Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Teaching Files Bipin R Shah, Ankit B Shah
INDEX
Page numbers followed by f refer to figure.
A
Abductor digiti minimi muscle 65, 165f
Abductor pollicis longus 74f, 76, 76f
Achilles tendinosis 152
Achilles tendon 144f146f, 147, 149f
calcaneal attachment of 151f
chronic partial-thickness tear of 147
distal segment of 153f
full-thickness tear of 145f, 149
high-grade partial-thickness tear of 147f
insertional tendinosis of 151, 153
normal 145f
partial-thickness tear of 145f
tendinosis of 144, 145
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 165
Acromioclavicular joint 16, 32f, 33f
dislocation 32, 33
Acromioclavicular ligament, disruption of 33f
Adductor brevis 107f
muscle bellies 106f
Adductor longus 106f
muscle 107f
Adductor magnus 106f
muscle 107f
Adductor muscles
acute partial thickness tear of 106
partial-thickness acute tear of 107
Amyloidosis 84
Anabolic steroid abuse 55
Anechoic clefts 148
Anechoic fluid 27f
collection 159f
mild 5f
Anechoic intrabursal fluid 121
Anisotropy 46f
Ankle 154
anterior aspect of 155f
anterolateral aspect of 155f
lateral and posterior aspects of 157f
medial aspect of 159
posterior aspect of 144, 147, 149, 152
posteromedial aspect of 160f, 163f
Ankylosing spondylitis 78
Arch, coracoacromial 2f
Arm
abduction of 10
overhead abduction of 29
posterior aspect of 41
Arthropathy, inflammatory 90, 91, 152
B
Baker's cyst 135, 135f, 136, 137
complications of 136
contents of 136
distal edge of 135f
idiopathic 136
Biceps
brachii muscle 20
femoris 114, 136f
tendon 114f
long head of 1f, 8f, 15f, 20, 22f, 23f, 25f, 27f
muscle, long-axis of 20f
senosynovitis of long head of 16
tear of long head of 20
tendon 21f, 22f, 59f
distal 46f, 59, 59f
long head of 24f
long-axis of 22f
proximal fibers of 22f
sheath 15f, 23f, 24, 74
Bicipital groove, level of 24f, 27f
Bicipitoradial bursitis 46, 46f, 47
Blood cell count 118
Bursal contents, evaluation of 121
Bursal surface tear 6, 6f
partial-thickness 5f
Bursitis, chronic 121
C
Calcaneofibular ligament 155f
Calcific tendinosis 12, 51
Calcification
hyperechoic zone of 61f
intratendinous 111, 112f, 151, 151f
migration of 13
Calcium 14f
extrusion of 12
periarticular 87f
pyrophosphate dihydrate 87
Calf
muscle injuries, assessment of 139
posterior aspect of 138
Capsulitis, adhesive 26
Carpal bone 65f, 66f
Carpal tunnel syndrome 65
Cartilage
articular 7f
cap thickness 125
Chalk-like consistency 12
Chikungunya viral infection 46
Complex cyst 81f
Connective tissue 84
Contusion injuries 38
Coracohumeral ligament, normal 26f
Corticosteroids, intrabursal injection of 121
Crush injury over arm 36
Crystal deposition disease 86, 120f
Cuff tear 4
retraction, stages of 9f
Cyst, paralabral 29, 30, 30f
Cysticercosis 42
intramuscular 42
D
De Quervain's tenosynovitis 74, 76
Deep fibers, inflammation of 126f
Deep muscular fascia, deficiency of 141f
Deep venous thrombosis 139
Deltoid muscle 1f, 4f, 5f, 7f, 8f, 10f, 11f, 22, 25f, 27f
Diabetes mellitus 4, 110, 144, 165
Distal arm, anteromedial aspect of 36f
Distal biceps tendon, full-thickness tear of 59
Distal femoral shaft, anterior cortex of 124f
Distal phalanx 97f, 101f, 103f
Distal radius, dorsal cortex of 77f
Dorsal cortex, scalloping of 101f
Dorsal radial cortex 76f
E
Ecchymosis 104f, 106f, 113f, 138, 138f
Echogenic nodules, multiple 16f
Edema 115, 167
periarticular 87
peribursal 14f
Elbow 51f, 55f, 57f, 61f
acute repetitive overstretching of 60
anterior aspect of 46
chronic repetitive overstretching of 60
joint
posterior aspect of 57f
posterior dislocation of 60
medial
aspect of 51, 61f
joint space of 60f
