Drug Formulary Mathew George, Lincy Joseph, Sujith K
INDEX
A
Abciximab 180, 478
Abdominal pain, severe 464
Abiraterone acetate 530
Abscess 17
Acamprosate 377
Acarbose 112, 562
Acebrophylline 584
Acenocoumarol 223
Acetaminophen 173, 553
Acetazolamide 441, 478, 569, 580
Acetic acid 552
Acetylcysteine 326, 593
Acetylsalicylic acid 478, 517
Acid 573
Acitretin 422, 576
Acne 86
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome 117
Actinic keratosis 175
Acyclovir 224, 560
Adam-Stokes syndrome 35
Adapalene 415, 576
Addison's disease 353, 375, 410, 411, 437439
Adenosine 31, 566
Adrenaline 193, 239, 493, 562, 566
Agitation 388, 398
Agranulocytosis 184, 266
Airways disease, obstructive 137, 151, 165, 327
Alanine transaminase 229, 275
Albendazole 15, 559
Albumin 358
Albuminuria 229
Alcohol 124, 132, 182, 356, 363, 396
withdrawal syndrome 390
Alendronate 479, 517
sodium 305
Alfacalcidol 468, 587
Alfuzosin 591
Alginic acid 543
Allergic
and inflammatory disorder 403, 406
conditions 51, 122
conjunctivitis 51, 52
rhinitis 52
Allopurinol 36, 321, 479, 517, 555
Aloe vera 576, 577
Alopecia 96
Alprazolam 88, 368, 577
Alteplase 167, 479
Aluminum hydroxide 262, 480
Alzheimer's disease 348, 349, 350
Amantadine 225, 238, 581
Ambroxol 328, 540, 545, 546, 544, 550, 585
Amebic dysentery 17
Amikacin 58, 556
Amiloride 479
Aminocaproic acid 572
Aminoglutethimide 153, 268, 400
Aminoglycosides 60, 77, 345, 441, 556
Aminophylline 49, 152, 479
Amiodarone 27, 30, 76, 92, 518, 566
Amisulpride 377
Amitriptyline 371, 479, 578
Amlodipine 88, 141, 567, 569
Ammonium chloride 447
Amoxicillin 40, 59, 480, 518, 539, 540, 556, 557
Amphetamines 442
Amphotericin B 118, 411, 480, 560
Ampicillin 60, 301, 480, 517, 557
Anabolic agents 587
Anaerobic 17
Anaphylactoid reactions 401
Anaphylaxis 2, 92, 210
Anemia 111, 199, 435
Anesthetic 1, 356
agents 182
general 363
Angina pectoris 31
Angioedema 49
utricaria 39
Angiotensin
converting enzyme 8, 321
II antagonists 568
Ankylosing spondylitis 173, 175
Anorexia 106, 200, 350
nervosa 393
Anovulatory infertility 309
Antacids 480, 564
Anthelmintic 15
Antiamebics 17, 560
Antianginal drugs 21
Antiarrhythmics 29, 333
Antiarthritics 36
Antiasthmatics 41
Antibiotics 58, 556
Anticholinergic agent toxicity 343
Anticoagulants drugs 216
Anticonvulsant 94
Anti-D immunoglobulin 453
Antidiabetic drugs 108, 560
Antidiarrheal agents 115, 565
Antiepileptic drug 96
Antifungal drugs 117, 560
Antiglucoma drugs 573
Antigout drugs 555
Antihistamines 238
Antihistaminic drugs 121, 530
Antihypertensive drugs 136, 567
Anti-inflammatory
drugs 172
proteolytic enzymes 554
Antimalarial drugs 186
Antimigraine drugs 190
Antineoplastic agents 593
Antineoplastic drugs 196
Antiparkinson drugs 200, 201
Antiplatelet drugs 208
Antipsychotics, atypical 112
Antisnake venom 452
Antispasmodic drugs 212, 564
Anti-TB agents 560
Antitetanus immunoglobulin 453
Antithrombotic drugs 216
Antithyroid agents 587
Antivertigo drugs 581
Antiviral drugs 224
Anxiety 390, 394
disorders 370
Anxiolytic sedatives 124, 356, 363
Aplastic anemia 15, 184
Appetite, loss of 441
Arbutin 577
Aripiprazole 378, 579
Arrhythmia 35, 46, 165
Artemether 480
Arterial disease 289
high risk of 312
severe 314
Arterial spasms 35
Artesunate 186, 560
Arthralgia 96, 199
Ascariasis 15
Asenapine 580
Aspartate aminotransferase 275
Aspartate transaminase 229
Aspirin 32, 40, 180, 570, 571
Asthma 57, 129, 165, 174, 176, 328, 349, 350
acute severe 53
attack, acute 327
chronic 56
prophylaxis 51
Ataxia 106
Atenolol 142, 481, 569
Atomoxetine 398, 581
Atorvastatin 315, 481, 570
Atosiban acetate injection 523
Atracurium 336
besylate 562
Atropine 339, 562
Autoimmune diseases 320
Avobenzone 576, 577
Azathioprine 320, 481, 518
Azelastine 260
Azethioprine 556
Azithromycin 60, 482, 517, 539, 540, 544, 557, 591
Azole antifungals 152, 153, 232, 356, 395, 400
B
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine 455
Bacillus clausii 281
spore suspension 565
Bacitracin 429, 573, 574
Baclofen 332, 482, 518, 555
Bacterial infectious disease 58
Bacterial vaginosis 17
Bambuterol hydrochloride 48
Barbiturates 27, 107, 122, 124, 132, 304
Basal cell carcinoma 432
Basiliximab 556
Beclometasone 55, 542, 566, 573575, 585
Bedaquiline tablet 521
Bemiparin sodium 222
Benfotiamine 400, 588
Benzalkonium 574, 576
chloride 430, 574
Benzathine benzylpenicillin 482
Benzhexol 578
Benzocaine 573
Benzodiazepines 335
Benzoic acid 576
Benzthiazide 569
Benzydamine 573
Benzyl peroxide 576
Benzylpenicillin 557
Bepridil 27
Betadine surgical 577
Betahistine 131
dihydrochloride 581
Beta-lactams 559
Betamethasone 410, 572, 575, 576, 586
Bethanechol 447, 591
Bicalutamide 594
Biliary tract infection 73
Bisacodyl 323, 517, 565
Bisoprolol 169, 567
Bizarre behaviour 388
Bladder
drugs for 591
neck obstruction 129
Bleeding 176
Bleomycin 482
Bloating 464
Blood
count, complete 320
disorders 95, 98
dyscrasias 445
urea nitrogen 200, 229, 275
Bone metastases with solid tumors 198
Boric acid 259, 572
Bosentan 146, 268
Bradycardia 35
severe 151, 162
Bromelain 39, 40, 555
Bromhexine 326, 585, 586
Bromocriptine 482, 518
Bronchial asthma 151
Bronchitis, chronic 90, 328
Bronchoconstriction 432
Bronchospasm 39, 266
acute 53
severe 49
chronic 49
severe 54
Bronchospastic disease 11, 142, 169
Brucellosis 73
Budesonide 42, 482, 584
Buerger's disease 240
Bupivacaine 2, 482, 562
Bupropion 392, 399
Burn 1, 358
Busulfan 483
C
Cabergolin 202, 581, 587
Caffeine 29, 194, 538, 539, 544, 546552
Calamine 576
Calcitonin 250, 587
Calcitriol 229, 587
Calcium 283
acetate 589
carbonate 227, 588, 589
channel blocker 567
dobesilate 227, 566, 589
leucovorin 593
orotate 228
polystyrene 593
preparations 227, 588
renal calculus 36
salts 483
Cancer 36
pain 343
Capecitabine 593
Capreomycin 483
Carbamazepine 95, 152, 153, 268, 283, 300, 301, 304, 312, 394, 400, 422, 469, 470, 483, 518, 580
Carbidopa 581
Carbimazole 297, 587
Carbomer 260
Carboplatin 593
Carboprost 235, 591
Cardiac arrest 352
Cardiac conduction abnormalities 350
Cardiac disease 45, 50, 54, 127, 187, 195, 199, 228, 232, 257, 271, 358, 366, 371, 379, 444
severe 362
Cardiac drugs 566
Cardiac dysrhythmia 343
Cardiac failure, drugs for 239
Cardiac hypersensitivity reactions 213
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 239, 477
Cardiovascular disease 7, 46, 174, 176, 191, 202, 232, 247, 282, 298, 361, 405
severe 10
Cardiovascular system 566
Carvedilol 143, 567
Caspofungin 422, 560
Cat starch disease 243
Cataract, extraction of 175
Cefadroxil 61
Cefazolin 89, 484, 557
Cefdinir 62, 558
Cefepime 63, 558
Cefixime 63, 484, 539, 540, 558
Cefoperazone 64, 558
Cefotaxime 64, 558
Cefpodoxim proxetil 558
Cefpodoxime 65
Ceftazidime 66, 484, 558
Ceftriaxone 66, 484, 558
Cefuroxime 67, 518
Celecoxib 173, 553
Celiac disease 90
Central nervous system 18, 94, 121, 405, 577
Cephalexin 68, 557
Cephalosporins 59, 223, 557
Cerebrovascular disease 7, 11, 145, 146, 332, 378, 419
severe 331
Cerebrovascular disorders 347
Cerebrovascular syndrome 191
Cetirizine 121, 538, 541, 544549
Cetrimide 432, 577
Charcoal, activated 593
Chicken pox vaccine 592
Chloral hydrate 533
Chlorambucil 594
Chloramphenicol 69, 223, 422, 484, 542, 559, 573
Chlorbutol 573
Chlordiazepoxide 280, 366, 564, 577, 578
Chlorhexidine 256, 560, 573, 574, 577
Chloroquine 188, 485, 518, 560
Chlorothymol 574
Chloroxylenol 577
Chlorpheniramine 122, 574, 583, 585, 586
Chlorpromazine 112, 372, 386, 485, 541, 579
