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Pediatric Dentistry for Special Child Priya Verma Gupta

SECTION 1: BASIC CONCEPTS
CHAPTER 1:General Considerations
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
- DEFINITIONS
- CLASSIFICATIONS
- PREVALENCE
- PERCEPTION
- DENTISTRY FOR SPECIAL CHILD
- GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
- FIRST APPRAISAL
- PSYCHOLOGY
- MANAGEMENT
- SUPPORT PROGRAMS
- PREVENTIVE METHODOLOGIES
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 2: INTELLECTUALLY CHALLENGED
CHAPTER 2:Mental Retardation
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- DEFINITIONS
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CLASSIFICATIONS
  - According to Degrees of Mental Retardation
  - According to Origin
    - Syndromic or Nonsyndromic MR
- ETIOLOGY
  - Genetic
  - Epigenetic
- ETIOPATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS
- ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
- INVESTIGATIONS
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- DIAGNOSIS
- MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH
- PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACH
- DENTAL MANAGEMENT
- CLINICAL CONCERNS
- MANAGEMENT MODIFICATIONS
- MAINTENANCE
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 3:Cerebral Palsy
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITIONS
- HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- INCIDENCE
- ETIOLOGY
- MOTOR IMPAIRMENT
- CLASSIFICATIONS
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
- SYSTEMIC MANIFESTATIONS
- DIAGNOSIS
  - History
  - Examination
    - Neurologic
    - Musculoskeletal
- INVESTIGATIONS
  - Laboratory Tests
  - Neuroimaging
- PROGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
- ORAL HEALTH CONCERNS
- REHABILITATION
- SPASTICITY MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 4:Epilepsy
- INTRODUCTION
- ETIOLOGY
- CLASSIFICATIONS
  - Epilepsy
  - Seizure
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
- EPILEPTIC SYNDROMES
- DIAGNOSIS
- STATUS EPILEPTICUS
  - Etiology
  - Classification
- MANAGEMENT
- DENTAL MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 5:Autism
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITIONS
- THEORIES
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY
- DIAGNOSIS
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - Primary Features
  - Associated Features
- ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - Dental Caries
  - Self-injurious Behaviors
- MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
- DENTAL MANAGEMENT
  - Things to Remember
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 3: PHYSICALLY CHALLENGED
CHAPTER 6:Hearing Impairments
- INTRODUCTION
- HEARING IMPAIRMENT
- CLASSIFICATIONS
- ETIOLOGY
- MANIFESTATIONS
  - Clinical
  - Oral
- COMMUNICATION METHODS
- GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
- DENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 7:Visual Impairments
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITIONS
- CLASSIFICATION
  - According to WHO
    - Low Vision
    - Blindness
- ETIOLOGY
- ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
- ESTABLISHING COMMUNICATION
- DENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
  - Physical Access
  - Seating the Patient
- DENTAL MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 8:Speech Impairments
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITIONS
- SPEECH CENTER
  - Sequence of Speech
- FEEDBACK MECHANISM
- SPEECH PRODUCTION
- MODE OF SPEECH ARTICULATION
  - Resonators
  - Articulatory Mechanism
    - Sounds Based on Articulatory Mechanism
- CLASSIFICATION
  - According to the Area of Phonatory System Involved
- ETIOLOGY
- THEORIES OF SPEECH DEVELOPMENT
- MOTOR CONTROL MECHANISM
- DENTAL-ASSOCIATED DEFECTS
- SPEECH EVALUATION
- INVESTIGATION
  - Articulation
  - Language
- MANAGEMENT
  - Goals for Management
- DENTAL MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 4: MEDICALLY CHALLENGED
CHAPTER 9:Cardiovascular Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
- CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
- RHEUMATIC FEVER
- INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 10:Respiratory Disorders
- BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
- CYSTIC FIBROSIS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 11:Gastrointestinal Disorders
- GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE
- INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 12:Renal Disorders
- NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
- RENAL FAILURE
- ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
- MANAGEMENT
- DENTAL MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 13:Hematological Disorders
- ANEMIA
- THALASSEMIA
- HEMOPHILIA
- VON WILLEBRAND DISEASE
- LEUKEMIA
  - Classification
CHAPTER 14:Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
- HYPOTHYROIDISM
  - Clinical Presentation
