Inderbir Singh's Textbook of Human Neuroanatomy Pritha S Bhuiyan, Lakshmi Rajgopal, K Shyamkishore
INDEX
Page numbers followed by f refer to figure, fc refer to flow chart, and t refer to table.
A
Adenohypophysis, control of 156
Adhesion, interthalamic 142, 232
Agraphia 186
Alveus 230
Aneurysm, berry 249
Angiogram
carotid, internal 18f
vertebral 18f
Angiography 17
Angle, cerebellopontine 61
Ansa lenticularis 160, 195
Aphasia 172
Apraxia, ideomotor 186
Archicerebellum 126
Archipallium 177
Area
auditory association 175
motor speech 172
prefrontal 172
premotor 172
primary auditory 175
primary motor 170
primary somatosensory 173
primary visual 174
damage to 175
sensory speech 173
somatosensory association 173
supplementary motor 172
Arteria radicularis magna 33
Artery/Arteries
basilar, branches of 248, 248f
carotid, internal 246, 247, 247f, 249
cerebellar
anterior inferior 138, 248
posterior inferior 60, 69f, 138, 236, 247
superior 62, 62f, 138, 248
cerebral
anterior 160, 173, 174, 177f, 247, 248, 250
middle 173175, 177f, 247, 250, 251
occlusion of 179
posterior 62, 174, 175, 177f, 248, 249, 251
unpaired anterior 179
Charcot's 190, 191, 249
choroidal
anterior 62, 247
posterior 185, 231
communicating
anterior 248
posterior 247, 249
labyrinthine 248
vertebral, branches of 248f
lenticulostriate 249
of Adamkiewicz 33
of Heubner 249
of lower limb 225f
ophthalmic 247
quadrigeminal 62, 62f
radicular 33, 33f
recurrent 191, 249
spinal
anterior 32, 60, 69f, 247
posterior 33, 60, 247
striate 249
supplying brain 246, 246f
thalamogeniculate 249
thalamoperforating 160
vertebrobasilar 247
Asthenia 137
Astrocytes 10f
Asynergia 137
Ataxia, sensory 137
Athetosis 198
Axolemma 4
Axon 2, 4t
gustatory
second order 122
tertiary 122
Axonotmesis 7
B
Band
of Baillarger, external of 177
of Baillarger, internal 177
Ballismus 198
Barrier
blood-brain 20, 253
structure of 253, 253f
blood-cerebrospinal fluid 238, 238f
blood-nerve 5
Bladder
automatic 223
autonomous 223
evacuation of 30
uninhibited 223
Blood supply 32, 6062, 173, 198, 243
of brain 241
of cerebellum 138f
of midbrain 62f
of pons 61f
of spinal cord, intrinsic 34
Body
amygdaloid 196, 202f, 202fc
cortical connections of 202
nuclear complex 193, 196, 201, 201f
geniculate
lateral 116, 116f, 151, 151fc
medial 119, 151, 151f
juxtarestiform 100
pontobulbar 67
restiform 135
trapezoid 70, 72, 119
Brachium 62
inferior 151f
superior 62, 151f
Brain
development of 13
flexures of 14
parts of 15fc, 252
vesicles, development of 14f
Brainstem 1, 59f, 64, 83f, 124f, 201, 208f, 253
ascending tracts 46
autonomic centres in 211
descending tracts
dorsal aspect of 57f
external features 56
functions of 57
internal features 64
of embryo 82f
reticular formation of 206
ventral aspect of 56f
Brodmann's numbers 173
Bulb, olfactory 110, 111, 112f
afferents of 111f
Bundle
circumolivary 67
medial forebrain 154
of Vicq d'Azyr 206
C
Calamus scriptorius 235
Calcar avis 230
Capsule
internal 186, 187f, 190f, 194f, 195f, 252
arterial supply of 190
relations of 186
location of 188f
parts of 186f, 189f, 190f
subdivisions of 188f
Cauda equina 22f, 27
Cave, Meckel's 91
Cell/s
basket 129, 130
bipolar 114
fusiform 176f
giant pyramidal 176
Golgi 129
granule 129, 130
horizontal 176f
Martinotti 176f
neural stem 8
olfactory receptor 85, 110
Purkinje 129, 131f