Chlorthalidone 569, 570
Chlorzoxazone 555
Cholecalciferol 469
Cholera vaccine 459
Cholestatic jaundice syndrome 108
Chondroitin sulfate 555
Chorionic gonadotropin 586
Churg-Strauss syndrome 42
Chymotrypsin 185, 554, 555
Ciclesonide 57
Ciclopirox 415
Cilastatin 500, 559
Cilnidepine 141, 567, 570
Cilostazol 158
Cimetidine 152, 204, 333, 422
Cinnamon oil 565
Cinnarazine 126, 582
Ciprofloxacin 70, 204, 333, 485, 558, 572
Circulatory disease 359
Cirrhosis 112
Cisapride 27, 422
Cisplatin 486, 594
Citalopram 268, 365, 400, 578
Citicoline 347, 582
Citric acid 449
Clarithromycin 27, 70, 153, 237, 356, 388, 395, 400, 422, 486, 557
Clavulanic acid 480, 518, 556559
Clidinium bromide 280
Clindamycin 417, 486, 541, 559, 576, 591
Clinidium 564
Clioquinol 575
Clobazam 96, 486, 580
Clobetasol 550, 575, 576
propionate 418
Clofazimine 518
Clomifene 309, 586
Clomipramine 376, 578
Clonazepam 96, 486, 577, 578
Clonidine 144, 487, 568
withdrawal syndrome 145
Clopidogrel 180, 209, 487, 570, 571
Clostridium butyricum 543
Clostridium difficile 17, 62, 64, 66, 70, 71, 77, 79, 80, 81, 91, 93
Clotrimazole 237, 307, 413, 422, 542, 573575, 591
Clotrimazolo lidocaine 573
Cloxacillin 60, 71, 557, 558
Clozapine 379, 579
Coagulation disorders 199
Codeine 327, 487, 585
Colchicine 555
Cold syndrome 128
Colistimethate sodium 559
Collagen disease 193
Collagen vascular disease 139, 148, 149
Colonic ulceration 112
Compound sodium lactate 593
Confusion 241
Congestive heart
disease 158
failure 111, 136, 177, 220, 225, 437
Conjugated estrogens 518
Conjunctival decongestant 258
Conjunctivitis 199, 260
Constipation 169
Coronary artery disease 8, 26, 31, 146, 160, 192, 258, 292, 382, 383, 414, 448
obstructive 141
Coronary disease 229
Coronary heart disease 5
Coronary syndrome, acute 209, 210, 218, 220
Corticosteroid 487
responsive dermatoses 55
Cotrimoxazole 223, 301, 321
Cough 328
dry unproductive 329
Cramps 441
Creatine phosphokinase 319
Crohn's disease 213
Cromoglicic acid 52
Cushing's syndrome 44, 57, 245
Cutaneous: acne 87
Cyanocobalamin 473
Cyclandelate 145
Cyclopentolate 244
Cyclophosphamide 488, 594
Cycloplegia 257
Cyclosporine 140, 488, 556
Cyproheptadine 128, 584
Cyproterone 306
Cystic fibrosis 73
D
Dalteparin 221, 571
Danazol 235, 488
Dapagliflozin tablet 521
Dapsone 268, 488
Darifenacin 591
Decapeptide 577
Decitabine 528, 594
Deflazacort 406, 586
Dehydration 184, 441
Delavirdine 237
Delusional thinking 398
Dementia 346, 347
Depression 206, 394, 396
Dermatophytosis 119
Desferrioxamine mesylate 489
Desloratadine 124, 583, 584
Desmopressin 569
Desogestrel 313, 587
Desonide 430, 575
Desvenlafaxine 395, 579
Dexamethasone 409, 489, 572, 586
Dexchlorpheniramine 123
maleate 583
Dexmedetomidine 12, 562
Dexpanthenol 577
Dexrabeprazole 274, 564
Dextran 40 357, 490
Dextromethorphan 328, 490, 545, 546, 585, 586
Dextrose 593
Diabetes 419
mellitus 32, 240, 332, 435
Diabetic ketoacidosis 112
Diabetic nephropathy 1, 136
Diacerein 37, 555
Diarrhea 111, 169, 327, 350
acute 115
Diazepam 97, 268, 369, 400, 490, 541, 551, 578
Diclofenac 153, 356, 400, 491, 518, 538, 554, 555
potassium 555
sodium 175, 553
Dicloxacillin 539, 540, 557
Dicyclomine 214, 491, 538, 539, 543, 564, 565
Dicycloverine HCl 564
Didanosine 491, 517
Diethylcarbamazine 127, 541, 560
Digoxin 240, 275, 491, 566
Dihydralazine 568
sulphate 146
Dihydroergotamine 491
Diltiazem 88, 147, 422, 492, 566
hydrochloride 567
Dimenhydrinate 134, 582
Dimethicon 563
Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate 573
Diphenhydramine 551
Diphtheria 455, 456, 592
Dipropionate 566
Dipyridamole 27, 180
Disodium hydrogen citrate 434, 592
Disopyramide 27, 170
Disseminated gonococcal infection 67
Disulfiram 397, 580
Diuretics 569
Divalproex sodium 106, 580
Dizziness 199, 241, 350
Dobutamine 25, 492, 566
Docetaxel 594
Domperidone 263, 492, 554, 563, 564
Donepezil 350, 581
Dopamine 22, 492, 566
Dorzolamide 252
Dosulepin 578
Dothiepin 380, 578
Doxifluridine 594
Doxophylline 50, 584
Doxorubicin 153, 223, 356, 492, 518, 594
Doxycycline 72, 223, 400, 559
Doxylamine 131, 566
Drotaverine HCl 212, 564, 587
Drowsiness 106, 441
Drug for impotence 231
Drug-drug interactions 478
Drug-food interactions 517
Drugs acting on uterus 233
Dry mouth 199, 441
Dubin-Johnson syndrome 307
Duloxetine 382, 579, 582
Duodenal ulcer disease 324
Duodenal ulceration 277
Dutasteride 446
Dysarthria 98
Dyspnea 199, 352
E
Ear 242, 405
preparations 573
Eaton-Lambert syndrome 342
Ebastine 130, 583
Echinococcosis 15
Edaravone 583
Efavirenz 301, 493
Eflornithine HCl 577
Electrolyte 590, 593
imbalance 435
Emphysema 328
Enalapril 493
maleate 148, 567
Endocarditis 73
Enoxaparin 216, 571
Enterobiasis 15
Ephedrine 442
hydrochloride 562
Epilepsy 129, 187, 332
Epinephrine 493
Epirubicin 594
Eplerenone 140
Eptifibatide 180
Equine rabies immunoglobulin 592
Erectile dysfunction 231
Ergotamine 192
Eribulin mesylate solution 529
Ertapenem 559
Erythema multiforme 79, 96
Erythromycin 27, 85, 92, 152, 153, 204, 223, 237, 356, 400, 422, 493, 557
Erythropoietin 286, 493
Escitalopram 394, 493, 541, 578, 579
Esmolol 10, 494, 566
Esomeprazole 264, 563
magnesium 563
Esophageal variceal haemorrhage, acute 292
Estradiol valerate 587
Estrogen 298, 587
hormone 419
Eszopiclone 387, 578
Etamsylate 290, 571
Ethinylestradiol 494, 518, 587
Etizolam 391
Etodolac 38, 554
Etomidate 562
Etophylline 584
Etoposide 494, 594
Etoricoxib 177, 554
Eucalyptol 574
Exacerbations, acute 90
Extrapyramidal disease 225
Extrapyramidal syndrome 133, 377
Eye 242, 405
corticosteroids 572
pain in 175
Ezetimibe 317, 494, 570
F
Falciparum malaria 186
Famciclovir 226
Famotidine 277, 333, 494, 563
Fanconi syndrome 104
Fasting blood glucose levels 109
Fatigue 106, 350
Febuxostat 555
Fenofibrate 317, 494, 570, 571
Fentanyl 355
Ferrous ammonium citrate 590
Ferrous fumerate 590
Ferrous salts 494, 518
Fever 33, 96, 199, 432, 464
Fexofenadine 124, 495, 583, 584
Fibrinolytics 211
Filgrastim 594
Finasteride 442, 591
Flatulence 276
Flavoxate 448, 591
Flu syndrome 271, 286, 385
Flucloxacillin 60
Fluconazole 27, 117, 237, 394, 422, 495, 560
Flucytosine 495
Fludrocortisone 410
Flunarizine 190, 582
Fluocinolone acetonide 416
Fluorometholone 254
Fluoroquinolones 333
Fluorouracil 594
Fluoxetine 163, 237, 268, 381, 399, 495, 579
Flupenthixol 579
Flupentixol 537, 541
Fluphenazine 361, 495, 579
Flupiritine 195, 554
maleate 554
Flurbiprofen 245, 573
Fluticasone 43, 244, 574, 575, 576, 585
propionate 496, 574, 575
Fluvoxamine 204, 237, 383, 394, 578
Folic acid 468, 475, 496, 583, 588, 589, 590, 594
Folinic acid 496
Follicle stimulating hormone 308, 586
Fondaparinux 218
Food allergy 52
Formoterol 46, 496, 584
Fosphenytoin 98, 496, 580
Framycetin 248, 496, 577
Frusemide 438
Fulminant hepatitis 180
Fungi 80
Furazolidone 496
Furosemide 411, 497, 569
Fusidic acid 413, 574
G
Gabapentin 99, 541, 580, 582
Gadopentetic acid 529
Gallbladder disease 288, 298, 318, 419
Gastric intolerance 103
Gastric ulcer 324
Gastric ulceration, benign 277
Gastroesophageal reflux disease 262, 271, 274, 277
Gastrointestinal
disease 38, 62, 63, 65, 68, 72, 247
obstructive 340
disorders 242
disturbances 109, 199
drugs 262, 563
haemorrhage, upper 166
irritation 104
tract 5
Gefitinib 594
Gelatin 359
Gemcitabine 497, 594
Gemifloxacin 91, 558
Gemigliptin 523
Genitourinary
system 591
tracts 201
Gentamicin 73, 243, 497, 556, 572, 573, 574, 575, 576
sulphate 542
Giardiasis 15, 17
Ginkgo biloba 346, 351
