A
ABC model 830f
Absolute insulin deficiency 8
Absorbance spectroscopy 235
Acellular collagen matrix 606
Acetoacetate 544
Acetohexamide 468
Acid-base metabolism 465
Acini 52
Acquired ichthyosiform changes 534
Acquired lipodystrophy with insulin resistance 144
Acquired perforating dermatoses 532
Acquired syndrome in diabetes 140
Actinoplanus utahences 299
Activator protein-1 445
Acute graft versus host reaction 558
Adenovirus 10
Adequate calorie intake 664
Adequate wound care 621
Adipocyte fatty acids 72
Adipokine hormone leptin 103
Adiponectin 180
Adrenal carcinoma 122
Adrenal pheochromocytoma, left 127f
Adrenal steroidogenesis inhibitors 123
Adrenergic receptors deactivate adenyl cyclase 41
Adrenocortical insufficiency, primary 129
Advocacy, meaning of 854
AEIOU approach 833fc
Agoraphobia 823
Aircast pneumatic walker 646f
Akkermansia muciniphila 95
Alanine aminotransferase 517
Alarnunts 901
Albumin excretion rate 443
Alcoholic pancreatitis 136t
Aldose reductase inhibitor 437
Alemtuzumab 799
Alginate 404
Allelic structure 353
Allergy, local 362
Allogeneic islet cell transplantation 800
Allorejection 799
Alopecia, diffuse 531
Alpha adrenergic receptor gene 78
Alpha amylase inhibition 266
Alpha linoleic acid 264
Aluminum intoxication, risk of 466
Alzheimer's disease 725
Ambient hyperinsulinemia 484
Aminoguanidine 438
Amit Jain's classification 620
Amitriptyline 439
Ammonia 67
Amnesia 747
Amprenavir 572
Amputation, pathway to 648fc
agonism 410
antagonizes obesity, plasma level of 410
emerging actions of 410f
increases 411
modulates 410
stimulates cyclic adenosine monophosphate 409
structure 409f
Anabolic hormone 69
causes of 667
in diabetes 667
etiology of 669
etiopathology of 669
in metabolic disorders 669
management of 669t
treatment of 669
Angioplasty 606
Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial 499
Anhydroglucitol 202
Anion gap metabolic acidosis 546t
Antepartum glycemic control 691
Antianerobic antibiotic agents 622
Antiarrythmics 116
Antibiotic 622
regimen, choice of 622
selection, culture specific targeted 622
therapy, selective 626
Antibody abatacept 793
Anticoagulatory protocols 406
Anticonnective tissue growth factor antibody 450
Antidiabetic medication during Ramadan, adjustment of 754
Antidiabetics with action profile, classes of 378t
Anti-fibrotic actions 450
Antigen specific treatment 84
Anti-HIV drugs, events of 571
Antihypertensive treatment, effect of 498
Anti-insulin receptor antibodies 8
Anti-islet autoantibodies 82
Antimetabolite 790
Antiprotozoal agent 119
Antipsychotic medications, unconventional 117
Antipsychotics, atypical 116
Antiretroviral therapy, highly active 571
Aortic aneurysmal disease 204
Aphasia, transient 747
Apoproteins 65
Appendicitis 792
Arched foot 643f
Arcuate nucleus 154
Areolar tissue, loose 613
Aripiprazole 117
Aristaless-related homeobox 54
Armamentarium 76
Arogya World-mHealth Program 863
Arterial blood gas tests 510
Arterial disease, nonreconstructible 611
Arterial stiffness 478
Arteriopathy 619
Arthritis, disabling 721
Arylhydrocarbon receptor agonists 87
Asparagus adscendens 526
Aspartate aminotransferase 517
Aspergillus fumigatus 457
Aspirin 479
Atazanavir 572
Atheroembolic renal disease 458
Atherosclerotic markers, preclinical 478
Athlete's foot 652
ATP-binding cassette proteins 43
Atrial fibrillation 508
Atrial natriuretic peptide 126
Atypia 439
Autoimmune
diabetes of adults, latent 789
diseases 146
hepatitis 517
mediated destruction of β cells 23
Autoimmunity 95
Autonomic
function tests, quantitative 437
innervation of liver 154
nerve function 578
activation of 73
in diabetic feet 579f
management of 440t
Autophagy 48
Auxiliary nurse midwife 869
Avanafil 525
Avosentan 450
Azotemia 620
B
Back pain 320
Bacteremia 616
Bacteroides 631
B-adrenergic agonists epinephrine 119
Baker's yeast 334
Ballooning degeneration 517
Barbiturate 282
Bardoxolone methyl 450
Bare foot technique 595
Bariatric and metabolic surgery, exponential growth of 173
Bariatric surgery 173
advantages 174
complications 180
indications 174
operative procedures 176
type of 176t
Barium study 440
Barley malt 266
Basal infusion 342f
Basal pulsatile secretion 44
Basal insulin plus oral antidiabetic drugs 341
Basiliximab 799
Basophilic basal cytoplasm 55f
Beck depression inventory 826
Bedtime blood sugar 186
Behavior change communication 869
Behavioral therapy 250
Berardinelli-Seip syndrome 144f
Beta agonists 116
Beta antagonist 116
Beta bionics 814
Beta blockers 499
after bariatric surgery 45
defect 98
dysfunction 46
acts 110t
exhaustion 273
generation of 49f
granules 59f
mass 39
preservation 44
protection 304
secreting insulin 54
stress mechanisms 47f
Bidirectional screening 870
Bihormonal disorder 73
Bilateral disease 457
Bile salts 180
Biliary tract disease 181
Biocarbonate 550
Bioimpedance spectroscopy 236
Biomedical factors 818
Biomicro-electromechanical systems 785
Biosynthesis 73
Biotech medicines 414t
Biothesiometer 594f
Biotin 266
Biphasic insulin 762
Birth weight 100
Bisphenol A 87
Bladder cancer 296
Bladder dysfunction 440
Blastocyst, inner cell mass of 804
Blindness, premature 208
Block amylin activity 409
average 737
control of 553
frequently, monitor 367
high 747
in diabetes
in pregnancy, self-monitoring of 672b
self-monitoring of 184
in Ramadan, self-monitoring of 759
management 657
measurement of 190
self-monitoring of 184, 185, 185f, 186–188, 188f, 190, 234, 343, 346, 358, 372, 373, 656, 671, 739, 753, 768, 770, 780, 851
target 557
testing 370
tools for self-monitoring of 188
value chain, self-monitoring of 185
variations of 746
average 470
Blunt trauma 135
Body fat 681
Bombyxin 36t
Bone infection osteomyelitis in diabetic foot 625
Bone test 618
Borderline personality disorder 176
Bowel obstructions, small 181
Bradykinin, levels of 499
Brain
damage, irreversible 798
derived neurotropic factor 773
herniation 551
ischemia 551
neurotransmitter dysfunction 329
window of 154
Brewer's yeast 266
Bromocriptine mesylate 471
Bronchiectasis 138
Bronchopulmonary infections 792
Bronzed diabetes 131
Budesonide 874
Buffalo hump 572f
Bullosa diabeticorum 532
Bupropion 826
Burn 654
C
Cadaver kidney transplantation 790
Cadaveric donors 802
Café-au-lait spots 113
Calcitriol, acute administration of 464
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase 45
Calgranulin 901
Calliphora vomitoria 35
Callosities 621
Caloric restriction 767
Calories 365
Camp sensor 44
Capillary blood glucose 692
Capillary electrophoresis 201
Capillary glucose values 11
Capsaicin 438
absorption, reduced 266
acting 903
counting meal planning 254
defect of 718
disturbances of 7
low 253
responsive element-binding protein 484
Carcinoid tumor 123
Cardiac and renal function 603
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging 217
Cardiac surgery 558
Cardio-metabolic diseases 89
Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy 210
Cardiovascular
death 503
effective prevention of 421
history of 12
preexisting 295
evaluation trial 301
cumulative rate of 790
outcomes
evaluation of 388
with sitagliptin, trial evaluating 306
risk reduction 503
Carney complex 123
Cassia nomame 266
Cast/footwear modification 607
Catecholamines 116
Cefuroxime 631
Celiac disease 519
Cell
apoptosis 47f
based tolerogenic therapy 84
clusters 52
damage 799
mitosis, role of 45f
organelles in diabetes, role of 46
proliferation, drivers of 45
Cellular mechanism 901
Cellulitic and necrotic foot, stage of 643
Central nervous system 698
Central plantar space abscess 616
Ceramide 180
Cereal fiber 89
Cerebrovascular
complications, risk of 509
diagnosis of 509
in diabetes mellitus, pathogenesis of 509fc
management of 510
pathological mechanism of 508
Ceroid bodies 59f
C-fiber pain 438
Chemotaxis, defective 584
Chennai Urban Population Study 18
Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study 18
Child-Pugh scores 306
Chlordiazepoxide 519
Chlorogenic acid 266
Chlorthalidone 499
Cholecystitis 150
Cholecystokinin 411
Cholelithiasis 518
Cholestasis 698
Cholestipol 472
Cholestyramine 472
Chondroitin sulfate 606
Chorion 803
Chromatography 201
Chromogranin 57
Chromosomal breakage syndrome 113
Chromosome 12 in human beings 409
Chronic alcoholism 458
Chronic care model 885
Chronic dialysis 737
Chronic kidney disease 209, 213, 214, 295, 306, 306t, 392, 394t, 396, 396t, 468, 471, 471t, 472t, 669
management 473t
Chylomicrons 154
Ciclosporin 796
Cilastazole 606
Ciprofibrate 472
Cisapride 519
Citalopram 826
Clarithromycin 282
Clindamycin 631
Clobetasol 532
Clock genes 826
Clomiphene citrate resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome 289
Clomipramine 439
Clonidine 438
Clonogenic trait serve 803
Clopidogrel 282
Clozapine 117
Cockup deformity 614
Cohen syndrome 164
Colesevelam 472
Collaborative transplant study 790
Coma 747
Communicable diseases 567
Complex multiple genetic polymorphisms 78
Complex syndromes 98
Complex therapeutic schedule 819
Confusion malaise 620
Congenital hypothyroidism 698
Congenital lipodystrophies 102t
Congenital malformation 680
Congenitally absent adipose tissue 102
Conjugated linoleic acid 266
Consciousness, level of 547
Conservative treatment, indications for 626
Contact lens, digital 812
Contamination peritoneal dialysis 465
accuracy 193
implications 192
indications 194
interpretation 194
limitations 199
satisfaction scale 239
cost-effectiveness of 234
types 192
Contraceptive options 683t
Corneal confocal microscopy 437
Corpora cavernosa spongy tissue 522
Corticotropin, unknown source of 122
Cosmetic adverse effects of hirsutism 118
Cough 311
Counter-regulatory hormone activity 704
C-peptide levels 119
Cranial nerve palsies 547
Cranial nerve, ocular manifestation of 433
Creatine phosphokinase 623
Crystalline insulin 892
Cullen's sign 134
Cutaneous adverse drug reactions 538
Cyanobacterium spirulina maxima 35
Cyclic polypeptide 118
Cytoplasm 59f
Cytoplasmic lipid inclusions 59
Cytoprotection 901
Cytoskeleton facilitating insulin release, reorganisation of 45f
D
Darunavir 572
Dawn phenomenon 781
De novo lipogenesis 154
Deaminatedgliadin peptide 519
Debridement necrosectomy 624
Dehydrogenase 901
Dendritic cells 355f
Denial and substance abuse 829
Depression scale, self-rating 729
Deranged blood sugar levels 747
Dermagraft 606
Dermal-epidermal junction 405
Dexcom continuous glucose monitoring system 812
Dextromethorphan 438
Diabetes 46, 94, 95, 98, 101, 134, 136, 137, 147, 204, 208, 212, 221, 233, 241, 258, 334, 340, 512, 513f, 560, 567, 587, 600, 612, 634, 654t, 657, 678, 689, 708, 726–728, 836
advocacy 854
after transplantation 558
anxiety and depressive disorders, etiological links between 825
characteristics of 242
chronic complications of 739
classification of 7
coma 541
controlling 742
coping skills for 829
current classification of 7
depressive disorders in 824
diagnostic test for 11
drug induced 115
educating patients with 740
etiology of 86
familial investigation of 447
global burden of 15f
highest prevalence of 17f
history of 1
immunological treatment of 84
immunology of 84
in disaster survivors 901
insurance claims for 887
maturity onset 106
monogenic
causes of 78
forms of 79t
numerical data for 881f
person living with 854
preclinical 356
preconception 676
prepregnant 665
problem areas in 897
quantification of economic burden 882
risk of 87
risk stratification of people with 736
shoes for patients with 655f
socioeconomic burden of 878
specific types of 9
stages of progression of 81
structured monitoring in 185
suffering from 887
Tsunami of 656
warning signs of 260b
well-controlled 760
Diabetes and cerebrovascular disease 508
Diabetes and chronic kidney disease 667
Diabetes and dental caries 513
Diabetes and extreme sports 852
Diabetes and feet 647
Diabetes and heart failure 503
Diabetes and running tips, general 851
Diabetes and sexual dysfunction 521
Diabetes and tuberculosis 568
Diabetes awareness and education 860
Diabetes distress 818
diagnosis of 819
etiology of 818
strategies to manage 821
techniques to manage 821
Diabetes during disaster, people living with 902
Diabetes in elderly 718
aging 718
assessment of complications 719
complications 724
diagnosis 719
epidemiology 718
lifestyle factors 719
management 720
nonpharmacological treatment 720
pathogenesis 719
pharmacological treatment 721
Diabetes in space medicine 773
Diabetes in youth, types of 703t
Diabetes IQ mobile app 815
aims of 357
benefits of mobile apps in 816b
gadgets for 813f
guidelines during Ramadan 771
in shift workers 842
plan, part of 246
psychological aspects in 242
system, telemedicine-based 812
tasks 898
Diabetes medication adjustments 848
Diabetes mellitus 1, 79, 97, 105, 108, 121, 122, 140, 141, 208, 216, 263, 352, 353, 392, 396, 433, 454, 458, 571, 573, 576, 630, 669, 687, 704, 708, 712, 726, 768, 802, 854
cutaneous findings of 534
dermatological manifestations of 530f
diagnosis of tuberculosis in 569
endocrine causes of 121
epidemiology
etiologic classification of 8
in menopause 712
in tuberculosis patients, diagnosis of 568
management of 506
maturity onset 105
ocular associations of 433
pharmacotherapy
post-transplantation 395
presence of 442
prevalence of 612
prevention of 266t
secondary 122t
treatment of 143
Tsunami and 901
Diabetes outcome progression trial 294
Diabetes questionnaire, problem areas in 820
Diabetes reduction assessment 294
Diabetes related dyslipidemias, management of 486
Diabetes resolution 179
Diabetes secondary 702
Diabetes self-management education 811
Diabetes sports tips 851
Diabetic amputation, causes of 648
Diabetic amyotrophy 719
Diabetic carotenemia 535
Diabetic cheiroarthropathy 534
Diabetic control 690
Diabetic diet, components of 254
Diabetic enteropathy 519
and education 649
and evaluation techniques 587
clinic 598
disease 647
evaluation of 620
evaluation, role of X-ray in 597
high-risk 647
history of 638t
controls of 600f
metabolic control of 603
offloading and footwear for management of 630
offloading for 639
problems 587
risk factors 648
risk stratification 638
role of surgery in 607
stage of 645
surgery in infected 610
surgical
categories in 624
management of 600
antibiotic therapy of 622b
debrided 622
diagnosis of 603
epidemology 612
multidisciplinary approach 627
pathophysiology 613
treatment for 620
wound score 620
Diabetic gastroparesis 518
Diabetic glomerular lesion 446
Diabetic glomerulopathy, recurrence of 791
Diabetic hepatopathy 516
Diabetic infections, clinical severity of 623t
Diabetic ketoacidosis 110, 115, 134, 541, 544, 473, 549, 552, 569, 659, 702, 736, 739, 747, 752, 767, 779
classification 541
diagnosis of 542t
epidemiology 542
hyperventilation of 356
incidence of 901
laboratory evaluation 545
management, treatment flow of 548t
pathogenesis 542
prevention of 367
recurrent 781
signs 545
symptoms 545
triad of 541f
Diabetic macular edema 296
Diabetic microvascular complications, epidemiology of 419
Diabetic milliue 660
development of 446f
emerging new agents in 450
familial and genetic variants in 447
pathogenesis of 442
pathophysiology of 446f
phases of 443t
prevention of 447
risk factors 422
epidemiology of 19
management of 435
risk factors 423
screening of 648f
symptom score 209
treat painful 439t
Diabetic ophthalmopathy 725
Diabetic patient
anti-diabetic drugs in 471t
with foot infection, evaluation of 620
with microalbuminuria 448
with normoalbuminuria 447
with osteomyelitis of foot, treatment of 626b
Diabetic pregnancy 686
Diabetic pruritus 534
incidence 420
management 431
pathogenesis 430
prevalence 419
progress of 791
risk factors 420
sight-threatening 419
study, early treatment of 419
