapy 743f
radiotherapy 768
total thickness of 766f
S
Saline 145
Salzmann nodular degeneration 168
Scar
prolonged erythema of 584
tissue 722
Schepens orbital retractor 209f, 659
Schlemm's canal 362, 363f, 365, 367, 377, 379, 386f, 387, 389, 429, 435f
externalization of 430f
identification of 379
scaffold of 365
stripping inner wall of 434f
Schocket scleral depressor 210
Scissors 118, 784, 790
Sclera 179f, 216f, 218f, 219f, 297f, 789f, 853, 880
magnetic resonance imaging 826
Scleral atrophy 805
Scleral bite
anterior 216f
posterior 216f
Scleral buckle 207, 211f, 221, 233, 236, 240, 311, 867
attachment 176
procedure 207, 223
Scleral buttonhole, superficial 785, 790
Scleral dellen 912
Scleral flap 354f, 356
closure of 784
deep 430f, 431f
Scleral incisions, deep 782, 789
Scleral inspection 210, 224
Scleral laceration
full-thickness 929
management of 942
Scleral lenses 488
Scleral perforation 222, 766, 920
incidence of 911
Scleral shell 689
Scleral thickness 854f
Scleral thinning 767
Scleral tunnel 198
placement of band using 216
Scleral wound 912, 940, 942
suturing 939
Sclerectomy
deep 42, 430f
nonpenetrating deep 429, 433, 434f
Scleritis, necrotizing 914
Sclerocorneal tunnel 69, 70f
Sclerostomy 356
plugged 393
spatula 358f
Sclerotomy
cannulas 324
closure of 794
formation 283
Sclerouvectomy 779
Scott procedure 876, 877f
Scratch incisions 217f
Sealants and adhesives, topical 42
Semipermanent fillers 521
Senescent dyschromia 540
Sensory branches, anatomy of 449f
Serous choroidal detachment 281
causes of 281
Serous retinal detachment 307
Sevoflurane 627
Shallow anterior chamber 392f, 930
Short posterior ciliary arteries, closure of 782
Short tag noose technique 898f
Sieving technique 672
Silicone 211, 521
band
beveled tips 216f
end closer 218f
oil 237, 240
polymer 457
stent 735
tipped extrusion cannula 268
Simcoe technique 75
Single-operation success rate 223t, 228t
Sino-orbital mucormycosis, life-threatening 692
Sinskey hook 72
positioning 82f
Sinus cavities 643f
Sinusostomy 430f
Sjögren's syndrome 731
Skin
and orbicularis muscle excision 466f
anterior lamellar shortening 537
closure with interrupted sutures 715f
dyschromias 530
evaluation 530
graft
full-thickness 481, 482, 614, 616
necrosis 617
laxity 530, 538
malignancies 692
orbicularis 715
flap 554
resection, aggressive 584
type classification 532
Sliding-noose technique 896
Slipped muscle, suspected 909
Slit-lamp 304, 321
biomicroscopy 668
postoperative 85f
view of device 364f
Small incision extracapsular, techniques for 55
Snellen's charts 94
Socket
contraction, severe 675f
reconstruction 675
Sodium 191
Soft tissue
contour, smooth 615
expansion 676
fillers, injectable 526
grafts 456
socket contraction 668
Solar pigmentation 540
Spastic entropion, acute 472
Speculum 117
Sphenoid
extending anterior 635
greater wing of 630
lesser wing of 628
ostium 642
sinus 629, 634, 634f, 640
anterior wall of 634
entry 642
Spherical polymethylmethacrylate implant 683
Spinal kyphosis 22
Spiral computed topography 310
Spiral of tillaux 854f
Split-thickness skin graft 670
Spring scissors 799
Squamous cell carcinoma 692, 801f, 818f
advanced conjunctival 693f
conjunctival 743f
invasive 815
Square knot, simple 33
St Martin's, for sclera 784
Stable hemostatic plug, development of 39f
Standard oculoplastics tray, contents of 452t
Staphylococcus 395
aureus 46, 913
pyogenes 537
Staphylomatous globes 688
Static inner canthal pseudopunctum 735
Static rhytides 597
Steamroller technique 231
Stellate corneal laceration 930f
Stem cell transplantation 184t, 191b
Stereo coaxial illumination 20
Stereoscopic assistant arm 21
Stereotactic external beam irradiation 776
Stereotactic photon-beam radiation 776
complications 777