Ginkobilova 583
Glaucoma 201, 284
narrow angle 129
Glibenclamide 108, 497, 542, 561
Gliclazide 108, 498, 561
Glimepiride 109, 268, 498, 542, 561
Glipizide 110, 268, 542, 561
Glucagon 498
Glucosamine 37, 555
Glucose 87, 441
6-phosphate dehydrogenase 108
Glycerin 576
Glyceryl trinitrate 23, 498, 568
Glyclazide 561
Glycolic acid 577
Glycopyrolate 562
Glycopyrronium 340
bromide 284
Gonococcal infection, uncomplicated 67
Gout 36
Gramicidin 260, 572
Granisetron 566
Grave's disease 297
Griseofulvin 119, 300, 312, 498, 518, 560
Guaiphenesin 328, 544, 546, 551, 585, 586
Guanethidine 170
Gynecological procedure 343
H
Haemophilus influenzae type b 452
Hair
loss of 189
pigment, bleaching of 189
Hallucinations 388, 398
Halobetasole 575
Halofantrine 27
Haloperidol 362, 499, 579
Halothane 5, 499, 562
Headache 350
Headache dizziness 441
Heart
burn 277
severe 47
disease 41, 86, 200, 237, 251, 314, 469
unstable 393
failure 240, 292, 310
severe 39
uncompensated 151
transplant 31
Helicobacter pylori 17
infection 267
Hematopoietic system 566
Hematuria 289
Hemocoagulase 287
Hemolytic anemia 108
Hemolytic uremic syndrome 18
Hemophilus influenza 592
Hemophilus type B conjugate vaccine 592
Hemorrhagic disease 289
Hemostatics 286
Heparin 180, 211, 499
sodium 219, 571
Hepatic
disease 2, 3, 15, 18, 24, 25, 50, 99, 107, 160, 173, 247, 280, 294, 362, 414, 418
dysfunction 370
impairment 29, 39, 399
insufficiency 108
Hepatitis
A vaccine 460
B 592
immunoglobulin 454
vaccine 451, 592
Hepatobiliary drugs 294, 565
Hepatotoxic drugs 107
Hip pain 345
Homatropine 572
Hookworm infection 15
Hormones 296, 586
Horner's syndrome 3
Human albumin 592, 593
Human chorionic gonadotropin 302
Human deploid cell rabies vaccine 592
Human immunodeficiency virus 27, 115, 152
Human isophane insulin, intermediate-acting 560
Human menopausal gonadotropin 302
Hyaluronidase 13
Hydralazine 499
Hydrochloride 573
Hydrochlorothiazide 439, 445, 499, 541, 569, 570
Hydrocortisone 249, 407, 423, 518, 566, 574, 576, 586
Hydroquinone 424
Hydroxocobalamin 476
Hydroxy urea 594
Hydroxychloroquine 188, 518
Hydroxyethyl starch 358, 593
Hydroxyprogesterone 587
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 573
Hydroxyzine 129, 583
Hyocimax 564
Hyoscine butylbromide 214, 564
Hypercalcemia of malignancy 198
Hypercalcemia-associated disease 228
Hyperpigmented skin conditions 424
Hypersensitivity 94, 112, 284, 332, 355
reaction 64, 330
Hyperstimulation syndrome 302
Hypertension 46, 136, 171, 257, 352
Hypertensive vascular disease 2
Hyperuricemia 36
Hypnotics 124, 132, 363
Hypocalcemia 199
Hypokalemia 441
Hypolipidemic agents 570
Hypolipidemic drugs 315
Hyponatremia, syndrome 111
Hypoparathyroid disease 228
Hypoproteinemia 358
Hypotension 2, 29, 352, 441
Hypothalamic lesions 308
Hypovolemia 358
Hypovolemic shock 359
I
Ibuprofen 177, 500, 518, 554
Ibutilide 27
Idiosyncratic reactions 445
Ilaprazole 278, 564
Imatinib 153, 356, 400, 500
Imipenem 500, 559
Imipramine 541
HCl 579
Immunodeficiency syndrome 197
Immunosuppressants 320, 556
In vitro fertilization 302
Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, syndrome of 111
Indapamide 569
Indinavir 237, 500, 517
Indomethacin 178, 554
Infant colic 276
Infection 199, 446
Infectious disease 59, 60, 220
Inflammatory bowel disease 42, 177, 182, 213, 299, 324
Inflammatory disease 295
Inflammatory disorder 345
Influenza
like symptoms 164, 199
vaccine 592
virus inactivated vaccine 465
Infusion syndrome 6
Inhalation 56
asthma prophylaxis 52, 55
severe
asthma 55
bronchospasm 54
Inhibition, decreased 388
Inoperable metastatic breast cancer 310
Insomnia 350, 387
with anxiety 391
Insulin 501, 560
analogues 561
aspart, rapid-acting 561
glargin 561
lispro, rapid-acting 561
soluble 560
Intestines 176
Intolerance syndrome, acute 213
Intracranial hypertension 93
Intramuscular injection 476
deep 372
Intravenous
acute ischemic stroke 167
acute massive pulmonary embolism 167
administration 23
amino acid 593
immunoglobulin 592
injection 97, 102, 165
uncomplicated premature labor 54
Iodine 501
sensitivity 30
Ipratropium 49
bromide 47, 585
Iritis 199
Iron 283
deficiency anemia 477
dextran 477
preparations 589
salts 474
sucrose 590
Irritable bowel syndrome 263, 274, 275
Ischemia, silent 191
Ischemic heart disease 11, 29, 32, 47, 137, 145, 147, 165, 170, 191, 193, 256, 286, 330, 414
severe 170
Isoflurane 8, 562
Isoniazid 39, 153, 204, 223, 356, 400, 501, 517, 532, 536
Isophane insulin 560
Isoprenaline 32, 566
Isosorbide dinitrate 22, 501, 517, 568
Isosorbide mononitrate 24
Isotretinoin 93, 425, 501
Isoxsuprine 234
Isoxsuprine HCl 591
Ispaghula husk 283
Itopride 263, 564
Itraconazole 27, 237, 307, 388
Ivabradine 26, 568
Ivermectin 502
J
Jaundice 98
Johnson syndrome 96
Joint disorders 33
Josamycin 27
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis 33
K
Ketamine 4
hydrochloride 562
Ketoconazole 27, 39, 237, 275, 307, 388, 420, 422, 502, 550, 575
Ketorolac 180, 554
Ketotifen 51, 584
Kidney 427
disease 5, 136, 184, 217, 218
stone 228
Klebsiella 83
Kojic acid 577
L
Labetalol 150, 567
Lactic acid 576
Lactic acidosis 111
Lactitol 282
Lactobacillus combinations 565
Lactulose 322
Lamivudine 502
Lamotrigine 99, 579
Landau-Kleffner syndrome 100
Lansoprazole 265, 563
Latanoprost 502, 573
Lathyrus species poisoning 345
Laxatives 322, 565
Ledipasvir 523
bulk 523
Leflunomide 502
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome 96
Lenolieic acid 576
Letrozole 196, 594
Leucopenia 109
Leuprorelan 594
Levetiracetam 100, 580
Levocetirizine 125, 502, 518, 528, 544, 550, 583
Levodopa 200, 502, 581
Levofloxacin 73, 539, 540, 545, 558
Levosalbutamol 584
Levosulpiride 274, 564
Levothyroxine 503, 517
sodium 296, 587
Lidocaine 34, 503, 566
Lignocaine 562, 566, 573
Linagliptin 562
Linezolid 78, 539, 540, 559
Lipids 441
Liquid paraffin 281
Lisinopril 149, 567, 569
Lithium 503, 518, 579
carbonate 374
Liver
damage, signs of 445
disease 19, 36, 39, 82, 154, 188, 195, 200, 213, 214, 297, 304, 315, 316, 318, 329, 358, 361, 427, 469, 477
active 104, 118, 164, 314316
acute 318
chronic 31, 118, 360, 419
moderate-to-severe 317
severe 119, 132, 153, 304, 338, 371, 376, 380
signs of 117
symptoms of 117
failure 180
acute 358
function tests 231, 317, 320, 389
Local anesthesia 1
Loperamide 115, 504
Loratadine 122, 583
Lorazepam 370, 578, 581
L-ornithine l-aspartate 283
Lornoxicam 539
Losartan 136, 268, 568, 569
Lovastatin 71
Low back pain 345
Lower respiratory tract infection 75
Lower urinary tract infections 90
Lumefantrine 480
Lupus-like syndrome 435
Lyophilized snake venom antiserum 592
M
Macrolides 27, 557
Magnesia, milk of 281, 565
Magnesium hydroxide 276, 480
Malabsorption syndrome 228, 314
Male hypogonadism 309, 310
Malignant disease 196
Malt diastase 565
Mania 361, 398
Mastocytosis 52
Measles 464, 458, 592
vaccine 457
Mebendazole 16, 504, 518, 559
Meclizine 130
Mecobalamin 400, 541, 579, 582, 583, 588, 590
Medroxyprogesterone 299, 587
Mefenamic acid 564, 504, 554, 572
Mefloquine 27, 187, 399
Melanoma, malignant 432
Meloxicam 529
Melphalan 517, 594
Memantine 349, 581
Meniere's disease 131, 134
Meningitis 73
Menopausal symptom 345
Mental disturbances 241
Mephentermine 157
Meropenem 79, 504, 559
Mesalamine 213, 564
Metaxalone 334, 555
Metformin 111, 505, 541, 542, 561, 562
Methadone 505, 518
Methdilazine 330
Methemoglobinemia 2, 266
Methotrexate 196, 505, 517, 594
Methoxsalen 431, 576
Methsuximide 268, 400
