Year Book of Medicine 2018 Gurpreet S Wander
INDEX
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWYZ
A
Abdominal
fat 151
obesity 154, 185
pain 75, 79
tuberculosis, duration of treatment in 129
Achalasia 103
cardia 103
effective treatment options for 103
patients treatment failure 103
Acid fast bacilli 127
Acid-base disturbances 79
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 136
Acute coronary syndrome 25
Adalimumab 259–262, 264
efficacy to 262
group 263
Adenocarcinoma 102
Adenosine deaminase 127
Adiponectin 195
Adipose tissue 150
induced inflammation 195
Adiposity 170
consequences of 195
indices 169
Adrenal hyperplasia, bilateral 12
Adult respiratory distress syndrome 50
Aedes aegypti 143
Agranulocytic inflammations
type-2 49
non-type 2 49
Air pollution
house-hold 35
indoor 35
Albendazole 132
Albumin-to-creatinine, ratio of 195
Albuminuria 196, 202, 203, 211
increased risk of 197
range of 204
Albuterol 51
Alcohol
dependence, prevalence of 78
related disorders 78
related liver injury 115
use disorder, chronic 78
Alcoholic
hepatitis
acute 115
severe 114, 115
ketoacidosis 78–80
liver disease 113, 119
Aldarate metabolism 198
Aldosterone producing adenoma 12
Alemtuzumab 252
Alendronate 174–176
for fracture prevention 174
to-alendronate group 174, 175
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis 40
Alternaria 164
Alzheimer's disease 93, 176
American College of Gastroenterology 101
American College of Physicians 62
American College of Rheumatology 20, 259, 262, 263, 270
American Thyroid Association 62
Amikacin 52, 124
Aminoglycosides 51–53
Amitriptylin 250
Ammonia binding 114
Amoxicillin 157
plus clavulanate 124
Amperometric immunosensor 127
Ampicillin 158, 159
Anaplasmosis 145
Anemia 90
Angina 11
Angioectasia 97, 100
Angiopoietin-like 3 gene 161, 162
Ankylosing spondylitis
disease
activity index 280
activity score 280
increased risk in 266
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors 14, 15
Angiotensin-receptor blockers 14, 15, 31
Antiatherosclerotic agents 15
Antibiotic
prophylaxis 220
resistance crisis 139
Antibody positive pregnant women 63
Anti-CD20 200
monoclonal antibody 219
Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies 270
Antidiabetic drugs 75
Antieosinophilic therapies 54
Antiepileptic therapies 229, 227
Anti-erenumab
binding antibodies 234
neutralizing antibodies 234
Antifibrotic drugs 47
Antihyperglycemic medications 71
Anti-immunoglobulin E 54
Antiinflammatory
effects 113
therapy 258
Antimicrobial resistance 159
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody 276, 277
Antiplatelet agent 19, 25, 26, 244
combination of 26
Antiresorptive agent 175
Antiretroviral therapy 131, 132, 135
Antirheumatic drugs 262
Antitachycardia pacing 21
Antithrombotic agents, role of 25
Antithyroid peroxidase 63
Antithyroperoxidase antibodies 80
Antitubercular therapy 109
Antituberculosis
new drugs 123
therapy 129
Antitumor necrosis factor 259, 264, 280
Antiviral 117, 118
combination of oral 118
prophylaxis, long-term 117
Aortic stenosis, severe 10, 11
Aortic valve replacement 11
Aorticorenal
pathway 201
plexus 201
section 201
Apgar score 169
Apixaban 96
Apolipoprotein E 162
Argon plasma coagulation 100
Artemisinin
derivatives 171
replacing quinine 171
Arterial hypertension 12
Artesunate 142
Arthralgia 271
Ascorbate 198
Aspergillus fumigatus antigen 40
Aspergillus fungus, prevalence of 41
Aspergillus hypersensitivity, prevalence of 40
Aspergillus sensitization 40
Aspergillus skin-prick test 40, 41
Aspirin 19, 25, 58, 244, 259
use of 247
Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society 274, 280
Asthma
cause of 37
exacerbations of 53, 60
forms of 40
long-standing 34
related event
severe 46, 48, 60
treatment of 54
uncontrolled 53
Asymptomatic Alzheimer's, anti-amyloid treatment in 178
Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis 245
Atherogenesis 259, 266
Atherosclerosis 15, 162, 276
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease 69
Atherothrombosis 258
Atorvastatin 17, 33, 34, 86
Atrial fibrillation 19, 20
dual antithrombotic therapy 19
Atrial septal defect 8
Auramine 127
Autoimmune
disease 282
encephalitis 233
encephalomyelitis 252
hemolytic anemia 144
inflammatory demyelinating disorder 252
rheumatic diseases 279
Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation 253, 254
Automated insulin delivery options 168
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease 200, 201, 209
Axial spondyloarthritis 274
Azathioprine 44, 45, 216, 218
Azithromycin 53–54, 132, 142, 147
in asthma 54
Aztreonam 147
B
Babesia microti 145
infection 145
parasitemia 144
Babesiosis, treatment of 145