contraindications 776
indications 776
mechanism of action 777
postoperative care 777
preoperative care 776
specific instrumentation 777
surgical techniques 776
Stereotactic radiosurgery 776, 777
Stereotactic radiotherapy 774, 776, 778f
Sterile saline rinse 298
Sterile uveitis-vitritis 161
Sterilization 8
control 8
Steroid 222, 340, 343, 839
for local therapy 340
injection 784
intralesional 536
intraocular 836
response 387
systemic 341
topical 357
Steven's muscle hook 846
Steven's scissors 633
Steven's tenotomy scissors 846
Stevens-Johnson syndrome 157, 161163, 183, 369, 473
Strabismic indications 917
Strabismus 830, 831f, 856, 873, 895, 910
A- and V-pattern 864
angle of 845
chemosurgery for 917
complications 922
effect on alignment 922
mechanism of action 917
postoperative care 922
surgical technique 922
complex 861, 895
degree of 918
evaluation 845
incomitant 873, 874
learning 861
moderate angle comitant 920
outcome 914
diplopia 915
fat adherence 915
overcorrection 914
slipped muscle 915
undercorrection 915
paralytic 895, 905
primary position 876
restrictive 895, 917
risk of postoperative 209
surgeons, surgical armamentarium of 872
surgery 176, 852, 893, 895, 911913
adjustable suture 895
anesthesia for 846
complications of 909
forced duction test 846
general anesthesia 846
incision 848
infections after 913
instruments for 846, 848f
local anesthesia 846
mechanism of action of 849
mild in 912
preoperative evaluation 845
principles of 845
safe 851
scleral pass 849
securing muscle 849
step in 862
sutures and needles for 848
topical anesthesia 846
transposition 906
treatment of 918
types of 917
Stratum granulosum 531
Strengthening procedures, surgical technique for 891
Streptococcus 395
viridans 126
Stroke, recent 836
Stromal layer, removal of anterior 148f
Subcaruncular tissue 633
Subconjunctival
injection 123, 561f
microstent 364
pigmentation 929
tissue 478
triamcinolone 618
Subcutaneous local infiltration 603
Subcuticular suture 38f
running 37
Subluxed crystalline lenses 91
Submacular surgery trials 246
Suborbicularis oculi fat 488, 491, 615
pad lift 493f
Subperiosteal midface elevation 488, 491
Subretinal cellular membranes 240
Subretinal fluid 203f, 219, 231
Subretinal perfluorocarbon liquid 244f
Subretinal tissue plasminogen activator 247f, 248f
Subserving visual function 441
Sub-Tenon's block 14, 15
Sub-Tenon's injection 340, 416
Sub-Tenon's scarring 340
Sulcus
deep supratarsal 691
deformity, superior 668
Sulfur hexafluoride 236, 261
Sunset sign 763
Superficial flap, avulsion of 437
Superficial temporal artery and veins 524f
Superior oblique
muscle 855, 890, 914
palsy 917
surgery 893
adjustable 900
tendon 846f, 855, 866
tenotomy 890f
tuck 891, 892f
Superior rectus
levator complex 621
muscle 855f, 858f, 907, 914
resections 866
Superomedial orbital
rim 450
wall 446
Superonasal masses 621
Superonasal quadrant carries 625
Superotemporal choroidal melanoma 747f, 771f
Suprachoroidal microstents 363
Supraciliary effusion 392f
Supramid 457
Supraorbital notch 448
Supraorbital rim 575, 577, 588
Supratarsal sulcus 655f
Surgeon's knot 34
Surgery
adjustable transposition 906
aponeurosis 550
endoscopic 459, 639
ethics of 961
intraocular 287
Surgical field, preparation of 47
Surgical loupes 24
advantages 25
characteristics 24
constituents 24
disadvantages 25
Surgical repair 936, 937
Surgical technique 187
preferred 897
Surgical therapy, principles of 473
Suture 784, 790, 848
adjustable 895
adjustment 899
advantages 901
analgesia 896
anesthesia 896
complications 901
disadvantages 901
general anesthesia 896
indications 895
local anesthesia 896
optional and delayed 897
postoperative drift 901
special circumstances 900
surgical technique 896