pain, lateral 50
Empty bicipital groove 20f, 21f
Epicondylitis
lateral 50
medial 52
Epidermal inclusion cyst 81, 82
Erosions 91, 93
Erythematous painful swelling, acute 86
Erythematous tender swelling 86f
Exostosis 125
smooth cortex of 125f
Extensor carpi
radialis brevis 49
ulnaris 49, 79f
Extensor compartment, tendon sheath of 76, 79
Extensor digitorum communis 49
Extensor origin, common 48, 49f
Extensor pollicis
brevis 74f, 75f, 76
tendon 76f
longus tendon 97f
full-thickness tear of 97
traumatic full-thickness tear of 97
Extensor tendon 99f
attritional tear of 77
F
Fascial plane 143
Fat
lobules 34f
necrosis, traumatic 34, 35
Fever 118, 165
Fibers
discontinuity of 36f, 60, 167
peri-insertional 151f
Finger
dorsal aspect of 81f
extensor tendon of 99
flexor-tendon sheath of 98
volar aspect of 88, 94f, 96f
First metacarpophalangeal joint, volar aspect of 86f
Flexor carpi radialis 63f
Flexor digitorum
brevis muscle 164, 164f
longus tendon 160f
profundus 83f, 84f, 89f, 94f, 95f
profundus tendon 96f
full-thickness tear of 96
traumatic full-thickness tear of 96
superficialis 52f, 83f, 89f, 95f
muscles 52
tendon 84f, 94f, 96f
Flexor hallucis longus tendon 160f
Flexor origin, common 51, 52, 60f
Flexor pollicis longus 85f, 87f
Flexor tendons 65f, 66f, 73f, 88f, 98f
of middle finger, tenosynovitis of 95
sheath 73f, 94f, 95f
tendinosis of 94
Foot
dorsiflexion of 149f, 150
necrosis, traumatic 35
plantar aspect of 164, 165
Forearm, extensor aspect of 53f
Fracture
morphology of 40f
of humeral shaft, internal fixation of 39
Frozen shoulder 26
Full-thickness tear 5f8f, 9, 18f, 21, 59f, 60f, 96f, 97f, 111, 130f, 145, 149f
Fusiform hypoechoic area, peri-insertional 127
G
Ganglion 29f, 64, 64f, 88
cyst 88f
paralabral 30
ulnar aspect of 64f
Gastrocnemius
head
lateral 136f
medial 136f139f
semimembranosus bursa 136, 136f, 137f
Giant-cell tumor 98100
Glenohumeral joint capsule, normal appearance of 26f
Glenoid labrum 29f
Glomus
bodies 102
tumor 102, 103, 103f
Gluteus medius 111f
deep and anterior fibers of 111
tendon 110f
partial-thickness tear of 110, 111
Gluteus minimus 111f, 112f
tendon 112f
Gluteus tendinopathy 111
Gluteus tendons 111f
Granuloma, foreign body 164
Greater trochanter 108f, 110f, 111, 111f, 112f
Greater trochanteric
bursa 108, 108f, 109, 111f, 112f
pain syndrome 109
Greater tuberosity 10f, 1f, 2, 2f, 4f7f, 11f, 12f, 22, 24f
cortical irregularity over 6
H
Haglund's syndrome 146f, 152, 153
Hamate-trapezium level 67
Hamstring injuries 115
Hamstring tendons, high-grade tear of 114
Hansen disease 43
Heel, plantar aspect of 166
Hematoma 59f, 105, 106f, 107, 116, 117, 139f, 154
chronic 143
large 114f
Hemorrhage 136
Hemorrhagic bursa 121
Hemorrhagic superficial infrapatellar bursitis 123
Hip 118f
Human immunodeficiency virus 165
Humerus 25f
posterior aspect of 55f
Hydroxyapatite crystal deposition 87
Hyperemia 61f, 87
Hypoechoic
appearance 111
areas 165
rim, peripheral 61f
solid lesion 53f, 71f, 72, 72f
Hypothyroidism 84
Hypoxia, intratendinous 147
I
Infraspinatus muscle, atrophy of 31
Injuries
chronic 115
penetrating 38, 96
Interosseous nerve, posterior 50
Interphalangeal joint, dorsal recess of 92f
Interstitial tear, focal 145
Intralesional vascularity, presence of 54
Intratendinous subscapularis calcification, extrusion of 14f
Ipsilateral knee, arthroplasty of 132
J
Joint
capsule
displace 118f
inferior 26f
effusion 90f
glenohumeral 23f, 26f
metacarpophalangeal 83f, 85f, 90, 105
Jumper's knee 126, 127
K
Kager's fat 145, 149
herniation of 150
Knee 124f
anterior aspect of 119, 120f, 130
aspiration of 133
extension, loss of 130
extensor mechanism of 131