Bacterial
coinfection 181
endotoxins 114
lipopolysaccharides 113
pneumonia 136, 181
sepsis 142, 143
Bare metal stents 32
Bariatric surgery 65, 66, 76, 195
Baricitinib 259, 260
Barrett's neoplasia 102
Basilar artery 244
occlusion 242, 243
B cells mechanisms, importance of 253
Bedaquiline 123, 124
Behandel strategieen 268
Benralizumab 49
Beta cells influence 252
Beta-lactamase 140
enzyme 157
Beta 2-agonists, long-acting 43, 54
Bicarbonate
loss of 24, 79
replacement 79
Bifidobacterium longum 115
Biflanged metal stent 104
Bile acid
affect the gut microbiome 107
content of microbiome 107
Biliary colic 75
Bioabsorbable stents 32
Biologic agents 281
Biomarker
cognitive 237
diseases, progression 238
Biomass fuels 35
Bioresorbable vascular scaffold 32
Biosimilar
agents 281
clinical utility of 281
Biovascular scaffold 32
Bipolaris 164
Bleeding complications, incidence of 20
Blood glucose ratio 246
Blood pressure 185, 206
controlling 206
rise in 206
systolic 206
Blood transfusion 97
Blood vessel 279
Body mass index 65, 149, 150, 194, 198
Body, organs of 276
Bone mineral density 162, 163
Bosentan 8
Brachial artery 210
Brachialgia 251
Brain atrophy 150
Breast cancer 106
British Geriatrics Society 179
British Society of Rheumatology Biologics Registry 274
Bronchial thermoplasty 46, 49, 50
in patients 46
Bronchiectasis 40
Bronchodilator
reversibility 40
use 56, 57
Budesonide 60, 215
Bumetanide 23
Burn injury, major 51
C
Calcineurin inhibitor 216, 217, 224, 225
combination 218
therapy 217
Calcitonin gene related peptide 234, 235
Canadian Association of Gastroenterology, guidelines 101
Canagliflozin 67, 68, 72, 73, 203
cardiovascular assessment study 67, 68
causes decrease 203
effect of 68
slows progression 203
use of 68
Canakinumab 258
doses of 258
for atherosclerotic disease 258
Cancer 106
Candida infection 137
Cannabidiol 229, 230
Capillary glucose monitoring 167
Capreomycin 124
Captopril challenge test 12
Carbapenem 123, 155, 156
resistant Enterobacteriaceae 139, 140
Carbon monoxide 45
diffusing capacity for 272, 273
Carcinoma gallbladder, risk of 107
Cardiac
biomarkers, concentration of 28
complication prediction score 141
death 31
vasculature 276
Cardinal step, fluid restriction 65
Cardio-metabolic, risk factors 18
Cardiorenal syndrome 23
Cardiovascular
and renal events 67
complications 140, 141
death 25, 28
disease 28, 69, 94, 161
evolocumab and clinical outcomes 5
intake of fruits, vegetables, and legumes 29
models for major 29
reduction of 29
risk of 258
secondary prevention of 26
health study 154
manifestations 275
mortality 29, 72, 73
decreased risk of 72
outcome results, evaluation of 84
Carotid artery 244
Carotid endarterectomy 244, 245
Carpal tunnel syndrome 251
diagnosis of 251
electrodiagnosis of 250
Catheter-based renal denervation 201
CD4 cell count 135
Cefepime 157
Cefixime 147
Cefotaxime 147, 157
Ceftazidime 157
Ceftriaxone 122, 142, 147
Celiac disease 112
epidemiology of 113
global prevalence of 111
increase in prevalence of 112
Celiac pathways 201
Cells, apical surface of 24
Central pontine myelinolysis 64
Cerebellar
dysfunction 233
perfusion 239
Cerebrospinal fluid 246, 247
amyloid levels 239
Cerebrovascular disease 245
Cesarean
delivery 170
section 169
Charlson comorbidity index 86
Chikungunya
infection 143
viruses 143
Childhood nephrotic syndrome 219
Chloramphenicol 159
Chlorhexidine 181
Cholecalciferol administration 212
Cholecystectomy 106
Cholestatic liver disease 115
Cholestyramine 114
Chronic obstructive lung disease 44, 56, 57
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 36, 43, 55, 57
common causes 35
etiological profile of 34
prevalence 34
tiotropium in early-stage 56
Circadian-rhythm disruption 116
Cirrhosis 116
of liver 79
very severe 119
Clavulanic acid 157
Clinical frailty scale 152
Clofazimine 123, 124
Clonal hematopoiesis 160
age-related 173
indeterminate potential 160
risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease 159
Clopidogrel 19, 20, 244
combination 244
Clostridium difficile 139, 140
infection 125
alternate therapy for 126
clinical practice guidelines for 125
Clozapine 239
Cluster-randomized trial 75
Cobalt-chromium
everolimus-eluting stents 31
Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 27
Collagen deposition, abnormal 273
Color Doppler, bilateral carotid arteries 245
Colorectal cancer 110, 248
risk of 110, 111
Community-acquired pneumonia 140
cardiovascular complications 140
short-term mortality risk in 140
Complex partial seizures 228
Congestive heart failure 30, 70, 71
Conivaptan 64
Connective-tissue disorders 36
Consciousness, loss of 11
Continuous glucose monitoring 166, 167