pyramidal 176, 176f
Schwann 7, 7f
stellate 129, 130, 176, 176f
Central canal,
destructive lesions of 45f
Cerebellum
arterial supply of 138
ascending tracts 43
connections of 133
functional subdivisions of 128f
functions of 136
grey matter of 128
inferior surface of 125f
lobes of 125
parts of 124
subdivisions of 126, 126f
superior surface of 125f
surfaces of 124
Cerebral aqueduct 16, 228
Cerebrum/Cerebral hemisphere
inferior surface of 169
medial surface of 167f, 169
orbital surface 170
superolateral surface of 252f
tentorial surface 170
Cerebrospinal fluid 235, 236, 237, 239
circulation of 237, 237f
route of 238fc
functions of 238
Cerebrovascular accident 191
Chiasma, optic 116, 117
Chorea
Huntington's 198
Sydenham's 198
Cingulum 183
Circadian rhythm 157, 210
Circle of Willis 248, 249
Circuit of Papez, 206
Circulus arteriosus 248, 248f
Cisterns, subarachnoid 245f, 245t
Claustrum 194f, 196
Collateral eminence 231
Colliculus
facial 71f
inferior 74, 75f, 76fc, 119
connections of 75, 76f
superior 74, 78, 78f
connections of 78fc
Column, magnocellular 207
Commissure
anterior 184, 206
habenular 158, 184
hippocampal 184, 205, 206
of fornix 184, 205, 206
posterior 158, 184
Connections, cerebelloreticular 207, 209fc
Connexus interthalamicus 142
Conus medullaris 22, 22f
Cornu ammonis 204
Corona radiata 186, 187f
Corpora quadrigemina 74
Corpus callosotomy 178
Corpus callosum 169, 184, 185f
structures below 169f
connections of 185
parts of 185, 185f
Corpus striatum 193, 194f, 195f, 202, 252
anterior part of 197f
connections of 195
functions of 196
Cortex
agranular 177
cerebellar 128, 129t, 132
structure of 128, 175
cerebral 135, 164f, 170, 176, 176f, 176t, 180t
arterial supply of 177
laminae of 176, 177f
parts of 183
olfactory
primary 113
secondary 113
parietal 177
polar 177
primal 177
striate 174
visual 78f, 116, 117f
structure 177
Cranium bifidum 14
Crest, neural, derivatives of 17f
Crus cerebri 74
D
Decussation
lemniscal 66
pyramidal, level of 65, 65t, 66t
sensory level of 66, 67f
ventral tegmental 76
Degeneration, hepatolenticular 198
Dermatomes 27
Diaphragma sellae 241, 243
Diencephalon 1, 141, 159f, 201
arterial supply of 160
parts of 141f
Disease
Alzheimer's 206
Buerger's 225
Parkinson's 197, 198, 198f
Raynaud's 224
Wilson's 198
Doctrine, Monro-Kellie 245
Dominance, cerebral 180f
Dysarthria 137
Dysdiadokokinesia 137
E
Eminence, medial 234
Eminentia abducens 61
Encephalocoele 14
Ependyma 228
Epilepsy
intractable 186
severe 178
Epiphysis cerebri 157
Epithalamus 142f, 157
Epithelium, olfactory 110
Equilibrium, disorders of 46
Eye field
frontal 172
occipital
F
Falx cerebelli 241, 242
Fasciculus
arcuate 184
cuneatus 47
fronto-occipital 184
gracilis 43, 47
inferior longitudinal 184
lenticularis 160, 195
medial longitudinal 50, 78, 100, 101f
subthalamic 196
superior longitudinal 184
thalamic 196
uncinate 183
Fibre/s
anterior external arcuate 67, 134
arcuate
external 66
internal 66
association 183
association, long 183
association, short 183
cerebellohypothalamic 134
cerebello-olivary 134
cerebelloreticular 134
cerebellorubral 134
cerebellothalamic 134
cerebellovestibular 134
classification of 6t
climbing 132
coerulocerebellar 134
commissural 184
corticofugal 189
corticohypothalamic 154
corticonuclear 60, 190
corticopetal 188
corticopontine 189