Methyl ergometrine 591
Methylcellulose 344
Methylcobalamin 470, 582, 583, 586, 589, 590
Methyldopa 163, 505, 568
Methylergometrine 236
Methylparaben 573
Methylprednisolone 505, 518, 586
acetate 404
Metoclopramide 265, 533, 536, 564, 566
Metolazone 156, 569
Metoprolol 164, 567, 569, 570
tartrate 153
Metronidazole 17, 506, 518, 540, 559, 560, 574
Mexiletine 518
Miconazole 550, 575
nitrate 416, 575
Midazolam 88, 268, 337, 506, 562
Mifepristone 506, 591
Migraine 192194
Milirinone 566
Milk-alkali syndrome 228
Milnacipran hydrochloride 390
Milrinone 155
Minerals 587
Minocycline 92, 559
Minoxidil 414, 577
Mirtazapine 384, 579
Miscarriage 54
Misoprostol 299, 591
Modafinil 399
Moisturizer soap 577
Mometasone 247, 506, 574, 575, 577
furoate 420, 574
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors 124, 240
Montelukast 42, 268
Morphine 354, 506, 518
Mosapride 267, 564
Motion sickness, prophylaxis of 134
Movement disorders 203
Moxifloxacin 253, 572
Moxonidine 170, 568
Mucolytic 326, 328
Mumps 458, 464, 592
Mupirocin 417, 574, 576
Muscle
cramps 350
relaxant 332, 555
Muscular headache 345
Musculoskeletal disorders 33, 555
Musculoskeletal system 345
Myalgia 199
Myasthenia gravis 154, 343, 344, 355, 427
Mycobacterium marinum 92
Mycophenolate 506, 517
mofetil 197, 556
Mydriasis 257
Mydriatic drugs 572
Myeloma, multiple 198
Myocardial disease 7
Myocardial infarction 136
Myoclonic epilepsy 96
N
Nabumetone 179
Nadifloxacin 574
Nafcillin 152, 153, 394, 400
Nalidixic acid 506
Naloxone 352, 593
Naltrexone 389
Nandrolone 312, 587
Naphazoline 258, 572, 573
Naproxen 554
Naratriptan 190
Narcolepsy 399
Narcotics 182
Nardi test 343
Nasal congestion 258
Nasal preparation 242
Nateglinide 268
Nausea 2, 104, 132, 134, 169, 200, 350
Nebivolol 162, 568
Nefazodone 27, 153, 237, 356, 388, 400
Nelfinavir 27, 237, 388, 507, 518
Nenthol 574
Neomycin 260, 426, 572, 573, 574, 575
Neoplastic disease 404
Neostigmine 343, 507
methyl sulfate 562
Nepafenac 573
Nephritic syndrome 297
Netilmicin 82
sulfate 556
Neurocysticercosis 15
Neurodegenerative diseases drugs 581
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome 203, 205, 225, 266, 274, 362, 385, 386
Neuromuscular
blockade, reversal of 344
blockers 336
disease 342
drugs 343
Neurotonics 346
Neurotoxicity-poisoning 343
Nevirapine 153, 301, 394, 400, 507
Niacin 518
Nicardipine 153, 356, 400, 422
Nicorandil 21, 568
Nicotine pastille 580
Nifedipine 151, 422, 507, 567
Nimesulide 38, 537, 538, 539, 544, 546, 547, 549, 554
Nimodipine 152
Nimorazole 540
Nitrazepam 363, 578
Nitrofurantoin 434, 518
Nitrous oxide 508
Nonfamilial hypercholesterolemia 315
Nonmyeloid malignant disease 286
Nonpsychotic anxiety 373
Nonulcer dyspepsia 277
Noradrenaline 166, 239, 508, 567
Norethisterone 300, 587
Norfloxacin 74, 540, 558, 559
Nose 405
Nosocomial pneumonia, treatment of 84
Nutritional supplements 590
O
Obliterative vascular disease 237
Obsessive compulsive disorder 394
Obstructive disease 201
Obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic 43, 56, 63, 129, 169, 244, 337, 350
Occlusive vascular disease 23
Octinoxate 576
Octreotide 288, 572
Ocular disease 247
Oculorespiratory syndrome 465
Ofloxacin 75, 540, 550, 559, 572, 573
Olanzapine 368, 579
Olmesartan 541, 568, 569, 570
medoxomil 139
Olopatadine 127, 572
Olsalazine 321
Omeprazole 267, 394, 422, 508, 517, 563
Ondansetron 182, 269, 508, 566
Ophthalmic preparations 572
Opioid 182, 335, 363
analgesics 124, 132, 352, 555
Opipramol 396
Oral
allergic conditions 121
contraception 313
nasal congestion 330
Orciprenaline 45
Organic brain
disease 104, 107
syndrome 384
Organo-phosphate poisoning 344
Ornidazole 18, 558, 560
Osteoarthritis 174
Osteolytic lesions 198
Osteoporosis 198
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 302
Oxacillin 301
Oxaliplatin 594
Oxazepam 390, 578
Oxcarbazepine 101, 508, 580
Oxetacaine 563, 564
Oxethazaine 279, 563
Oxybutynin 443, 591
Oxymetazoline 251
hydrochloride 574
Oxytetracycline 508, 517, 559
Oxytocin 233, 591
P
Paclitaxel 268
Paget's disease 198, 250, 304, 305
Pain drugs 555
Pain, mild-to-moderate 33, 327
Palonosetron 566
Pancreatin 565
Pancuronium 341
bromide 562
Panic disorder 97, 394
Pantoprazole 271, 563
Papain 555
Papaverin 11, 565
Paracetamol 538, 539, 541, 543555, 564
Paradichlorobenzene 573
Parenteral intravenous acute hypotension 166
Parkinson disease, treatment of 225
Parkinson's disease 126, 170, 171, 202, 204, 205, 225, 266, 331, 348, 362, 372, 374, 377
Parkinsonism 427
Parkinson-White syndrome 35
Paroxetine 163, 365, 399, 579
Pazopanib 529
Pazufloxacin 82, 559
Pelvic inflammatory disease 64, 73, 75, 243, 417
acute 235
Pemetrexed 594
Penicillin 59, 556
G potassium 557
Pentamide 27
Pentavalent vaccines 592
Pentazocine 353, 555
Pentoxifylline 29
Peptic ulcer disease 19, 131, 217, 218, 295
active 39, 332
Peripheral arterial disease 163, 169
severe 137, 151, 162, 165
Peripheral vascular disease 11, 23, 29, 126, 142, 158, 191, 192, 193, 234, 345
severe 255
Permithrine 575
Persistent vomiting 464
Pertussis 455, 592
Phenazopyridine 436, 591
Phenobarbitone 101, 470, 551, 578, 581
Phenothiazine 399
antipsychotics 238
Phenoxymethylpenicillin 509
Phenylbutazone 120, 538
Phenylephrine 7, 538, 544, 545, 546, 566, 567, 572, 574, 586
Phenylpropanolamine 330
Phenytoin 102, 152, 153, 230, 268, 300, 301, 304, 312, 394, 400, 422, 469, 470, 509, 551
sodium 581
Pholcodeine 329
Pholcodine 545
Phytomenadione 289
Pilocarpine 246, 572, 573
Pimozide 27
Pioglitazone 542, 561
Piperacillin 83, 85, 510, 557
Piracetam 346, 582
Piroxicam 182, 554
Pituitary lesions 308
Plague 73
Plasma expanders 357
Pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate
Pneumococcal vaccine 462
Polio vaccine 593
Poliomyelitis
hemophilus influenza 592
vaccine 456
Polycystic ovarian
disease 306, 308
syndrome 111, 303, 308
Polyethylene glycol 323, 565
Polymyxin 427, 559, 572, 573, 574
Porphyria 432
Postherpetic neuralgia 1
Postmenopausal women 198
Potassium
chloride 590
citrate 435
salts 518
Povidone iodine 428, 573, 577
Pramipexole 205, 581
Prasugrel 210, 571
Prazosin 158, 568
Preanesthetic medication 336
Prednisolone 402, 510, 518, 572, 586
Pregabalin 94
Premenstrual syndrome 300, 312
Primidone 107, 469, 470
Prinzmetal's angina 151
Procainamide 76, 518
Procarbazine HCl 594
Prochlorperazine 132, 566, 582
Progesterone 311, 587
Promethazine 270, 545, 582, 584, 586
hydrochloride 584
Propafenone 170
Proparacaine hydrochloride 573
Propofol 6, 153, 356, 400, 510, 562
Propoxyphene 183
Propranolol 46, 137, 268, 400, 518, 568
Propylparaben 552
Prostate
cancer 446
disorders 591
Prostatic hypertrophy 129
Protamine sulfate 290, 572
Protease inhibitors 27, 153, 232, 356, 400
Proteinuria 96
Prulifloxacin 90
Pruritic skin disorders 330
Pseudoephedrine 545
Pseudomonas 83
Psoriasis 576
Psychoses 133, 171, 361, 373
Psychosis, acute 373
Psychotic disorders, severe 332
Psychotropic drugs 361
Pulmonary disease 200
chronic 201
obstructive 349, 448
Pulmonary edema 352, 474
Pulmonary valvular disease 156
Pulseless ventricular fibrillation 34
Purgatives 565
Purple toes syndrome 220
Pyrazinamide 532, 536
Pyridine aldoxime methiodide 593
Pyridostigmine 344
Pyridoxine 131, 471, 510, 566, 583, 588
Pyrimethamine 511, 512
Q
Quadriplegic myopathy syndrome, acute 342
Quetiapine 384, 579
Quinapril 168, 567
Quinidine 27, 76, 92, 153, 163, 170, 356, 399, 400, 442
Quinine 518
Quinolone 558, 559
antibiotics 223
R