pain, anterior 126
posteromedial aspect of 135, 137
Knife injury 97
L
Labrum, posterior aspect of 29f
Leprosy 43
three broad forms of 43
Lesser tuberosity 2f, 18f, 22, 24f
Leukocytosis 165
Ligament
complete discontinuity of 154
coracoacromial 2, 2f
coracohumeral 2f, 25f27f
fibers, partial discontinuity of 154
glenohumeral 23f
Lipoma 47
arborescens 134
Little finger
dorsal aspect of 99
extensor aspect of 81
Low-grade inflammation, chronic 166
M
Magnetic resonance imaging 33
Malignant transformation 125
Medial elbow pain, differential diagnosis of 52
Median nerve
compressive neuropathy of 65
course of 72f
diffuse enlargement of 69f
enlarged 69f
fibrolipomatous hamartoma of 68, 70
secondary compression of 73
thickened 66f
Metacarpal head 83f, 85f, 87f, 88f, 92f, 96f, 97f, 99f, 104f, 105f
dorsal cortex of 90f, 91f
Metacarpophalangeal joint
dorsal aspect of 99f
dorsal recess of 90f, 91f
dorsal surface of 81f, 99f
ulnar aspect of 104f
Metallic implants, position of 40f
Microtrauma, recurrent 166
Morel-Lavallée lesions 142, 143
Morel-Lavallée pathophysiology 143f
Muscle 34f, 142f
adductor group of 106f
enlargement 165
fascia 116f
fibers 116f
perilesional 41f
hernia 141f
hyperechoic appearance of 165
retraction 115, 139
semimembranosus 137f
Musculoskeletal ultrasound 90
Mycobacterium leprae 43
Myoaponeurotic junction 56, 56f, 117, 130f, 138f, 139
Myositis ossificans 61, 62
Myotendinous junction, proximal 59f
N
Naked cartilage sign 7f
Nerve
distal segment of 40f
fascicles, fat separating 69f
injuries, traumatic 37
median 63f
traversing elbow 37f
Nodular
calcification 52f
echogenic intratendinous foci 12f
soft tissue calcification 112f
synovial hypertrophy 16f
thickening, focal 89f
Nodule
echogenic 34f
painful 71f
painless 53f
O
Olecranon bursitis 44, 44f, 45, 45f
Osseous avulsion injury 60, 154
partial-thickness 58
Overuse syndromes 152
P
Pain
acute 159
and mild swelling 162
and stiffness, acute 12
and swelling, acute 57, 59, 130, 138f
and vague tingling sensation 65
chronic 15, 132, 144, 147, 164
focal 89
intermittent 1
left elbow 48
over left knee, chronic 134
Painful erythematous swelling 104, 106, 113
Painless nodules, multiple 63, 63f
Painless swelling, intermittent 140
Palmaris longus 63f
tendons 63f
Palpable lump, painless 41
Partial-thickness
articular surface tear 4, 5f
chronic 56, 107
location of 9
Patella
anterior cortex of 119f
upper pole of 127
Patellar tendinosis 127
Patellar tendon 126f, 128f, 131
focal tendinosis of 127
full-thickness
midsubstance tear of 129
tear of 128, 129
Pennate pattern, loss of 115, 165f
Pericapsular crystal deposition disease 87
Peri-insertional fibers, heterogeneous appearance of 52f
Peripheral nerve sheath tumor 71, 72
Peritendinitis 145
Peroneal tendons, location of 163f
Peroneus brevis tendon 162f, 163f
interstitial tear of 162, 163
invagination of 162f
Peroneus longus 162f, 163
tendon 162f, 163f
Phalanx, middle 81f, 82f, 92f
Pisiform bone 66f
Plantar fascia 166, 166f, 167
acute tears of 167
adjacent 167
common pathologies of 166
hypoechoic appearance of 167
rupture of 166
thickness 167
Plantar fasciitis 166, 167
Plantar fibromatosis 166
Plantar flexion 149f, 150
Popeye sign 21
Pre-achilles bursitis 153
Prepatellar bursitis 119121
Proximal forearm, anterior aspect of 59
Proximal patellar tendon, focal inflammation of 126f
Proximal phalanx 81f, 83f, 85f, 87f90f, 92f, 94f, 96f, 97f, 99f, 104f, 105f
dorsal cortex of 92f
Psoriasis 152
Pubic symphysis 106f
Puncture wound 36f
Pyomyositis 165
Q
Quadriceps tendon 120f, 125f, 130f, 131
full-thickness tear of 130
midsubstance tear of 130f
retracted 130f
Quadriceps tear 131f