  - Dental Management
- HYPERTHYROIDISM
- HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
- HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
- ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY
- ADDISONIAN CRISES
  - Chair Side
    - Medical Emergency
  - Dental Management
- HYPERCORTICISM/CUSHING SYNDROME
- DIABETES MELLITUS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 15:Liver Disorders and Hepatitis
- NEONATAL JAUNDICE
- HEPATITIS
- INDIAN CHILDHOOD CIRRHOSIS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 16:Pediatric HIV Infection
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATIONS
  - Walter Reed Staging Classification
  - CDC Classification
  - Pediatric HIV Immune Category Classification
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS
- HIV INFECTION IN NEONATES AND INFANTS
- THE VIRUS STRUCTURE AND ITS PATHOGENICITY
  - The Genetic Structure of RNA
  - Regulatory Factors
  - Inhibitory Factors
  - Antigens
- SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VIRUS TO PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL AGENTS
- THE VIRAL REPLICATIVE CYCLE
- BIOLOGIC AND ANTIGENIC VARIATION
- SPECIES OF CELL INFECTED BY HIV
- FATE OF INFECTED CELL
- TRANSMISSION
  - Mode of HIV Transmission in Children
  - Vertical Transmission
    - Mode of Vertical Transmission
  - Risk Factors for Transmission
- VARIABILITY OF CLINICAL DISEASE
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - Central Nervous System
  - Lung
  - Cardiac
  - Blood Vessels
  - Gastrointestinal Tract
  - Renal
  - Hematologic
  - Endocrine
  - Dermatologic
- ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - Prevalence
  - Classification
  - Candidiasis
    - Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
  - Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection
  - Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
  - Other Ulcerogenic Diseases
  - Hospitalization Associated with Oral Leisons
  - Hiv-associated Periodontal Disease
  - Salivary Gland Dysfunction
  - Hairy Leukoplakia
  - Oral Warts
  - Malignancy
  - Thrombocytopenia
  - Saliva and HIV
  - Gingival and Plaque Indices
  - Over-retained Primary Teeth and Delayed Euption of Primary and Permanent Teeth
  - Dental Caries
  - Oral Health
- GUIDING A FAMILY THROUGH THE DISCLOSURES PROCESS
- MODIFICATION OF DENTAL CARE
  - Treatment Planning
  - Antibiotic Prophylaxis
  - Modification of Dental Procedures
  - Local Anesthetics
  - Preventive Oral Health Care
  - Periodontal Therapy
  - Restorative and Prosthetic Procedures
  - Endodontic Therapy
  - Oral Surgical Procedures
- INFECTION CONTROL
  - Cleaning of Instruments
  - Sterilization
    - Heat Sterilization
  - Disinfection
  - Removal
    - Cleaning and Disinfection
  - Seating the Patient and Resetting the Operatory
  - Covers and Disposables
  - Central Sterilization Area
  - Cleaning of Instruments
  - Instrument Set-ups and Packaging
  - Methods for Cleaning, Packaging, and Sterilization of Dental Hand Instruments
  - Wrapping Techniques for Other Articles
- LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS
  - Screening Tests
- MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 5: GENETICALLY CHALLENGED
CHAPTER 17:Down Syndrome
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- CRANIOFACIAL MANIFESTATIONS
- ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
- ORAL HEALTH CONCERNS
  - Dental Caries
  - Periodontal Disease
    - Progression and Distribution
    - Etiology of Periodontal Disease
- MALOCCLUSION
- MANAGEMENT
  - Dental Management
- BARRIERS IN DENTAL CARE
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 18:Marfan Syndrome
- INTRODUCTION
- INCIDENCE
- ETIOLOGY
- DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - General
  - Systemic
- CRANIOFACIAL MANIFESTATIONS
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
- DENTAL MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 19:Pierre Robin Sequence
- INTRODUCTION
- INCIDENCE
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- DIAGNOSIS
- NATURAL SEQUELAE
- MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 20:Ectodermal Dysplasia
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- ETIOLOGY
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
- RADIOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- CLASSIFICATIONS
- DIAGNOSTICS
- MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 21:Cleidocranial Dysplasia
- INTRODUCTION
- PREVALENCE
- ETIOPATHOGENESIS
- ETIOLOGY
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - Shoulder Girdle
  - Skeletal
- ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
- RADIOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 22:Crouzon Syndrome
- INTRODUCTION
- GENETICS
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 23:Apert Syndrome
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- PREVALENCE
- GENETICS
- SUTURAL DEFECT
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 24:Klinefelter Syndrome
