Textbook of Psychology and Sociology for GNM Students Navdeep Bansal, Rekha Rani Nar
INDEX
Page numbers followed by f refer to figure and t refer to table.
A
Abuse
cycle of 182
types of 181
Alcohol drinkers, classification of 177
Alcoholics, treatment of 178
Alcoholism 176, 177
causes of 177
Alexander's Pass Along Intelligence Test 89
All India Blind Relief Society 190
All India Women Conference 190
Anesthesia 73
Anger 37
Anthropology 100
Anticipatory socialization 111
Anxiety 15
disorders 20
Army Alpha Test 88
Association, law of 54
Asthesiometric test 87
Attention
involuntary 67
types of 67
voluntary 67
Attitude 42, 45
change in 45
components of 42, 42f
development of 44
on behaviour, effects of 43
B
Basic human needs 10
Behavior
component 42
dynamics of 12
external 12
internal 12
therapy 174
unconscious 21
Behavioral problems 176
Belongingness, sense of 195
Bharat Sevak Samaj 189
Bhatia's battery of intelligence test 88
Binet-Simon intelligence test 88
Birth, criterion of 157
Blind 180
Blood
bank and first aid 188
purity of 160
Body and mind relation 12
Boils 103, 104
Budget, categories of 207
C
Cahalan's classification of alcohol drinkers 177t
Caste 161t
endogamy 131
system 162
characteristics of 159
demerits of 161
merits of 160
Cattell's Culture Fair Intelligence Test 88
Central Social Welfare Board 189
Character, habits of 47
Child abuse 182
causes of 184
effects of 184
signs of 183
Child guidance clinics, establishment of 173
Class 161t
Communicable diseases 180
Communication, source of 45
Community 194
characteristics of 194
functions of 195
socioculture and economic aspect of 103
Complex 31
Conflict 27
and nursing 31
approach-approach 28, 28f, 29, 29f
avoidance-avoidance 28, 29f
endopsychic 31
multiple approach- avoidance 29, 30f
types of 27
unconscious 30
Congenital defects 180
Consolidation failure 59
Control
external expression 40
human behavior 110
Creative thinking 63
Crime 165, 205
causes of 166
definition of 165
prevention of 167
Criticism 96
Cultural
and educational rights 115
beliefs on health, effect of 197
Culture 195
characteristics of 196
functions of 196
towards
group, functions of 197
individual, functions of 197
D
Deaf and mute 180
Dearborn Group Test Series 88
Delinquency, types of 172
Demonstration 188
Depression 15, 26
Detoxification 178
Diabetes 128
risk of 133
Disasters 187
Distress 25
Divorce 124, 167
causes of 168
petition, types of 167
with mutual consent 167
without mutual consent 167
Dowry
causes of 169
eradication of 170
system 169
legal implications of 170
Drinking, causes of 177
Drug addiction 174
causes of 175
effects of 175
environmental causes of 175
genetic causes of 175
psychological causes of 175
treatment of 176
E
Eating habits and exercise 6
Ecological problems 205
Economic 99, 128
deprivation 23
independence 168
institutions 141
pursuits 160
Economy 200
Education 123, 155, 187, 188, 205
criterion of 158
Ego 8
Emotional
abuse 183
bonding 123
expression 37
habits 47
reactions 37, 38
situations 36
states 70
Emotions 36
and nursing 40
control of 39, 41
importance of 39
parts of 37
Encoding 57
failure 59
Endogamy 130, 131
Environment 14, 87
cultural 112
factors 21
natural 112
on individuals, effect of 112
situations 22
Evil eye 103
Exercise, law of 54
Exogamy 131
F
Family 116, 119
and relationship problems
reasons of 125
signs of 124
basic needs of 122
budget 206
concept of 116
conflict 26
functions of 123
joint 117, 118
life cycle 121
life education 126
matriarchal 117
matrilineal 119
matrilocal 119
modern 140
monogamous 119
nuclear 117, 118
patriarchal 117
patrilineal 119
patrilocal 119
planning 205
association of India 190
polyandrous 119
polygamous 119
problems 123
different kinds of 123
relationship 125
restructure 168
role of 140, 178
therapy 174
types of 117
Fear 36
Finance 187
Financial
