Jaypee Brothers
In Current Chapter
In All Chapters
X
Clear
X
GO
Normal
Sepia
Dark
Default Style
Font Style 1
Font Style 2
Font Style 3
Less
Normal
More
Monograph: Immune-mediated Neurological Disorders
Rajesh Shankar Iyer, Mugundhan Krishnan, Lakshmi Narasimhan Ranganathan
CHAPTER 1:
Introduction
INTRODUCTION
HISTORIC BACKGROUND
EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CLINICAL SPECTRUM
WORKUP
TREATMENT STRATEGIES
CONCLUSION
TAKE HOME MESSAGES
CHAPTER 2:
Anti-neural Antibodies and the Disease Associations
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
Autoimmunity in Nervous System
Physiological and Pathological Origin
Antigenic Target Location
Association with Malignancies and Nonmalignancies
MECHANISM OF ANTIBODY-MEDIATED NEURONAL INJURY
Pathogenesis of Neural Antibodies
Tumor-related Antibodies
The Effector Mechanism
EFFECTOR MECHANISM FOR INTRACELLULAR ANTIGENS
ANTINEURONAL ANTIBODIES AND ITS DISEASE ASSOCIATION
Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Antibodies
Intracellular Synaptic Antibodies
Cell-surface and Synaptic Antigens
CLINICAL PHENOTYPE-BASED APPROACH TO AUTOIMMUNE ANTIBODIES
CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS OF ANTINEURAL ANTIBODIES WITH CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT
Autoimmune Encephalitis
Autoimmune Epilepsy
Autoimmune Myelopathy
Autoimmune Neuropathy
Autoimmune Cerebellopathies
Autoimmune Movement Disorder
Autoimmune Neuromuscular Disorders
Aquaporin-4 Autoimmunity
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Autoimmunity
Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Autoimmunity
EVALUATION OF ANTIBODIES AND VARIOUS METHODS TO DETECT ANTIBODIES
EVALUATION OF MALIGNANCY
TREATMENT
CONCLUSION
TAKE HOME MESSAGEs
CHAPTER 3:
Laboratory Evaluation of Neuronal Antibodies
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
INDICATIONS FOR TESTING OF NEURONAL ANTIBODIES
SAMPLES FOR TESTING
TRANSPORTATION OF SAMPLES
CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIBODIES
NOMENCLATURE OF ANTIBODIES
METHODS OF TESTING
INTERPRETATION OF THE TEST REPORTS
What to Do if You Get Negative Reports?
CONCLUSION
TAKE HOME MESSAGEs
CHAPTER 4:
Autoimmune Dementia
INTRODUCTION
Classification of Autoimmune Dementia
Extracellular Autoimmune Dementia
Intracellular Autoimmune Dementia
Systemic Autoimmunity in Dementia
ROLE OF AUTOIMMUNITY IN PRIMARY DEMENTIA
CONCLUSION
TAKE HOME MESSAGES
CHAPTER 5:
Autoimmune Demyelinating Disorders
INTRODUCTION
MULTILPLE SCLEROSIS
Pathogenesis
Epidemiology and Risk Factors
Clinical Features
DISEASE COURSE
Diagnosis
Imaging
Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis
Evoked Potential
Treatment
Acute Attacks
Disease Modifying Drugs
Injectable Therapy
Infusion Therapies
Oral Therapies
Other Therapies
Pregnancy and Multiple Sclerosis
NEUROMYELITIS OPTICA
Epidemiology
Clinical Presentation
Optic Neuritis
Transverse Myelitis
Acute Brainstem Syndrome
Area Postrema Syndrome
Acute Diencephalic Syndrome
Symptomatic Cerebral Syndrome
Diagnostic Evaluation
Serum Aquaporin 4–Immunoglobulin G Testing
Cerebrospinal Fluid Examination
Neuroimaging
Diagnostic Criteria
Treatment
Acute Attacks
Maintenance Therapy
ACUTE DISSEMINATED ENCEPHALOMYELITIS
Diagnostic Criteria (Table 3)
Monophasic ADEM
Pathogenesis
Pathology
Epidemiology
Clinical Features
Diagnosis
Treatment
CONCLUSION
TAKE HOME MESSAGEs
CHAPTER 6:
Autoimmune Epilepsies
INTRODUCTION
HISTORICAL ASPECTS
CLASSIFICATION
AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALITIS
Autoimmune Encephalitis with Antibodies against Intracellular Antigens
Autoimmune Encephalitis with Antibodies to Neuronal Surface Antigens
Voltage-gated Potassium Channel Complex Antibody Limbic Encephalitis
Autoimmune Encephalitis with Antibodies against NMDA Receptor
Anti-gamma Amino Butyric Acid B Receptor Encephalitis
Gamma Amino Butyric Acid-A Receptor Antibody Encephalitis
AMPA Receptor Antibody Encephalitis
Glycine Receptor Antibody Encephalitis
Limbic Encephalitis Associated with GAD-65 Antibodies
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Antibody–Mediated Encephalitis
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-Like Protein-6 Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis
Rasmussen's Encephalitis
SYNDROMES OF DE NOVO FEBRILE ILLNESS-RELATED REFRACTORY SEIZURES AND STATUS EPILEPTICUS