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
- PREVALENCE
- PATHOGENESIS
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
- DENTAL MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 25:Myopathies
- INTRODUCTION
- GENETIC MYOPATHIES
- ACQUIRED MYOPATHIES
- ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
- DENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 26:Treacher Collins Syndrome
- INTRODUCTION
- ETIOLOGY/GENETICS
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
  - Neonatal Management
  - Surgical Management
    - Oral Surgery
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 27:Hemifacial Microsomia
- INTRODUCTION
- ETIOLOGY
- EMBRYOLOGY
- CLASSIFICATIONS
  - 1. Pruzansky's Original Classification
  - 2. OMENS Classification
- CLINICAL FEATURES
  - Additional Clinical Features
- DIAGNOSIS AND EVALUATION
- MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 28:Cleft Lip and Palate
- INTRODUCTION
- INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE
- EMBRYOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY
- DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
- CLASSIFICATIONS
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- ASSOCIATED DEVELOPMENTAL DISTURBANCES OF TEETH
- PATHOLOGICAL ANATOMY
- DIAGNOSIS
- MULTIDISCIPLINARY CLP TEAM
  - General Responsibilities of Team Members
    - Dental Specialties
- MULTIDISCIPLINARY MANAGEMENT IN CLP
- PROTOCOL FOR DENTAL CARE
- SURGICAL MANAGEMENT
  - Technique of Cleft Lip Repair
  - Technique of Palate Repair
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 6: EMOTIONALLY CHALLENGED
CHAPTER 29:Child Abuse and Neglect
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION
- TYPES
- PREVALENCE OF ORAL INJURIES
- SIGNS
- PHYSICAL ABUSE
- SEXUAL ABUSE
- EMOTIONAL ABUSE
- MUNCHAUSEN SYNDROME BY PROXY
- MATERNAL DEPRIVATION SYNDROME
- SHAKEN BABY SYNDROME
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF CHILD ABUSE
- CHILD NEGLECT
  - Causes of Child Neglect
  - Types of Child Neglect
- MANAGeMENT OF DENTAL NEGLECT
  - In Case of Suspect
- MANAGEMENT
  - Managing Child Abuse
    - Key Concepts for Sexual Abuse
- DENTAL MANAGEMENT FOR THE ABUSED
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 7: LEARNING DISABILITIES
CHAPTER 30:Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- SUBTYPES
- PREVALENCE
- ETIOLOGY
- CLINICAL FEATURES
  - Adults
  - Children
- ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - Trauma
  - Oral Hygiene
- DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS
- DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
- MANAGEMENT
- ADVERSE OROFACIAL REACTIONS
- DENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
- DENTAL MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 31:Dyslexia
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- DEFINITIONS
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- THEORIES
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- TYPES
- SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
- ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
- DENTAL MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 8: PHARAMACOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 32:Premedication
- INTRODUCTION
- INDICATIONS
- AIMS
- PREMEDICATION DRUGS
- GUIDELINES FOR PREMEDICATION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 33:Nitrous Oxide-Oxygen Inhalation Sedation
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- PHARMACODYNAMICS
- ADVANTAGES OF NOIS WITH SPECIAL CHILDREN
- NOIS AND SPECIAL CONDITIONS
- RELATIVE CONTRAINDICATIONS
- EQUIPMENTS
- PATIENT PREPARATION
- PROCEDURAL STEPS
- MONITORING
- ADVERSE EVENTS DURING NOIS
- OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS
- OTHER MODALITIES VS NOIS
  - General Anesthesia
  - Procedural Sedation
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 34:Dental General Anesthesia
- INTRODUCTION
- GENERAL ANESTHESIA
- DRUGS USED IN DGA
- DAY SURGERY
- INTUBATION
- TECHNIQUE
  - Drugs Integrations
  - Dental Treatment
- DOCUMENTATION
- POSTOPERATIVE INSTRUCTIONS
  - Follow-up
  - Repeated DGA
- CHECK LIST
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 35:Hospital Pediatric Dentistry
- INTRODUCTION
- INDICATIONS FOR HOSPITAL ADMISSION
- PEDIATRIC CONSIDERATIONS
- MEDICAL RECORDS
- CLINICAL RECORDS
- CONSENT, NEGLIGENCE AND EXPERT REPORT WRITING
- ADMISSION TO THE DISCHARGE PROCESS
- PREPARATION OF AN OPERATIVE PROCEDURE
  - Operating Room
    - Dental Assistant
    - Operating Room is Usually Divided into Two Areas
  - Position of the Operating Team
- DRAPING OF THE PATIENT
- OPERATING ROOM EQUIPMENT
- CUSTOMS AND COURTESIES
- GOWNING AND GLOVING
- DENTAL PROCEDURE
  - Removing Operating Room Garments
- POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD
  - Bring Operative Role
  - Orders
- DISCHARGE
  - Discharge Criteria
- CONCLUSION

INDEX

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Chapter Notes