Contractures 144
Contrast-induced nephropathy 192
Cornerstone, management of 45
Coronary artery disease
increase major risk factors 19
prevalence of 18
progression of 245
risk factors 18
Coronary atherosclerosis 245
Corticosteroids 233
for lupus 276
in extrapulmonary tuberculosis 129
C-reactive protein 33, 74, 154
Crohn's disease 109
Cryptococcal
meningitis 246
infection 136
Cubulin endocytic receptor 90
Curvularia 164
Cutaneous sensitivity, correlation of 37
Cycle ergometry 36
Cyclophosphamide 145, 218, 273
Cycloserine 124
CYP2C19 enzyme activity 99
Cystic diseases 223
Cystic renal diseases
management 223
perinatal diagnosis 223
Cytokine response 37
Cytomegalovirus infection 136, 137
Cytopenia, period of 273
D
Dabigatran 19, 96
Dapagliflozin, use of 72, 73
Declogging 105
Delamanid 123, 124
Delusions 237
Dematiaceous agents 164, 165
Dementia 92, 93, 149, 227
drug, prescription of 93
Dengue 142, 143, 166
Deoxyribonucleic acid 114
Depression 239
Dextrose 78
Diabetes and prediabetes,
prevalence of 87
used to diagnose 88
Diabetes mellitus 42, 153, 251
neuropathy 249
uncontrolled 42
prevalence of 88, 89
type 2 66, 67, 72, 75, 83, 185, 199
weight management for remission of 75
with microalbuminuria leads 207
Diabetic foot ulcer 73, 74
Diabetic kidney disease 198
pathogenesis of 198
risk of 198
Dietary sodium restriction 211
Digital immunoassays 182, 183
Dimensions Visual Analogue Scale 75
Dimercaptosuccinic acid 220
Dipeptidyl-peptidase
4 inhibitors 84
like protein-C 233
Direct endoscopic necrosectomy 104, 105
Disability progression 254
role in 252
Disease-modifying
antirheumatic drugs 270, 279
therapy 254
Distal convoluted 24
Distinguishing tuberculous meningitis 246
Donepezil 93
Dopamine
concentration 236
transporter protein regulates 236
Doxycycline 142
Dravet syndrome 229, 230
Drug abuse 133
Drug-resistant seizures 229
Drug-resistant tuberculosis 38, 52
clinical profile and treatment 38
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry 163
Duodenal ulcer 100
Dyslipidemia 93, 150, 185, 245, 246
Dyslipidemic mice 161
Dyspepsia
guideline 101
management of 100
Dysphagia 144
Dyspnea 44
consciousness 11
scale 36, 57
E
Ehrlichiosis 145
Eisenmenger syndrome 8
Elafibrinor 117
Elastography 116
Electrolyte disturbances 79, 80
in patients 78
Empagliflozin 72, 73, 202–204
uniformly reduced 204
Empiric antimicrobial therapy 142
Encephalitis 142, 143
Encephalopathy 142, 143
End stage renal disease
commonest cause of 198
risk of postdonation 193
Endoclip therapy 99, 100
Endocrine Society of India 82
Endogenous bicarbonate, production of 79
Endometrial cancer 169
Endopeptidase 199
End-organ disease 74
Endoscopic
mucosal resection 102
reintervention 105
submucosal dissection 102
ultrasound 104
Endothelial function 211
Endothelin receptor antagonists 8
Endotoxemia 113
Endovascular, treatment 242, 243
End-stage kidney disease 217
End-stage liver disease, mean model for 114
End-stage renal disease 120, 195, 200, 208, 214
prevalence of premature 84
treatment for 209
Entecavir monotherapy 117, 118
long-term outcomes of 117
Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus 155–157
Enterococcus villorum 115
Entheseal sites 274
Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay 37
Enzyme replacement therapy 108
Eosinophilic
airway inflammation 56
granulomatosis 277
inflammation, role of 55
Epilepsy
classification of 227, 228
disorder 229
research 227
Epileptological syndrome 228
Epinephrine injection 100
Episodic migraine 235
Epoprostenol 8
Eptinezumab 234, 235
Erenumab 234, 235
safety and efficacy of 233
Erosive gastropathy 100
Escherichia coli 146, 157, 158, 200
Esophageal candidiasis 165
Esophageal ulcer 100
Esophagus 102
Estimated glomerular filtration rate 192, 195, 203, 204, 206
Etacept 280
Etanercept 267
biosimilar 280, 281
Ethambutol 123, 124, 129
Ethionamide 124
European League Against Rheumatism 270, 272
European Society of Pediatric Nephrology 223
Euthyroid 63
Everolimus-eluting bioresorbable coronary scaffolds 31
Evinacumab 161, 162
administration 162
Evolocumab 6
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency 108
Exogenous
bicarbonate therapy 79
insulin 79
Extra-articular disease 270
Extra-cranial, incidence of 248
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis 128
Ezetimibe 17
F
Falciparum 143
Fallot's tetralogy 10
Family-led Rehabilitation after Stroke in India 241, 242
Fat absorption, coefficient of 107
Fat and muscle tissue 149
Fatty streak formation, earliest stages of 259
Fecal
bacteriotherapy 126
fat excretion 108
microbiota transplantation 114, 115
nitrogen excretion 108
Femoral neck region 163
Fibromyalgia 249, 274
concomitant 274