timing of adjustment 896
canal access site 384f
closure, continuous 122f
combined interrupted and continuous 121, 122
docked with hypodermic needle 83f
elongation 891
granuloma 584, 913
interrupted 121
absorbable 673
long-acting absorbable 474
materials 26
classification of 26t
properties of 27b
nonabsorbable 28, 371f, 555, 570, 848
placement
basic principles of 32
of band using 215
perfect 32
placing bridle 68
removal 481
running locked 36
securing band with 224
semiadjustable 901, 901f
simple
continuous 36
interrupted 35
single continuous 121, 122
synthetic absorbable 848
tensioning 433
types of 34
Swan-Jacob goniolens 379, 387
Swann goniotome 388
Symblepharon 168
Sympathetic ophthalmia 412, 691, 934
development of 680f
Symptomatic diplopia 877
Synechiae, posterior 757
Synkinesis 553
Synkinetic ptosis, correction of 557f
Synovial sheaths, complex 625
Synthetic adhesives 176, 176b
Syringe 839
Systemic antibiotics 914
continuation of 314
Systemic immunosuppression protocol 190fc
Systemic metastasis 821
Systemic therapy 821
Systemic vascular disease 303
T
Tamponade 240
Tandem therapy 828
Tangential traction 263
Tantalum markers 773
Taper point 30
Tarsal kink syndrome 461, 475
Tarsal plate 474
Tarsal reconstruction, horizontal 475
Tarsal wedge resection 474
Tarsal wound, anterior 475
Tarsoconjunctiva 472, 475
Tarsoconjunctivo-Müller's
complex 550
segment 552
Tarsoconjunctivo-mullerectomy, component of 605
Tarsorrhaphy 488, 489f
temporary 176
therapeutic chemical 510
Tassignon caliper ring positioner 109
Tears
artificial 298
choroidal 785
Telangiectasias 530, 539
Telecanthus, correction of 600
Temporalis fascia
autologous 568
use of 567
Temporalis fossa 630
Temporalis muscle 623, 625
Temporary fillers 520
Tendinous component 856
Tenectomy 891
Tenon's capsule 12, 27, 75, 370, 370f, 379, 429, 446, 662, 809f, 810f, 852, 852f, 853, 853f, 860, 861, 862, 884, 890f, 891, 911
anterior 811f
posterior 810f, 852, 853f
prolapsed 913
thickened 356
Tenon's conjunctiva complex 683
Tenon's cyst 800
Tenon's tissue 209, 848, 898, 913
Tenotomy 885
scissors 118
curved 208
Tensile strength 47
Tenzel flap 507
Tetracaine 287
Thermal injury 193f
Thermoplastic mask 776f
Thermotherapy 752
transpupillary 744, 753, 754f, 756, 757
Thrombin 42, 455
Thrombocytopenia 40
Thrombolytic agent 249
Thyroid
associated orbitopathy 639
eye disease 445f, 873, 874, 917, 918
ophthalmopathy 921
related orbitopathy 613
Timolol 124, 278
dorzolamide 221
Tincture iodine 8
Tisseel duploject system 179f
Tissue
adhesives 30, 176
ophthalmic of 176
types of 176
approximation, sutures for 30
autologous 566, 665
dissection 453
intraocular 323
engineered surgical procedures, classification of 184t
necrosis 161
pain 824
plasminogen activator 295
injection of 247
transplanted, types of 127
trauma, minimal 361
type 183b
Titanium
mesh 457
sapphire laser trabeculoplasty 362
Tonic pupil 307, 920
Toothed colibri 784
forceps 790
Topical 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy 801f
Topical adrenergic agonists 13
Topical chemotherapy 743f, 745, 815
complications 816
indications 815
mechanism of action 815
technique of application 815
Topography 588
Topotecan 829
Torsional ultrasound 277
Toxic epidermal necrolysis 162
Toxic tumor syndrome 765, 767, 780, 793, 836
Toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis 295
Trabectome 362
surgery 362
Trabecular bypass procedures 362
Trabecular meshwork 377, 400
Trabeculectomy 373, 429
complications of 391
nonpenetrating 429, 431f
phacoemulsification with 67
study 369, 374
Trabeculodescemet's window 431f
Trabeculotomy 377, 378, 388
ab externo 379, 387
ab interno 385f, 387, 380
circumferential 379
Trachoma 473, 473f
Tranexamic acid 42