time trends 420
Wisconsin epidemiological study of 419
Diabetic self-management education 242
Diabetic subgroup of hypertension optimal treatment 498
Diabetic thick skin 534
Diabetic ulcer severity score 619
Diabetic walker, prefabricated 645
Diabetic women, pregnancies of 659
Diabetic wounds, chronic nonhealing 622
Dialysis membrane 465
Diamicron modified-release controlled evaluation 510
Diapedesis 584
Diarrhea 311
Diastolic blood pressure 498
Dicloxacillin 631
Didmoad syndrome 103
Diet 753
and exercise 470
and fluid intake in ramadan 742
and meal plan 658
in air 846
modification, role of 449
Diethylstilbestrol 87
Digestive gland, accessory 52
Dihydropyridine 499
Dihydrotestosterone 708
Dilutional hypoferremia 667
Dilutional hyponatremia 546
Dioxins 87
Directly observed treatment short-course 567
Disaster and diabetes 900
Disaster induced stress diseases, pathogenesis of 900
Disaster plan 902fc
Discharge drugs management, protocol for 566
Discharge recommendations 565b
Disordered sensorium 356
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder 823
Distress of change, minimization of 821
Diuretics 116
Dizygotic twin 353
Dizziness 747
Docosahexaenoic acid 663
Dolutegravir 572
Donor kidney transplants 797
Dorsal bud 52
Dorsalis pedis arteries 577
Drug
antidepressant 116
antidiabetic 468t
antidyslipidemia 471
antiepileptic 439
anti-HIV 571
antihyperglycemic 470
antiretroviral 571
antitubercular 874
chemical 414t
effects on pharmacokinetics of 466
generic 416
Duodenal-ileal interposition 178f
Duodenoduodenostomy 790
Duodenoileostomy, single anastomosis 174
Duplex ultrasonography 219
Duplex ultrasound 524
Durable pumps and patch pumps 777
Dyck's clinical staging 437t
Dynamic infusion cavernosometry 524
Dysmorphism 113
Dyspepdia 311
Dysthymia 824
E
Economic burden of diabetes
direct costs 878
disease economy 881
indirect costs 878
management of complications 878
quality of life analysis 879
Economic transition, aspects of 868
Ecthyma gangrenosum 536f
Ectopic ACTH syndrome 122
Ectopic pancreatic islet cell tumor 123
Educating health care providers 740
Efastenol 725
Efavirenz 572
Eicosapentaenoic acids 663
Electrocardiography 216
Electrochemical techniques 236
Electrolyte disturbances 620
Electronic glomerular filtration rate 221
Embryonic pancreas 55
Embryonic stem cells 804
Emotion-focused response 831
Employees State Insurance Scheme 886
Employees with diabetes, guidelines about 843
Employment and diabetes 841
Emtricitabine 572
End organ evaluation 683
Endocrine 52
causes 122t
cell 57f
model of 61
trabeculae of 57f
disrupter 87
chemicals contamination 87
function 52
neoplasia
multiple 122
type 1, multiple 123
cells, development of 54
syndromes, miscellaneous 131
tumor 62
Endogenous pathway 66
Endothelial progenitor cells 205
Endothelin I stimulation 497
Endothelium-derived contracting factors 205
Endovascular procedures 792
Enfuvirtide 572
Entamoeba histolytica 457
Enterohormones 179
Enteropathy 698
Enteroviruses 354
Entrapment syndromes 435
EntX-linked syndrome 698
Enuresis 363
Enzymatic amperometric glucose biosensors 235
Epigenetics, role of 79
Epilepsy 363
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition 445
Epsilon cells 40
Equal employment opportunity commission 842
and diabetes 521
evaluation of severity of 524
in diabetes
evaluation of 523
pathogenesis of 522
pathophysiology of 522f
severity of 524f
treatment of 524
Ertapenem 622
Erythematous 625
Erythromycin 631
Esophageal disorders 518
Essential medicine list 872
Estrogen receptor agonists 87
Etanercept 799
Ethambutol 569
Ethnicity, non-white 576
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 202
Etomidate 123
Etravirine 572
Euglycemia 134
Eustress 259
and sports activity prescription for diabetic 850
benefits of 247
in diabetics 249
in management of diabetes, role of 246
in type 2 diabetes mellitus, types of 248
regular 607
risks of 250
therapy 250
Exogenous pathway 66
Exophthalmos 125
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases 623
Extensive dermatophytosis 531
Extracellular regulated protein kinases 445
Extracted maggots 592f
Extreme sports 852
F
Facial lipoatrophy 572f
False elevated serum creatinine 547
Familial somatotropinoma, isolated 123
Faster acting insulin aspart 782
Fasting caloric restriction, intermittent 767
Fasting glycemia, prevalence of impaired 902
Fasting high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 449
Fasting lipids 155
Fasting postprandial 484
Fatigue 819
Feeling cold 747
Felbamate 439
Felted foam dressings 644f
Female genital mycotic infections 320
Female sanitary supplies 903
Female sexual dysfunction 521
in diabetes 527
evaluation of 527
treatment of 527
in diabetic women, pathogenesis of 527
Ferric carboxymaltose 669
Fetoplacental-maternal unit 678
Fever 620
Fiabetic foot management, principle of 638
Fibric acid derivatives 472
Fibrillary internal matrix 59
Fibroblastic cells 804f
Fibroconnective tissue containing vessels 55
Finegoldia magna 625
Finger pebbles 535
Fissures in calluses 584
Fix fasting first 347
Fixed dose combination, use of 892
Flank discoloration 134
Flavonoids 265
Flucloxacillin 631
Fluid
and dietary intake in Ramadan 742b
replacement therapy 549
retention and edema 296
severity of 549
Fluorescence technology 235
Fluvastatin 472
Folate supplements 669
Folic acid 658
Folmoterol for asthma 874
Foot
abscess, mid 615
and wound, classification of 604t
appliance, selecting appropriate 639
calluses and ulceration, distal 614
care, tips for 655
complications, prevention of 598
dorsum of 616
fractures 581
high arched 643
lesions, progression of 613
normal 639
of diabetic patient with foot ulcer 633f
offloading of 639
osteomyelitis 613
pulses 577
risk stratification 649f
trauma, minor 630
Foot pressure 621
Foot ulcer
anatomic location of 576
classification of 630
history of 581
locations of 576
management of 630
signs of 630
symptoms of 630
therapeutic and surgical intervention in 604t
Footwear
characteristics of 639
for patient with forefoot amputation 589f
for risk category 1 640f
in management of diabetic foot, role of 634
modifications and designs 601f
of diabetic patient 639
selection 638
with silicone heels stitched 588f
Fore-gut hypothesis 179
Fosamprenavir 572
Fragile X syndrome 164
Fructose 202
Fruit fly drosophila 35
Frykberg classified procedures 607
Fuel mediated teratogenesis 159
Fulminant herpes zoster 531
Functional islet cells 799
Fundus examination 682
Fundus fluorescein angiography 429
Fungal metabolites 265
Fungus infections 614
G
Gabapentin 439
Gadgets 812
Gait 581
Gamma-amino butyric acid 39
Gamma-interferon 8
Gangliocytoma 123
Gangliosides modulate 180
Gangrenous changes in diabetic 536f
Gas gangrene 610
Gastric bypass 177
Gastric parietal cells 55
Gastric plication 174
Gastric sensory receptors, satiety-induced 180
Gastrin 55
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, prevalence of 518
Gastrogastric fistula 181
Gastrointestinal
adverse effects 876
diseases 169
disorders in diabetes 516
malignancies 518
tract 404
Gastrojejunal anastomosis 181
Gatifloxicin 119
Gel permeation chromatography 35
Gender distribution 14
Genetic analysis, technology in 166
Genetic architecture of obesity 163
Genetic diagnosis for obesity 166
Genetic insulin resistance syndromes, classification of 112t
Genetic landscape of diabetes 77
Genetic models of hypertension 447
Genetic mutation 79
Genetic polymorphisms 78
Genital fungal infections 107
Gestational diabetes mellitus 7, 8, 10, 27, 27t, 28–30, 30f, 31f, 289, 300, 344, 662, 671, 678, 678t, 679, 681, 682, 688, 689, 691, 692t, 701, 749, 768
age-adjusted prevalence of 29f
diagnostic protocol of 681f
effect of 679
epidemiology of 27
global prevalence of 29
risk factors for 28t
Strategy Program 30
treatment protocol of 681f