criteria for 274
Fibroscan 116, 120
Fibrosis 129, 130, 273
Fingolimod 252
Flagellin 113
Flow mediated dilatation 211
Fluconazole 132
Fluoroquinolone 51–53, 124
Food
allergy 37
insecurity 197
Foot ulcers 74
Forced vital capacity 44, 45, 272
Formidable burden 38
Formoterol 43
combination of 43, 44
Fragility fracture 174
Frailty 153
in older adults 153
index 151
Fremanezumab 234, 235
Frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome 219
Fungal infections 164
Furosemide 23
G
Gabapentin 249
Galantamin 93
Galcanezumab 234, 235
Gallstone
disease, screen-detected 106
mechanism of 107
status 106
Gastric
bypass 66
cancer 102
polyp 100
ulcer 100
Gastroesophageal
junction tear 100
reflux disease 104
Gastrointestinal
bleeding 96
rate of 96
risk for 96, 97
cancers 106
intolerance 269
symptoms 108, 232
Gastroparesis 101
Gatifloxacin 124
Genes, sequencing of 51
Genetic
and pharmacologic inactivation 161
susceptibility 93
testing 223
Genexpert platform 129
Genome-wide association studies 198
Geriatric
fungal infections: a prevalence study 164
health 163
medicine 178
multisystemic syndrome 153
syndromes, incidence of 152
Gestational
age 167
diabetes 169
Giant cell arteritis 264, 265
Glatiramer acetate 252
Glimepiride 203
Global initiative for asthma 60
Glomerular filtration rate 205
Glomerular sodium filtration 24
Glucagon-like peptide 1 analog 83
Glucocorticoids 49
Glucose lowering drugs 67, 72, 84
Glucuronate interconversions 198
Glycemia, measures of 168
Glycemic
control 42
markers 67
Glycopyrronium 44
Glycosylated hemoglobin 42, 75
level of 65, 66
Goiter 80
Granules 108
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis 277
Great arteries 10
Guillain-Barré syndrome 143, 144
Gut
derived products 116
liver axis 113
microbiome 114, 115
modulation of 114
vascular barrier regulates 113
H
Hallucinations 237
Hashimoto's thyroiditis 80, 81
Hazard ratio 27, 29, 106
black race 194
Headaches 227
Health assessment questionnaire-disability index 259, 262, 263
Healthy donor fecal 114
microbiota transplantation 114
Heart
failure 13, 14
borderline 13, 14
diuretic treatment in 23
hospital events for 72
preserved ejection fraction 14
reduced ejection fraction 13
results from the International Congestive Heart Failure 30
valves 276
during pregnancy 22
mechanical 22
Helicobacter pylori 101
Heller myotomy 103
Hemagglutination inhibition assay 279
Hematopoietic stem cell transfer 254
Hemodynamic instability 96
Hemorrhagic shock 51
Hepatic encephalopathy 113, 121
treatment of 122
Hepatitis B
after liver transplant 118
chronic 117
immuneglobulin 117
virus 117
Hepatitis C
after kidney transplant, treatment of 121
infection, successful treatment of 120
virus, treated 120
Hepatocellular carcinoma 116
Herpes zoster 262, 264
infections 263
Herpetic neuralgia 249
Heterogenous disease 76
High-density lipoprotein 162
cholesterol 94
High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia 102
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein 150
Hippocampal sclerosis 228
HIV-negative
at-risk groups 131
household contacts 131
patients 134
Homeostasis model assessment 153, 154
Human
chorionic gonadotropin 62
glucagon-like peptide 84
immunodeficiency virus 124, 132–134, 137
complication of 136
leukocyte antigen 199, 221, 222
monoclonal antibody 162, 234
Hyocalcemia 80
Hypercholesterolemia 18
Hypercoagulable state 22
Hyperdensities 46
Hyperechoic kidneys 224
Hyperhomocysteinemia 244
Hyperkalemia 24, 207
Hyperlipidemia 244
Hyperplasia 24
Hyperreflexia 144
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, chronic 44, 45
Hypertension 244
Hyperthyroidism 93
in pregnancy 63
Hypertonicity 144
Hypocalcemia 79
Hypokalemia 78, 80, 207
Hypomagnesemia 79, 80
Hyponatremia 64, 78, 79, 85, 86
Hypophosphatemia 80
develops 78
Hypoproteinemia 79
Hypothesis 33
Hypothyroidism 184
degrees of 81
subclinical 92–94
Hypovitaminosis D 77, 82
high prevalence of 81
Hypoxemia 27
I
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias 36
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 47
Idiopathic steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome 224
Iloprost 8
Imipenem 147
plus cilastatin 124
Immune phenotyping studies 134
Immunosenescence 165
Immunosensor development 127
Immunosuppression therapy 120, 254, 276
effect of high-dose 253
Impaired fasting glucose 185
Impaired lung function 48
Implantable cardioverter defibrillators 21
Indacaterol, combination of 44
Indian Council for Medical Research 88, 163
Indian Stroke Clinical Trial Network 242
Indian Study on Epidemiology, respiratory symptoms, chronic bronchitis 35
Infantile cystic renal diseases, managing 223
Infantile spasms 228