Rabeprazole 272, 538, 542, 543, 563, 564
Rabies
immunoglobulin 454, 462
vaccine 461
Racecadotril 116, 565
Raloxifene 511
Ramipril 138, 511, 567, 570
Ramosetron 275, 566
Ranitidine 273
hydrochloride 564
Ranolazine 159, 568
Raynaud's disease 255
Raynaud's syndrome 151, 170, 202
Red eyes 464
Refraction 257
Reiter's disease 213
Renal
disease 24, 25, 101, 200, 214, 247, 280, 288, 302, 434
end-stage 125
failure, severe 39
hepatic disease 235
impairment 199, 435
insufficiency 108
Reserpine 170, 171, 568
Respiratory disease 98, 348, 363, 367, 369, 370, 373, 385387
Respiratory distress syndrome 31
Respiratory tract infection 85
upper 271
Restless leg syndrome 204, 205
Retinal vascular disease 231
Reye's syndrome 33, 209
Rheumatic disease 177, 178
Rheumatoid arthritis 91, 174, 188, 196, 320
Rhinitis 39, 260
Riboflavin 471
Rifabutin 301, 422
Rifampicin 27, 152, 268, 300, 304, 307, 312, 388, 422, 511, 517, 532, 536
Rifampin 394
Rifamycins 153, 400
Rifaximin 80, 559
Rigors 199
Risedronate sodium 304
Risperidone 386, 579, 580
Ritonavir 27, 204, 237, 307, 388, 512, 518
Rivastigmine 348, 581
Rizatriptan 192
Ropinirole 204, 581
Ropivacaine 3, 562
Rosiglitazone 537
Rosuvastatin 316, 570, 571
Rotavirus vaccine 464, 592
Rotor syndrome 307
Rotoside 555
Roxithromycin 88, 517, 557
Rubella 458, 464
vaccine 458, 592
Rupatidine 584
Rutoside 39, 40, 555
Ruxolitinib 529
S
Safelax sachet 565
Salbutamol 53, 512, 532, 584, 586
Salicylic acid 424, 575, 576
Salmeterol 56, 585
Saquinavir 237, 518
Schizophrenia 343, 373
Seborrhea 576
Seizure 41
absence of 96
disorders 91
severe 104
Selegiline 206
Septran 559
Serotonin syndrome 203, 267, 353, 382, 383
life-threatening 191
risk of 192, 203
Serrapeptase 555
Serratiopeptidase 184, 554
Sertaconazole nitrate 426
Sertinole 27
Sertraline 268, 367, 400, 579
Serum uric acid, increased 441
Setraconazole 591
Severe anxiety disorders, adjunct in 133
Severe disease 184
treatment of 184
Sevoflurane 9
Sevoforane 562
Sexually transmitted infectious disease 18
Shock 357, 358
Sibutramine 537
Sick sinus syndrome 26, 31, 147, 151, 154, 162, 165, 201, 255, 348
Sideroblastic anemia 471
Sildenafil 231, 512
Silodosin 591
Silver sulfadiazine 574
Silymarin 294
Simethicone 276, 563, 564
Simmonds’ disease 410
Simvastatin 71, 88, 318
Sinus
node disease 30, 241
syndrome 350
Sitagliptin 114, 562
Sjogren's syndrome 246
Skin 86, 405
antiseptics 577
infection 73
rash 464
reaction 109
Sleep apnea
obstructive 399
syndrome 363, 369, 392
Sleep disorder, shift-work 399
Slow intravenous injection
and infusion 45
status epilepticus 101
Smoking
cessation 392
occurs with 328
Sodium 555
bicarbonate 543
carboxymethyl cellulose 573
chloride 242, 519, 573, 574, 593
cromoglicate 573
methylparaben 552
nitroprusside 154, 566
picosulfate 324
salicylate 538
tetradecyl sulfate 288
valproate 104, 519, 580
Sofosbuvir tablet 521, 522
Somatostatin 287, 572
Sorafinib 594
Sotalol 27, 76
Spasticity, severe chronic 332
Spironolactone 437, 519, 569
Squamous cell carcinoma 432
Stent implantation 32
Steroid 112
preparation 402
Stevens-Johnson syndrome 15, 18, 20, 36, 38, 39, 59, 60, 62, 6469, 7476, 79, 91, 93, 102104, 110, 113, 114, 117, 118, 139, 157, 173, 174, 180, 182, 184, 188, 226, 260, 382, 383, 393, 400, 435
Stokes-Adams syndrome 103
Stomach 176
Streptokinase 216, 571
Streptomycin 512
Stress ulcer 324
Stroke 191
Succinyl choline 338, 562
Sucralfate 324, 564
Sulbactum 558
Sulfadiazine 517
Sulfadoxine 512
Sulfamethoxazole 559
Sulfasalazine 183, 513, 519, 564
Sulfonamides 559
Sumatriptan 582
Susceptible infection 73, 86
Suxamethonium 48
Swollen gland 464
Systemic disease 289
Systemic fungal infections 118
Systemic lupus erythematosus 93
T
Tachyarrhythmias 47
Tachycardia 163
Tacrolimus 421, 513, 517, 556, 577
Tadalafil 232, 591
Tamoxifen 594
Tamsulosin 443, 591
Tanning beds 92
Tardive dyskinesia, moderate-to-severe 203
Taste disturbance 199
Tauroglycocholate 565
Tazobactam 84, 85, 510, 557, 558
Teicoplanin 81, 559
Telithromycin 27, 153, 356, 400
Telmisartan 161, 513, 541, 552, 568, 569, 570
Temozolomide 594
Tendon disease 90
Tenecteplase 34, 571
Teneligliptin tablet 522
Terbinafine 118, 418, 560, 575
Terbutaline 41, 545, 584, 585
Terlipressin 292, 572
Terpineol 577
Testosterone 309
Tetanus 592
immunoglobulin 592
toxoid 451, 457
vaccine 455, 456, 592
Tetrabenazine 203, 581
Tetracycline 301, 517, 540, 559
Theobromine 29
Theophylline 29, 44, 152, 513, 584
Thiamine 472
Thiazides 112, 411
Thiocolchicoside 334, 554, 555
Thiopentone 9, 562
Thiopurine methyltransferase 320
Thioridazine 163, 580
hydrochloride 385
Throat 405
Thromboembolic disease 307
Thromboembolic disorders 357
Thromboembolism 96
prophylaxis 357
Thyroid 517
disease 371, 376
dysfunction 30
Tibolone 303, 587
Ticarcillin 559
Ticlopidine 180
Tigecycline 80
Timolo 573
Timolol 255, 513
Tinidazole 19, 559, 560
Tiotropium 585
bromide 48
Tirofiban 180, 220, 571
Tissue
infections, soft 86
plasminogen activator 571
Tizanidine 333, 555
Tobramycin 77, 556, 572
sulfate 556
Tolperisone 345, 555
Tolterodine 444, 591
Topiramate 105, 514, 581
Torasemide 440, 569
Tourette's syndrome 362, 400
Toxic epidermal necrolysis 18, 96, 117
Tramadol 399, 539, 554
hydrochloride 181
Tranexamic acid 291, 514, 572
Transient heart disease 192
Transient ischemic attack 191
Trauma 199
Travelers’ diarrhea 80
Tremors 98
Tretinion 421, 576, 577
Triamcinolone 403, 586
Triamterene 445, 569
Triazolam 268
Triclofos 578
Tricyclic antidepressants 129, 145, 200, 238, 335
Trifluoperazine 373, 578
Trihexyphenidyl 541
hydrochloride 201, 581
Trimetazidine 569
Trimethoprim 321, 514, 559
Trioxsalen 411
Triptans 396
Troleandomycin 237, 388
Tropicamide 249, 572
Trypan blue 12
Trypsin 39, 40, 539, 554, 555
Tumor lysis syndrome 36
Turpentine oil 573
Typhoid vaccine 459, 517, 592
U
Ulcer disease 350
Ulceration 176
Urinary
antiseptic 434
retention 98
tract infection 73, 75, 82
disease 20, 63, 64
uncomplicated lower 90
Urogenital system drugs 437
Urokinase 217
Ursodeoxy cholic acid 294, 566
Urticaria 176
Uveitis 199
V
Vaccine 451, 592
Valethamate 237
Valporic acid 39, 514, 580
Valsartan 160, 568
Vancomycin 76, 514, 559
Varicella 464
vaccine 461, 515, 592
Vascular disease 143, 292
Vasopressin 569
Vecuronium 339
bromide 562
Venlafaxine 382
HCl 578, 579
Veno-occlusive liver disease 321
Ventricular tachycardia 34, 352
Verapamil 88, 153, 160, 356, 400, 422, 515, 567
Vertigo 133
causes 134
Vigabatrin 105
Vilazodone hydrochloride 522
Vildagliptin 113, 562
Vinblastine 515
Vinpocetine 347
Viral disease 254
Vitamin 466, 587
A 472, 588
B 466
B1 535, 588
B12 283, 473
deficiency 476
B2 588
deficiency 471
B-complex 588
C 466, 588
D 469, 470, 588
D3 589
E 467, 588
K 572, 589
deficiency 64, 289
Vomiting 132, 169, 200, 350
Voriconazole 237, 560
W
Warfarin 180, 211, 219, 268, 321, 515, 571
Wasting disease 307
Weakness 241
Weight loss 199, 350
Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome 472
West syndrome 96, 100
White blood cell 320
Withdrawal syndrome, acute 352
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome 30, 160, 241
Worsening serotonin syndrome 390
X
Xerostomia 284
Xylometazoline 252
hydrochloride 574
Z
Zafirlukast 268
Zidovudine 516, 517
Zileuton 204, 237, 333
Zinc 283
oxide 425, 576
pyrithione 574
sulfate 573, 575
Ziprasidone 27
Zoledronic acid 198, 594
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome 264, 267, 268, 271, 277
Zolpidem 364, 516, 578
Zonisamide 106
×
Chapter Notes