Gestational impaired glucose tolerance 679
Gestational thyrotoxicosis 125
Gila monster 311f
Gingival recessions, development of 514
Ginkgo biloba 526
Glasgow Coma Scale 547
Glioma 123
Glomerular capillary hypertension 446
Glomerular changes, markers of 444
Glomerular hypertrophy 445
Glomerular injury 446
action of 73
antagonist 75
emergency kits 814
functions 73
kit 845
nonsuppression 73
peptide-1 310
receptor antagonists 75
failure of 74
Glucagon-like peptide-1 763t
agonist 386
in human physiology 309
receptor 45
combination therapy of 387
development of 310
long-acting 312
pharmacokinetics properties of 386
safety of 388t
with basal insulin 385
Gluco-lipo toxicity 44
Glucomannan 266
Glucometer strips 903
Gluconic acid concentration 786
Glucophage 286
Glucosamine-6-phosphate 206
6-phosphatase 117
across cell membrane, transport of 64
algorithm regulation 554
control in inpatient setting 561t
dependent insulinotropic
peptide 323
polypeptide 45
exchange list 255
flux of 437
gel 845
hypothesis 184
in pregnancy 678
load 115
lowering drugs 168
disorders of 573
benefits of continuous 197
bluetooth enabled continuous 363
devices 812
future of 234
superimposed continuous 195f
system 234
technologies 364
types of continuous 192
pattern insights 196f
phosphorylation 107
production 116
regulation, impaired 818
sensing particle 785
sensor 814
sugar charting, self-monitoring of 665
summary, daily 198f
tolerance
test 12
Glucosidases 299
Glucotoxicity 46
Glutamate, antagonism of 439
Glutathione insulin transhydrogenase 72
Glycemia in diabetes, regulation of 295
Glycemic excursions, patterns of 197
Glycemic load 255
Glycerol 766
Glycogenolysis 125
Glycosaminoglycans 450
Glycosphingolipids 180
Glycosylated hemoglobin 169, 184, 200, 202, 255, 281, 283, 294, 305t, 311, 324, 327, 346, 348, 387, 388, 470, 560, 568, 682, 683, 746
decrease of 662
factors affecting 200
formation of 200
levels 746
lowering of 246
measuring 672
monitoring 672
reduced 778
targets 202
uncontrolled 818
Goiter 126f
Gonadal hormones 708
Gonadotropin-secreting tumors, chronic 125
Good bedside manners 856
Graft rejection 802
Gray's anatomy 52
Growth factor, role of 431
Guanalyl cyclase activators and stimulators 526
Guanosine monophosphate 525
Guanosine triphosphate 522
Guardian mobile 363
Gum hyperplasia 118
Gut microbial flora 91
Gut microflora 180
H
Hajj 846
Half-shoes 632
Hallus valgus 589f
Hallux deformity 639
Hallux ulcers, bilateral 608f
Hallux valgux deformity 580f
Halobetasol 532
Hamartoma 123
Handy source of energy 151
Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome 259
Hansen's disease 578
Haptoglobin 81
Heal ulcers 601f
Heal wedge 642f
Health behaviors 898
Health centers, network of 886
Health infrastructure and treatment providers 884
Health services in India 886
Healthcare team, experience of 359
Heart and estrogen/progestin replacement study 715
Heart diseases 726
Heart failure 710
chronic 479
drug avoidable in 505
in diabetics 504
etiopathogenesis 504
incidence 503
prevalance 503
treatment strategies for 504
management of 504
progression of 710
Heart stress 902
Heloderma suspectum 311
Helpful hints 903
Helping B cell 107
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation 805
Hematuria 455f
Hemiplegia, transient 747
Hemodialysis 464
Hemodynamic changes 430
Hemodynamic instability, presence of 506
Hemoglobin 200
Hemorrhagic callus 650
Hepatic
artery, right 54
disease 392
fibrosis 698
function 554
tests 510
gluconeogenesis 463
inhibition of 287
glucose 154
glycogen stores 766
role of proopiomelanocortin in 155
necrosis 517
resistance 787
steatosis 516
Hepatobiliary complications 138
Hepatocellular carcinoma 518
Hepatogenous diabetes 518
Hereditary pancreatic hypoplasia 147
Hereditary syndromes with diabetes 140
Herpes zoster along thoracic dermatome 535f
Heterotopia 60
Heterotopic transplantation method 797
Heterozygous inactivating mutation 107
Hexokinase 901
Hexosamine pathway 206
Hind gut hypothesis 179
HLA matched donor 802
Homeopathic systems of medicine 886
Honeymoon phase 374
Hormonal disorders 527
Hormone excess 123
Hospital anxiety and depression scale 826
Hospital versus ambulatory stabilization 357
Human deoxyribonucleic acid 94
Human hair 813
Human incretin hormone 722
Human intravenous immunoglobulin 438
Human keratinocytes 606
Human regular insulin 675
Human therapeutic concentrations 119
Hyaline membrane disease 680
Hydramnios 676
Hydration and fluid therapy 549
Hydration, level of 554
Hydrogels 603
Hydrogen peroxide 47
Hygiene hypothesis 95
Hyperandrogenism 102
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy 605
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis 551
Hyperferritinemia 667
Hyperglycemia 119, 122, 150, 204–206, 234, 370, 473, 509, 510, 610b, 541, 542, 560, 561, 566, 583, 697, 718, 736, 737, 739, 747, 752, 765t, 767
acute 115
alternating episodes of 473
and adverse pregnancy 12
causing cancer 733
control of 437
development of 151
diagnosis of inpatient 560
drug induced 115
during pregnancy 687t
earlier moderate 737
in postoperative period, management of 556
in sepsis, pathophysiology of 151
infections 527
long-term 630
lowering of 373
mediated vascular dysfunction 205f
moderate 760
pathogenesis of perioperative 554
perioperative management of 553
predisposes 107
presence of 558
prevalence of 553
prevention of 573
principles of management 554
risk of drug-induced 115
symptoms of 743
treating stress-induced 152
trigger molecular pathways 446
trigger pancreatic insulin 900
types of 560
uncontrolled 585
Hyperglycemic coma 115
Hyperglycemic state, development of 115
Hyperinsulinism 107
Hyperkeratosis 614
Hyperosmolar nonketotic syndromes 659
Hyperphosphatemia 466
Hyperpigmentation 131
Hypersensitivity reaction 417
and diabetes mellitus 496
pathophysiology 496
pharmacotherapy 499
detection and follow up program 498
endpoint reduction in 499
optimal treatment 497
presence of 9
progression of 689
treatment of 497
Hypertensive control 603
Hypertonic saline 551
Hypoglycemia 168, 169, 255, 272, 300, 309, 320, 358, 362, 367, 370, 375, 403, 473, 551, 659, 705, 724, 736, 737, 739, 747, 755, 765t, 767, 796, 850, 852
alternating episodes of 473
episodes of 874
hospitalization, severe 659
incidences of 561
less 674
minor 320
moderate 403
prevalence of 464
recurrent severe 796
unpredictability of 363
Hypogonadism 708
diagnosis of late-onset 709
in diabetes, pathophysiology of 727
symptoms consistent with 728b
treatment of late-onset 710
Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 729
Hypo-HDL-cholesterolemia 494
Hypoinsulinemia 481
Hypokalemia 551
Hypothalamic pituitary dysfunction 729
Hypothyroidism 122
Hypotriglyceridemia 481
I
Iatrogenic hypoglycemia, risk of 152
Idiopathic diabetes 8
Idiopathic hyperaldosteronism 129
Idiopathic membranous nephropathy 456
Iliopancreatic diversion 176
Illness, acute 737
Imipramine 439
Immediate diagnostic tests 510b
Immune dysregulation 698
Immune fluorescence confocal microscopy 40
Immune inflammation 83
Immune response, effect of 417
Immune system cells, damaging 818
Immune-mediated diabetes, forms of 8
Immunogenicity 417
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy 456
Immunologic barriers 792
Immunosuppressant drugs, effect of 797
Immunosuppressive therapy 792
Implantable pumps, types of 785
Inadequate calorie intake, implication of 774
Incretin based therapies 705
Incretion based agents 450
Indapamide 499
Indian food chart 256f
Indian National Consensus Group Guidelines 349
Indian Public Health Standards 891
Infected foot, clinical evaluation of 618
Infected wounds, clinically 622
Inflammatory cells 625
Inflammatory disease, chronic 512
Infliximab 416
Influenza 320
Inframalleolar infection 613
Infrared thermometer 594f
Infusion dosing, maintenance 556