Infectious Diseases Society of America 125
Inflammation
greater quantum of 271
higher grade of 270
Inflammatory
arthritis 269, 272
biomarkers 33, 64
cells 259
cytokine 259, 281
release 253
hypothesis 258
Infliximab 268
Influenza
infection 182
strains 279
vaccination 280
virus prevaccination 280
Inhaled budesonide 60
Inhaled corticosteroid 54, 60
combination of 44
low-dose 59
treatment for mild asthma 59
Inhibitors empagliflozin 72, 73
Innate immune cells 259
In-stent restenosis, high incidence of 32
Insulin resistance 153, 155
Intacept 280
Intensity statin therapy 17
Intensive care unit 50, 142, 165
Intensive medical therapy 66
Interferon 33
beta-1a, in relapsing multiple sclerosis 252
beta-1b 252
gamma release assay 130, 131
International Agency for Research on Cancer 169
International Congestive Heart Failure 30
International League against Epilepsy 227, 228
Interstitial lung disease 36, 273
Intestinal
microbiota 116
transplantation 126
mucosal immunity upstream 214
tuberculosis 109
Intracellular
enzymes 260, 264
multiprotein complex 259
Intracerebral hemorrhage 247
Intracranial
angiography 244
arteries 244
atherosclerosis 243, 244
diagnose 244
evidence of 244
in stroke 244
stenosis 243
bleeding increased, risk for 248
occlusions 244
Intraerythrocytic protozoa 144, 145
Intraglomerular pressure 204
Intravascular iodinated contrast material 192
Intravenous saline 192
infusion test 12
Ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization 31
Ischemic optic neuropathy, anterior 265
Isoniazid 51, 52, 123, 124, 129, 130, 133, 137
monoresistant tuberculosis, management of 53
monotherapy 130
J
Janus kinase 259–261, 254
inhibitor 262
Jaundice 142
Joint
damage 259
swelling 271
K
Kanamycin 52, 124
Ketoacid anions leads 79
Ketoconazole 51
Kidney
disease
chronic 70, 71, 83, 193, 195, 196, 206, 211
evidence of preoperative 195
severe 70
donors 193
function 195
injury, acute 193, 207
transplantation 200, 221
live donor 194
Killed vaccines 280
Klebsiella pneumoniae 146
L
Lactation, failure of 92
Lactic acidosis 79
Lactulose 114, 122
Lamotrigine 231
Large vessel vasculitis 265
steroid sparing efficacy in 266
Latent tuberculosis infection 130, 131
Lateral flow lipoarabinomannan commercial tests 127
Leg
pain 249
ulcers 278
etiology of 278
Leptin 150, 195
Leptospirosis 143, 166
Leukotriene
modifier 49
receptor antagonists 54
Levofloxacin 124
Levothyroxin 63, 91, 183, 184
evidence for 94
replacement 184
therapy in subclinical hypothyroidism 94
treatment 94
use of 183
Lewy body dementia 236
Linear mixed-effects modeling 44, 45
Linezolid 123, 124
Lipid
lowering effect of levothyroxine 93
metabolism, abnormal 195
profile 33
Lipoarabinomannan
glycolipid 127
tests 126
Lipodystrophic syndromes 150
Liraglutide 83, 84
effect and action in diabetes 84
on renal outcome in type 2 diabetes 83
Liver biochemistry 117
Liver
disease 113
acute on chronic 118, 119
causes of 116
chronic 70, 71
severity, indices of 114
fibrosis 116
intensive care units 118
transplantation 117, 118
for chronic hepatitis B 117
results of 119
Lixivaptan 64
Loop
diuretics 23
mediated isothermal amplification 128
of henle 23
L-ornithine l-aspartate, efficacy of 121
Low-density lipoprotein 5, 17, 18, 69, 70, 94, 161, 162
Lower esophageal sphincter 103
Lower limb ulcers 278
Low-molecular weight heparin 22
Lumbar spine region 162
Lung
diffusion capacity of 45
for carbon monoxide 44
function 59, 60
loss of 48
proportion of 277
volume 47
Lupus nephritis 216, 217
treatment of 216
Lyme borreliosis 145
Lymph node tuberculosis 129
Lysofylline 51
M
Macroalbuminuria 83, 202, 204, 207
Macrosomia 169, 170
Macula densa 24
Magnesium
and calcium disturbances 79
levels 79
Malaria 142, 143, 166
Malignancy 260, 262
Maternal hyperglycemia 168
Mean corpuscular volume 90
Median
disease 282
nerve orthodomic sensory latency 251
Medical Research Council 36
Medicine, source of 138
Megasphaera elsdenii 115
Memantine 93
Memory
disorder 233
impairment 233
Mental
deficits, cognitive 232
disorders 82
Mepolizumab 49, 55
dose of 56
Meropenem 124, 155
range of 155
Metabolic
acidosis 78, 79
pathway analysis 114
syndrome 116, 153, 155, 185, 186
Metacarpophalangeal
joints 272
symptoms of 271
Metallic drug-eluting stents 31
Metallo-beta-lactamase 137, 138, 155, 156, 158
Metered dose inhaler 43
Metformin 70–72, 89, 90, 203
effect of 89
oral antidiabetic drug 90
use of 70
Methamizole 63
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 139
Methotrexate 261, 269
monotherapy 262
therapy 261
Methylprednisolone 213
Metolazone 23, 24
Microalbuminuria 13, 202, 208
Microbiota 107
transplantation therapy 114
Microscopic polyangiitis 277