Save Clear


ANESTHETICSCHAPTER 1

 
LIGNOCAINE
 
Indications
Local anesthesia, topical, postherpetic neuralgia, burn, diabetic neuropathy.
 
Dose
Adult: Mouth/throat surface anesthesia. For pain—As 2% soln—300 mg, not more often than 3 hourly. Before procedures in the mouth and throat: As 4% soln—40–300 mg. For dentistry and otorhinolaryngology procedures: As 10% soln—10–50 mg. For laryngotracheal anesthesia— As 4% soln—160 mg as a single dose. Intravenous (IV) ventricular arrhythmias As HCl: In advanced cardiac life support—1–1.5 mg/kg, repeat if needed. Maximum total—3 mg/kg. In more stable patients: 50–100 mg. May repeat once or twice if needed, up to a max of 200–300 mg in 1 hour, then 1–4 mg/minute via continuous infusion. Regional anesthesia 50–300 mg (0.5% soln w/o adrenaline). Maximum—4 mg/dose. Intramuscular (IM) ventricular arrhythmia emergency—300 mg, repeat after 60–90 minutes if needed. Epidural anesthesia—2–3 mL soln for each dermatome to be anesthetized. Lumbar epidural—250–300 mg (1% soln) for analgesia and 225–300 mg (1.5% soln) or 200–300 mg (2% soln) for anesthetic and thoracic epidural—200–300 mg (1% soln). In obstetric caudal analgesia, up to 300 mg (0.5 or 1% soln). For surgical caudal analgesia—225–300 mg (1.5% soln).
 
Contraindication
Hypersensitivity.2
 
Precautions
Aspiration when used as spray, bradycardia, cardiac failure, children over 12 years but weighing less than 25 kg, concomitant use of class 1 antiarrhythmics, concomitant use of other local anesthetics, risk of systemic absorption and toxicity, drug sensitivity, epilepsy.
 
Adverse Effects
Hypotension, nausea, methemoglobinemia, anaphylaxis.
 