Infusion site problems 779
Inhalable insulins 403
Inheritance, mode of 79
Inhibins 712
Inhibits glucagon 61
In-shoe technique 595
Insole/foot bed 640
Insomnia 727
Instant contact cast 601
Instant total contact cast 632
absorption 361
administration 361
on airplanes 845
practical aspects of 362
skills 370
allergy 539
analogs
in renal insufficiency 723
long-acting 359
merits of 394t
rapidly acting 344
and blood glucose
during Ramadan 765t
monitoring during Ramadan 765
and glucagon delivery devices 813
and glucose metabolism 463
and oral agents 377
multiple injections of 381
and oral antidiabetic drugs in Ramadan 762
antibodies 362
aspart 675
B cell cytolysis discharge 119
basic of 334
biosynthesis of 70
concept of delivery of 403
conventional 763
counseling and Ramadan 760
degludec 564
degradation 464
degrading enzymes 72
delivery devices 362
dependent diabetes mellitus 7
developed, inhalation forms of 403
dosage
and distribution, total daily 361
reduction in 469
sliding scale for 469t
fixed daily 254
regimen 676
during air travel, storage of 845
elderly, and Ramadan 763
evolution of 34
exocytosis, producing 44
family therapy, and Ramadan 764
for intrapartum glycemic control, dose of 693t
gene 697
expression 180
glulisine 335
high doses of 113
human 403
hyperglycemia, and Ramadan 764
hypoglycemia, and Ramadan 764
in insulin pumps, preferred 778
in Ramadan 759
prerequisites for 759
in type 2 diabetes mellitus 759
individualization and Ramadan 760
infusion 562
advantages of continuous 469
rate 556
rate, adjusting 562
set 814
transition from 563
and Ramadan 761t
in hospital 564
injecting 845
injection
technique 399
intensification 346
regimens 349f
intra-islet 74f
intranasal 405
intrapartum administration of 692
invention of 69
lente 892
management testing 186
messenger ribonucleic acid 119
mixing 400
naïve 557
patients and Ramadan 760
never omit 367
pen, use of 400
physiologic actions of 71
producing cells 805
protease 72
and Ramadan 764
disadvantages of 374
for type 2 diabetes mellitus 781
foundation 787
system, implantable 785f
therapy 770
users 848
dose of 558
related peptides in invertebrates
function of 35
structure of 35
low 106
secretagogues 467
secretary defect 119
secrete 52
dynamics of 44
reduce 110t
self-mixed 848
sensitizing drugs 288
signaling defect, primary 112
single dose 848
soluble 875
solution, infusion of 405
stacking 778
stimulates synthesis of lipids 72
storage 399
during traveling 847
sulfonylureas 850
supplement 469
synthesis of 42f
syringes and pens 362
technique for mixing 892
alternative 362
during fasting 723
during severe infections 724
in diabetes in pregnancy 674
in hemodialysis 723
in peritoneal dialysis 723
in special situations 723
preparing patients for 342
side effects of 362
with chronic renal failure 723
titration of 396t
total daily dose of 564t
treatment 676
cause cancer 733
use of newer 469
weight, and Ramadan 764
with oral antidiabetic agents, combination of 676
Insulinoma antigen-2 antibodies 372
Insurance Amendment Act, enactment of 885
Integrase inhibitor 572
Intensity projection, maximum 219
Intensive blood pressure 478
Intensive care unit 554
Intensive diabetes control, effect of 477
Intensive flexible insulin therapy 254
Interaction mediated vascular dysfunction 206
Interferon 116
International Classification of Diseases Codes 31
International Conference for Harmonization 413
International Diabetes Management Practice Study 346
International Prostate Symptoms Score 729
Interpersonal psychotherapy 823
Intersectoral convergence 869
Intestinal barrier 95
Intestinal biopsy, small 519
Intra-abdominal disorders, severe 792
Intracellular proteins 44
Intracranial hemorrhage, ruling out 218
Intracranial vasculature 583
Intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm 62
Intraglomerular pressure, high 447
Intralesional corticosteroid triamcinolone 532
Intrapartum glycemic target 691
Intrapartum insulin requirement 691
Intrinsic minus foot 580f
Iodine excess 125
Iron deficiency 668f
Iron-laden lysosomes rupture 137
Ischemic attack, transient 295
Ischemic brain tissue, assessing viable 219
Ischemic diabetic foot, acutely infected 610f
Ischemic foot with gangrene 596f
Ischemic heart 208
Ischemic infarct core 219
Ischemic necrosis 585
Ischemic penumbra 219
Ischemic/neuroischemic limb 610
Islet and pancreas transplant 705
Islet antigen-2 356
Islet autoantibody 82
Islet autoantigens 82
Islet autoimmunity 180
Islet capillaries 40
antibodies 356
autoantibodies 356
clusters 52
granules, ultrastructural appearance of 59f
transplant 788
efficiency of 799
indications of 798
use of 799
tumors 55
Islet neogenesis-associated protein 39
Isoniazid 569
Isophane insulin 555
J
Jagran Pehel Program 863
Jaundice 660
Jejunal mucosa 181
Jod-Basedow phenomenon 125
Joslin diabetes centre 866
Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation 866
Juvenile diabetes, classification 7
K
Kala azar 873
Karnal glucocoper 820
Keller arthroplasty 608f
Keller resection arthroplasty 609
Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program Group 862
Ketoanions, excretion of 551
Ketogenic diet 142
Kickoff B blockers 119
Kidney disease 396
advanced 470
and hypertension 497
familial hypoplastic glomerulocystic 101
in diabetes, stages of 443
nondiabetic 454t
Klebsiella pneumoniae 625
Klebsiella species 457
Kobberling-Dunnigan syndrome 102
Kobes classification 620
Kussmaul respiration 356
L
Labor in pregnancy with diabetes, induction of 694
Labor, precautions during 682
Lactic acidemia 680
Lamotrigine 439
Langerhans 773
Lanreotide auto gel 123
Laparoscopic gastric plication 179
L-asparaginase therapy 118
Lectin-like gene 78
Leprosy 873
Lesser metatarsal procedures 609
Less-intensive regimens 343
Leucocytosis, nonspecific 546
Leukocytosis 620
Leukoderma 538
Leutinizing hormone 522
Leydig cells of testis 727
Life in control diabetes coach 815
Life threatening infection 623
Life-saving devices 816
Lifestyle-related chronic diseases 667
Life-threatening hypotension 730
Ligands inhibits 35
Light green cell, sequencing of 35
Limb amputations, major 611
Linezolid 622
and lipoproteins 483t
qualitative changes in 485t
quantitative changes in 485t
disorders in diabetes 481
homeostasis 154
regulation of 287
profile 100
storage 154
Lipoatrophy 538
Lipodystrophic syndromes 165
Lipogenesis stimulation 484
Lipogenesis, general induction of 484
Lipoic acid 437
Lipolysis, inhibition of 544
cholesterol
elevated high-density 481
high density 213
very-low-density 482
in type 2 diabetes mellitus 482t
low high density 205
metabolism, abnormal 66
number of 482
reduce low-density 116
Lipotoxicity 46
Lispro, structure of 335f
Liver
cytosol antigen 517
chronic 392
mechanisms of 396
function tests 296
triglyceride concentrations 154
type fatty acid binding protein 444
Lodenafil carbonate 525
Lovastatin 472
Low blood glucose levels 73
Low density level-cholesterol 213
Low molecular weight 669
Lower limb
amputation
causes of 638
epidemiology of 577
complications 576
computed tomography angiography of 220f
ischemia 212
weakness 581
Lower segment caesarian section 31
Low-glycemic index 253
Low-protein diets 253
Lumbar puncture 510
Luminal spaces 59
Lupus nephritis 456
Lymnaea stagnalis 35
Lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome 147
Lymphocytic infiltrations 82
Lysosomal protease 72
M
Macronodular hyperplasia 122
Macrophage inhibiting factors 900
Macrovascular disease, epidemiology of 477
Macular degeneration 417
Macular edema, types of 432
Macular pattern dystrophy 141
Magnesium, deficiency of 181
Malabsorption 141
Malaria 567
Male genital mycotic infections 320
Malnutrition 726
Malperforans ulceration 630
Mandakini offloading device 603
Mandibular hypoplasia 113
Mannitol 551
Maternal capillary glucose concentrations 672t