Microspheres 108
Migraine 227, 246
chronic 235
preventive treatment of 233
treatment 235
Mild dementia 176
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists 31
Minimal intraobserver variation 282
Mini-mental state examination 176
Minimicrospheres 108
Minimum inhibitory concentration 155
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 128
Minor allele frequency 198
Molecular
barcoding 173
minimal residual disease 172
techniques 147
Monoclonal antibody
canakinumab, long-acting 259
targeting interleukin-1β 258
Moxifloxacin 52, 124
Multidrug resistant
Escherichia coli 157
tuberculosis, cases of 52
Multilobar disease 42
Multinational observational analysis 72
Multi-organ
dysfunction syndrome 142
failure 142, 143
Multiparameter flow cytometry 174
Multiple sclerosis 252–254
functional composite score 252
pathogenesis of 252
treatments for 252
Multiple system atrophy 236
Multiplex polymerase chain reaction 155
Multitarget arm 218
Multitarget therapy 216
Muscarinic antagonist, long-acting 43, 54
Muscle mass, loss of 150
Musculopathies 82
Mycobacteria disease 136
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 51, 52, 134, 136, 137, 139, 146
antigens 130
complex 127
infection 129
Mycophenolate mofetil 45, 216, 224, 225, 272, 273
use of 44
Myelodysplastic syndrome 160
Myeloid leukemia, acute 160, 172, 173
Myocardial infarction 6, 245, 258, 266
incidence of 266
increased risk of developing 276
oxygen therapy in suspected 26
risk of developing 266
use of high-intensity statin therapy 16
Myocardium 276
N
Nagi stent 105
Nalidixic acid resistant 159
Nasocystic tube 105
Nasoduodenal tube daily 114
Natalizumab 252
National Health and Medical Research Council 242
National Health Service 179
National Health Systems 38
Nefecon 215
in IgA nephropathy 215
Neighborhood deprivation 152
Neisseria gonorrhoeae 139
Neointimal hyperplasia 32
Neonatal health 167
Neonatal hypoglycemia 167
Neoplasia 102
Nephron blockade 24
Nephropathy 212, 213
Nerve
conduction
studies 251
tests 250
motor latency 251
Neurodegenerative disease 103
Neuro-electrophysiological test 251
Neurologic
disorders 143, 227, 226
global, regional, and national burden of 226
stage 246
Neuromuscular irritability 78
Neuropathic foot 74
Neuropathy, prevalence of 90
Neurorehabilitation 241
Neutrophil
elastase inhibition 51
to lymphocyte ratio 185, 186
Nintedanib 47
arm 48
Nitrogen absorption 108
coefficient of 108
Non cardiovascular mortality 29
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 115–117
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis 113, 115, 116
cause 116
pathogenesis 116
treatment of 116
Non-communicable diseases 197
Non-fatal strokes 29
Nonfibrin specific streptokinase 7
Nongastrointestinal cancers 106
Non-hypovolaemic hypotonic hyponatraemia, treatment of 63
Nonimmune hemolytic anemia 145
Noninvasive finger-tip monitoring of SpO2 27
Nonsputum-based test 126
Non-ST elevation
acute coronary syndromes 27
myocardial infarction 7
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 51, 267, 274, 280, 281
Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding 99
endoscopic clip in managing 99
treatment of 98
Norfloxacin 157
Normal free thyroxine 92
Normoalbuminuria 202
Novel
glycopyrrolate 43
hypothesis 215
Nucleic acid amplification tests 183
O
Obesity 116, 169, 267
epidemic incidence of 66
Obeticholic acid 117
Ocrelizumab 252, 253
Ofloxacin 52, 157
Omalizumab 49
Onychomycosis 164
Open-label alendronate period 175
Opportunistic infections 136
Oral
anticoagulation, presence of 20
candidiasis 165
cholecalciferol group 77
Organic
anion transporter 24
anions 24
Osteomalacia 82
Osteomyelitis 74
Osteoporosis 174
Overt hepatic encephalopathy 121
Oxidative protein damage 154
Oxidative stress 195
P
Pancreatic enzyme
insufficiency 108
replacement therapy 107, 108
efficacy of 107
Pancreatitis 51
chronic 107, 108
Panhypopituitarism 90, 91
Para-aminosalicylic acid 124
Parasitemia 145
antibiotic treatment and resolution of 145
Parathyroid hormone 77
Paricalcitol 212
Parkinson's
disease 236, 237
predictive of psychosis in 239
psychosis 236, 237
progression markers initiative dataset 238
Parkinsonian syndrome 236
Parkinsonism 236
Passage hallucinations 238
Patent ductus arteriosus 8
Pediatric
asthma, significant portion of 37
kidney transplantation 221
Peg tube site 100
Penicillium marneffei infection 136
Peptic ulcers
bleeding 97
endoscopic management 97
Peptidoglycans 113
Percutaneous coronary intervention 6, 7, 19, 20, 32
Peribronchial hyperdensities 46
Pericardial effusion 9
Perineal trauma 170
Periodontitis 246
Peripheral
artery disease 74
blood eosinophil 40
joints 274
lymph node tuberculosis 129