corticoreticular 190
corticorubral 190
corticospinal 65, 190
corticostriate 190
corticothalamic 190
descending 189
autonomic 51
longitudinal 70
extrapyramidal 190
frontopontine 189
hypothalamocerebellar 134
in internal capsule 191t
mossy 132
nonmyelinated 7
occipitopontine 189
of corpus callosum 186f
of limbic region 206
of optic nerve 115, 117
of striae medullares 134
olivocerebellar 134
pallidonigral 196
parallel 131f
parasympathetic 86
parietopontine 189
par-olivocerebellar 134
periventricular 154
pontocerebellar 134
posterior external arcuate 134
preganglionic 226
projection 186, 187f
pyramidal 190
pyramidal, decussating 65
reticulocerebellar 134
serotoninergic 134
somatic afferent 5
supraspinal 226
tectocerebellar 134
temporopontine 189
transverse pontine 70
trigeminocerebellar 134
unmyelinated 213
vestibulocerebellar 134
visceral
afferent 5
efferent 5
Field, visual 115
Filum terminale 22, 22f, 32
Fissura prima 126
Fissure 125
anterior median 25, 36
choroid 204f, 229
hippocampal 204f
longitudinal 163
orbital, superior 86, 88
primary 126
Flexure
cervical 14, 16f
mesencephalic 16f
pontine 16f
Foramen/foramina
caecum 58
interventricular, of Monro 228
intervertebral 25
of Luschka
of Magendie 235
Formation, reticular 207
functions of 209
Fornix 206
Fossa
interpeduncular 62, 152f
rhomboid 234
Fovea
centralis 113
inferior 235
superior 235
Fundus striati 194, 197
Funiculus
anterior 36
lateral
posterior 36
separans 238
G
Ganglion/ganglia
basal 163, 193
cells 115
ciliary 86
coeliac 215
conarii 158
dorsal root 25
geniculate 95, 121fc
inferior
of glossopharyngeal 120
of vagus 121
nodose 121fc
petrous 121fc
trigeminal 91
spiral 119
stellate 213
superior
of glossopharyngeal
of vagus
sympathetic 212
General somatic afferent 84, 86, 90, 103,105
Glands
calcified pineal 162f
lacrimal 221, 226
innervation of 221f
parotid 220, 220f
pineal 157, 157f
sublingual 219, 220f
submandibular 219, 220f
Globus pallidus 193, 195, 196f
Glomeruli
cerebellar, structure of 131f
synaptic 10f
Golgi tendon organ 12f
Granulations, arachnoidal 245
Gyrus/gyri
angular 169
cingulate 169, 201f
dentate 201f, 204, 205f
fasciolaris 201f, 204
medial frontal 169
olfactory, lateral 113
parahippocampal 170, 201f
paraterminal 169, 203
parolfactory 169, 203
rectus 170
semilunaris 111
splenial 204
supramarginal 169
transverse temporal 175
anterior 169, 175f
posterior 169, 175f
H
Haematoma
extradural 243
subdural 244
Haemorrhage
cerebral 190, 191, 249
pontine 71
subarachnoid 249
Hemialexia 186
Hemianopia
bitemporal heteronymous 118
homonymous 118
Hemiplegia/s
alternating 79t
Herniation
subfalcine 242
tonsillar 242
uncal 242
Hippocampus 204, 205, 205f
connections
formation 204
Homunculus
motor 172f
sensory 173f
Hormone, antidiuretic 155, 157
Hydrocephalus 239
noncommunicating 239f
Hypophysis cerebri 156
Hypothalamus 142f, 152, 156, 160
I
Indusium griseum 185, 201f, 204
Insula 167169, 168f
Island of Reil 167
Islands, cerebellar 130
Isthmus 201f
L
Lamina
alar 83t
basal 83, 83t
cribrosa 116
medullary
external 143, 195
internal 143
terminalis 169
Lamination, somatotopic 51
Law, Semon's 105
Lemnisci 70
Ligamenta denticulata 32, 35
Limbic system
components of 200, 200fc
functions of 200
Linea splendens 32
Lobe 165
frontal 167169
damage to 172
limbic 167
occipital 167, 169, 174t