abuse 181
security 123
Finger painting 173
Folic acid 128
Folkways 154
Food and Agriculture Organization 191
Food
habits 104
supply 204
Forgetting 59
causes of 59
major cause of 60
motivated 60
Frustration 22, 26
external 22
identify source of 24
internal 23
nature of 23
sources of 22
types of 22
Fuel and energy problems 205
G
Gotra exogamy 131
Government agencies, guarding work of 188
Group
antisocial 144
behavior 147
congregate 144
cycle 146
dynamics 143
genetic 144
intelligence tests 88
morale 147
norms 143
pro-social 144
pseudosocial 144
structure 146
unsocial 144
Grouping, Gestalt principles of 70
Growth 107
H
Habits 47
formation 48
advantage of 49
disadvantages of 49
intellectual 47
types of 47
Habitual drinkers, features of 178
Hallucination 73
Handicapped 179
concept of 179
orthopedically 180
types of 180
Headaches 26
Health
and child mortality 187
care and education 205
legislation, advancing 188
problems 175
Healthy community, characteristics of 195
Heart disease 6
risk of 133
Heat stroke 103
Heredity 13, 77, 87
Heritage, cultural 160
Hindu Kust Nivaran Sangh 189
HIV/AIDS 132
Homogeneity 194
Housing 104
problems 204
Human
behaviour, psychology of 10
excreta, disposal of 104
growth and development 107
review of 108
Humor, develop sense of 40
Hyperesthesia 73
Hypertension 128
I
Id 8
Income per capita 206
Indian Council for Child Welfare 189
Indian Red Cross Society 188
Individual intelligence tests 88
Individual's mind, study of 3
Informal social control 140
Injuries 175
Inkblot test 81
Insecurity 21
Insomnia 26
Integrated system 196
Intelligence 55, 85
measurement of 87
nature of 85
Intelligent behaviour, development of 90
Intensity 68
Interests 69, 83
Interference 60
International Health Agencies 190
International Labour Organization 192
IQ test 89
Irregular income, budgeting for 207
J
Jalota's group intelligence test 88
Juvenile delinquency 170
causes of 171
characteristics of 172
prevention of 173
K
Kasturba Memorial Fund 190
L
Labor
denies mobility of 161
minimal division of 139
Landownership, forms of 139
Law 112, 155
Learning 52, 56, 57
laws of 54
materials, association of 56
nature of 52
observational 44
types of 56
Legislative
measures 164
methods 182
Life, positive philosophy of 40
M
Making decisions, opportunities of 84
Maladjustment 20
causes of 21
forms of 20
Malnutrition 180
Marriage
definition of 129
endogamous 131
exogamous 131
expenses 168
group 130
life education 127
medical and social aspects of 132
types of 129
Maslow's hierarchy of human needs 10, 11f
Mass media 112
Maternal and Child Welfare Services 188
Maturation, law of 54
Meditation 26
Memory 57
immediate 58
long-term 59
misplaced 61
process of 57, 58
sensory 58
short-term 58
types of 58
working 58
Mental
ability 90
age 89
concentration, loss of 26
factors 78
health 14, 55
process 3
set or expectancy 70
Mentally healthy person, characteristics of 14
Migraine 26
Mind
conscious 7
structure of 7, 7f
subconscious 7
unconscious 8
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 80
Monism 12
Monogamy 129
Mores 154
Moss's medical aptitude and nursing aptitude tests 91
Mother and child health 105
Motivation 16, 17, 55
and coordination 159
and nurse 20
concept of 17, 17f
extrinsic 17
intrinsic 16
Motives 17, 69
biological 18
classification of 17
personal 19
physiological 18
unconscious 20
Multiple learning, law of 54
Muscle relaxation 26
N
Needs
creative 123
emotional 122
intellectual 122
physical 122
physiological 10
safety and security 11
self-actualization 11
self-esteem 11
social 122
spiritual 122
Nervous system, disorders of 14
Non-verbal intelligence tests 88
O
Obesity 128
Observation 65, 73
Obsessive-compulsive disorders 21
Occupation, criterion of 158
Occupational
institutions 112
structure 139
subculture 141
Oral hygiene 105
Organic motives 18
P
Paresthesia 73