neuropathy 74
vascular disease 74
Periprocedural stroke, risk of 245
Peroral endoscopic myotomy 103
treatment-naïve achalasia patients 103
Persistent proteinuria corticosteroids 212
Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors 8
Phosphorus 79
Pimavanserin 239
Pirfenidone 47
Placebo-controlled
parallel group 53
trial 229
Plaque rupture 259
Plasma
exchange 216, 217
potassium 79
concentration 79
Plasmapheresis 233
Plasmodium falciparum malaria 171
Plastic stents 104
Pneumococcal vaccination 280
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia 136, 137
Pneumonias, types of 181
Podocytes 212
Polyangiitis 277
Polyclonal B-cell hyperactivity 217
Polycystic kidney disease 201
Polydipsia force 210
Polymerase chain reaction 137, 146, 148, 157
Postendoscopic procedure 100
Postmyocardial infarction 15
Postnatal depression 169
Postpartum hemorrhage 170
Postrandomization measurement 70
Potassium
disturbances 79
loss 24
Prednisone 268
Pregabalin in sciatica 249
Pregnancy 22
Prevaccination antibody titers 279
Progressive fibroinflammatory disorder 108
Prokinetic therapies 101
Prophylactic hydration 192
Proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 5, 6, 69
Protein creatinine ratio 215
Proteinase-3 ANCA 277
Proteinuria 195
Proteobacteria 115
Prothionamide 124
Proton pump inhibitors 98, 99
efficacy of 97
therapy 101
complications of 98
use of 108
Proximal convoluted tubule 24
Proximal muscle weakness 81–83
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 146, 155, 156
Psoriatic arthritis 263, 267
Psychiatric disorders, classification of 228
Psychosis 238
in Parkinson's disease 237
Pulmonary hypertension, evidence of 276
Pulmonary peribronchial hyperdensities 47
Pulmonary stenosis 10
Pulmonary tuberculosis 34, 41
prevalence of 42
Pulmonary valve 9
Pyrazinamide 123, 124, 129
Pyridoxine 133
Q
Quentiapine 239
Quinine 171
Quinolone resistance 159
R
Radiofrequency electrical generator 46
Radioimmunoassay 81
Radionucleotide scanning 63
Raised intracranial pressure 130, 240
Ramipril 211
Rankin scale, modified 239, 241
Rapid influenza diagnostic tests 182
Rapid molecular drug-susceptibility test 51
Rapid nucleic acid amplification tests 182
Refractory nephrotic syndrome 219
Relapsing multiple sclerosis 252
Renal cystic diseases prenatal management of 224
Renal failure 142, 143
Renal function 199
progressive loss of 214
Renal protection independently 203
Renal replacement therapy 33, 142, 204
Renal transplant recipients 120
Renin-angiotensin
system, effect of 204
aldosterone system 15, 84, 212, 213
activation of 195
inhibitor 208
Residual leukemia detection of 174
Resistant nephrotic syndrome 225
Reslizumab 49
Respiratory distress syndrome 143
Restenosis 32
Rheumatoid arthritis 251, 260, 261, 267–270, 272
comparison of active therapies trial 267
predict progression to 271
treatment of 261
triple therapy 267
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis 165
Ribavirin 120
Rickets 82
Rifampicin 52, 123, 124, 129, 130
Rifampin 137
Rifaximin 113, 121
Rituximab 145, 199, 200, 216, 219, 233
treatment 219, 220
Rivaroxaban 25, 58, 59, 96
plus aspirin group 26
Rivastigmine 93
Rodnan skin score, modified 272, 282
Romosozumab 174, 175
monoclonal antibody 176
to-alendronate group 174
treatment 175
Rosuvastatin 17
S
Sabouraud's dextrose agar 164
Sacroiliac joints 274
Salmeterol 44
Salmonella enterica serovar typhi 158, 159
Salmonella typhi 147, 148
Sarcoidosis 36
Sarcopenia 153, 154
Saroglitazar 117
Satavaptan 64
Sciatica 249
acute 250
chronic 249
Scleroderma 273, 282
associated, therapeutic option in 273
lung study 273
using shear wave elastography 281
Sclerostin inhibition 175
Scrub typhus 142, 143
Seizure activity 144
Seldom rhabdomyolysis 79
Sepsis 50, 79
global health priority 145
survival guidelines, 2018 33
treatment of 146
Septic shock 33
Sequential radiofrequency ablation 201
Seronegative rheumatoid arthritis 270
Serum cytokine 122
Serum free thyroxine level 184
Serum sodium concentration 64
Shear wave elastography 282
Sheehan's syndrome 90–92
Shock 50
Shoe pressure sensors 74
Shoulder dystocia 170
Sildenafil 8
Simplified disease activity index 259
Single genetic linkage 199
Skin
fibrosis 282
involvement, assessment of extent of 281
Skin-prick tests 38
Sleep behavior disorders 239
Sleeve-gastrectomy groups 66
Small intestinal biopsies 112
Small molecules 260
Sodium
delivery 24
glucose co-transporter-2 67, 68, 72, 73, 84, 202, 203
potassium-chloride cotransporters 23
retention 24
Sofosbuvir 120
Solanezumab 176–178
dose of 177
group 176
Somatic blood-cell clone 160
Spasticity 144
Spectrum beta lactamase producing bacteria 137