parietal 167169, 174t
temporal 167, 168, 175t
Lobule
paracentral 168, 169, 174
parietal
inferior 168, 174
superior 168, 174
Locus coeruleus 208, 234
Loop, Meyer's 116, 117f, 118
M
Macula lutea 113
Malformation, Arnold-Chiari 236
Mater
arachnoid 32, 241, 244, 245
dura 31
pia 32, 241, 245
Medulla 57f, 59, 84
anterior aspect of 58
parts of 58f
Memory, disorders of 206
Meninges 241
Meningoencephalocoele 14
Meningomyelocoele 15f
Mesostriatal dopamine system 74, 197
Metathalamus 150
Midbrain 1, 57f, 61, 62, 74, 84
anterior aspect of 62
lower part of 75f
parts of 74fc
posterior aspect of 62
syndromes affecting 79t
upper part of 77f
vesicle 14
Monoplegia, faciobrachial 191
Muscle spindle 30, 30f
Myasthenia gravis 11
Myelin sheath 5, 6
functions of 7
Myelination, process of 6
Myelography 17
Myotomes 29
N
Neocerebellum 128
Neopallium 177
Neostriatum 193
Nerve/s
abducent 88, 89f, 90
ciliary, short 86
cranial 81, 81f, 84f, 85
cranial part of accessory 103
dorsal rootlets of 60
facial 71f, 95f, 96f
glossopharyngeal 101, 102f
hypogastric 215
hypoglossal 59, 105, 107f
injuries 7
mandibular 94f, 95
maxillary 91, 92f, 95
oculomotor 79, 86, 86f, 87f, 90
olfactory 85, 110
ophthalmic 91f, 95
optic 83, 85, 116, 117
pelvic splanchnic 215, 217f
peripheral 4, 5f, 6t
classification of 5
structure of 4
presacral 215
spinal 25
spinal accessory 105f
supply
autonomic 218
of dura mater 243
to medial pterygoid 93
sympathetic 218f, 222f
trigeminal 60, 61, 65, 75, 88, 90f, 94f, 95, 95t, 96, 104
trochlear 87, 88f, 90
vagus 95, 103f, 104f
vestibulocochlear 99, 99f
Nervous system 1
anatomical divisions of 1f
autonomic 211, 212f, 212t
central 9fc
classification of 2t
divisions of 1
enteric 218
parasympathetic 226t
peripheral 9fc
sympathetic 226t
Nervus conarii 158
Nervus spinosus 93
Neurapraxia 7
Neurilemma 4, 6
Neurobiotaxis 8
Neuroglia 1, 8
types of 8, 9fc
Neurohypophysis, control of 156
Neuroimaging techniques 17
Neuroma 7
Neuromuscular
block 11
junctions 9
Neuron/s 1, 3f, 8f10f, 176, 212f
afferent autonomic 217f
afferent, primary 43f
autonomic 216
bipolar 4f
classification of 4, 5t
connector 226
first order 42, 119
Golgi 130
granular 176
in cerebellar cortex 129f
lower motor 46f
lesion 49t
multipolar 4f
parasympathetic
postganglionic 215
preganglionic 215, 222
parts of typical 3f
preganglionic 211, 226
postganglionic 211
second order 42, 119, 120
sensory third-order 119
stellate 176
sympathetic
postganglionic 212, 216
preganglionic 212, 213f
third-order 42
types of 4fc
upper motor 46f, 98f
lesion 49t
unipolar 4f
structure of typical 2
Neurotmesis 7
Neurotransmitters 9, 216
of autonomic neurons 217f
Neurulation 14f
Noradrenergic system 208
Notch, preoccipital 165
Nucleus/nuclei 121f
abducent 88
accessory
accumbens 197, 198
ambiguus 103
anterior 153, 157
arcuate 67, 153
basal 163, 193, 195f, 198
caudate 193, 194
central cervical 38, 40
centromedian 145
cochlear
dorsal 119
ventral 119
Deiters’ 99
dorsomedial 40
Edinger-Westphal 76, 86, 218
gustatory 120
habenular 158
hypoglossal 66, 105
hypothalamic 153, 153f
in anterior grey column 37
in grey matter 37
in lateral zone 154
in posterior grey column 37
infundibular 153
intermediolateral 38, 40
intermediomedial 38, 40
interpositus 131
intralaminar 145, 150
lateral
dorsal 149
group of 149
lentiform 193, 194
mamillary 153