Maternal diabetes 62
Maternal hemoglobin 691
Meckel's diverticulum 62
Medical counseling 748
Medical therapy, indications for 626
Medicated urethral system for erection 524
Medroxyprogesterone acetate 715
Medullary thyroid carcinoma 123
Megaloblastic anemia 101
Megestrol 119
Meggitt-Wagner classification 638t
clinical trials of efficacy of 281t
contraindications/cautions 283
drug interactions 282
efficacy 281
future perspectives 284
mode of action 280
pharmacokinetics 282
plasma concentrations 282
role for 283t
role in therapeutics 283
routes, preparations, and dosage 283
safety 281
Mehta Chawla's dermatological criteria's for diabetes 531
Melanin concentrating hormone 155
Melanocortin 4 receptor gene 164
Melanocyte stimulating hormone 164
Melas phenotype 140
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis 457
Membranous nephropathy 456
Memory loss 708
Menopausal hormone therapy 715
Menopause 714
and metabolic syndrome 714
between women with and without diabetes 713
endocrinology of 713
hormonal changes with 713
on body composition, effect of 714
on glucose homeostasis, effect of 714
on insulin sensitivity, effect of 714
Menstrual periods, irregular 819
Mental and physical health interventions, internets-based 898
Mental health professionals 832
Mesenteric artery, superior 54
Mesenteric vein, superior 54
Metabolic acidosis 465
Metabolic alterations in end-stage renal disease 463
Metabolic coma 115
Metabolic condition, common 667
Metabolic derangements 620
Metabolic disorder 620
Metabolic factors 719
Metabolic memory, role of 424
Metabolic parameters in diabetics 746
Metabolic surgery, operation of 175
Metabolism, full 774
Meta-iodo-benzyl-guanidine 440
Metal devices, implanted 221
Metatarsal bar 642f
Metatarsal ulcers 609
Metatarso-phalangeal joint 609
Metformin 107, 113, 118, 144, 170, 171, 266, 286, 289, 324, 374, 378, 379, 381, 451, 467, 468, 471, 474, 506, 517, 573, 574, 672, 673, 687, 689, 705, 721, 749, 754, 770, 875, 892
and antineoplastic actions 288
and cardiovascular system 287
and glitazones 769
and mitochondria 286
and pregnancy 289
and thyroid 290
cellular uptake of 286
in atherogenesis 287
in cardiac
fibrosis 288
hypertrophy 287
in chronic kidney disease 467t
in diabetic cardiomyopathy 288
in heart failure 288
in hypertension 287
in naïve polycystic ovarian syndrome 289
in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 290
in polycystic ovarian syndrome 288
in premature pubarche 289
in renal failure 288
in type 1 diabetes mellitus 290
in type 2 diabetes mellitus 287
in vitro fertilization 289
therapy 305
Metiglinides 378
Metoclopramide 519
Metreleptin 103
Metyrapone 123
Mexico model 855
Michigan neuropathy screening instrument 437
Micro ribonucleic acid 161
Microbicidal activity 584
Micro-ribonucleic acid profiles 797
Microscopic hematuria 455f
Microvascular damage 797
Microvascular injury, molecular mechanism of 446
Mid sole ulcers, formation of 615
Mid-gestational embryos 59
Mifepristone 123
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist 500
Minimal intralobular connective tissue 55
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare 872
Mirodenafil 525
Miscarriage, decreasing risk of 289
Mitochondria 46
Mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate 901
Mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid 78
Mitochondrial disorders 112
Mitochondrial dysfunction 205
Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke 140
Mitochondrial genome 101
Mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase 287
Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation 901
Mitochondrial protein 140
Mitogenic Upstream Signals Act 45
Mitotane 123
Mobilizes lipid 61
Moderate Intensity Weight Training Program 850
Molecular pattern molecules 901
Molecular weight, high 669
Monoclonal gammopathy 436
Monofilament test 594f
Monogenic and obesity related syndromes 164
Monogenic antinflammatory syndrome 147
classification of 98
diagnosis of 107
diagnostic dilemma 102
epidemiology 97
syndromes, classification of 98t
therapeutic implications 103
types of 703t
Monogenic insulin resistance syndrome 105
Mononeuropathy 435
Monosialoganglioside, circulating 436
Monozygotic twin 353
Morning insulin 379
Mortality in type 2 diabetes trial 170
Mortality, worldwide causes of 16f
Motor neuropathy 579
Mucormycosis 433
Mucuna pruriens 526
Multicentric clinical study 803
Multicultural community health assessment trial 292
Multidetector computerised tomography 221
Multilingual population 861
Multinodular goiter 125
Multiple genes, polymorphisms of 78
Multiplex polymerase chain reaction 79
Mutism, selective 823
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 567
Myopathy 141
Myositis 613
Myristic acid 337
N
N-acetyl cysteine 450
Namaz prayer 591
Nano technology 526
Nanoinsulin pump 786
Nanopump 786
Nasopharyngitis 320
National Diabetes Education Program 870
National Diabetes Prevention Program 870
National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program 11
National Health and Medical Research Council 558
National Health Policy and diabetes 868
National Health Policy of India 872
National Institute for Care Excellence 855
National Institute for Clinical Excellence 349
National Institute of Chronic Diseases 873
National Urban Diabetes Survey 18
Natural disaster 900
Natural fascial barriers, breaking 584
Natural triggered disasters 902
Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum 533
Necrolytic migratory erythema 127
Negative emotions, types of 829
Neglected plantar callus 615f
Nematode worm 35
Neogenesis, drivers of 38
Neonatal cardiomyopathy 680
Neonatal complication 660
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia 680
Neonatal hypocalcemia 680
Neural cell adhesion molecule 57
Neural insulin-like effects 117
Neurocognitive functioning studies 895
Neuroendocrine neurons, populations of 154
Neuroglycopenic symptoms 724
Neuroischemic ulcer 577
Neurological damage, extent of 551
Neurological disabilities 551
Neurological observations 547
Neuronal damage 527
Neuronal nitric oxide synthase 522
Neuro-osteoarthropathy 600
Neuropad 595
Neuropathic assessment 593
Neuropathic diabetic patient 639
Neuropathic sole of foot 616
Neurotransmitters 825
Neurotrophic therapy 438
Neurovascular space 41
Neurovascular supply 40
at bedtime 379
Nevirapine 572
Newer insulins and Ramadan 764
Niacin 472
Nicotine 838
Nitrogen species, reactive 205
Nocturia 363
Nonantigen-specific treatment 84
Nondiabetes population 727
Nondiabetic chronic kidney disease 464
Nondiabetic pregnancy 656
Nondiabetic relatives, initially 353t
Nondiverted interposition 178
Nonenzymatic protein glycation 430
Nonesterified free fatty acids 204
Nonfatal stroke 498
Nonglycemic effects of combination therapy 379
Nonhealing wound 620
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 123
Noninfective neuro-osteoarthropathy 625
Noninjectable insulins 402
Nonketotic hyperosmolar coma 119
Non-limb threatening (mild infection) 623
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors 572
Nonobese diabetic 82
Nonpregnant women 107
Nonretinal ocular complications 427
Nonstarch polymers 663
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug 428
Nonsulfonylurea insulin 722
Nontraumatic lower-limb, causes of 649
Norepinephrine 439
Normoalbuminuria 443
Nortriptyline 826
Nuclear factor kappa-b 264
Nucleolar ribonucleic acid genes 164
Nurses’ health studies 89
Nutrient mediated teratogenesis 160
Nutrient obtained from human diet, types of 662
Nutritional deficiency 181
Nutritional factors 24
Nutritional status 554
Nutritional value of food, counting 255
Nyctalopia 138
O
and anemia 667
genetic of 163
hypogonadism cycle 709
management of 166
paradox 91
related inflammation 667
related insulin 667