R
Radial artery 64f
Radial nerve 37f
contusion of 37
injury 36
mild thickening of 40f
stretch injury of 39, 40
waviness of 40f
Radial styloid 74f
Reactive joint effusion 87
Rectus femoris
muscle 117f
partial-thickness tear of 116, 116f
tendon, partial-thickness tear of 117
Retroachilles bursitis 146f, 152
Retrocalcaneal bursitis 146f, 152, 152f, 153
causes of 152
Rheumatoid arthritis 24, 53, 54, 73, 85, 89, 90, 120f, 135
Rheumatoid nodule 54
subcutaneous 53, 54
Road traffic accident 34, 128, 142
Rotator cuff
calcific tendinosis of 12
full-thickness tear of 7
partial-thickness articular surface tear of 4
subacromial impingement of 1
tears, morphology of 8f
tendon 6f
S
Sagging peribursal fat sign 9
Scapula, superior margin of 30f
Schwannomas 72
Semi-liquid calcification 14f
Sesamoid bones 86f
Sessile exostosis 124, 124f, 125
Sharp pain 24, 101, 103
Shoulder
abduction 1
anterior aspect of 24
asymptomatic contralateral 26f
contralateral asymptomatic 29f
impingement 2, 3
joints, bilateral 32f
pain 4, 10, 25
paralabral cyst of 30
Simple fluid 136
Skier's thumb 105
Soft swelling, painless 34
Soft tissue
calcification 55f
diffuse 157f
over medial epicondyle 51f
periarticular 61f
periarticular amorphous 157f
echogenic 79f
hypoechoic 98f, 99f
peritendinous 161f
Solid hypoechoic lesion 72f
Spinoglenoid notch 29f, 30
Squamous epithelium, proliferation of 82
Subacromial-subdeltoid bursa 2, 5f, 6, 7f, 8f, 12, 14f16f
Subcutaneous fat 34f, 45f, 53f, 108f, 119f, 142f
Subscapularis tendon 18f
deep fibers of 1f, 19f
full-thickness tear of 19
tear of 18
Subungual glomus tumor 101103
Superficial infrapatellar bursitis 122, 123f
Suprapatellar recess 132, 134
Suprascapular nerve 30
course of 30f
entrapment 29, 30
Suprascapular notch 30f
Supraspinatus tendon 2, 12, 5f, 12f, 27f
articular surface fibers of 4f
contralateral 1f
fibers 5f, 10f
discontinuity of 7f
full-thickness retear of 11
full-thickness tear of 8
partial-thickness articular surface tear of 4
posterior fibers of 4f, 8f
postoperative retear of 10
recurrent tear of 11f
tendinosis of 2
Swelling
in left arm 20
intermittent 140f
over
lateral malleolus 157f
left knee 132
posterior aspect of elbow 44
painful 32, 71, 94, 104f, 122, 138f, 165
painless 53, 137, 156
Synovial effusion 91
Synovial fluid 91
Synovial hypertrophy 15f, 44f, 78f, 90f, 91, 91f, 94f, 95f, 108f, 118f, 120f, 121, 122f, 132f, 135f, 136
detection of 24
mild 46f
Synovial sheath 84
Synovial thickening 73f
diffuse 73f
Synovitis 135
acute 118
inflammatory 90
Synovium
excised 80f
hypertrophied 45f
nodular hypertrophy of 134f
over extensor tendons, thickened 78f
thick 136
T
Taenia solium 42
Talofibular ligament, anterior 154, 154f, 155f
Tears
articular surface 4f, 6, 6f
complete 139, 155f
edges of 159f
extent of 114
interstitial 144, 144f, 145f, 151, 151f, 159f
intrasubstance 5f, 6, 6f
intratendinous 5f
location of 114
longitudinal 159f
margins of 56f, 139f
partial 127, 139
thickness 6, 48, 111, 139
types of 6f
Tendinosis 1f, 2, 5f, 50, 91, 95, 127, 144, 145
chronic 127
diffuse 145f
focal 1f, 2
insertional 145, 146f
Tendon
articular surface of 5f
critical zone of 7f
enlargement of 50, 111, 151
hamstring group of 114f
infraspinatus 12
sheath 159f
diffuse thickening of 74f, 75f
giant-cell tumor of 98
peroneal 163
tear 128f
Tennis elbow 48
Tennis leg 138, 139
Tenosynovitis 24, 73, 76, 79, 91, 94, 95f, 159, 160
inflammatory 78
mild 163
Tensor fascia lata 108f, 111f
Teres minor 2f
Thenar eminence 86f
Thumb, dorsal aspect of 97, 97f
Tibial tuberosity 123f
Tibialis anterior muscle
herniation of 140, 141f
transfascial herniation of 141
Tibialis posterior tendon 159, 160f
