Donald School Textbook of TRANSVAGINAL SONOGRAPHY
Donald School Textbook of TRANSVAGINAL SONOGRAPHY
Third Edition
Editors
Asim Kurjak MD PhD
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical School University of Zagreb Zagreb, Croatia
José Bajo Arenas MD PhD
Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology Autónoma University of Madrid Madrid, Spain
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Donald School Textbook of Transvaginal Sonography
First Edition: 2005
Second Edition: 2013
Third Edition: 2019
9789352701971
Printed at
Biserka, Igor and Alan
Asim Kurjak
Marinita and Juan
José Bajo Arenas
- Alenka Aksamija
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Medical School University of Zagreb
- Sveti Duh Hospital
- Zagreb, Croatia
- Muna T Al-Abdulla
- Al-Amal Maternity Hospital
- Amman, Jordan
- Omar A Al-Omari
- Al-Amal Matenity Hospital
- Amman, Jordan
- M Alvarez de la Rosa
- Unit of Ultrasound and Fetal Medicine
- University Hospital of Canary Islands
- University of La Laguna
- Sta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Wiku Andonotopo
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Sub-Division
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Faculty of Medicine
- University of Indonesia
- Tangerang General Hospital
- Banten, Indonesia
- Aris Antsaklis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Fetal Medicine Unit
- National and Kapodistrian
- University of Athens
- Athens, Greece
- Panagiotis Antsaklis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and
- Gynecology
- Fetal Medicine Unit
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Athens, Greece
- Sushila Arya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Paul L Foster School of Medicine
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences
- El Paso, Texas, USA
- Guillermo Azumendi Pérez
- Clinica Gutenberg
- Malaga, Spain
- Kazunori Baba
- Center for Maternal,
- Fetal and Neonatal Medicine
- Saitama Medical Center
- Saitama Medical University
- Saitama, Japan
- Jos é Bajo Arenas MD PhD
- Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Autonoma University of Madrid
- Madrid, Spain
- Maria J Barco
- Gynecologic Center Bolonia
- Zaragoza, Spain
- Santiago Bau
- Gynecologic Center Bolonia
- Zaragoza, Spain
- Zoran Belics
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Ferenc Jahn Teaching Hospital
- Budapest, Hungary
- Branko Breyer
- Breyer Laboratory
- Zagreb, Croatia
- Raydeen Busse
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health
- John A Burns School of Medicine
- University of Hawaii at Manoa
- Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- Matilde Teresa Clavijo
- Unit of Ultrasound and Fetal Medicine
- University Hospital of Canary Islands
- University of La Laguna
- Sta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Carmina Comas
- Obstetric Service
- Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol
- Institut Catala de la Salut
- Badalona, Spain
- George Daskalakis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and
- Gynecology
- Fetal Medicine Unit
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
- Athens, Greece
- Deepika Deka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- All India Instiute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi, India
- Mercedes Febles
- Unit of Ultrasound and Fetal Medicine
- University Hospital of Canary Islands
- University of La Laguna
- Sta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Biserka Funduk Kurjak
- Professor of Obstetrics and
- Gynecology (retired)
- Medical School University of Zagreb
- Zagreb, Croatia
- Ulrich Honemeyer
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Fetal-Maternal Medicine
- Alzahra Hospital
- Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Takashi Ito MD PhD
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Hakuai Hospital
- Yonago, Japan
- Ashok Khurana
- The Ultrasound Lab
- New Delhi, India
- PE Kihaile
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Tottori University Medical School
- Yonago, Japan
- Fuminori Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Shiga University of Medical Science
- Shiga, Japan
- Sanja Kupesic-Plavsic
- Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Center for Advanced Teaching and
- Assessment in Clinical Simulation (ATACS)
- Paul L Foster School of Medicine
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences
- El Paso, Texas, USA
- Asim Kurjak MD PhD
- Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Medical School University of Zagreb
- Zagreb, Croatia
- Maria Larrazaleta
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Paul L Foster School of Medicine
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences
- El Paso, Texas, USA
- Kazuo Maeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Emeritus)
- Tottori University Medical School
- Yonago, Japan
- Narendra Malhotra
- Malhotra Nursing and Maternity Home Pvt. Ltd.
- Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Luis Martínez-Cortés
- Ultrasound Division and Fetal Medicine
- University Hospital of Getafe
- Madrid, Spain
- María Martinez-Moya
- Puerta de Hierro University Hospital
- Madrid, Spain
- Ingrid Martínez-Wallin
- Unit of Ultrasound and Fetal Medicine
- University Hospital of Canary Islands
- University of La Laguna
- Sta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Anita Matai MD
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi, India
- Luis T Merce†
- (Deceased)
- Armando Molina Betancor
- Unit of Ultrasound and Fetal Medicine
- University Hospital of Canary Islands
- University of La Laguna
- Sta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Takashi Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Shiga University of Medical Science
- Shiga, Japan
- CB Nagori
- Dr Nagori's Institute for Infertility and IVF
- Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Sandor Nagy
- Associate professor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Aladár Petz County Teaching Hospital
- Gyór, Hungary
- Tomoko Ogura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Taijukao-Kaisei General Hospital
- Kagawa, Japan
- Kunihiro Okamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
- Tohoku, Japan
- Ana Isabel Padilla
- Unit of Ultrasound and Fetal Medicine
- University Hospital of Canary Islands
- University of La Laguna
- Sta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Sonal Panchal
- Dr Nagori's Institute for Infertility and IVF
- Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
- Zoltan Papp
- Maternity Private Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Semmelweis University
- Budapest, Hungary
- Ma Angela Pascual
- Gynecological Ultrasound Unit
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Institut Universitari Dexeus
- Barcelona, Spain
- Tirso Perez-Medina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Puerta de Hierro University Hospital
- Madrid, Spain
- María Platero-Mihi
- Puerta de Hierro University Hospital
- Madrid, Spain
- KyongHon Pooh
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Kagawa National Children's Hospital
- Zentsuji, Japan
- Ritsuko K Pooh
- CRIFM Clinical Research Institute of
- Fetal Medicine PMC
- Osaka, Japan
- Selma Porovic
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry
- Public Health Center of the Sarajevo Canton
- Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Pilar Prats
- CGO Centre Ginecològic i Obstètric
- Mataró, Spain
- Matija Prka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Medical School University of Zagreb
- Sveti Duh Hospital
- Zagreb, Croatia
- Rosa Sabatel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- University of Granada
- Granada, Spain
- Maher G Sarraf
- Department of Ultrasound and
- Fetal Well-Being
- Al-Amal Maternity Hospital
- Amman, Jordan
- Cihat Sen
- Department of Perinatal Medicine
- University of Istanbul
- Cerrahpasa Medical School
- Perinatal Medicine Foundation
- Istanbul, Turkey
- Lucía Serrano-Gonzalez
- Puerta de Hierro University Hospital
- Madrid, Spain
- Mariko Serizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Hamamatsu Medical Center
- Hamamatsu, Japan
- Kuldeep Singh
- Dr Kuldeep's Ultrasound and
- Color Doppler Clinic
- New Delhi, India
- A Souka
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and
- Gynecology
- University of Athens
- Athens, Greece
- Juan Mario Troyano
- Unit of Ultrasound and Fetal Medicine
- University Hospital of Canary Islands
- University of La Laguna
- Sta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Shunichiro Tsuji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Shiga University of Medical Science
- Shiga, Japan
- Masaji Utsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Seirei Mikatahara Hospital
- Hamamatsu, Japan
- Vaneesha Vallabh-Patel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Paul L Foster School of Medicine
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences
- El Paso, Texas, USA
- Gino Varga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Medical School University of Zagreb
- Sveti Duh Hospital
- Zagreb, Croatia
- Nobuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Seirei Mikatahara Hospital
- Hamamatsu, Japan
- Ivica Zalud
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health
- John A Burns School of Medicine
- University of Hawaii at Manoa
- Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
In recent years, there have been dramatic technical advances in diagnostic ultrasound. The advent of color Doppler, power Doppler and, more recently, three-dimensional imaging has very dramatically developed into a revolution of new ways of doing and seeing things. These developments now occur at such a rapid pace that unless we keep up with the developing technology, we will inevitably and inexorably fall behind. In order to stay with the leading edge of diagnostic ultrasound, one has to keep pace with what colleagues are doing around the world. This book, written by the lecturers of the Ian Donald Inter-University School of Medical Ultrasound, represents the current knowledge on one of the newest achievements in obstetric and gynecologic ultrasonography, transvaginal sonography.
In recent years, the sophisticated ultrasound imaging technique of transvaginal ultrasound has become available for both obstetricians and gynecologists. Today, many types of transvaginal probe exist which are designed with adequate shape and high frequency of ultrasound, such as 5.0, 6.0, 6.5 or 7.5 MHz. Accordingly high quality of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images of the uterus, ovaries or the early conceptus in the uterus can be obtained through the vaginal fornix, even though with some limitations like a narrow view field of the image.
The most exciting recent developments are color Doppler and transvaginal sonography. The combination of these two modalities in the same vaginal probe provides for superb simultaneous visualization of structural and flow information and offers new insight into dynamic studies of blood flow within the female pelvis. Most of these exciting developments are illustrated in this book.
The authors contributing to Donald School Textbook of Transvaginal Sonography have all been selected for their special expertise in their own chosen fields, their access to outstanding visual material and their ability to explain the significance of it in an effective and lucid way. Finally, particular emphasis is being placed on achieving a very high quality reproduction in the printing process itself in order to do full justice to the wide variety of visual images presented.
The textbook contains more than 600 original (black & white and color) ultrasound pictures, as well as diagrams and photographs of babies after delivery. The book is divided into 5 sections with total of 41 chapters covering General Aspects, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Infertility, Doppler Sonography, and 3D and 4D Transvaginal Sonography. This major new work in ultrasound diagnosis also comprises an outstanding collection of images produced by the most sophisticated techniques and equipment currently available. We do believe that this book will be of great value to gynecologists, obstetricians and specialists in infertility as well as to diagnostic radiologists.
We are grateful to all contributors, to the publisher and to secretary Mrs Jadranka Cerovec with whom we have worked so pleasantly.
Asim Kurjak
José Bajo Arenas
Acknowledgments
We especially appreciate the constant support and encouragement of Mr Jitendar P Vij (Group Chairman) and Mr Ankit Vij (Group President) of Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi, India in publishing this textbook and also their associates particularly Ms Chetna Malhotra Vohra (Associate Director—Content Strategy) and Ms Kritika Dua (Development Editor) who have been prompt, efficient and most helpful.