medial dorsal 143, 148
mesencephalic 75, 89
midline 150
olivary
oculomotor 76, 86
of cerebellum 128, 131, 136t
of raphe 207
of reticular formation 208f
of solitary tract 66, 96, 103, 122
of thalamus 144f
classification of 145t
of trapezoid body 119
paramedian 207
paraventricular 153
phrenic 40
pontine 68
posteromarginal 38, 39
preoptic 153, 157
pretectal 76
proprius 38, 39, 43
red 76, 79
reticular 158f, 160
roof 131
spinal 60
spinal border 38, 40
spinal reticular 38
subthalamic 160, 193
supraoptic 153
trochlear 75, 87
vagal, dorsal 66
ventromedial 40, 153
vestibular 99, 100f
Nystagmus 137
O
Oligodendrocyte 10f
Olive 59
Operculum
frontoparietal 169
temporal 169
Outflow
craniosacral 216f
thoracolumbar 212
P
Pain
control 210
referred 243
Paleocerebellum 128
Paleopallium 177
Pallidum, ventral 197
Papilloedema 239
Palsy/Paralysis
agitans 198
Bell's 97
bulbar 65
infranuclear 98f
of facial nerve 97
of hypoglossal nerve 107f
of oculomotor nerve 86
of trochlear nerve 87
shaking 198
Pars dorsalis diencephali 141, 142
Pars ventralis diencephali 141, 142
Pathway/s
auditory 119, 120f
cerebellocortical 136
cerebellospinal 135
corticocerebellar 135
corticopontocerebellar 135
corticoreticulospinal 207
efferent autonomic 211
gustatory 120
of special senses 110
olfactory 110, 111f, 112f
olfactory 112f
spinocerebellar 45f
visual 113, 114f, 118f
lesions of 117f, 118
Peduncle/s
cerebellar 132, 133, 133f
inferior 66, 134, 135, 234f
middle 60, 134, 135, 234f
superior 134, 234f
tracts in 134t
cerebral 74
mamillary 154
Pedunculi, basis 74
Pes hippocampi 204
Pinealocytes 158
Planum temporale 178
Plexuses
autonomic 215, 215t
cardiac
deep 215
superficial 215
choroid 231, 233, 235
coeliac 215
hypogastric
inferior 215
superior 215
myenteric 215, 218
pulmonary 215
submucosal 215, 218
Poles 164
Poliomyelitis 40
Pons 1, 57f, 60, 61, 68, 84
anterior aspect of 60
basilar part of 68
lower part of 71, 71f
tegmental part of 70
upper part of 72f, 73
Precuneus 174
Pulvinar 142
Puncture
cisternal 245
lumbar 23
Pupil
constriction of 86
innervation of 219f
Q
Quadriplegia 27
R
Rachischisis, posterior 15f
Radiation
optic 116, 189
thalamic 147f, 189
Receptor
gustatory, structure of 120f
sensory 12, 12f
classification of 12
Recess
infundibular 233
pineal 233
Reflex
Achilles tendon 30
biceps tendon 30
conjunctival 95
corneal 95
deep 30
jaw-jerk 95
lacrimation 95
light, pathway for 89f
monosynaptic spinal 8f
myotatic 30f
patellar tendon 30
polysynaptic spinal 9f
pupillary light 90
sneezing 95
spinal 30
stretch 30t
tendon, triceps 30
types of 7
vestibulo-ocular 78
vomiting 60
Region
mamillary 153
preoptic 153
septal 203
supraoptic 153
tuberal 153
S
Sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral 51
Septum, median, posterior 36
Serotoninergic raphe system 208
Sign
Queckenstedt's 239
Romberg's 46, 137
Sinus
cavernous, thrombosis 243
dural venous 241
superior sagittal, thrombosis 243
venous
anteroinferior dural 244f
posterosuperior dural 243f
Space
epidural 241
extradural 241, 244
subarachnoid 241, 245
subdural 241, 244
subpial 241
Virchow-Robin 246f
Sphincter pupillae 218
Spina bifida 14
Spinal cord
age-wise changes in 23
ascending tracts of 47t
descending tracts of 50t
dimensions of 23
functions of 25
funiculi of 52t
grey columns 38t
internal structure of 37
lesions of 53f
