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BOOK TITLE: Principles and Practice of Assisted Reproductive Technology
Infertility is the inability of a sexually active, noncontracepting couple to achieve spontaneous pregnancy in 1 year. About 15% of couples do not achieve pregnancy within 1 year and seek medical treatment for infertility. This chapter is divided into two sections following as male infertility and female infertility. A male factor is solely responsible in about 20% of infertile couples and contributes in another 30–40% of couples. A male infertility factor is often defined by abnormal semen parameters but may be present even when the semen analysis is normal. Failing to achieve pregnancy after 12 months or more of regular and unprotected sexual intercourse is an indication for couples to undergo diagnostic evaluation for infertility. As roughly 85% of couples usually achieve an unassisted natural pregnancy in 12–18 months, around 15% of couples would require evaluation for infertility.