Splanchnic nerve block 201
Spondyloarthritis 267, 274, 280
Spondyloarthropathy 274, 281
greater severity of 275
Sporadic colorectal cancer, risk of 110
Sputum eosinophil count 56
Sputum smear microscopy 127
Squamous cell carcinoma 102
St George's respiratory questionnaire 36
Stable cardiovascular disease 25
Standardized treatment regimen 38
Staphylococcus aureus 146, 181
Statin-induced myopathy, prevalence and risk factors of 86
Statins 17, 33, 51, 244, 259
use of 267
ST-elevation myocardial infarction 6, 7, 26, 28
Steroid
dependent nephrotic syndrome 219
evaluation of 212
ineligible severe alcoholic hepatitis 114
resistant nephrotic syndrome 225
therapeutic evaluation of 215
treatment as regular therapy 59
Strength, loss of 154
Streptococcus pyogenes 199, 200
Streptomycin 124, 129, 158, 159
Stroke 25, 29, 240
acute 239
family history of 245
in India 241
mechanism of 244
severe subtype of 243
severity of 240
Subarachnoid hemorrhage 247
Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator 20
Subdural hematoma 247
Sudden cardiac death, incidence of 11
Sugar, uncontrolled 74
Sulphamethoxazole 159
Superbugs, development of 139
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
diagnosis of 85
secretion 64
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 33
Systemic lupus erythematosus 217, 275, 276
T
Tacrine 93
Tacrolimus 199, 216, 224, 225
Target vessel myocardial infarction 31
Tecfidera 252
Telcagepant 234
Tenofovir 118
Teriflunomide 252
Terizidone 124
Tetracycline 159
Tetralogy of Fallot 9
Theophylline 49, 54
Thiamine 79
Thiazide 24
diuretics 23
Thigh subcutaneous fat 151
Thioacetazone 124
Thrombectomy 242
Thrombocytopenia 142, 143
Thyroglobulin 63
antibodies 80
Thyroid
antibodies 80
autoantibodies, presence of 80
disease
diagnosis and management of 62
during pregnancy 62
dysfunction, subclinical 92
function tests 80
gland enlargement 81
hormone therapy 183
stimulating hormone 62, 91, 92
level of 62
Thyrotropin 94, 183
Ticagrelor 19
Tickborne zoonotic disease 144
Tiotropium 43, 44, 56
group 57
true efficacy of 57
Tissue hypoperfusion 79
Tocilizumab 265, 266
trial of 264
Tofacitinib 261–264
dose of 263, 264
monotherapy 261
efficacy and safety of 261
Tolvaptan 24, 64, 209, 210
efficacy and safety in management of 209
reduced kidney growth 209
Torsemide 23
Toxic antiretroviral drugs 135
Toxoplasmosis 136
Transcranial Doppler 239
Tremors 233
Trichophyton mentagrophyte 164
Tricyclic antidepressants 101
Triglycerides 94
Trimethoprim 158, 159
sulfamethoxazole 132, 133
Tubercular meningitis
chronic 246
diagnosis of 247
Tuberculin skin test 130, 131
Tuberculosis 51, 123
care diagnostics for 126
core second-line agents 124
current WHO recommended classification for MDR-TB regimen 124
diagnosis of 126, 128
endemic regions 109
multidrug-resistant regimen 124
second-line injectable agents 124
shorter regimens for 124
treatment of drug
resistant 124
susceptible 123
Tuberculous meningitis 129
diagnosis of 246
Tumor necrosis factor 33
alpha 281
inhibitors 263
Typhoid 143
U
Ubrogepant 234, 235
Ulcerative colitis 110
Uncontrolled asthma 49
Unfractionated heparin 22
Upper airways with associated lung 277
Upper gastrointestinal bleed 100, 114
Upper limb movements 252
Upper respiratory tract 276
Urinary albumin-creatinine ratio 67, 84, 202, 204
Urinary iodide concentration 80
Urinary tract infections 220, 221
V
van der Heijde score 268, 270
Vancomycin 113
Vaptans 65
meta-analysis of 63
Vascular disease 74
Vascular surgical intervention 74
Vasculitic leg ulcers 278
Vasculitis 276, 278
Vasopressor antagonist 24
Vegan culture 82
Venous thromboembolism, treatment of 58
Venous thrombosis 96
Ventilation 33
Ventricular
dysfunction, left 11
fibrillation 21
outflow tract, right 9
septal defect 8, 10
tachycardia 21
Vertebral artery 244
Vertebrobasilar occlusion stroke 242
endovascular therapy for 242
Vesicoureteral reflux 220
Viral infection 264
Viral load 117, 135
Viral meningitis 246
Viral pneumonia 181
Viral serology 117
Visceral adiposity 116
Visual Analogue Scale 201
Vitamin
B12
absorption 90
deficiency 90
intrinsic factor 90
D
administration 78
deficiency 77, 79
insufficiency 82
levels 77, 81
myopathy 82
supplementation 210
E 117
K antagonist 20, 22, 25
Volatile gases 35
W
Walking speed, composite measure of 252
Walled-off necrosis 105
inadequate for treatment of 104
Warfarin 26
Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia 144
Weight loss 67, 76, 232, 233
maintenance 75
Widal test 147, 148
Y
Yamagata strain 279
Young's modulus of elastography 282
Z
Ziehl-Neelsen technique 127
Zika virus infection 143, 144
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