Past sins 103
People IQ, classification of 86t
Personal deficiencies, realization of 23
Personality 76
assessment of 80
asthenic 77
athletic 77
ectomorphic 77
elements of 8
endomorphic 76
extroverts 77
factors affecting development of 77
introverts 77
mesomorphic 76
pyknic 77
tests 80
types of 76
Phenomenalism 12
Phobia disorders 20
Physical
abuse 182, 183
and mental disability 180
health and physique 87
Plan study schedule 61
Planned parenthood 127
barriers in 128
Play therapy 173
Pocket money 207
Political and social exclusion 187
Polity, criterion of 158
Polyandry 130
Polygamy 130
Population
control 205
exclusion, causes of 204
explosion 204
Positive attitude towards self 14
Post-traumatic stress disorder 15
Poverty 166, 205
Power tests 88
Practice, law of 54
Pravara exogamy 131
Premarriage education 126
Pre-pregnancy care, aspects of 128
Primary group 144, 145, 145t
functions of 145
Projective tests 80
Promote positive feelings 41
Propaganda 173
Prostitution 163
causes of 163
control of 164
effects of 163
prevention of 164
Proximity 71
Psychodrama 174
Psychological
abuse 181
factors 78, 151
problems 15
techniques 173
Psychology 3, 5, 99, 102, 103
and nursing 5
applied 5
clinical and counseling 4
cognitive 5
cultural 5
developmental 4
general 4
physiological and comparative 4
scope of 4
social 5
study of 6
with relation to nursing 3
Psychosexual development theory, Eriksons stages of 109t
R
Random access memory 8
Raven's advance progressive matrices 88, 89
Recreational agencies, establishment of 173
Regression 33
Rehabilitation 174
measures 181
Religion 154
importance of 138
right to freedom of 115
Repression 31, 35
Responsibility, sense of 15
Retrieval failure 61
Retroactive interference 60
Right against exploitation 115
Rights of individual 114
Rorschach inkblot test 81
S
Scabies 103, 104
Seashore test of musical talent 91
Secondary groups 145, 145t
functions of 145
Selection, law of 54
Self-confidence 84
Self-control 15
Sensation 66
Sensory
abnormalities 14
perception 73
receptors 66
Sentiments 43
Serial monogamy 129
Sex education 132
Sexual abuse 182, 183
Sexual dysfunctions, effects of 132
Sexuality dysfunctions 16
Sexually transmitted diseases 128, 132
Simen-Binet Intelligence Test 88
Skin diseases 103, 104
Slums 185
causes of 186
characteristics of 186
problems of 186
Smoking 105, 128
Social
abuse 181
agencies 187
caste 159
change 148150
causes of 150
nature of 149
class 157
control 151
characteristics of 151
means of 153
need of 152
environment 112
group 142
characteristics of 143
types of 143
influence 151
measures 182
mobility 141
motives 18
problems 162
characteristics of 162
security 202
stratification 156
characteristics of 156
suggestions 153
Socialization 110
agencies of 111
features of 110
process 110
types of 111
Society 135
characteristics of 136
definition of 135
types of 137
Sociology 97101
concept of 95
in nursing, importance of 102
nature of 97
scope of 96
study of 102
Speech impaired 180
Speed tests 88
Stanford-Binet intelligence scale 89
Stenguist mechanical aptitude test 91
Stimulus
location of 68
nature of 68
Stress 21, 24, 26
and nursing 27
levels of 25
signs of 26
stages of 25
symptoms of 26
Stressful marriage, negative medical and social aspects of 133
Stressors
external 25
internal 25
Study content, organization of 61
Sub-caste endogamy 131
Substance abuse 26
Successful marriage, positive medical and social aspects of 132
Suicidal thoughts 15
Superego 9
Suppression 35
T
Taboo, breach of 103
Thematic apperception test 80
Thinking 13, 61, 62
and nursing 65
concrete 63
involves physiological reactions 62
logical 63
nature of 62
perceptual 63
reasoning 63
types of 62
Thirst drive 18
Togetherness, sense of 195
Trade union and orphanage 160
Tribal endogamy 131
Tribal society 138
main characteristics of 138