inframalleolar segment of 161f
interstitial tear of 159, 160
location of 160f
retromalleolar segment of 159f, 160f
Tibiofemoral joint space, medial 134
Tibiofibular ligament, anterior inferior 155f
Tibiotalar joint, anterior 154, 154f
Tophaceous gout, chronic 156, 158
Torn biceps tendon 21f
Torn patellar tendon 129f
Trauma 108
Traumatic injuries, evaluation of 38
Triceps muscle 41f, 42
chronic partial-thickness tear of 55
intramuscular cysticercosis of 41
medial head of 56, 56f
Triceps tendon 45f
osseous avulsion injury of 57
partial-thickness osseous avulsion injury of 58f
posterior third of 58
tear 58f
Trigger finger 83, 84
Trigger thumb 85
Tubercle, peroneal 163f
U
Ulnar artery 66f, 73f
Ulnar collateral ligament 52, 60f, 104f
avulsion injury of 105
full-thickness tear of anterior band of 60
injury 104
normal appearance of 105f
of elbow, partial-thickness tears of 60
thickened 104f
Ulnar nerve 36f, 66f
contusion of 37
diffuse thickening of 43f
distribution of 43
injury 36
neuritis 43
Ulnar neuritis 43
Ulnotrochlear joint space 60
V
Vague pain 55
Vague tingling sensation 68
Valgus strain on elbow 60
Valgus stress 60
Villonodular synovitis, pigmented 47
W
Wooden splinter granuloma 164
Wrist 77f
dorsal
and ulnar aspect of 79f
aspect of 78f, 79f
drop 39f
ganglion 63
radial aspect of 64f, 74
volar aspect of 63, 63f, 68, 71, 71f
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Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Teaching Files
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Teaching Files
Bipin R Shah MD DMRD DMRE Director Eclat Polyclinic, Mumbai Gray Scale Imaging, Mumbai Lifescan Imaging Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Ankit B Shah DNB MD Pg Dip MSK Ultrasound (UCAM Spain) Consultant Radiologist Eclat Polyclinic, Mumbai Gray Scale Imaging Mumbai, Maharashtra, India Foreword Nidhi Bhatnagar
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
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© 2019, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
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Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Teaching Files
First Edition: 2019
9789352706839
Printed at
My lovely wife Saroj.
Bipin R Shah
Dad, Mom, Aditi, Vedant, Prachi and my Teachers.
Ankit B Shah
FOREWORD
My introduction to Dr Bipin R Shah is so unique, it makes you believe in destiny all over again. I had submitted a paper in Musculoskeletal Ultrasound on Callus evaluation for an International Conference in 2013. Dr Marnix Vanholsbeeck was the Scientific co-ordinator with Dr Tony Bouffard. Dr Bipin R Shah was a well-known Musculoskeletal Specialist and both these world authorities had been great friends of his for many a years. So naturally they approached him for a feedback on my work and that was the turning point for me and musculoskeletal ultrasound in India. I met him for the first time in presence of Dr Bouffard in Agra in 2014 and his humble, unpretentious, simple demeanour floored me so very completely.
My introduction to Ankit B Shah and that they were father-son duo, came much later. The brilliance of father could be seen transcending the next generation in a most blessed manner. The vision they hold has been very effectively translated in this work called Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Teaching Files which is the second book they have co-authored. They have authored first book on Ultrasound of Shoulder which is a perfect reminder of the deep faith they both hold in the useful application of musculoskeletal ultrasound in clinical practice.