SEIZURES IN PATIENTS WITH OTHER AUTOIMMUNE AND INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS OF THE CNS
ANTIBODIES IN PATIENTS WITH ISOLATED CHRONIC EPILEPSY
INTERPRETATION OF ANTIBODY TESTING IN AUTOIMMUNE ENCEPHALITIS
TREATMENT
CONCLUSION
TAKE HOME MESSAGES
CHAPTER 7:
Autoimmune Movement Disorders
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL APPROACH TO MOVEMENT DISORDERS
AUTOIMMUNE MOVEMENT DISORDERS
Parainfectious Autoimmune Movement Disorders
Sydenham's Chorea
Autoimmune Basal Ganglia Encephalitis
Paraneoplastic and Idiopathic Autoimmune Movement Disorders
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor Encephalitis
Opsoclonus-Myoclonus Syndrome
Stiff Person Syndrome
Paraneoplastic Chorea and Dystonia
Paraneoplastic Parkinsonism
Movement Disorders Associated with Systemic Autoimmune Disorders
DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH
CONCLUSION
TAKE HOME MESSAGES
CHAPTER 8:
Autoimmune Cerebellar Ataxias
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
PATHOGENESIS
CLASSIFICATION
Autoimmunity Targeting Mainly the Cerebellum or Related Structures
Cerebellar Autoimmunity Triggered by another Disease or Condition
Cerebellar Autoimmunity Not Triggered by another Disease or Condition
Autoimmunity That Targets Various Parts of the Central Nervous System Simultaneously
Gluten Ataxia
Acute Cerebellitis
Cerebellar-like Ataxia in Miller Fisher Syndrome and Related Conditions
Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degenerations
Cerebellar Ataxia with Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase Autoantibodies
Cerebellar Type of Hashimoto's Encephalopathy
Primary Autoimmune Cerebellar Ataxia
Ataxia Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
CONCLUSION
TAKE HOME MESSAGES
CHAPTER 9:
Autoimmune Myelopathies
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL FEATURES OF MYELOPATHY
INDIVIDUAL AUTOIMMUNE MYELOPATHIES: CLINICAL FEATURES, COURSE AND INVESTIGATIONS
Neuromyelitis Optica or Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders
Postinfectious and Postimmunization Myelopathies
Paraneoplastic Myelopathies
Myelitis due to Multiple Sclerosis
Myelopathy in Sarcoidosis
Autoimmune Myelopathies with Other Autoimmune Disorders
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
TREATMENT
CONCLUSION
TAKE HOME MESSAGEs
CHAPTER 10:
Immune-mediated Neuropathies
INTRODUCTION
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF IMMUNE-MEDIATED NEUROPATHIES
Guillain–Barré Syndrome
Pathogenesis
Clinical Features
Laboratory Diagnosis
Treatment
Chronic Immune-mediated Polyneuropathies
Chronic Immune-mediated Demyelinating Polyneuropathies
Neuropathy with Systemic Vasculitis
Paraneoplastic Neuropathies
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 11:
Autoimmune Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction
INTRODUCTION
NORMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANTIGENIC TARGETS
Presyaptic Antibodies
Voltage-gated Calcium Channels—Lambert–Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
Anti-SOX-1 Antibodies
Postsynaptic Antibodies
Anti-AChR Antibodies-Myasthenia Gravis
Anti-MuSK Antibodies
Double-seronegative Myasthenia Gravis
Antibodies to Nonacetylcholine Receptor Neuromuscular Junction Proteins
Autoantibodies Directed Against Nonacetylcholine Receptor Skeletal Muscle Proteins
CONCLUSION
TAKE HOME MESSAGES
CHAPTER 12:
Autoimmune Myopathy
INTRODUCTION
DERMATOMYOSITIS
Clinical Features
Pathogenesis
Antibodies in Dermatomyositis
Diagnosis
Blood Investigations
Imaging
Electromyography
Histopathology
NECROTISING AUTOIMMUNE MYOPATHY
Pathophysiology
Clinical Presentation
Clinical Criteria from the 119th European Neuromuscular Centre International Workshop on Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies
OVERLAP MYOSITIS
ANTISYNTHETASE SYNDROME
INCLUSION BODY MYOSITIS
Diagnosis
POLYMYOSITIS
TREATMENT
CONCLUSION
TAKE HOME MESSAGES
CHAPTER 13:
Immunotherapy
INTRODUCTION
IMMUNOMODULATORY THERAPY
GLUCOCORTICOIDS
PLASMA EXCHANGE
INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULIN
CYTOTOXIC THERAPIES
Azathioprine
Mycophenolate Mofetil
Methotrexate
Cyclosporine
Cyclophosphamide
Mitoxantrone
INTERFERON
Interferon Beta
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES
Natalizumab
Rituximab
Other Monoclonal Antibodies
MISCELLANEOUS IMMUNOMODULATORY THERAPY
CONCLUSION
TAKE HOME MESSAGES
INDEX
TOC
Index
×
Chapter Notes
Save
Clear