Tuberculosis Association of India 189
U
Unemployment 166, 205
UNICEF 191
United Nations Development Programme 191
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization 192
Unity, sense of 138
V
Varna endogamy 131
Verbal intelligence tests 88
Village
community system 139
exogamy 132
Voluntary agencies, functions of 188
Voluntary Health Agencies in India 188
W
Water 103
disposal of 104
supply 104, 204
Weakened immune system 133
Wealth, criterion of 157
Wechsler intelligence test 88, 89
Whether, effects of 103
Will, process of 82
Woman abuse 181
World Health Organization 190
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Textbook of Psychology and Sociology for GNM Students
Textbook of Psychology and Sociology for GNM Students
(As per INC Syllabus)
Second Edition Navdeep Bansal PhD Scholar Ex-Lecturer (Mental Health Nursing) Shri Guru Harkrishan Sahib College of Nursing Mohali, Punjab, India Rekha Rani Nar PhD Scholar Ex-Lecturer (Medical-Surgical Nursing) Silver Oaks College of Nursing Mohali, Punjab, India Forewords Kawaljit Gill Kanta Devi
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.
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Inquiries for bulk sales may be solicited at: jaypee@jaypeebrothers.com
Textbook of Psychology and Sociology for GNM Students
First Edition: 2012
Second Edition: 2018
9789352703784
Printed at
Our loving son
and all nursing students
Foreword
It was a great honor to be asked by Mr Navdeep Bansal to write a foreword for Textbook of Psychology and Sociology. He is undertaking PhD under my guidance and we have kept in contact since then. When he told me about the revised edition of this book, I knew that he would make a good job of it, but I had no idea of the scope and depth of book until I have read the draft.
This book provides the nursing students with the best information regarding concept of mental health, psychology of human behavior and various other relevant topics. Moreover, this book provides enough information regarding family as social unit and explain well about utilization of knowledge and understanding of sociology and psychology in nursing practice.
I strongly recommend this book for GNM students so that they can understand range of sociological and psychological issues in order to provide holistic care. The language used in this book is extremely simple and easy to understand. This book explores sociology and psychology relevant to nursing and explains why it is so important to understand these disciplines in order to become good nurse.
Kawaljit Gill
PhD Research Guide
Desh Bhagat University
Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India
Foreword
It is indeed with a great sense of pleasure and privilege that I write this foreword to the second edition of Textbook of Psychology and Sociology for GNM Students by Mr Navdeep Bansal and Ms Rekha Rani Nar. The authors are dedicated teachers in these subjects.
The book is written simply and covers latest syllabus of Psychology and Sociology of General Nursing. It will however, be very useful for all categories of nursing students of the basic and post certificate courses. The students can easily assimilate the logical sequence in which the subjects have been presented not only for them to understand the same but also to perform well in examination.
I am sure this book would prove to be a boon for students of nursing in general and particularly students of GNM whom it has been primarily written.
Kanta Devi (Ex-Registrar)
Punjab Nurses Registration Council
Punjab, India
Preface to the Second Edition
Nursing practice needs to be informed by understanding of people and the societies in which we live. Psychology and sociology, and its applications are key components of the core foundation program in nursing and health care.