Transcanalicular endoscopic 720
Transcaruncular
approach, endoscope-assisted 645
deep medial wall decompression 632
incision 633f
medial canthopexy 488
Transconjunctival
application 397f
approach 614, 632
choroidal fluid drainage 284f
decompression, minimally invasive 632
fat debulking 538
incision 478, 632
retrocaruncular approach 625, 735
technique 583
vitrectomy system 197
Transcutaneous blepharoplasty 583
Transcutaneous technique 581
Transethmoidal orbital decompression, endoscopic 642
Transilluminators 764f, 773
Transnasal dacryocystorhinostomy 720
Transplantation, conjunctival 184
Transplanted tissue 184
Transposed muscles, adjustable suture for 901
Transposition surgery 904
anatomical considerations 904
assessment of 906
augmented 906
complications 907
indications 905
management 907
overcorrections 907
surgical technique 906
undercorrections 907
Transretinal endoresection 743
Transretinal tumor biopsy 747f
Transscleral biopsy 748, 763
Transscleral cyclophotocoagulation 412, 414, 414f, 417, 421
application of 414f
Transscleral diode laser 946
Transscleral incisional biopsy 749f
Transscleral iridectomy 743
Transscleral resection 779
Trans-sphenoidal optic canal 644f
decompression 646f
Trauma 275
intracranial 735
mechanical 117
penetrating 287
Traumatic injury 688
Trendelenburg position 648
Triamcinolone 296, 536, 618, 838
Trichiasis 483
correction of 191
recalcitrant 485f
Trichoplastic brow lift 610f
Trigeminal nerve 909
division of 448
ophthalmic division of 449f
sensory nucleus of 12f
Tropicamide 58
Troutman corneal punch 118
Trypan blue dye under air, injection of 102f
Tube
corneal touch 398f
coverage 371
exposure 397
insertion of 371
obstruction 373
shunt, presence of 131
Tumor 766f, 807
benign 797
biopsy 762
bulbar conjunctival 798
bulky residual 780
choroidal 748
complete excision of 498
delineation 763, 780, 787
endoresection 794
excision 743, 782, 789
extraocular extension of 812f
full-thickness excision of 498
involving anterior lamella 498
iridociliary 788f
malignant 441, 797
marginal 774
melanocytic 815, 816
node metastasis 797
orbital extension of 693f
persistent 805
posterior segment 755
recurrent 805, 833f
removal, surgical 743
second primary 824
size, excessive 755
Turbinectomy, anterior partial 728
U
Ulcer, nonhealing 293
Upper epiblepharon 597, 600, 601
correction 606
with lash 600f
Upper eyelid 485f, 489, 524, 599, 614f, 655f
blepharoplasty 488, 493
cicatricial entropion 473f
complex 488
edema 829
entropion 461, 472
correction 474f
forms of 474
everted 473f
malpositions, acquired 604
posterior lamella of 473
procedures 488
ptosis 668
complete 493
retraction 612
etiology of 613t
repair 613f
surgery 488, 493, 617
skin 576, 576f
assessment of 576
crease approach 620
trachoma 473
Upper lid
blepharoplasty 574, 580f, 585, 586f
laceration 929f
ptosis correction 545f
recession, full-thickness 614
Urinary analysis 191
Urrets-Zavalia scleral depressor 210f
Urrets-Zavalia syndrome 150
Utrata capsulorhexis forceps 72
Uveal effusion 805
Uveal inflammation 98
Uveal melanoma 760, 804, 807
episcleral seeding of 751
Uveal metastasis 747, 755
Uveal tissue 296
Uveal tumor 749
Uveitis
glaucoma-hyphema syndrome 79
pediatric 327
surgical 338
V
Vaginal candida infection 537
Vagus nerve, motor nucleus of 12f
Vancomycin 289, 290, 296
injection of 290
intravitreal 291
Vannas scissors 118, 158, 354f, 356
Vascular endothelial growth factor 246
Vascular stratum spinosum 531
Vasoproliferative tumor 745, 760, 803, 804, 806
Veins, supraorbital 450
Ventilation system, type of 7
Vigorous sports, exception of 627
Viscocanalostomy 42
Viscoelastic dissection 147
Viscoelastic ramp 76
Viscous anesthetic agents 297
Vision
limiting complication 279
loss 374