Drug Interaction
Additive cardiac effects with IV phenytoin. Effects antagonized by hypokalemia caused by acetazolamide, loop diuretics and thiazides. Dose requirements may be increased with long-term use of phenytoin and other enzyme-inducers. Propranolol increase plasma concentration and toxicity. Increased risk of myocardial depression with β-blockers and other antiarrhythmics.
 
BUPIVACAINE
 
Indications
Analgesic (local and regional), anesthesia—for dental procedures, on eye, local, regional, pain.
 
Dose
In adult, intrapleurally 10–30 mL of bolus 0.25%, 0.375% or 0.5% every 4–8 hours. In pediatric, intrapleurally 0.25%.
 
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity, obstetrical paracervical block anesthesia.
 
Precautions
Obstetrical epidural anesthesia, cardiac rhythm disturbances, cardiovascular (CV) impairment, chondrolysis, concomitant use of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants, debilitated, elderly or acutely ill, areas of compromised blood supply, epidural or caudal anesthesia, ergot-type oxytocic agents, familial malignant hyperthermia, head and neck area administration, hepatic disease, hypertensive vascular disease, intravenous regional anesthesia (Bier block), pediatric patients less than 12 years of age, repeated local administration, sulfite sensitivity.3
 
Adverse Effects
Bradycardia, heart block, ventricular arrhythmia, bacterial meningitis, immune hypersensitivity reaction, chondrolysis, central nervous system (CNS) depression or stimulation, cranial nerve disorder, paraplegia, seizure, respiratory arrest.
 
Drug Interactions
Decreased duration with hyaluronidase. Decreased clearance with cimetidine and ranitidine. Potentiates lidocaine and mepivacaine. Allergic-type reactions with formulations containing sodium metabisulfite. Potentially fatal—May potentiate systemic toxicity of other local amide anesthetics. Increased risk of myocardial depression with antiarrhythmics.
 
ROPIVACAINE
 
Indications
Cesarean section—local anesthetic lumbar epidural block; Epidural anesthesia—Surgical procedure, labor pain; Local anesthetic nerve block—Surgical procedure, postoperative pain, pain, peribulbar infiltration of local anesthetic; Spinal anesthesia—Surgical procedure.
 
Dose
In adult, 20–30 mL of 0.5% (100–150 mg) or 15–20 mL of 0.75% solution (113–150 mg.)
 
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to ropivacaine.
 
Precautions
Cardiovascular impairment, chondrolysis, concomitant use of class 3 antiarrhythmics and local anesthetics, debilitated, elderly or acutely ill, emergency situations, head and neck area anesthesia, hepatic disease, hypotension, hypovolemia, or heart block, malignant hyperthermia, obstetrical paracervical block, peripheral nerve blocks, retrobulbar nerve blocks, supraclavicular brachial plexus blocks.
 
Adverse Effects
Fetal bradycardia, hypotension, pruritus, nausea, vomiting, backache, headache, paresthesia, fever, Horner's syndrome pupil.4
 
Drug Interactions
Itraconazole, ketoconazole or clarithromycin may reduce clearance of ropivacaine. Increased metabolism when used with rifampicin. Clearance is inhibited when used with fluvoxamine or ciprofloxacin. Increased risk of toxicity when used with other local anesthetics.
 
KETAMINE
 
Indications
General anesthesia; adjunct, procedural sedation, administration of analgesic—sedation, bronchospasm, rapid sequence intubation, induction.
 
Dose
In adult, 1–4.5 mg/kg IV single dose. In pediatric, 5–10 mg/kg IM.
 
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to ketamine, elevations in blood pressure.
 
Precautions
Not to be injected IV without proper dilution in equal volume of sterile water for injection, alcohol intoxication, cerebrospinal fluid pressure, hypertension or cardiac decompensation, mechanical stimulation of the pharynx, postoperative confusional state, rapid rate of administration or overdose, vomiting, risk of aspiration.
 
Adverse Effects
Hypertension, tachycardia, emergence from anesthesia, psychiatric symptoms, anaphylaxis, apnea, laryngeal spasm, pulmonary edema, respiratory depression.
 
Drug Interactions
May increase effects of nondepolarizing muscle relaxants. May reduce hypnotic effect of thiopental. Prolonged recovery time with barbiturates/narcotics. Reduced cardiac output, BP and pulse rate with halothane. Increased risk of hypertension and tachycardia with thyroid hormones. Seizures and tachycardia may occur when used with theophyllines.5
 
HALOTHANE
 
Indications
Asthma with status asthmaticus, general anesthesia, malignant hyperthermia diagnosis.
 
Dose
In adult, 0.5–3% in oxygen or nitrous oxide. In pediatric, 0.5–2.5% in nitrous oxide or oxygen.
 
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to halothane, obstetrical anesthesia, susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia, jaundice or other signs of acute hepatic damage.
 
Precautions
Obstetrical anesthesia, coronary heart disease or arrhythmias, increased intracranial pressure or intracranial lesions, myasthenia gravis, pheochromocytoma, previous liver dysfunction, hepatitis, elevations in serum bromide concentrations.
 
Adverse Effects
Cardiac dysrhythmia, CV finding, decreased cardiac finding, acute intermittent porphyria, body temperature finding, hypothermia due to anesthetic, metabolic finding, gastrointestinal tract (GIT) finding, nausea, vomiting, blood coagulation disorder, carboxyhemoglobinemia, hematology finding, immunosuppression, hepatotoxicity, liver finding, malignant hyperthermia, musculoskeletal finding, neurological effects, otic effects, acute renal failure, kidney disease, nephrotoxicity, respiratory effects, adverse reaction to bromide.
 
Drug Interactions
Adrenaline, other sympathomimetics, and theophylline can produce cardiac arrhythmias. Morphine and chlorpromazine may increase depressant effects of halothane on respiration. Increased risk of phenytoin intoxication when used together. Midazolam may potentiate the anesthetic action of halothane. Dopaminergics increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Neuromuscular blocking drugs are potentiated by halothane.6
 
PROPOFOL
 
Indications
General anesthesia, sedation, headache, procedural sedation, intubation.
 
Dose
In adult, 40 mg IV every 10 seconds until onset (2–2.5 mg/kg). In pediatric, 2.5–3.5 mg/kg IV over 20–30 seconds.
 
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to propofol, fospropofol or its components, allergy to eggs, egg products, soybeans, or soy products, allergies to soy or peanut.
 
Precautions
Abrupt discontinuation, anaphylactic reactions, aseptic technique, failure, bolus administration rapid, burns, diarrhea, major sepsis patients, disorders of lipid metabolism, duration of infusion longer than 5 days, elderly, debilitated, or ASA III/IV patients, elderly, patients with recent fluid shift, epileptic patients, general anesthesia sedation, increased intracranial pressure, pediatric patients, postoperative unconsciousness, prolonged high dose infusions (greater than 5 mg/kg/hour for longer than 48 hours), sedation in the intensive care unit, upper respiratory tract infections.
 
Adverse Effects
Injection site pain, nausea and vomiting, involuntary movement of muscle, bradyarrhythmia, heart failure, hypertension, anaphylaxis, seizure, acute renal failure, priapism, apnea, respiratory acidosis, bacterial septicemia, infusion syndrome.
 
Drug Interactions
Reduce dose if given with nitrous oxide or halogenated anesthetics. Increased sedative, anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects when used with other CNS depressants.7
 
PHENYLEPHRINE
 
Indications
Cardiomyopathy; diagnosis, glaucoma, hypotension, incontinence of feces, local anesthesia; adjunct, mydriasis induction, maintenance, myocardial infarction; diagnosis, nasal congestion, nasal formulation, nasal congestion, oral formulation, otitis media, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, posterior synechiae—uveitis, priapism, ptosis of eyelid, regional anesthesia; adjunct shock.
 
Dose
In adult, 1 mg to every local anesthetic solution. In pediatric, 0.5–1 mg per 25 pounds of body weight.
 
Contraindications
Anatomical narrow-angle (ophthalmic), arteriosclerotic cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease, hypersensitivity, hypertension, intraocular operative procedures, narrow angle glaucoma, pediatric use, ventricular tachycardia, breastfeeding mothers, hypersensitivity to phenylephrine, newborns.
 
Precautions
Anesthesia with agents that sensitize the myocardium to sympathomimetics, arteriosclerosis, bradycardia, cardiac block, cardio-vascular disease, ventricular arrhythmia, higher than recommended doses; increased risk of vasopressor response, hypertension, hyper-thyroidism, intraocular use, myocardial disease, rebound meiosis, reduced lacrimation during anesthesia; increased risk of vasopressor response.
 