meninges 25, 31, 31f
transection of 54
Spinal segments 26, 26f, 27t
Stratum zonale 143
Stria
habenularis 142, 158
medullaris 60, 234
medullaris thalami 158
olfactory 111, 112f
Striatum, ventral 193, 197
Subcommissural organ 238
Subfornical organ 238
Subiculum 204
Substantia
gelatinosa 38, 39, 39f, 60
nigra 74, 193, 196, 197
Sulcus 165
basilaris 61
central 166
collateral 170
complete 165
frontal, inferior 168
hypothalamic 232
intermediate, posterior 60
intraparietal 168
lateral occipital 169
limitans 16, 16f, 60, 234
limiting 165
median 234
median, posterior 25, 59
occipitotemporal 170
olfactory 170
operculated 165
parieto-occipital 166
postcentral 168
posterolateral 60
rhinal 170
temporal, inferior 168
Sympathectomy
cervicodorsal, preganglionic 224
lumbar 225
Synapses 8
axoaxonal 11f
axodendritic 11f
axosomatic 11f
chemical, types of 11f
classification of 8
Syndrome
anterior spinal artery 34
Benedikt 79f
callosal 186
cerebellar 137
Dejerine's anterior bulbar 69
flocculonodular 137
Foville 72f, 73
Horner's 219, 224
Kleine-Levin 157
locked-in 61
medial medullary 69, 69f
medullary, causes lateral 69f
Millard-Gubler 73, 73f
Raymond 73, 73f
split brain 186
stroke 191
thalamic 150
Wallenberg 69
Weber's 79f
Syringomyelia 43, 45f
T
Tabes dorsalis 44f
Tactile anomia, left 186
Taenia thalami 142
Tanycytes 238
Tectum 74
Tegmentum 74
Tela choroidea 142, 233f
Tentorial surfaces 165
Tentorium cerebelli 124, 241, 242
Test
Rinne's 101
Weber's 101
Thalamus 141, 142f, 143f, 146, 146f, 158f, 194f
dorsal 141
internal structure of 143
lateral part of 148
parts of 146
Thromboangiitis obliterans 225
Tongue, deviation of 107f
Torticollis 107f
Tracts
ascending 41
corticospinal 40, 48, 79
anterior 48
lateral 48
cuneocerebellar 134
descending 46
extrapyramidal 49
geniculocalcarine 116
habenulopineal 158
intersegmental 54
Lissauer, of 43
mamillothalamic 206
medial reticulospinal 49
medial vestibulospinal 50, 100
olfactory 111, 112f
olivospinal 50f, 51
optic 116
paraventriculohypophyseal 155f, 156
propriospinal 54
pyramidal 48
raphespinal 51
reticulospinal 50f
rubrospinal 49
solitariothalamic 121f, 122
spinocerebellar
spino-olivary 47
spinoreticular 47
spinospinal 54
spinotectal 47
spinothalamic 40
supraopticohypophyseal 156, 155f
tectospinal 49
ventral spinocerebellar 134
vestibulospinal 50f
extrapyramidal 49
solitariothalamic 121f, 122
spinospinal 54
Transcranial Doppler
ultrasonography 19
Triangle
hypoglossal 235
vagal 235
Trigone, habenular 158
Tube, neural 12, 16f, 21
anomalies of 15f
formation of 12
Tubercle/s
cuneate 59
gracile 59
Tuberculum cinereum 60
Tunnel vision 118
U
Uncus 170
Urinary bladder 223, 226
innervation of 224f
V
Vallecula 125
Vasocorona, arterial 32
Veins 252, 253
cerebral
inferior 252
superficial middle 252
superior 252, 252f
great cerebral 252f
thalamostriate 142
striate, superior 252
superficial 252t
Velum, medullary
anterior/superior 233
inferior /posterior 233
Venous drainage 34, 34f, 251, 252
Ventricle/s
fourth
lateral 228
of brain, development of 15, 16f
third
Vermis 124
subdivisions of 128f
Vestibulocerebellum 128
Villi, arachnoid 245
Visceral
afferent 84, 90, 95, 103
control 209
W
White matter
of cerebellum 131
of cerebral hemispheres 183
of cerebrum 20f
tracts in 40
Z
Zona incerta 160
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