Obstetric procedures 558
Obstetric surgery 558
Obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic 338
Obstructive sleep apnea 213
Octanoic acid 437
Octreotide 519
Ocular ischemic syndrome 433
Off-meter software 188
Olanzapine 117
Oliguria 547
Omnipod insulin management system 777
Oncological illnesses 797
Ongoing diabetes control 665
Online diabetes management software 814
On-meter software 188
Onychomycosis 614
Ophthalmopathy 126f
Optical coherence tomography 235
Optical techniques 235
Optimal glycemic control 192
Oral and parenteral iron preparations 669t
Oral antidiabetic medication dose 754t
Oral antihyperglycemic agents 322
Oral fluids 550
Oral insulin 404
Oramed's oral insulin 404
Oramed's technology 404
Organ transplant patients 115
Organic personality syndrome 747
Orlistat 266
Orthostatic hypotension 659
Osmotic stress 428
acute 631
chronic 631
in diabetic foot 610
medical treatment of 626
of foot in diabetes 624t
of great toes 598f
Otitis externa, malignant 719
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 289
Oxcarbazepine 439
P
Painful diabetic neuropathy 436
Paired testing 186
Palmar erythema 537
Palpating pedal pulses 593f
adult 52f
after kidney transplant 796
and kidney, transplant of 406
chemical artificial 785
development of 52
diseases of 702
endocrine development of 54f
endoderm 52
exocrine function 52
external artificial 784
graft survival rate 796
islet cell
development 52
transplantation 798
lies, exocrine tissue of 134
mass of 55
effect of 797
efficiency of 797
indication for 789
technical conduct of 789
types of 788fc
Pancreatectomy 799
Pancreatic and islet cell transplant 796
Pancreatic buds 52
Pancreatic diabetes, recognition of 138
Pancreatic disease 134
Pancreatic duct 52
Pancreatic ductular obstruction 138
Pancreatic enzymes, elevated 547
Pancreatic hormonal function 52
Pancreatic hypoplasia 61
Pancreatic insufficiency 138
Pancreatic lymph nodes 83
Pancreatic neoplasms 138
Pancreatic transplantation, evaluation of 798
Pancreatic α-cell glucagon secretion 74f
Panic disorder 823
Paper log book 188
Papillary necrosis 457
Papillary responses, abnormal 547
Paracrine signaling and angiogenesis 806
Parasympathetic innervation 154
Parasympathetic nervous system 155
Paraventricular nucleus 154
Parenchyma 53
Parent-child problem solving 897
Paresthesias 747
Paronychium 614
Pasireotide 123
Patch pump 778f
Peak systolic velocity 219
Pedal pulses, absence of 620
Pedigree chart 103f
Pegylated lispro 338
Penicillin 631
Penile nerves function tests 524
People with diabetes, workplace accommodation for 842
Peptic ulcer 181
Peptide granules 59f
Peptide in bombyx mori 35
Peptococcus 625
Perderson Freinkel hypothesis 159f
Perfluorooctanoic acid 28
Perfusion-weighted imaging techniques 219
Periconceptional folic acid 684
Perinatal morbidity and mortality 679
Perinatal tissues like cord tissue 803
Perindopril 499
Peripheral arterial pulsations 618
Peripheral atrophy 572f
Peripheral blood levels 405
Peripheral edema 362
Peripheral insulin sensitivity 116
Peripheral tissues 155
prevalence of 477
Perisinusoidal inflammation 517
Peritoneal catheter 465
Peritoneal fibroblastic proliferation, risk of 469
Peritonitis 792
Periungual telangiectasia 537
Pernicious anemia 371
Peroxisome 47
Persistent hyperglycemia generates 205
Personal digital assistant 777
Personal traits, positive 243
Pesticides 87
Pharmacodynamic properties 405
Pharmacokinetic properties 318t
Phenotype theory 160
Phenytoin pentamidine l-asparaginase 116
Phosphalydylinositol 3-kinase 36
Phosphate 550
Phosphatidylinositide-3 kinases 44
Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxy kinase 264
Phosphoinositide-3 kinase 45
Phosphor-enyl-pyruvate-carboxy-kinase 117
Phosphorylate electron transport chain 205
Phosphorylation of peptides 41
Photoacoustic spectroscopy 235
Physical activity and exercise 715
Physical health outcome 900t
Physical inactivity 88
Physiological male arousal, level of 525f
Phytanic acid 266
Phytoestrogen 87
Pigmented micronodular hyperplasia, primary 122
Pigmented purpuric dermatosis 537
Pilgrim's foot 846
Pilgrimage in christianity 847
Pilgrimage in hinduism and buddhism 847
Pineal gland hyperplasia 9
Piperacillin 622
Pirfinidone 450
Pitching genotype theory 160
Pittsburgh sleep quality index 729
Pituitary adenoma 123
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating peptide 156
Plantar callus 581
Plantar diabetic foot ulcers, offloading 634
Plantar pressure 603
Plantar soft tissue, reduced 580
Plantar space abscess, medial and lateral 616
Plantar space in distal foot 613f
Plantar xerosis 579f
Planter ulcers 589f
Plasma fructosamine concentration reflects 202
Plasma protein binding 318
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 release stimulation 497
Platelet aggregation 214
Platelet to lymphocyte ratio 524
Pluripotent cells 804
Pneumococcus 631
Poliomyelitis 567
Poly lactico-glycolic acid 404
Polyclonal anti-t-cell antibody thymoglobulin 790
Polycystic kidneys 698
Polycythemia 680
Polyendocrinopathy 698
Polygenic disorder 702
Polygenic obesity 164
Polymeric biodegradable nanoparticles 785
Polymicrobial infections 621
Polyneuropathy 122
Polyunsaturated fatty acids 89
Poor diabetes control, consequences of 799
Poor disease control 819
Poor foot hygiene 615
Poor intellectual capabilities 895
Poor nail care 614
Porcine subintestinal mucosa 606
Postlunch blood sugar 186
Postmenopausal osteoporosis 715
Postnatal growth retardation 113
Postpartum diabetes management 686
Postprandial hemoglobin 115
Postprandial hyperglycemia, intervention targeting 301
Posture, abnormal 581
Potassium balance, maintenance of 465
Potassium metabolism in end-stage renal disease 465
Potential bicarbonate, loss of 551
Prandial glucose regulators 850
Prandial secretagogues 106
Precise insulin delivery 778
Preconception management 656
Preconceptional care 656
Preconceptional counseling 683
Prediabetes 728
PREDIAN trial 450
Predinner blood sugar 186
Prefasting counseling 768
Pregabalin 439
Pregnancy 300
complicated by diabetes 678
prevalence of 656
diabetes
and fasting in Ramadan 743
and hypertension 500
induced hypertension 659
injection during 401
planning 688
test 510
weight gain 28
with diabetes 664
fetal and maternal adverse in 657
labor in 694
management of 691
Prelunch blood sugar 186
Premixed human insulin 349
Preproinsulin gene 78
Prepubertal girls 356
Pre-Ramadan in diabetics 746
Pre-Ramadan medical assessment 740
Pre-Ramadan patient assessment 753
Pressure hydrocephalus, normal 903
Pressure wound therapy, negative 605
Progesterone 57
Proglucagon molecule 73
Pro-inflammatory cytokine 667
Proinflammatory cytokine, levels of 825
Proinflammatory mediators 605
Proinsulin 42
Prominent meta tarsal head 639
Prostacyclin 522
Protease inhibitors 116
conservation stage 767
diets, low 465
kinase 36
activation of 117
activity 154
B 36
activation 430
β inhibition 438
production of acute-phase 81
response and apoptosis, unfolded 47
synthesis 287
turnover 67
tyrosine phosphatase 83
Proximal motor neuropathy 436
Pubertal delay 363
Pulmonary embolism 150
Pump features, implantable 784
Pump malfunction 780
Pump mechanism 785
Pus under pressure 623
Pyrazinamide 569
Pyruvate kinase 901
R
Radio immunoassay 35
Radiopaque foreign bodies 623
Raised plantar pressure, causes of 580
Ramadan insulin initiation, before 759
Ramipril 294
Random plasma glucose 687
Ranibizumab 417
Ransart boot 633
Rapamycin inhibitors sirolimus 790
Razumab 417
Receptor tyrosine kinase 36
Redo bariatric surgeries 181
Refeeding syndrome 150
Regulatory hormone epinephrine 464
Religious fasting, intention of 752
Remicade 416
Renal artery stenosis 213
Renal biopsy, role of 460
Renal dysplasia 101
Renal excretion 468
Renal insufficiency 393
Renal parenchyma 458f