Although, the emphasis of this work in the second book is on musculoskeletal ultrasound, it contains much more that will be of interest to those outside the field of radiology, indeed to anyone having a fascination with the world of diagnostics. It describes the related anatomy, sonoanatomy along with the sonopathology findings, differential diagnosis and a discussion which answers all the small questions and why is that may arise through the course of reading through the case history. The authors have selected well over 82 cases with nearly all common complaints afflicting muscles, bones, joints, soft tissues, tendons and ligaments with which a patient may walk into the clinic for diagnosis and treatment. Although, these cases may represent just a sample in the spectrum of related pathologies, they amply illustrate the importance of ultrasound as an important diagnostic tool in evaluating musculoskeletal system complaints, as also raising the bar in patient care. The case series are a celebration of how ultrasound has evolved to a position of awe and credibility in today's highly specialized world dominated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomographs (CTs).
It is all here, honest expressions, serious purpose, clarity of thoughts and strength of conviction in demonstrating the ultrasound signs with high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing musculoskeletal system-related pathologies through simple yet dynamic modality like ultrasound, literally rehabilitating this tool, to reclaim the dignity of sonologist from the self-proclaimed gatekeepers who nearly for a decade or more wield the medical world to indict the ‘Inferiority’ of others and confirm ‘superiority‘ of themselves, returning it to those who toiled at a labor of ‘ultrasound’ love because of that burning passion and belief in them.
There is no doubt that for the Drs Bipin R Shah and Ankit B Shah, writing this book was a labor of love.
I think that Drs Bipin R Shah and Ankit B Shah, the inspiring father-son team can be confident that there will be many a grateful readers who will benefit from the broad-based overview of pathologies that can be diagnosed through musculoskeletal ultrasound having well-defined structured approach laid out in this book.
Nidhi Bhatnagar
MD (Radiodiagnosis) Pg Dip. MSK US (UCAM Spain)
Head
Department of Radiology
Mata Chanan Devi Hospital
New Delhi, India
Professor
UCAM, University of Murcia, Spain
Vice President
Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Society
PREFACE
After having authored Step by Step Sonography of the Shoulder Joint in the year 2010, we are now ready with Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Teaching Files. The concept of a general musculoskeletal ultrasound case-based book arose from our work experience in musculoskeletal ultrasound and close interaction with the orthopedic colleagues over the years. The objective of this book is to present the information that we, as authors, believe, is important for those learning musculoskeletal ultrasound and those who are practicing musculoskeletal ultrasound on a routine basis. The cases have been segregated based on the anatomic region involved. We have tried to cover the common pathologies encountered in day-to-day practice, leaving out the exceptional cases. Each case begins with a clinical history followed by ultrasound images with their description, diagnosis and relevant discussion pertaining to the case. In the case discussion, we have stressed on relative anatomy and certain points that need to be incorporated within the report, so that all the relevant information is conveyed to the referring orthopedic surgeons and physicians. We have made a conscious effort to refrain from commenting on controversial topics. We are sincerely hopeful that this book provides a pleasant experience to the readers and provides answers quickly and easily when they need them.
Bipin R Shah
Ankit B Shah
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
At the outset, I would like to thank Ankit, without whom this book would not have been possible.
I would like to thank my family for enduring our erratic working hours throughout the time this book was being written. I would sincerely like to thank my staff at Eclat Polyclinic and Gray Scale Imaging for compilation of images and helping us draft the manuscript.
Bipin R Shah
I will begin with a big thank to my dad Dr Bipin R Shah, a pioneer in musculoskeletal ultrasound in India. He is solely responsible for kindling my interest in musculoskeletal ultrasound. He has been my source of inspiration and guiding force.
I am indebted to my mom, my wife Aditi and my sister Prachi for their never-ending support. I am grateful to all my colleagues from the orthopedic fraternity who have bestowed their faith in me and have added to my understanding of musculoskeletal pathologies.
A big shout out to Dr Nidhi Bhatnagar whom I really can't thank enough. She has always been a pillar of strength for me and someone I have always looked up to.
A special thanks to my buddies Shriji, Manish, Babu, Rishi, Amol, Shraddha, Ankit and Swarup.
I would like to thank Shri Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman), Mr Ankit Vij (Managing Director), Ms Chetna Malhotra Vohra (Associate Director–Content Strategy), Ms Madhuri Aggarwal (Development Editor), and all the staff of M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India, for their efforts and input enabling timely publication of the book.
So that I do not leave anybody out, I would like to sincerely thank everyone who has directly or indirectly contributed while writing the book.
Ankit B Shah