A
Acetyl-CoA derived 41
Adenosine triphosphatase 9
Adipokine 42
kinetics besides effects 40
levels of anti-inflammatory 42
paracrine regulation of 42
reducing proinflammatory 42
Adipose tissue 31
Albuminuria, effects on 91f
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors 73
American College of Endocrinology, guidelines 66
American Diabetes Association 64
Antianaphylactic 4
Antiasthmatic 4
Antiatherogenic properties 59
Anti-inflammatory, antitumor 4
Antimicrobial and immunoregulatory 4
Atherosclerotic events 87
B
Bacteria, increased adherence of 50
Beta-carboxy-telopeptide 57
Beta-cell function 63
Beta-hydroxybutyrate 38
Biguanides 73
Body mass index 32
Bone effects and fractures 56
Bowman's capsule 17
Breast cancer, rates of 61
C
Cancer risk 60
Candida glabrata 49
Cardiac
fibroblasts results 41
metabolism and bioenergetics, improvement in 41
structural remodeling 41
Cardioprotection 60
Cardioprotective action 40
Cardiovascular
benefits: implications of 35
death 93
composite of 89
disease 25
prevalence of 35
event 22
primarily 40
thrombolysis 37
protective effects 4
Catabolic state 75
Credence trial
exploratory outcomes 92
interpretation 93
limitations 94
methodology 88
outcomes 89
primary outcomes 89
safety evaluations 89
Cytokine 42
Cytokine interleukin-6 42
D
Dehydration 73
Dehydration-related dyshidrotic eczema 60
Diabetes mellitus
and cardiovascular disease 21
management of 63
controlled 81
need for adjuvant therapies in 79
management of 21
patients trial with empagliflozin 23
Diabetic foot ulcers 74
Diabetic ketoacidosis 53
associated increased risk of 84
essential pathophysiology of 53f
incidence of 34
increased risk for 34
Diabetic tubulointerstitial fibrosis 15
Diabetologia 40
Dihydrochalcone compound isolated 2
Distal tubular sodium delivery 45
Diuresis leads 73
Dizziness 66
Drug interactions 60
Dyselectrolytemia 56
Dysentery 4
Dyslipidemia 21
E
cardiovascular outcome event trial 23
causes inhibition 41
dose of 56
reported for 60
treatment blocks proximal tubule glucose 45
Epicardial adipose tissue mass 42
Epidermal growth factor receptor 46
Ertugliflozin 4
Euglycemic insulin clamp 53
European Medicines Agency's CHMP regulatory committee 85
Exogenous 65
Eythropoietin levels leading 56
G
Genital mycotic infections 77
Glimepiride 32
Glimpse 1
Glitazones 79
Glucagon
levels
increased 55
stimulating neoglucogenesis 84
production 52
secretion 33
improements in 32
Glucose
deficiency 31
diffuses 16
excretion 10
galactose malabsorption 18
homeostasis, regulation of 12
levels, postprandial 31
lowering therapies 49
oxidation 33
inhibition of 31
mechanics of 10
physiology of 17
threshold for 17
toxicity, improvements in 32
transport in tubular epithelial cells 9f
Glucoside analogs 2
Glycemic control 79
Glycosuria 14
I
Immunoreactive insulin 39
Incretin axis 1
Infectious diseases, treatment option for 2
Inhibiting histone deacetylase 41
Inhibitory constant values 2
Insulin 4
add-on to 66
doses, careful titration of 79
resistance 65
secretion, improvements in 32
sensitivity 32
using triple combination therapy of 80
Interstitial fibrosis 18
Intracellular sodium concentration 16
Intraglomerular hypertension in patients 46
K
Ketogenesis 46
Kidney interstitium 16
Kidneys filter 17
Kurarinone 4
M
Maackiain 4
Malaria, treatment option for 2
Malignancy risk 61
Meglitinides 73
Metabolic syndrome 79
Monotherapy, agent of choice for 67
Multifactorial metabolic 39
Mycotic infections 73
Myocardium, direct effects on 40
N
Natriuresis diuresis 40
Necrosis, reduction of 41
Nephroprotection 44
Neurohormonal derangement 1
Nonesterified fatty acids 38
North American inTandem1 Study 82
P
Pain 4
Pancreatic beta-cells 49
Paracrine insulin inhibition 53
Parathyroid hormone increases bone resorption 57
Phenobarbital 60
Phenytoin 60
Phosphate 56
Pioglitazone 79
Plasma glucose 17
Pramlintide 79
Prohypertrophic transcription pathways 41
Proximal
convoluted tubule 74
straight tubule 15
tubular cells, basolateral membrane of 16
tubular sodium reabsorption 45
tubules 49
Pyogenic skin infections 4
R
Renal
death 42
components, effect on primary outcome 90
disease 38
effects
acute kidney injury 54
with blood pressure 35
function 19
gluconeogenesis in postabsorptive state 7
glucose
reabsorption in diabetes, alterations of 17
release in the postprandial state 8
transport upregulation of 8
glycogenesis 8
drugs water 73
hemodynamic effects associated with SGLT-2 inhibition 45f
impairment 65
insufficiency 73
plasma flow 45
threshold for glucose excretion 10
tubular factors, overactivation of 14
Rifampicin 60
Ritonavir 60
S
Scabies 4
Sedentarism 78
Sergliflozin 3
Serum calcium 56
advantages and disadvantages in use of 28f
adverse effects and safety of 48
current evidences 80
dosage adjustments based on renal function 74
effect of 54
glycemic efficacy of 31
in diabetes 63
intrarenal effect of 14
in therapy, positioning of 64
induced hematocrit 56
mechanism of action of 15
mediated glucose transportation 15
metabolic
and hemodynamic effects of 31
effects of 32
offer renoprotection 18
on fracture risk 58
physiology of 7
potential mechanism for 84
role of kidneys in glucose homeostasis 7
safety concerns 83
use of 65
clinical beneficial effects 72
contraindications 72
of indications 72
Skin disorders 60
Small intestine 64
Sodium
electrochemical potential gradient 9
glucose linked transporter T2DM (SGLT-2) inhibitors, effect of 51
glucose cotransporter-2 87
reabsorption 45
Sophora flavescens 4
Swelling 4
T
Target glycemic range 82
Thiophene derivative of C-glucoside 3
Tissue glucose disposal 53
Total daily insulin, dose of 82
Tubuloglomerular, restoration of impaired 55
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis 18
U
United States Food and Drug Administration 3
Urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio 88
Urothelium 50
USA Food and Drug Administration 22