This second edition is framed around the current concepts and social problems of the society. In this edition, we have tried to combine sociological and psychological insights with nursing knowledge to present a psychosocial perspective which is innovative and directly contemporary in practice. In its approach to human understanding, this book is a valuable resource to one involved in a helping relationship—as a helper or as a client.
This edition provides coverage of topics those are included in nursing curriculum prescribed by INC syllabus. The text is divided into two sections: Psychology and Sociology. The psychology section includes—psychology with relation to nursing, structure of the mind, psychology of human behavior, learning, personality and intelligence. Sociology section covers—sociology with relation to nursing, individual, family, society, community and economy. We have added some exercises to assist the learning process of students. Students will find this is a very readable text which covers the ground they need to know in a thought-provoking way.
Navdeep Bansal
Rekha Rani Nar
Preface to the First Edition
Nursing practice needs to be informed by understanding of people and the societies in which they live. Psychology and Sociology and its applications are key components of the core foundation program in nursing and healthcare.
This book is designed to provide a systematic introduction to psychology and sociology for nursing students. This text will enhance knowledge of GNM students to understand psychology and sociology and apply this understanding in clinical area in more effective manner. In its approach to human understanding, this book is a valuable resource to one involved in a helping relationship, as a helper or as a client.
This book provides coverage of topics those are included in nursing curriculum prescribed by INC. The text is divided into two key sections: Psychology and Sociology. The psychology section includes six chapters describing psychology of human behavior, learning, observations, intelligence and personality. Sociology section also covers six chapters that comprise the individual, family, society, community and economy. We have added some exercise to assist the learning process of students. Several topics that are rarely dealt within existing books, such as planned parenthood, social security, budgeting for a family, etc. have also been covered in detail. Students will find this a very readable text which covers the ground they need to know in a thought provoking way.
Navdeep Bansal
Rekha Rani Nar
Acknowledgments
No one walks alone on the journey of life, just where do you start to thank those, who joined you, walked beside you and helped you along the way continuously urged me to write a book, to put my thoughts down on over the year, those that have met and share my insights together with the secrets to my continual, positive approach to life and that life throws at us.
Writing a book requires support, interest and constructive criticism from friends, family members and colleagues who inspired me and subconsciously contributed a tremendous amount to the content of this book.
I would like to express my gratitude to all nursing students who have read the first edition and made it successful, and special thanks to all those who provided support, talked things over, read, wrote, offered comments, allowed me to review it and make it possible to write revised edition of this textbook.
I am immensely thankful to my beloved teacher and eminent mentor Ms Kanta Devi (Ex-Registrar), Punjab Nurses Registration Council for encouragement and constant moral support.
I especially thanks Dr Kawaljit Gill my PhD guide for her strong support. My sincere gratitude to Ms Ranjeeta R Mann (MD), Shri Guru Harkrishan Sahib College of Nursing, who help me to grow personally as well as professionally. I also thanks Dr Jyoti Sarien the inspiring personality in the field of nursing. It is my bound duty to express at the outset my heartiest gratitude to my parents for endless love and support. Above all I want to thank my wife and co-author Rekha Rani Nar who is always helping me and share the difficult times with me. My sincere thanks to M/S Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, who made it possible to publish the book.
INC Syllabus
BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Placement: First Year
Time: 60 Hours
Psychology: 40 hours
Sociology: 20 hours
PSYCHOLOGY
Course Description
This course is designed to help students understand the dynamics of human behavior and concept of mental health. This shall enable them to develop positive attitude and good interpersonal relationships in the practice of nursing in all health care settings.
General Objectives
Upon completion of the course, the students shall be able to:
Total Hours: 40
Unit No.
Learning Objectives
Content
Hr
Teaching learning activities
Assessment methods
Ch
I
State the concept, scope and importance of psych-ology.
Introduction
  • Definition, nature and scope of psychology
  • Importance of psychology for Nurses
2
Lecture cum discussion
Short answer
Objective type
1
II
Describe the structure of the mind.