Adverse Effects
Cardiovascular finding, hypertension, myocardial infarction, myocardial perfusion—finding, dermatologic effects, hematology finding, cell-mediated immune reaction, central nervous system finding, transient neurological symptoms, conjunctivitis, eye/vision finding, mydriasis, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, respiratory finding, sense of smell altered.8
 
Drug Interactions
May increase hypertensive effect of β-blockers (nonselective); MAOI potentiate hypertension; methyldopa and tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) can increase the pressor response.
 
ISOFLURANE
 
Indication
General anesthesia.
 
Dose
In adult, 1.5–3% with oxygen or nitrous oxide.
 
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to isoflurane, malignant hyperthermia.
 
Precautions
CO2 absorbents, dose-related hypotension and respiratory depression, coronary artery disease, obstetrical anesthesia, pediatric patients, sensitivity to halogenated anesthetics.
 
Adverse Effects
Nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrest, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia, hyperkalemia, malignant hyperthermia, decreased liver function (rare), hepatic necrosis, liver failure, seizure, myoglobinuria, renal failure, respiratory depression.
 
Drug Interactions
Enhances effects of neuromuscular blockers. May sensitize the myocardium to adrenaline and other sympathomimetics. Enhances hypotensive effects of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, TCAs, MAOIs, antihypertensives, antipsychotics or β-blockers. May have synergistic effects with CNS depressants.
 
Preparation Available
100% x 10 mL, 100 mL, 250 mL, 30 mL.9
 
SEVOFLURANE
 
Indication
General anesthesia.
 
Dose
0.5–3%.
 
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to sevoflurane, malignant hyperthermia.
 
Precautions
Halogenated hydrocarbon anesthetics, hepatitis with or without jaundice, hyperkalemia and fatal cardiac arrhythmia, hypotension, KOH-containing CO2 absorbents, QT prolongation, renal injury, renal insufficiency, seizures.
 
Adverse Effects
Bradyarrhythmia, hypotension, nausea, vomiting, somnolence, agitation, cough, interrupted breathing, shivering, hepatic necrosis, liver failure, hypersensitivity reaction.
 
Drug Interactions
May enhance effect and duration of competitive neuromuscular blockers. Metabolism and toxicity increased by cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP2E1 inducers including isoniazid and alcohol. Increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias when used with epinephrine or norepinephrine.
 
THIOPENTONE
 
Indications
General anesthesia, narco-analysis, raised intracranial pressure, regional anesthesia; adjunct, seizure, intubation, procedure—sedation, pediatric patients, status epilepticus.
 
Dose
In adult, 50–75 mg (2–3 mL of 2.5% solution) slow IV, single dose at 20–40 second intervals. In pediatric, induction, (neonate) 3–4 mg/kg; (1–6 months) 5–8 mg/kg IV; (1–5 years) 5–6 mg/kg IV.10
 
Contraindications
Absence of suitable veins for intravenous administration, acute intermittent porphyria, hypersensitivity to thiopental products.
 
Precautions
Severe cardiovascular disease, hypotension or shock, conditions in which the hypnotic effect may be prolonged or potentiated, status asthmaticus, endocrine insufficiency, increased intracranial pressure, ophthalmoplegia, respiratory impairment.
 
Adverse Effects
Injection site reaction, myocardial dysfunction, hemolytic anemia, anaphylaxis, finding of intracranial pressure, radial neuropathy, apnea, laryngeal spasm, respiratory depression.
 
Drug Interactions
Possible increase in difficulty in producing anesthesia in patients taking alcohol or CNS depressants. Additive action with other CNS depressants including sedatives, hypnotics, nitrous oxide or alcohol.
Increased hypotension and excitatory effects with phenothiazine antipsychotics. Increased hypnotic effect with antipsychotic. Decreased requirement of thiopental sodium with metoclopramide, sulfisoxazole, aspirin, meprobamate, probenecid and other highly protein bound drugs. Increased respiratory depression with opioids.
 
ESMOLOL
 
Indications
Hypertension, intraoperative—tachyarrhythmia, intraoperative, hypertension, postoperative tachyarrhythmia, postoperative supraventricular arrhythmia, acute myocardial infarction, anesthesia—surgical procedure, aortic dissection—operation on aorta, atrial arrhythmia; adjunct electroconvulsive therapy; adjunct operation on heart, myocardial protection, pheochromocytoma, rapid sequence intubation, preinduction, thyroid storm, unstable angina.
 
Dose
In adult, loading dose, 500 µg/kg IV bolus over 1 minute followed by maintenance dose.11
 
Contraindications
AV block, second and third degree, bradycardia, sinus cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock.
 
Precautions
Bronchospastic disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypotension, renal impairment.
 
Adverse Effects
Hypotension, injection site pain, nausea, heart block, anaphylaxis, seizure, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema.
 
Drug Interactions
Esmolol HCl may increase blood digoxin levels; it may prolong neuro-muscular blockade of succinylcholine. Morphine and warfarin may increase steady state blood esmolol levels. Bradycardia may occur when used concurrently with MAOIs. Esmolol may reduce elimination of theophylline. Potentially fatal—increased risk of bradycardia, AV block, hypotension and CHF with IV calcium channel blockers. Increased hypertensive risk with inotropes, adrenaline or noradrenaline. Hypotension or marked bradycardia with catecholamine depletors.
 
PAPAVERINE
 
Indications
Angina, cerebrovascular disease, ischemic heart disease, complicated by arrhythmias, peripheral vascular disease, with vasospasm, smooth muscle spasm, visceral, thromboembolic disorder, arterial catheter occlusion; prophylaxis, bypass transplantation with allogeneic transplant, graft preservation, erectile dysfunction.
 
Dose
In adult, 30 mg initially intracavernosal over 1–2 minutes, may increase up to 60 mg.
 
Contraindications
Large doses, intracorporeal injection, complete atrioventricular block.12
 
Precautions
Glaucoma, hepatic hypersensitivity.
 
Adverse Effects
Hypertension, tachyarrhythmia, pruritus, rash, abdominal discomfort, constipation, diarrhea, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, headache, somnolence, vertigo, acidosis, hepatotoxicity, priapism.
 
Drug Interactions
Use of Ginkgo biloba with papaverine may result in potentiation of papaverine therapeutic and adverse effects. Use with levodopa may result in decreased levodopa effectiveness. Papaverine may result in a false-positive urine opiate screen due to assay interference.
 
TRYPAN BLUE
 
Indications
Surgical procedure on eye, proper vitrectomy.
 
Dose
0.15% in vitrectomy and 0.5 mL in surgery.
 
Contraindications
Absorption of the dye by the lens.
 
Precautions
Excessive staining following injection.
 
Adverse Effects
Abnormal color of high water content hydrogen intraocular lenses, abnormal color of the posterior lens capsule and vitreous face, inadvertent.
 
DEXMEDETOMIDINE
 
Indications
Sedation, anesthetics adverse reaction—shivering, general anesthesia.13
 
Dose
In adult, initial, loading infusion of 1 µg/kg IV over 10 minutes; no loading dose required.
 
Contraindications
Specific contraindications have not been determined.
 
Precautions
Diabetes mellitus; hypotension and/or bradycardia, elderly patients, heart block, hepatic impairment, hypertension, chronic, hypertension, transient, hypovolemia, prolonged exposure (more than 24 hours), ventricular dysfunction, withdrawal symptoms (e.g. nausea, vomiting, agitation, hypertension, and tachycardia).
 
Adverse Effects
Hypertension, tachycardia, nausea, xerostomia, apnea, bronchospasm, pleural effusion, respiratory depression.
 
Drug Interactions
Use with meclizine, CNS depressants, oxycodone, sedatives, zolpidem and tapentadol may result in an increase in CNS depression or respiratory depression. With perampanel, loxapine and CNS depressants may result in potentiation of impaired cognitive function and motor skills and an increased risk of respiratory depression, hypotension, oversedation and syncope.
 
HYALURONIDASE
 
Indications
Injection of therapeutic agent, subcutaneous clysis of patient for fluid administration, urinary tract contrast procedure, cervical ripening procedure, injection site extravasation.
 
Dose
In adult, add 150 units (range 50–300 units) to the injection solution. In pediatric, add 150 units (range 50–300 units) to the injection solution.
 
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to hyaluronidase.14
 
Precautions
Concomitant use of dopamine or alpha agonists, corneal administration, infected or acutely inflamed area, intravenous administration, swelling due to bites or stings.
 
Adverse Effects
Injection site reaction, anaphylaxis.
 
Drug Interactions
Action potentiated by urokinase especially in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). May increase absorption and toxicity of local anesthetics. Heparin, salicylates and NSAIDs may inhibit the spreading action and efficacy of hyaluronidase.