reduced 307
Visual acuity 193f, 277, 754f, 788f, 928
category, initial 935
conservation of 767
for phacoemulsification, mean uncorrected 77f
postoperative 233
uncorrected 77f
Visual axis opacification 96, 97
Visual development 94
Visual field, constriction of 307
Visual loss 658
postoperative 627
treatable cause of postoperative 627
Visual obscurations, transient 658
Visual potential 278
Vitallium mesh 457
Vitamin K 42
Vitrectomy 199, 202f, 204, 247f, 248f, 291, 292, 293f, 322, 794, 794f, 795, 948, 948f
complications 292, 795
cutter applies suction 269f
diagnostic 341
equipment 291
standard 322
for diabetic retinopathy 321
handpiece setup, standard 341f
indications 291
initial 262
postoperative care 292
potential complications of 292
preoperative evaluation 291
previous 131
procedure 271
prophylactic scleral buckling 311
specific instrumentation 291
standard three-port 259
surgery 199
performing 291
surgical 257
technique 291
techniques 321
Vitreomacular
adhesion 257
interface 258
traction 199, 258, 259, 295, 322
Vitreoproliferative detachments 207
Vitreoretinal
adhesions 324
disease 199
interface 199
lymphoma 747
operating rooms 208f
surgery 21, 41, 43, 44, 201, 195, 327
in diabetics 318
techniques of 197
surgical interventions 287
traction 321, 324
during vitrectomy, techniques for eliminating 325t
viewing systems 21
Vitreoretinopathy
familial exudative 328
pediatric 328
proliferative 199, 223, 238f, 240, 250, 335, 805
Vitreous base, shaving 238
Vitreous biopsy 341, 748
Vitreous cavity 241f, 291, 339
Vitreous cutter 293f, 332f
Vitreous debris 199
Vitreous detachment 299, 794f
posterior 201, 202f, 236, 267, 276, 310, 323
Vitreous face, anterior 96
Vitreous gel 313
Vitreous hemorrhage 199, 251, 285, 299, 321, 785, 805, 826, 829, 839, 933
nonclearing 321
postoperative 323
presence of 268
Vitreous implants 295
Vitreous incarceration 285
Vitreous knuckle 930f
Vitreous loss, posterior capsular rent with 74
Vitreous prolapse 929
Vitreous removal, peripheral 276f
Vitreous sample 290
Vitreous surgery 201
Vitreous tap and inject 287
preoperative evaluation 287
specific instrumentation and equipment 287
Vitreous tap for molecular diagnostics/culture 339
Vitreous traction 238f, 258
anteroposterior 329f
releasing tangential 253
Vitritis 199, 287
Vomer bone 644f
Vomiting, postoperative 910
Voriconazole 124, 289, 296
Vortex vein 209, 889
W
Watzke sleeve spreader 218
Weakening procedures, surgical technique for 890
Weill-Marchesani syndrome 79
Weiss contact lens 406
Westcott and Stevens scissors 454f
Westcott scissors 118, 209f, 353f, 355, 453, 554, 614, 659, 689, 725
Westcott tenotomy scissors 846
White eyed blowout fracture 652, 655
White intraoptic deposits 161
Whitish plaques 537
Whitnall's ligament 555, 557
Whitnall's tubercle 634, 635
Wies procedure 469, 470
Wire lid speculum 659
Wound
closure 66, 76
secure 35f
complications 912
dehiscence 800
displacement 126
healing 39
leak 125, 392
postoperative 176
Wright fascia needle 572
Wright needle 570
Wright procedure 891
Wrinkle reduction 512
Wrinkling retinopathy, surface 267
X
Xanthelasma 530, 541
XEN implant 365
Xylocaine 297, 463
solution instructions 110t
Y
Yoeruek tap technique 138
Yttrium-argon-garnet laser membranectomy 162
Z
Zhongshan angle closure prevention trial 406
Zippering technique 940
Zonular integrity 102
Zonular stress, minimize 101
Zoom Galilean telescopes 18
Zoom lens 17
Z-plasty 472
Zygoma, body of 636
Zygomatic arch 625
Zygomatic bone 468, 630
forming anterolateral portion 443
fractures 487
joins 443
right 443f
Zygomatic process 443
Zygomaticofrontal suture 588
Zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture 650
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