Structure of the mind
  • Conscious, preconscious
  • Id, ego and superego
2
Lecture cum discussions
Short answer Objective type
2
III
Illustrate the dynamics of human behavior. Describe the concept of mental health
Psychology of Human Behavior
  • Basic human needs, dynamics of behavior, motivation drives
  • Body mind relationship, mental health, characteristics of mentally healthy person, emotional control, psychological problems of patients and relatives
  • Stress and conflicts, natural sources and types of stress and conflicts, dealing with stress and conflict, frustration-sources and overcoming frustration
  • Mental mechanism their uses and importance
  • Attitudes-meaning, development changes in attitude, effects of attitudes on behavior, importance of positive attitude for the nurse.
  • Habits-meaning and formation.
  • Breaking of bad habits, importance of good habit formation for the nurse.
12
Lecture cum discussions
Role play
Short answer
Objective type
Essay type
3
IV
Describe and apply the process of learning, thinking, reasoning, observation and perception
Learning
  • Nature, types and laws of learning
  • Factors affecting learning, memory and forgetting.
Thinking and Reasoning
  • Nature and types of thinking, reasoning, problem solving, importance of creative thinking for nurse.
Observation and Perception
  • Attention, perception, laws of perception, factors affecting attention and perception, and errors in perception
13
Lecture cum discussions
Role play
Short answer
Objective type
Essay type
4
V
Discuss the concept and development of personality
Personality
  • Meaning, nature and development, types of personality
  • Assessment of personality importance of knowledge of personality for the nurse
  • Characteristics of various age groups–child adolescent, adult and aged
  • Will and character
6
Lecture cum discussions
Role play
Psychometric assessment
Short answer
Objective type
Essay type
5
VI
Discuss the nature and measurement of intelligence
Intelligence
  • Definition, meaning, individual differences in intelligence
  • Mental ability, nature of intelligence and development
  • Assessment of intelligence
5
Lecture cum discussions
Demonstration
Role play
IQ testing
Short answer
Objective type
Essay type
6
SOCIOLOGY
Course Description
This course is designed to help students gain an understanding of sociology in the context of its relevance to nursing practice.
General Objectives
Upon completion of the course, the students shall be able to:
Total Hours: 20
Unit No.
Learning
Objectives
Content
Hr
Teaching learning activities
Assessment methods
Ch
I
Describe the nature, scope and content of sociology and its importance in nursing
Introduction
  • Definition and scope of sociology
  • Its relationship with other social sciences
  • Uses of sociology for nurses
2
Lecture cum discussions
Short answer
Objective type
7
II
Describe the influence of the environment on individual development and the rights and responsibilities of the individual in the society
Individual
  • Review of human growth and development
  • The socialization process
  • Effect of environment on human growth and development
  • Rights and responsibilities of the individual in a democratic society
2
Lecture cum discussions
Short answer
Objective type
Essay type
8
III
Describe the concept of family as a social unit
The Family
  • Definition, characteristics and types of family
  • Family cycle and basic needs of family
  • Importance of interdependence of family members
  • Important functions of family and their problems
  • Types of marriage, medical and sociology aspects of marriage
4
Lecture cum discussions
Short answer
Objective type
Essay type
9
IV
Describe about social groups, social change, control, social problems
Society
  • Definition and meaning.
  • Social groups-types, structure, intergroup relationship group cycle, group behavior and group morale.
  • Social change-meaning, factors affecting and effect on society and institution leading to social problems.
  • Social control
  • Social problems-prostitution, crime, divorce, dowry system, juvenile delinquency, drug addiction alcoholism, handicapped, overpopulation and slum
  • Social agencies and remedial measures
8
Lecture cum discussions
Visits to social institutions
Short answer
Objective type
Essay type
10
V
Describe the culture and characteristics of community
The Community
  • Community
    • Definition and types
    • Rural and urban
  • Culture and characteristics
4
Lecture cum discussions
Short answer
Objective type
Essay type
11