Renal pelvis, gas in 457
Renal transplant rejection 458
Renal tubules, epithelium of 64
Renal vein, left 54
Reoperation, types of 182t
Resistant hypertension 500
Respiratory infections, recurrent 138
Responsive diabetes mellitus 146
Retinal dystrophy 113
Retrograde ejaculations 526
Rhabdomyolysis 552
Rho-kinase inhibitors 526
Ribosomes 42
Rice grain embedded 591f
Rifampicin 569
Rifamycins 282
Rigid fibrous septae 613
Rilpivirine 572
Risperidone 117
Rofecoxib 874
Rubella 354
Rubeosis faciei 537
Ruboxistaurin 450
Rural environment 14
Rydel Seiffer tuning fork 209
S
Saline, normal 693
Saquinavir 572
Sarcomas 113
Sausage toe 625
Sclerodermatoid changes 534
Scotch cost boot 646f
Screening strategy, variations related to 30
Secretagogues 769
Semaglutide 506
Sensations, cause loss of 578
Septic arthritis 613
Septic diabetic foot 607
Septiciemia 553
Septum transversum generates 52
Serous cystadenoma 62
Serum
amyloid-A 81
bicarbonate 541
concentrations of lysophosphatidylcholine 82
cortisol chronobiological rhythm 775
high density lipoprotein 405
phosphate level 546
Severity, assessment of 621
Sexual dysfunction 440
Sexual health inventory in men 523
Shear stress 581
Short syndrome 113
Short-acting sulfonylurea 270
Siabetes specialist, role of 842
Sick-day rules 375
Sickle cell hemoglobinopathies 458
Simultaneous pancreatic kidney transplant 789
SINDBAD ulcer classification 619
Sleep, rest, and stress management 743
Small-fiber neuropathies, management of 439
Smart guard technology 779
Smoking cessation, role of 449
Social anxiety disorder 823
Social perception, negative 819
Sodium and water metabolism 465
Sodium channels 44
Sodium level in hyperglycemic crisis 546
Sodium provides energy, active transport of 64
Sodium-glucose
cotransporter 497
inhibitors 318t
transporter 180
pharmacodynamic of 317
pharmacokinetics of 317
Soft callus 614
Soft tissue infection 623
Solid cellular cords 59
Solid organ transplants 558
Soluble fiber 266
Somatotroph carcinoma 123
Somogyi effect 781
Somogyi syndrome 198f
Spherical granules, small 59
Sphingolipid metabolites 180
Sphingosine 1-phosphate 180
Spink1 genes 136
Spleen 83
Splenic vein 54
Spontaneous abortion, prevention of 656
Spontaneous hypoglycemia 464
Spontaneous mutations 78
Sports and diabetes 850
Stable angina 212
Starvation 554
Steatohepatitis 516
Steatorrhea 138
Steroids, use of 560
Stitch society's wounds 857
Streptomyces hygroscopicus 299
Streptomyces roseochromogenes 299
Stress 258
acute 901
diabetic patients, symptoms of 259
hormones 151
transition in 564
instigates visceral obesity, chronic 152fc
mediated metabolic changes 900
mediators 151fc
physiology of 259
Stress-related biological pathways 153fc
Struma ovarii 125
Subacute thyroiditis 125
Subclinical diabetogenic changes 773
Subclinical inflammation and leukostasis 431
Subcutaneous fat in extremities, wasting of 572f
infusion
advantages of continuous 778
infusion therapy 781t
advantages of continuous 780t
protocol 557t
regimen, intermittent 693
Subcutaneous pump therapy, continuous 343
Subcutaneous tissue glucose 235
Subcutenous emphysema 623
Suboptimal carbohydrate 774
Sucrose 365
Sugar across epithelial cells 180
Sulfonylurea 111, 119, 168, 169, 269, 272, 275, 278, 300, 305, 322, 324, 327, 378, 381, 451, 466, 478, 696, 706, 721, 751, 754, 755, 768, 770, 848, 874, 892
action of 275
adverse effects of 277
and cancer risk 278
and cardiovascular disease 277
and glinides 769
first-generation 471
mechanism of action of 276f
benzamido site of 280f
Supplemental insulin dosages 367t
Supplementary medications 118
Surgical bone resection, indications for 626
Surgical intensive care unit 150
Sweat gland function, abnormal 138
Sweat test 440
Swimming regularly and diabetes 852
Synaptophysin 57
Syndromic diabetes 143
Syndromic neonatal diabetes mellitus 698t
Systemic sepsis, signs of 593
Systolic hypertension in Europe 497
T
Tachycardia 620
Tarsal cradle with metatarsal pad 642
Tazobactam 622
Tear drops, artificial 427
Technological development, type of 787
Temporoparietal lobe, bilateral 141f
Tendo Achilles lengthening 610
Tendonitis 613
Tenofovir 572
Testicular failure, primary 122
Testosterone
and body composition 708
deficiency of 708
levels, effects on 709
measurement of 729
particularly 713
replacement 710
replacement therapy 710
effects of 730f
therapy, effects of 710
Tethered insulin pump 777f
Tethered pumps 784
Thiamine-responsive megaloblasticanemia 99
Thiazolidinedione 113, 116, 168, 283, 292, 293, 294b, 324, 324f, 325, 326, 327, 378, 381, 467, 468, 471, 505, 517, 674, 689, 721, 741, 754, 755, 770, 848, 875
action of 294f
clinical efficacy of 293
safety concerns with 296
Thiozolidiones 706
Threatening infection 624b
Threonine kinase 35
Threshold pressure for injury, concept of 582
Thrifty genotype hypothesis 157
Thromboembolic events 181
Thrombotic state 552
Thymoglobulin 799
Thyroxin 121
Tiagabine 439
Tibial arteries, posterior 577
Tipranavir 572
Tiredness 747
Tissue
culture from infected wound 621
damage, theories of 583
injury, marker of 582
insulin resistance 807
loss 618
perfusion, status of 582
pouch 785
properties, altered 580
Tocopherol 517
Tolerates hypoglycemia 659
Topiramate 439
Touch and pressure sensation 621
Toxic adenoma 125
Toxic multinodular goiter 125
Tramadol 438
Transforming growth factor 264
Transmitral flow 222f
Transplant surgery 558
Transport barrier 405
Transsphenoidal surgery 124
Traumatic injury 680
Trial drug outcomes 306t
Tricyclic antidepressants 440
Troglitazone 116
Trophic ulcers 609
Tropic foot ulcer in diabetic patient 632f
Truncal obesity 583
and diabetes
epidemiology of 567
mellitus 567
contribution of 567
in diabetes mellitus, treatment of 569
Tubular lumen 463
Tubulointerstitial diseases 457
Tubulointerstitial nephritis, acute 457
Tuning fork 595
Turner's sign 134
Tympanic membrane 238
Tyrosine hydroxylase 154
Tyrosine phosphatase 356
Tyrosine protein kinase 79
U
Udenafil 525t
acute 638
at great toe 598f
marginal 181
on lateral malleolus 591f
recurrence 639
severity index 619
site 577f
Ulcerated foot 641
Ultralente 903
Ultrasonography, role of 682
Umbilical cord blood 803
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell 807
University of Texas ulcer classification 619
University of Texas ulcer classification system 638t
Upper respiratory tract infection 311
Urban environment 14
Urban Primary Health Centers 886
Urea cycle 67
Uric acid 746
Urinary elimination 318
Urinary glucose excretion 317
Urinary retention 659
Urogenital dysfunction 138
Ursodeoxycholic acid 517
V
Vagal stimulation 180
Vaginal candidiasis 356
Vaginal dryness 440
Vaginal lubricants bethanechol 440
Vagotomy 180
Vardenafil 730
Vascular access 465
Vascular control 606
Vascular management 634
Vascular surgery 791
Vasculopathy 620
Venous plasma glucose 11
Venous thrombosis 552
Ventral mesentery 52
Ventricular ejection fraction, left 309
Veteran affairs diabetes trial 510
Viable psychoeducational interventions 896
Viral infections 354
Visceral fat 151
Viscid secretions 138
Vision loss 684
Visual impairment and blindness 208
Volcano eruption 900
Vulvovaginal candidiasis pruritus 320
W
Wagner-Meggitt classification 619
Walking and diabetes 851
Walking off stubborn high sugar levels 851
Wash, touch and look at feet every day 649
Web space infections 615
Weight neutral glucose lowering agents 171
Westward travel 848
Wharton's jelly 803
White blood cell 454
Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome 147
Wilson-Turner syndrome 164
Withania somnifera 526
Women with diabetes, newborn infants of 689
Women's health initiative 715
Worsen diabetes 123
Worsening azotemia 620
Wound
control 603
debridement 533
dressings 626
agents 533
defective 613
infection, assessment of 621
ischemia 583
Wscherichia coli, nonpathogenic 404